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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>原理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-回声抑止" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#回声抑止"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>回声抑止</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-回声抑止-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-描述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#描述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>描述</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-描述-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关描述子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-描述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-窄頻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#窄頻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>窄頻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-窄頻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-无线數據機" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#无线數據機"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>无线數據機</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-无线數據機-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宽带" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宽带"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>宽带</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宽带-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-光学调制解调器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#光学调制解调器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>光学调制解调器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-光学调制解调器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-互联网访问" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#互联网访问"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>互联网访问</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-互联网访问-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">调制解调器</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。77种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85" title="مودم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مودم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85" title="مودم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مودم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Мадэм – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадэм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Мадэм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадэм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="মডেম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মডেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2dem" title="Mòdem – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mòdem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8E%D9%85" title="مۆدێم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆدێم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC" title="Μόντεμ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόντεμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemo" title="Modemo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Modemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dem" title="Módem – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Módem" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85" title="مودم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مودم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeemi" title="Modeemi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Modeemi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3ideim" title="Móideim – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Móideim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dem" title="Módem – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Módem" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%AE" title="મોડમ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોડમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9D" title="מודם – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מודם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE" title="मॉडेम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉडेम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3tald" title="Mótald – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mótald" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%A0" title="モデム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モデム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%8E%80" title="모뎀 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모뎀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemas" title="Modemas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Modemas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modems" title="Modems – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Modems" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82" title="മോഡം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോഡം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8m" title="Modèm – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Modèm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemi" title="Modemi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Modemi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwiano" title="Kiwiano – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiwiano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="இணக்கி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1" title="โมเด็ม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมเด็ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Модем – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Модем" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%DB%81" title="تضمیلاصہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تضمیلاصہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Modem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8" title="调制解调器 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="调制解调器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="מאדעם – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאדעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E6%A9%9F" title="數據機 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="數據機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5607#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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width:4em;;">臺灣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">數據機、魔電、小烏龜<sup id="cite_ref-密60_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-密60-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">港澳</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">數據機 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/TCP/IP%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="TCP/IP协议族">網際網路协议套組</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82" title="应用层">應用層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="边界网关协议">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="动态主机设置协议">DHCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="域名系统">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="文件传输协议">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输协议">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输安全协议">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="因特网信息访问协议">IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="轻型目录访问协议">LDAP</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="媒體閘道控制協定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media Gateway Control Protocol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E9%96%98%E9%81%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="媒體閘道控制協定（页面不存在）">MGCP</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" class="extiw" title="en:Media Gateway Control Protocol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media Gateway Control