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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambient intelligence</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="ذكاء محيطي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذكاء محيطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Ftraf_m%C3%BChit_intellekti" title="Ətraf mühit intellekti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ətraf mühit intellekti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Заобикаляща интелигентност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Заобикаляща интелигентност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_intelligence" title="Ambient intelligence – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ambient intelligence" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_Intelligence" title="Ambient Intelligence – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ambient Intelligence" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="هوش محیطی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوش محیطی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_ambiante" title="Intelligence ambiante – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Intelligence ambiante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%9C%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%A7%80%EB%8A%A5" title="생활환경지능 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생활환경지능" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="परिवेशी बुद्धि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परिवेशी बुद्धि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligenza_ambientale" title="Intelligenza ambientale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intelligenza ambientale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Қоршаған интеллект – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қоршаған интеллект" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Опкружувачка интелигенција – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Опкружувачка интелигенција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_intelligens" title="Ambient intelligens – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ambient intelligens" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelig%C3%AAncia_ambiental" title="Inteligência ambiental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inteligência ambiental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Окружающий интеллект – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окружающий интеллект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_intelligence" title="Ambient intelligence – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ambient intelligence" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambientalna_inteligenca" title="Ambientalna inteligenca – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ambientalna inteligenca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_intelligens" title="Ambient intelligens – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ambient intelligens" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Оточуючий інтелект – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оточуючий інтелект" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/AMI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="AMI (disambiguation)">AMI (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_computer_1960-2010-fr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Evolution_computer_1960-2010-fr.jpg/220px-Evolution_computer_1960-2010-fr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Evolution_computer_1960-2010-fr.jpg/330px-Evolution_computer_1960-2010-fr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Evolution_computer_1960-2010-fr.jpg/440px-Evolution_computer_1960-2010-fr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>An (expected) evolution of computing from 1960 to 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ambient intelligence</b> (<b>AmI</b>) refers to environments with electronic devices that are aware of and can recognize the presence of human beings and adapt accordingly. This concept encompasses various technologies in <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a>, telecommunications, and computing. Its primary purpose is to enhance user interactions through context-aware systems. </p><p>AmI aims to create environments where devices communicate seamlessly with users, leveraging data from interconnected systems. A common example of Aml is the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> (IoT), which integrates everyday devices into networks that provide intelligent responses based on user behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "ambient intelligence" was coined in the late 1990s by <a href="/wiki/Eli_Zelkha" title="Eli Zelkha">Eli Zelkha</a> and his team at <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a> Ventures. The project envisioned a future where technology would seamlessly blend with daily life.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 2000s, the concept gained further attention when the Information Society and Technology Advisory Group (ISTAG) of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> published a series of reports on the topic.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ambient intelligence has been characterized as a speculative or imaginary concept.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of ambient intelligence builds upon <a href="/wiki/Pervasive_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Pervasive computing">pervasive computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing" title="Ubiquitous computing">ubiquitous computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Profiling_(information_science)" title="Profiling (information science)">profiling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Context_awareness" title="Context awareness">context awareness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human-centered_computing" title="Human-centered computing">human-centered computer</a> interaction design. It is characterized by systems and technologies that are:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded</a>: Networked devices are integrated into their environment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_(human%E2%80%93computer_interaction)" title="Transparency (human–computer interaction)">Transparent</a>: The devices themselves are invisible to users, providing unobtrusive interaction.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_awareness" title="Context awareness">Context aware</a>: The devices can sense people and their situations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalization" title="Personalization">Personalized</a>: They can be tailored to meet the user's needs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_behavior" title="Adaptive behavior">Adaptive</a>: They are capable of changing in response to human use.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticipation_(artificial_intelligence)" title="Anticipation (artificial intelligence)">Anticipatory</a>: They can calculate a user's preferences based on their past behavior.