Protocol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="網路新聞傳輸協定">NNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="網路時間協定">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E5%B1%80%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="郵局協定">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E9%81%A0%E7%AB%AF%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%BC%E5%8F%AB" title="開放網路運算遠端程序呼叫">ONC/RPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="实时传输协议">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%B2%E6%B5%81%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="即時串流協定">RTSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="對話啟動協定">SIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="简单邮件传输协议">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="简单网络管理协议">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%B1%A4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="傳輸層安全性協定">TLS／SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:应用层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82" title="传输层">傳輸層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="用户数据报协议">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="数据拥塞控制协议">DCCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="流控制传输协议">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E9%A2%84%E7%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="资源预留协议">RSVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:传输层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="網絡層">網路層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%99%85%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="网际协议">IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="互联网控制消息协议">ICMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%89%88" title="互联网控制消息协议第六版">ICMPv6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="显式拥塞通知">ECN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="因特网组管理协议">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88" title="开放式最短路径优先">OSPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="路由信息协议">RIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:网络层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%B1%A4" title="連結層">連結層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="地址解析协议">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BB%E5%B1%85%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="邻居发现协议">NDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="隧道协议">Tunnels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%82%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="第二层隧道协议">L2TP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="点对点协议">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="介质访问控制">MAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="以太网">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF" title="数字用户线路">DSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91" title="综合业务数字网">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="光纤分布式数据接口">FDDI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:链路协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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title="双边带抑制载波传输">DSB</a>）</small></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" title="频率调制">FM</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" title="相位调制">PM</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="nowrap"><b>数字</b></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%85%E7%A7%BB%E9%94%AE%E6%8E%A7" title="幅移键控">ASK</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/OOK" title="OOK">OOK</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E5%B9%85%E5%BA%A6%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" title="正交幅度调制">QAM</a>）</small></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87%E5%81%8F%E7%A7%BB%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="頻率偏移調變">FSK</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E9%A2%91%E7%A7%BB%E9%94%AE%E6%8E%A7" title="最小频移键控">MSK</a> · <a href="/wiki/GFSK" title="GFSK">GFSK</a>）</small></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%81%8F%E7%A7%BB%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="相位偏移調變">PSK</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E7%9B%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="連續相位調變">CPM</a>）</small></td></tr><tr><td><span class="nowrap"><b>其他</b></span></td><td><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空間調變" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space modulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空間調變（页面不存在）">SM</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_modulation" class="extiw" title="en:Space modulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space modulation</span></a></span>）</span></span> （類比）</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccffcc;">脈衝調變</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">模拟</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E5%B9%85%E5%BA%A6%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="脉冲幅度调制">PAM</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" title="脉冲密度调制">PDM</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" title="脉冲位置调制">PPM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">数字</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E8%A1%9D%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="脈衝編碼調變">PCM</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E8%A1%9D%E5%AF%AC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="脈衝寬度調變">PWM</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccffcc;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E9%A2%91" title="扩频">扩频</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="線性調頻展頻" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chirp spread spectrum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E8%AA%BF%E9%A0%BB%E5%B1%95%E9%A0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="線性調頻展頻（页面不存在）">CSS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_spread_spectrum" class="extiw" title="en:Chirp spread spectrum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chirp spread spectrum</span></a></span>）</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E6%89%A9%E9%A2%91" title="直接序列扩频">DSSS</a> · <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跳時展頻" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Time-hopping"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%B3%E6%99%82%E5%B1%95%E9%A0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跳時展頻（页面不存在）">THSS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-hopping" class="extiw" title="en:Time-hopping"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Time-hopping</span></a></span>）</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E9%A2%91%E6%89%A9%E9%A2%91" title="跳频扩频">FHSS</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccffcc;">另見</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="調變">調變</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF%E7%A0%81" title="线路码">线路码</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">调制解调器</a> · <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%A3%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="ΔΣ調變">ΔΣ調變</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E9%A0%BB%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="正交頻分复用">OFDM</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="频分多路复用">FDM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modulation_techniques" title="Template:Modulation techniques"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modulation_techniques" title="Template talk:Modulation techniques"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Modulation_techniques" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Modulation techniques"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elsa_Modems_IMGP0424.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Elsa_Modems_IMGP0424.JPG/220px-Elsa_Modems_IMGP0424.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Elsa_Modems_IMGP0424.JPG/330px-Elsa_Modems_IMGP0424.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Elsa_Modems_IMGP0424.JPG/440px-Elsa_Modems_IMGP0424.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>三台不同品牌數據機</figcaption></figure> <p><b>调制解调器</b>（英語：<span lang="en">modem</span>，<span lang="en"><b>mo</b>dulator-<b>dem</b>odulator</span>的縮寫）暱稱<b>小烏龜</b><sup id="cite_ref-密60_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-密60-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，或是<b>魔電</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是一个将<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7" title="数字信号">数字信号</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="調變">調變</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="類比信號">類比信号</a>上进行传输，并<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="解調">解调</a>收到的類比信号为<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="數位訊號">數位訊號</a>的电子设备<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。它的目标是产生能够方便传输的類比信号并且能够通过解码还原原来的數位訊號。根据不同的应用场合，數據機可以使用不同的方法来传送類比信号，比如使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="光纤">光纤</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E9%A0%BB" title="射頻">射频</a>无线电或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%B7%9A" title="電話線">电话线</a>等。 </p><p>使用普通电话线音频波段进行数据通信的电话數據機是人们最常接触到的调制解调器。 </p><p>其他常见的调制解调器还包括用于宽带数据接入的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%BC%86%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="线缆调制解调器">有线电视电缆调制解调器</a>、<a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL调制解调器</a>和<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#光学调制解调器">光纤调制解调器</a>。數位式<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="移动电话">移动电话</a>实际上也是一种无线方式的调制解调器。現代电信传输设备是为了在不同的介质上远距离的传输大量信息，因此也都以调制解调器的功能为核心。其中，微波调制解调器速率可以达上百万比特每秒；而使用光纤作为传输介质的光调制解调器可以达到几十<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="位元率">Gbps</a>以上，是现在电信传输的骨干。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>數據機起初是为1950年代的美軍<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A4%E8%80%85%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="贤者系统">半自動地面防空系統</a>（Semi-Automatic Ground Environment，簡稱SAGE）研制，用来连接不同基地的终端，雷达站和指令控制中心到美国和加拿大的SAGE指挥中心。 SAGE运行在专用线路上，但是当时两端使用的设备跟今天的數據機根本不是一回事。<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>是SAGE系统中计算机和數據機的供货商。几年后<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="美国航空">美国航空</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%AE%98" title="首席执行官">首席执行官</a>与IBM一位区域经理的一次会晤促使「mini-SAGE」这种航空自动订票系统。在这系统中，一个位于票务中心的终端连接在中心电脑上，用来管理机票有效性和时间。这个系统，叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabre_(%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabre (电脑系统)（页面不存在）">Sabre</a>，是今天SABRE系统的早期原型。 </p><p>1960年代早期，商业计算机的应用逐渐普及，加上上述技术成果，1962年，<a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>发布了第一个商业化數據機<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell 103（页面不存在）">Bell 103</a>。使用两个音调表示1和0的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87%E5%81%8F%E7%A7%BB%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="頻率偏移調變">移频键控</a>技术，103已经能够实现300 bps的传输速度。很短时间后继版本<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_212&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell 212（页面不存在）">Bell 212</a>就研制出来，转移到更稳定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%81%8F%E7%A7%BB%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="相位偏移調變">移相键控</a>技术把数据速率提高到1200 bps。类似<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_201&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell 201（页面不存在）">Bell 201</a>的系统用双向信号集在4对专用线路上实现了2400 bps。 </p><p>贺氏智能數據機（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hayes Smartmodem" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hayes Smartmodem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayes_Smartmodem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayes Smartmodem（页面不存在）">Hayes Smartmodem</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayes_Smartmodem" class="extiw" title="en:Hayes Smartmodem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hayes Smartmodem</span></a></span>）</span></span>）是一个重大的进步，1981年由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%BA%E6%B0%8F%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贺氏通讯（页面不存在）">贺氏通讯</a>研制成功。最早的智能數據機是一个300 bps數據機，使用Bell 103通信協定标准，並内置了一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="微控制器">微控制器</a>，可以让计算机发送命令来控制电话线，例如摘机、拨号、重拨、挂机等功能。這些指令被廣為沿用，並逐漸擴充，被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E9%9B%86" title="海斯命令集">海斯指令集</a>（Hayes command set）。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acoustic_coupler_20041015_175456_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Acoustic_coupler_20041015_175456_1.jpg/225px-Acoustic_coupler_20041015_175456_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Acoustic_coupler_20041015_175456_1.jpg/338px-Acoustic_coupler_20041015_175456_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Acoustic_coupler_20041015_175456_1.jpg/450px-Acoustic_coupler_20041015_175456_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>使用声音耦合器的调制解调器</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fax_modem_antigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Fax_modem_antigo.jpg/225px-Fax_modem_antigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Fax_modem_antigo.jpg/338px-Fax_modem_antigo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Fax_modem_antigo.jpg/450px-Fax_modem_antigo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3029" data-file-height="1838" /></a><figcaption>配合電話線的14400bps數據機</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucent_winmodem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lucent_winmodem.jpg/225px-Lucent_winmodem.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lucent_winmodem.jpg/338px-Lucent_winmodem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lucent_winmodem.jpg/450px-Lucent_winmodem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>PCI介面卡數據機</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeleGuide-terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/TeleGuide-terminal.jpg/225px-TeleGuide-terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/TeleGuide-terminal.jpg/338px-TeleGuide-terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/TeleGuide-terminal.jpg/450px-TeleGuide-terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>TeleGuide終端機是一種仰賴內建電話線數據機來連線主機的電腦終端機</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modem-bank-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Modem-bank-1.jpg/225px-Modem-bank-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="491" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Modem-bank-1.jpg/338px-Modem-bank-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Modem-bank-1.jpg/450px-Modem-bank-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>大型機房用數據機</figcaption></figure> <p>在智能數據機之前，几乎所有的數據機都需要两个步骤来产生一个连接：第一步，人工在电话机上拨叫对方的号码，然后将听筒放在數據機附带的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="声音耦合器（页面不存在）">声音耦合器</a>（acoustic coupler）裡，一个用两个橡胶杯组成的用来在声音信号和电信号之间转换的设备。使用智能數據機除了不需要声音耦合器，更重要的是直接将數據機连接在标准电话线或插座上。然后电脑就能自动完成接通电话并拨叫号码的功能。这个改变极大的简化了<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%88%E5%91%8A%E6%AC%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="電子佈告欄系統">電子佈告欄系統</a>（BBS）的安装和使用。 </p><p>到1980年代數據機的速率一直没有多大变化。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>一般使用一种与贝尔212类似的2400 bps的系统，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>的系统稍有差别。到1980年代晚期大多数數據機都能支持当时所有的标准，2400 bps逐渐普及。大量特定用途的标准也被加了进来，通常都是使用高速信道接受低速信道发送，典型的例子就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>的<a href="/wiki/Minitel" title="Minitel">Minitel</a>系统，用户终端大部分时间都在接受信息。Minitel终端的數據機用1200 bps接受数据75 bps发送命令反馈给<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8" title="服务器">服务器</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="原理"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E7.90.86"></span>原理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：原理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87" title="语音频率">用于传输语音的频率</a>范围是300—3400Hz，为了进行人聲訊号在电话系统中传输，在线路上给它分配一定的带宽，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="国际">国际</a>标准取4KHz为一个标准的频带宽度。 </p><p>在这个传输过程中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="语音">语音</a>訊号以300—3400Hz频率输入，发送方的电话机把这个语音信号转变成<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="類比信號">類比信号</a>，这个類比信号经过一个频分<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="多路复用器">多路复用器</a>进行变化，使得线路上可以同时传输多路類比信号，当到达接收端以后再经过一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="解調">解調</a>的过程把它恢复到原来的频率范围的類比信号，再由接收方电话机把類比信号转换成声音信号<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>内的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊">資訊</a>是由“0”和“1”组成<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="數位信號">数位信号</a>，而在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%B7%9A" title="電話線">电话线</a>上传輸的却只能是類比信号，所以在电话線上传输数据，就必须将数位信号变换成類比訊號。