</li></ul> <p>The implementation of ambient intelligence requires several technologies to exist. These include hidden hardware that benefit from <a href="/wiki/Miniaturization" title="Miniaturization">miniaturisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smart_device" title="Smart device">smart devices</a>, along with human-centered computer interfaces (<a href="/wiki/Intelligent_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent agents">intelligent agents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multimodal_interaction" title="Multimodal interaction">multimodal interaction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Context_awareness" title="Context awareness">context awareness</a>, etc.). These systems and devices operate through a seamless mobile or fixed communication and computing infrastructure characterized by <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperability</a>, wired and <a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a> networks, and <a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">service-oriented architecture</a>. Systems and devices must also be dependable and secure. This could be achieved through self-testing and self-repairing software and <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>-ensuring technology. </p><p>Ambient intelligence has a relationship with and depends on advances in <a href="/wiki/Sensor" title="Sensor">sensor technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sensor_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensor networks">sensor networks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>User experience became more important to developers in the late 1990s as a result of experiences with digital products that were difficult to understand or use. In response, <a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">user experience design</a> emerged to create new technologies and media around the user's personal experience. Ambient intelligence is influenced by <a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">user-centered design</a>, in which the user is placed in the centre of design activity and gives feedback to the designer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_invention">History and invention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and invention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, the management board of <a href="/wiki/Philips_Natuurkundig_Laboratorium" title="Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium">Philips Research</a> commissioned a series of presentations and internal workshops organized by <a href="/wiki/Eli_Zelkha" title="Eli Zelkha">Eli Zelkha</a> and Brian Epstein of Palo Alto Ventures. They investigated future scenarios and how consumer devices might advance over the next quarter-century. Zelkha and Epstein described the high-volume consumer electronics industry of the 1990s as "fragmented with features", contrasted by what they envisioned as the emergence of industry trends where user-friendly devices would support ubiquitous information, communication, and entertainment by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the term "ambient intelligence" was coined. </p><p>While developing the ambient intelligence concept, Palo Alto Ventures created the keynote address for <a href="/wiki/Roel_Pieper" title="Roel Pieper">Roel Pieper</a> of Philips for the Digital Living Room Conference of 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included Eli Zelkha, Brian Epstein, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Birrell" title="Simon Birrell">Simon Birrell</a>, Doug Randall and Clark Dodsworth. In 2000, there were plans to construct a feasible and usable facility dedicated to ambient intelligence; these led to the opening of HomeLab on April 24, 2002. In 2005, Philips joined the Oxygen Alliance, an international consortium of industrial partners within the context of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT's</a> Oxygen Project,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was aimed at developing technology for the computer of the 21st century. </p><p>In parallel to the development of the concept and vision of "ambient intelligence" at Philips, several other initiatives were also starting to explore the concept of ambient intelligence. Following the advice of the Information Society and Technology Advisory Group (<a href="/wiki/ISTAG" class="mw-redirect" title="ISTAG">ISTAG</a>), the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> used the vision for the launch of their sixth framework (FP6) in Information, Society and Technology, with a budget of 3.7 billion euros.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first decade of the 21st century, several significant initiatives were launched. The <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_Society" title="Fraunhofer Society">Fraunhofer Society</a> started several such activities, including multimedia, <a href="/wiki/Microsystem" title="Microsystem">micro-system</a> design, and augmented spaces. <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> started an ambient intelligence research group at their Media Lab.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several more research projects were started in countries such as the United States, Canada, Spain, France, and the Netherlands. Since 2004, the European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI) and many other conferences have been held that address special topics in ambient intelligence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_and_political_aspects">Social and political aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social and political aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Framework_Programmes_for_Research_and_Technological_Development" title="Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development">Europe's ISTAG</a> suggests that society may be encouraged to use ambient intelligence if AmI projects are able to meet the following criteria:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Facilitate human contact.</li> <li>Are oriented towards community and cultural enhancement.</li> <li>Help to build knowledge and skills for work, better quality of work, citizenship, and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_choice" title="Consumer choice">consumer choice</a>.</li> <li>Inspire trust and confidence.</li> <li>Are consistent with long-term personal, societal, and environmental sustainability and with lifelong learning.</li> <li>Are made easy to live with and control by ordinary people.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technologies">Technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of technologies can be used to enable ambient intelligence environments, such as:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGassonWarwick2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGassonWarwick2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Low_Energy" title="Bluetooth Low Energy">Bluetooth Low Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">RFID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_implant_(human)" title="Microchip implant (human)">Microchip implant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor" title="Sensor">Sensors</a>: ambient light sensors (<a href="/wiki/Photodetector" title="Photodetector">photodetectors</a>), <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proximity_sensor" title="Proximity sensor">proximity sensors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Motion_detector" title="Motion detector">motion detectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_agent" title="Software agent">Software agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_computing" title="Affective computing">Affective computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">Biometrics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ambient intelligence concept is subject to criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambient intelligence can be immersive, personalized, context-aware, and anticipatory. These characteristics bring up societal, political, and cultural concerns about the loss of <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>. Proponents of AmI argue that applications of ambient intelligence can function without necessarily reducing privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics also discuss the potential for concentrations of power in large organisations; a fragmented, decreasingly private society; and <a href="/wiki/Hyperreality" title="Hyperreality">hyper-real</a> environments where the virtual is indistinguishable from the real.