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="调制">调制</a>就是用基带脉冲对载波波形某个参数进行控制，形成适合于线路传送的信号。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="解調">解调</a>就是当已调制信号到达接收端时，将经过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="调制器（页面不存在）">调制器</a>变换过的類比信号去掉载波恢复成原来的基带数位信号。</li> <li>采用數據機也可以把音频信号转换成较高频率的信号和把较高频率的信号转换成音频信号。所以调制的另一目的是便于线路复用，以便提高线路利用率。</li> <li>基于<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A2" title="载波">载波</a>信号的三个主要参数，可以把调制方式分为三种：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%B9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="调幅">调幅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%A2%91" class="mw-redirect" title="调频">调频</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="调相">调相</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="回声抑止"><span id=".E5.9B.9E.E5.A3.B0.E6.8A.91.E6.AD.A2"></span>回声抑止</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：回声抑止"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E5%A3%B0%E6%8A%91%E6%AD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回声抑止（页面不存在）">回声抑止</a>是數據機设计中的另一个主要进步。一般来说<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="电话">电话</a>系统要发送一个小的声音信号到讲话方的听筒，这样就告诉说话方声音正在传送。然而同样的信号会<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="干扰">干扰</a>數據機，使它分不清信号到底是自己发的还是对方发的。这也是为什么把频率分割频率给应答和原声；如果接受的频率跟自己相同就可以简单的忽略掉。通过改进电话系统可以允许更高的速度，分离的可用电话信号<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD" title="带宽">带宽</a>依然受到數據機强制半速限制。 </p><p>數據機设计的最主要的进步是1990年代晚期推出的56 kbps标准。这个标准类似于更早的1980年代被用户拒绝的高度／低速系统，但是随着互联网使用的普及稍微的牺牲一点速度换来使用性被逐渐接受。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="描述"><span id=".E6.8F.8F.E8.BF.B0"></span>描述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：描述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="窄頻"><span id=".E7.AA.84.E9.A0.BB"></span>窄頻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：窄頻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>今天标准的數據機在1980年被命名为「智慧數據機」。主要由兩个重要的部分组成：模拟部分用来产生信号和操作电话；数字部分用来设置和控制。这两部分实际上集成进一块芯片，只是理论上还是分开来说明。 </p><p>數據機实际上工作在2种「模式」：<b>数据模式</b>时通过电话线发送或者接受数据给计算机；<b>命令模式</b> 时數據機监听从计算机发来的命令数据并发送出去。一个典型的会话开始于经过自动假定设置的上电（一般是内置类型），然后數據機开始拨出一个电话号码用来连接远程的另一个數據機。连接成功之后數據機自动进入数据模式，可以收发数据了。当用户使用完了，在大约1秒的暂停之后发送逸出序列「+++」，數據機就转入命令模式，发送命令挂机。这样处理有一个问题就是。數據機并不真的知道一个字符串是命令还是数据。已知的解决方法，例如，可以使用转义字符来解决连续「+++」的情况。 </p><p>自1200 bps開始，在这里<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%87" title="波特率">波特</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%87" title="比特率">位元每秒</a>有所区别的系統被实作出來。波特指的是系统的信号速率，300 bps的數據機每个信号发送1位数据，所以数据速率和信号速率是一致的。1200 bps的系统就不是这样了，实际數據機工作在600波特。这导致了80年代BBS上一系列的激烈争论。 </p><p>几乎所有的现代數據機都可以作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="傳真機">傳真機</a>使用。1980年代开始的数字化传真只是一种特定的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="圖像格式">图像格式</a>，通过高速數據機（4800/9600/14400 bps）来传送。计算机中的传真软件可以转换任何图像为數據機可以发送的传真格式。这种软件开始曾经需要另外购买，现在已经十分的普遍了。 </p><p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winmodem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winmodem（页面不存在）">Winmodem</a></b>或者<b>软件调制解调器</b>，是一个为<a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>系统简化的數據機，它用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="软件">软件</a>实现了部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="硬件">硬件</a>的功能。在这种情况下计算机内置的声音硬件（声卡）用来产生數據機模拟部分的声音信号。另外的问题就是WinModems因为只能在过于依赖特定操作系统而缺乏灵活性，可能不会被其他操作系统（例如<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>）所支持，因为他们的制造商可能既不支持其他操作系统也不提供足够的技术支持和驱动程序。如果他们的驱动程序没有集成进系统的驱动程序库，后续的微软Windows系统可能也不会（或者不能很好的）支持Winmodem。 </p><p>今天的现代语音數據機（<a href="/wiki/ITU-T" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=V.92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V.92（页面不存在）">V.92</a>标准）已经十分接近公共电话网（<a href="/wiki/PSTN" class="mw-redirect" title="PSTN">PSTN</a>）电话信道的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90" class="mw-redirect" title="香農極限">香农信道容量</a>（Shannon capacity）。它们都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E6%8F%92%E5%8D%B3%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="即插即用">即插即用</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="传真">传真</a>／数据／语音數據機（广播语音信息和录音，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91" class="mw-redirect" title="音频">音频</a>响应）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="无线數據機"><span id=".E6.97.A0.E7.BA.BF.E6.95.B8.E6.93.9A.E6.A9.9F"></span>无线數據機</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：无线數據機"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不同的无线调制解调器有不同的类型，不同的带宽和速度。无线數據機经常分成透明和智能两类。他们传送经过调制到载波频率上的信息，这样有很多无线通讯链路就可以在相同或者不同的无线频率工作。 </p><p>透明數據機运行类似于他们的表亲电话线數據機。典型的，他们是半双工的，这就意味着他们不能同时发送和接受数据。另外典型的特点是，透明數據機循环可以收集位于分散位置而又不容易布设线路的地方的数据。透明數據機一般用于公司有效地汇集数据。 </p><p>智能數據機内置介质访问控制器来避免因冲突和重发引起的未正确接受数据产生随机数据。智能數據機因此较之普通透明數據機需要额外的带宽，特别的还要更多的无线频率带宽。IEEE <a href="/wiki/802.11" class="mw-redirect" title="802.11">802.11</a>标准包含了一个近程调制解调器标准，大规模应用于全球的网络。无线调制解调器被用于<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>或者<a href="/wiki/WiMax" class="mw-redirect" title="WiMax">WiMax</a>标准。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宽带"><span id=".E5.AE.BD.E5.B8.A6"></span>宽带</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：宽带"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T-DSL_Modem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/T-DSL_Modem.jpg/250px-T-DSL_Modem.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/T-DSL_Modem.jpg/375px-T-DSL_Modem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/T-DSL_Modem.jpg/500px-T-DSL_Modem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>DSL 數據機</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZyXEL_P-872H_of_Chunghwa_Telecom_20061015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/ZyXEL_P-872H_of_Chunghwa_Telecom_20061015.jpg/250px-ZyXEL_P-872H_of_Chunghwa_Telecom_20061015.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/ZyXEL_P-872H_of_Chunghwa_Telecom_20061015.jpg/375px-ZyXEL_P-872H_of_Chunghwa_Telecom_20061015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/ZyXEL_P-872H_of_Chunghwa_Telecom_20061015.jpg/500px-ZyXEL_P-872H_of_Chunghwa_Telecom_20061015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/VDSL" title="VDSL">VDSL</a>用戶數據機，光纖到達光化箱（光纖化交接箱）後，轉為VDSL經電話線到達中華電信光世代用戶</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF" title="数字用户线路">DSL</a>（數碼用戶迴路）数据机，是通過銅線或者本地電話網提供數碼連接的一種技術。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a>（非对称用户数字线路）數據機，俗称宽带猫，主要区别在于它不止局限在普通电话使用的语音载波的频段。现在的ADSL數據機使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E8%B0%83%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="编码正交频分调变（页面不存在）">编码正交频分调变</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDSL" title="VDSL">VDSL</a>（超高速數位用戶迴路）數據機，允許用戶端利用現有銅線獲得高頻寬服務，而不必採用光纖，VDSL和<a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a>一樣，</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%BC%86%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="线缆调制解调器">线缆调制解调器</a>（cable modem）使用的是射频（RF）电视频道的一段载波频段。多个线缆數據機可以使用一条电视电缆的相同频段，通过低水平介质访问协议来实现在同一通道共同工作。典型常的“上行”和“下行”信号用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="频分复用">频分复用</a>来隔离。 </p><p>新型的宽带數據機也开始普及了，例如双路<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%BD%91" title="卫星上网">卫星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="電力線通信">電力線调制解调器</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="光学调制解调器"><span id=".E5.85.89.E5.AD.A6.E8.B0.83.E5.88.B6.E8.A7.A3.E8.B0.83.E5.99.A8"></span>光学调制解调器</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：光学调制解调器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>光学调制解调器（英语：Optical modem）或<b>光modem</b>，中國俗称<b>光猫，</b>指通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="光纤">光纤</a>介质传输信号，并将光信号调制解调为其他信号的调制解调器。常见于<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E5%88%B0%E6%88%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="光纤到户">光纤到户</a>的设备。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="互联网访问"><span id=".E4.BA.92.E8.81.94.E7.BD.91.E8.AE.BF.E9.97.AE"></span>互联网访问</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：互联网访问"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>論述以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>，或<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8" title="Talk:调制解调器">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/40px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/60px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/80px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要更新</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年12月16日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請更新本文以反映近況和新增内容。完成修改後請移除本模板。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>提起數據機很多人就会联想到网络访问。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加利福尼亞大學洛杉磯分校">加利福尼亞大學洛杉磯分校</a>於2001年的调查显示81.3%的美国网民使用电话调制解调器，11.5%的网民使用线缆调制解调器，数量远超过其他方法。 </p><p>但是宽带服务的日趋完善给宽带调制解调器提供广阔的市场空间。特别是ADSL在欧洲和亚洲的安装数量一直保持旺盛的增长。1 Mbps以上的连接越来越多的取代窄带的拨号方式。 </p><p>在中国，由于电话线路密集，为避免干扰，通讯电缆无法在一根电缆承载过多的ADSL信号。因此电信运营商提供更多的接入方式，例如单纯的IP网络或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="電力線">电力线</a>等，甚至无线手机也加入到接入服务的竞争中。在2024年，中国的主要城市已几乎不再使用传统调制解调器进行互联网接入，而是随着<a href="/wiki/FTTH" title="FTTH">FTTH</a>方式的普及更多使用光纤调制解调器（在中国大陆地区俗称为“光猫”）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参看"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B"></span>参看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="调制">调制</a> (调制技术列表)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%A5%E8%99%9F%E9%80%A3%E7%B7%9A" title="撥號連線">撥號連線</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925233137/http://www.go-gddq.com/upload/2011-09/11091312106681.pdf">辉达家电维修论坛立民家维</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.go-gddq.com/upload/2011-09/11091312106681.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&rft.btitle=%E8%BE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%B5%E7%BB%B4%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B+%E7%AB%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%B4&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.go-gddq.com%2Fupload%2F2011-09%2F11091312106681.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-密60-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-密60_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-密60_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">PCuSER研究室. 密技偷偷報【密】字第陸拾號. PCuSER電腦人文化 (電腦人文化事業股份有限公司). 2011-10-30: 88. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789861993102" title="Special:网络书源/9789861993102"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789861993102</a>. <q>數據機一般被暱稱為「小烏龜」</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8&rft.au=PCuSER%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AE%A4&rft.btitle=%E5%AF%86%E6%8A%80%E5%81%B7%E5%81%B7%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%90%E5%AF%86%E3%80%91%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%AC%E9%99%B8%E6%8B%BE%E8%99%9F&rft.date=2011-10-30&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789861993102&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">蔡慶龍. <a 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title="en:HomePNA"><span lang="en" dir="auto">HomePNA</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="IEEE 1901" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="IEEE 1901"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 1901（页面不存在）">IEEE 1901</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1901" class="extiw" title="en:IEEE 1901"><span lang="en" dir="auto">IEEE 1901</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91" title="综合业务数字网">ISDN</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="同轴电缆多媒体联盟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multimedia over Coax Alliance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E8%BD%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同轴电缆多媒体联盟（页面不存在）">MoCA</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_over_Coax_Alliance" class="extiw" title="en:Multimedia over Coax Alliance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multimedia over Coax Alliance</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%BA%90%E5%85%89%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="无源光网络">PON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="電力線通信">电力线</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E5%B8%A6%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5" title="宽带因特网连接">宽带</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">无线个人局域网</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%89%99" title="藍牙">藍牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%8A%E7%BD%91%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="光照上网技术">Li-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%92" title="無線通用序列匯流排">无线USB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">无线局域网</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">无线广域网</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%A2%9E%E5%BC%B7%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="數位增強無線電話系統">DECT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">EV-DO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96" title="高速封包存取">HSPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E8%BF%9B%E5%BC%8FHSPA" title="演进式HSPA">HSPA+</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="iBurst" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="iBurst"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBurst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBurst（页面不存在）">iBurst</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iBurst" class="extiw" title="en:iBurst"><span lang="en" dir="auto">iBurst</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E6%BC%94%E9%80%B2%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="長期演進技術">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%A4%9A%E7%82%B9%E5%88%86%E5%8F%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="多信道多点分发服务">MMDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E8%BE%A6%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A" title="市辦無線">Muni Wi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%BD%91" title="卫星上网">卫星上网</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="电信" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="Template:電信"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="Template talk:電信"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:電信"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="电信" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="电信">电信</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电信发展史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of telecommunication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电信发展史（页面不存在）">电信历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" class="extiw" title="en:History of telecommunication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of telecommunication</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="信标" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beacon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="信标（页面不存在）">信标</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon" class="extiw" title="en:Beacon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beacon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="广播发展史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of broadcasting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="广播发展史（页面不存在）">广播</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" class="extiw" title="en:History of broadcasting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of broadcasting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电缆保护系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cable protection system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电缆保护系统（页面不存在）">电缆保护系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_protection_system" class="extiw" title="en:Cable protection system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cable protection system</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="有线电视">有线电视</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">通信卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">计算机网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9" title="数据压缩">数据压缩</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="音频编码格式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Audio coding format"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音频编码格式（页面不存在）">音频</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_coding_format" class="extiw" title="en:Audio coding format"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Audio coding format</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E4%BD%99%E5%BC%A6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2" title="离散余弦变换">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9" title="图像压缩">图像</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="视频编码格式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Video coding format"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视频编码格式（页面不存在）">视频</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_coding_format" class="extiw" title="en:Video coding format"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Video coding format</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" title="数字媒体">数字媒体</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网视频" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internet video"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网视频（页面不存在）">互联网视频</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_video" class="extiw" title="en:Internet video"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internet video</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E7%89%87%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99" title="影片分享網站">在线视频平台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="社群媒體">社交媒体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" title="流媒体">流媒体</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="通讯鼓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drums in communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E9%BC%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通讯鼓（页面不存在）">鼓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drums_in_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Drums in communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drums in communication</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃德霍姆定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edholm's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃德霍姆定律（页面不存在）">埃德霍姆定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Edholm's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edholm's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="电报">电报</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="傳真">传真</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回光信号器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heliograph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E5%85%89%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回光信号器（页面不存在）">回光信号器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliograph" class="extiw" title="en:Heliograph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heliograph</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="液压电报机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydraulic telegraph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%B2%E5%8E%8B%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="液压电报机（页面不存在）">液压电报机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph" class="extiw" title="en:Hydraulic telegraph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydraulic telegraph</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="信息时代">信息时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="資訊革命">信息革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="互联网历史">互联网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="大眾媒體">大众传媒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="移动电话历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of mobile phones"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="移动电话历史（页面不存在）">手机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" class="extiw" title="en:History of mobile phones"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of mobile phones</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA" title="智能手机">智能手机</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="光通訊">光通讯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光电报" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Optical telegraph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="光電報">光电报</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_telegraph" class="extiw" title="en:Optical telegraph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Optical telegraph</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%91%BC%E6%A9%9F" title="傳呼機">寻呼机</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光音机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Photophone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光音机（页面不存在）">光音机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophone" class="extiw" title="en:Photophone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Photophone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="预付费手机历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of prepaid mobile phones"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E4%BB%98%E8%B4%B9%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="预付费手机历史（页面不存在）">预付费手机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" class="extiw" title="en:History of prepaid mobile phones"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of prepaid mobile phones</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电台历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of radio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电台历史（页面不存在）">电台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" class="extiw" title="en:History of radio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of radio</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无线电话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radiotelephone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="無線電話">无线电话</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelephone" class="extiw" title="en:Radiotelephone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radiotelephone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">卫星通讯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%AA%9E" title="旗語">旗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93" title="半导体">半导体</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E5%99%A8%E4%BB%B6" title="半导体器件">器件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94%E5%A0%B4%E6%95%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體">MOSEFT</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="晶体管历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the transistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%AE%A1%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="晶体管历史（页面不存在）">晶体管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" class="extiw" title="en:History of the transistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the transistor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%BD%E7%81%AB" title="烽火">烽火</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电信发展史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of telecommunication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电信发展史（页面不存在）">电信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" class="extiw" title="en:History of telecommunication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of telecommunication</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电报传真机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telautograph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E4%BC%A0%E7%9C%9F%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电报传真机（页面不存在）">电报传真机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telautograph" class="extiw" title="en:Telautograph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telautograph</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%82%B3%E6%89%93%E5%AD%97%E6%A9%9F" title="電傳打字機">电传</a> <ul><li>电传打字机</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="电话的历史">电话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E6%A1%88" title="电话案">电话案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B2" title="电视史">电视</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="数字电视">數字電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="网络电视">网络电视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="海底電纜">海底电缆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="视频电话历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of videotelephony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视频电话历史（页面不存在）">视频电话</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" class="extiw" title="en:History of videotelephony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of videotelephony</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="口哨语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Whistled language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E5%93%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="口哨语（页面不存在）">口哨语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistled_language" class="extiw" title="en:Whistled language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Whistled language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="無線通訊">无线革命</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telecom-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/100px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/150px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/200px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">先驱人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳西尔·艾哈迈德 (工程师)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳西尔·艾哈迈德 (工程师)（页面不存在）">纳西尔·艾哈迈德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" class="extiw" title="en:Nasir Ahmed (engineer)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nasir Ahmed (engineer)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" title="埃德温·霍华德·阿姆斯特朗">埃德温·霍华德·阿姆斯特朗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="默罕穆德·阿塔拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohamed M. Atalla"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E7%BD%95%E7%A9%86%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默罕穆德·阿塔拉（页面不存在）">默罕穆德·阿塔拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" class="extiw" title="en:Mohamed M. Atalla"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohamed M. Atalla</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·罗杰·贝尔德">约翰·罗杰·贝尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%98%AD" title="保羅·巴蘭">保羅·巴蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%81" title="约翰·巴丁">约翰·巴丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%8E%84%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔">亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF-%E6%9D%8E" title="蒂姆·伯纳斯-李">蒂姆·伯纳斯-李</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80%C2%B7%E9%92%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF" title="贾格迪什·钱德拉·博斯">贾格迪什·钱德拉·博斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%A1%BF" title="沃尔特·布拉顿">沃尔特·布拉顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB" title="文頓·瑟夫">文頓·瑟夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE" title="克洛德·沙普">克洛德·沙普</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Yogen Dalal" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yogen K Dalal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogen_Dalal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogen Dalal（页面不存在）">约根·达拉勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogen_K_Dalal" class="extiw" title="en:Yogen K Dalal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yogen K Dalal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐纳德·戴维斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donald Davies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐纳德·戴维斯（页面不存在）">唐纳德·戴维斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davies" class="extiw" title="en:Donald Davies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donald Davies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%AF%8C%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="李·德富雷斯特">李·德富雷斯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF" title="費羅·法恩斯沃斯">費羅·法恩斯沃斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%94" title="范信達">范信達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%99%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="以利沙·格雷">以利沙·格雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E7%B6%AD%E5%A1%9E" title="奧利弗·黑維塞">奧利弗·黑維塞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃尔纳·施奈德·胡佛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Erna Schneider Hoover"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E5%A5%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃尔纳·施奈德·胡佛（页面不存在）">埃尔纳·施奈德·胡佛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" class="extiw" title="en:Erna Schneider Hoover"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Erna Schneider Hoover</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈罗德·霍普金斯 (物理学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈罗德·霍普金斯 (物理学家)（页面不存在）">哈罗德·霍普金斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" class="extiw" title="en:Harold Hopkins (physicist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Harold Hopkins (physicist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网先驱列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Internet pioneers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网先驱列表（页面不存在）">互联网先驱列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Internet pioneers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Internet pioneers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%81%A9" title="罗伯特·卡恩">罗伯特·卡恩</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="姜大元" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dawon Kahng"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姜大元（页面不存在）">姜大元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" class="extiw" title="en:Dawon Kahng"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dawon Kahng</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%8C%95" title="高錕">高錕</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳林德·辛格·卡帕尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Narinder Singh Kapany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳林德·辛格·卡帕尼（页面不存在）">纳林德·辛格·卡帕尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" class="extiw" title="en:Narinder Singh Kapany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Narinder Singh Kapany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%9B" title="海蒂·拉玛">海蒂·拉玛</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因诺琴佐·曼泽蒂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Innocenzo Manzetti"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E8%AF%BA%E7%90%B4%E4%BD%90%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%B3%BD%E8%92%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因诺琴佐·曼泽蒂（页面不存在）">因诺琴佐·曼泽蒂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" class="extiw" title="en:Innocenzo Manzetti"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Innocenzo Manzetti</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%88%97%E5%B0%94%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B0%BC" title="古列尔莫·马可尼">古列尔莫·马可尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%AB" title="罗伯特·梅特卡夫">罗伯特·梅特卡夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E9%BD%8A" title="安東尼奧·穆齊">安東尼奧·穆齊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BE%A4%E6%BD%A4%E4%B8%80" title="西澤潤一">西澤潤一</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉迪亚·佩尔曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radia Perlman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉迪亚·佩尔曼（页面不存在）">拉迪亚·佩尔曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_Perlman" class="extiw" title="en:Radia Perlman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radia Perlman</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8D%B7%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB" title="亚历山大·斯捷潘诺维奇·波波夫">亚历山大·波波夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·菲利普·赖斯">约翰·菲利普·赖斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C" title="克劳德·香农">克劳德·香农</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利·萨顿 (发明家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henry Sutton (inventor)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E9%A1%BF_(%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·萨顿 (发明家)（页面不存在）">亨利·萨顿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" class="extiw" title="en:Henry Sutton (inventor)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henry Sutton (inventor)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" title="尼古拉·特斯拉">尼古拉·特斯拉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡米耶·蒂索" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Camille Tissot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E7%B4%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡米耶·蒂索（页面不存在）">卡米耶·蒂索</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Tissot" class="extiw" title="en:Camille Tissot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Camille Tissot</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔弗雷德·韦尔">阿尔弗雷德·韦尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A" title="查爾斯·惠斯通">查爾斯·惠斯通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BD%90%E5%88%A9%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="弗拉基米尔·佐利金">弗拉基米尔·佐利金</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="传输介质">传输介质</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%BD%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86" title="同轴电缆">同轴电缆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%96%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="光纖通訊">光纤通信</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B0%8E%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" title="光導纖維">光纤</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%85%89%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="自由空間光通信">自由空間光通信</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分子通信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Molecular communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子通信（页面不存在）">分子通信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Molecular communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Molecular communication</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">无线电波</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="無線通訊">无线通信</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E7%BA%BF" title="传输线">传输线</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="数据传输线路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Data transmission circuit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数据传输线路（页面不存在）">数据线路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmission_circuit" class="extiw" title="en:Data transmission circuit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Data transmission circuit</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电信线路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telecommunication circuit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电信线路（页面不存在）">电信线路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" class="extiw" title="en:Telecommunication circuit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telecommunication circuit</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="网络拓扑">网络拓扑</a><br />与交换</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA)" title="带宽 (计算机)">带宽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF" title="通信链路">通信鏈路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9_(%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C)" title="节点 (电信网络)">节点</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="终端 (电信网络)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terminal (telecommunication)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF_(%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="终端 (电信网络)（页面不存在）">终端</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" class="extiw" title="en:Terminal (telecommunication)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terminal (telecommunication)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E5%99%A8" title="網路交換器">交换器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2" title="电路交换">电路交换</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2" title="分组交换">分组交换</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2" title="电信交换">电信交换</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="多路复用">多路复用</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E5%9D%80" title="空分多址">空分多址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="频分多路复用">频分多路复用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8" title="时分多路复用">时分多路复用</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="偏振分多路复用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polarization-division multiplexing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="偏振分多路复用（页面不存在）">偏振分多路复用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" class="extiw" title="en:Polarization-division multiplexing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polarization-division multiplexing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轨道角动量多路复用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轨道角动量多路复用（页面不存在）">轨道角动量多路复用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital angular momentum multiplexing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orbital angular momentum multiplexing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%80%B2%E6%8E%A5" title="分碼多重進接">码分多址</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="电信网络">电信网络</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E7%AA%9D%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="蜂窝网络">蜂窝网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">计算机网络</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CYCLADES" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CYCLADES"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYCLADES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYCLADES（页面不存在）">CYCLADES</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYCLADES" class="extiw" title="en:CYCLADES"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CYCLADES</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="以太网">以太网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二代互联网" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internet2"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二代互联网（页面不存在）">二代互联网</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet2" class="extiw" title="en:Internet2"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internet2</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91" title="综合业务数字网">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91" title="局域网">局域网</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="移动通讯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mobile telephony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="移动通讯（页面不存在）">移动通讯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" class="extiw" title="en:Mobile telephony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mobile telephony</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="下一代网络">下一代网络</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="NPL网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NPL network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPL%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NPL网络（页面不存在）">NPL网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPL_network" class="extiw" title="en:NPL network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NPL network</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%91" title="公共交换电话网">公共交换电话网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0%E7%B6%B2" title="電台網">电台网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE" title="通訊裝置">通信设备</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E8%81%AF%E6%92%AD%E7%B6%B2" title="電視聯播網">电视网</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电传机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telex"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电传机（页面不存在）">电传机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telex" class="extiw" title="en:Telex"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telex</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91" title="广域网">广域网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="无线网络">无线网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="万维网">万维网</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" 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