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several research groups and communities have investigated the socioeconomic, political, and cultural aspects of ambient intelligence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance_in_fiction">Appearance in fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Appearance in fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a></i>, 1979 novel by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a>: The doors have emotion and express this when people use them.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a></i>, 1995 novel by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a>: It depicts a world completely changed by the full development of <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a> that is present everywhere.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)" title="Minority Report (film)"><i>Minority Report</i> (2002 film)</a>: One scene illustrates adaptive advertising where the future-consumers are identified via retinal scans and receive targeted ads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2002_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2002-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Her_(2013_film)" title="Her (2013 film)">Her</a></i> (2013 film): The opening scene depicts the protagonist commuting home. Upon arriving, the various lights throughout the apartment are turned on as the character moves through the rooms (<a href="/wiki/Lighting_control_system" title="Lighting control system">automated lighting control</a>). A later scene shows that an artificial entity can also control these systems, changing a song in the background to lighten a situation and for humorous effect.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_awareness" title="Ambient awareness">Ambient awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_IoT" title="Ambient IoT">Ambient IoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_media" title="Ambient media">Ambient media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_agent" title="Autonomous agent">Autonomous agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_awareness" title="Context awareness">Context awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context-aware_pervasive_systems" title="Context-aware pervasive systems">Context-aware pervasive systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg" title="Cyborg">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embodied_agent" title="Embodied agent">Embodied agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_artificial_intelligence" title="Friendly artificial intelligence">Friendly artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_agent" title="Intelligent agent">Intelligent agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_control" title="Intelligent control">Intelligent control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_of_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edge_computing" title="Edge computing">Edge computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">Mobile computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-agent_system" title="Multi-agent system">Multi-agent system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PositiveID" class="mw-redirect" title="PositiveID">PositiveID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor" title="Sensor">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart,_connected_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart, connected products">Smart, connected products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_agent" title="Software agent">Software agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_bot" title="Software bot">Software bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_contextual_awareness" title="Spatial contextual awareness">Spatial contextual awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing" title="Ubiquitous computing">Ubiquitous computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network" title="Wireless sensor network">Wireless sensor network</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ercim.eu/publication/Ercim_News/enw47/bielikova.html">"Ambient Intelligence within a Home Environment"</a>. <i>www.ercim.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ercim.eu&rft.atitle=Ambient+Intelligence+within+a+Home+Environment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ercim.eu%2Fpublication%2FErcim_News%2Fenw47%2Fbielikova.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArribas-Ayllon" class="citation journal cs1">Arribas-Ayllon, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1080720">"Ambient Intelligence: an innovation narrative"</a>. <i>Lancs.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancs.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Ambient+Intelligence%3A+an+innovation+narrative&rft.aulast=Arribas-Ayllon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1080720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAartsEncarnação2006" class="citation book cs1">Aarts, Emile H. L.; Encarnação, José Luis (13 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JfeAlyQX4gYC&q=pieper+digital+living+room&pg=PA6"><i>True Visions: The Emergence of Ambient Intelligence</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540289746" title="Special:BookSources/9783540289746"><bdi>9783540289746</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+Visions%3A+The+Emergence+of+Ambient+Intelligence&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006-12-13&rft.isbn=9783540289746&rft.aulast=Aarts&rft.aufirst=Emile+H.+L.&rft.au=Encarna%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJfeAlyQX4gYC%26q%3Dpieper%2Bdigital%2Bliving%2Broom%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNolinOlson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Nolin, Jan; Olson, Nasrine (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273316307">"The Internet of Things and Convenience (PDF Download Available)"</a>. <i>Internet Research</i>. <b>26</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">360–</span>376. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FIntR-03-2014-0082">10.1108/IntR-03-2014-0082</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+Research&rft.atitle=The+Internet+of+Things+and+Convenience+%28PDF+Download+Available%29&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E360-%3C%2Fspan%3E376&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FIntR-03-2014-0082&rft.aulast=Nolin&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Olson%2C+Nasrine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F273316307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://semiengineering.com/kc/knowledge_center/Ambient-Intelligence/186">"Ambient Intelligence Knowledge Center .: SemiEngineering.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ambient+Intelligence+Knowledge+Center+.%3A+SemiEngineering.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsemiengineering.com%2Fkc%2Fknowledge_center%2FAmbient-Intelligence%2F186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelena_RodriguesNuno_OteroRui_José" class="citation journal cs1">Helena Rodrigues; Nuno Otero; Rui José. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.jucs.org/article/29704/">"Ambient Intelligence: Beyond the Inspiring Vision"</a>. <i>Journal of Universal Computer Science</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3217%2FJUCS-016-12-1480">10.3217/JUCS-016-12-1480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Universal+Computer+Science&rft.atitle=Ambient+Intelligence%3A+Beyond+the+Inspiring+Vision&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3217%2FJUCS-016-12-1480&rft.au=Helena+Rodrigues&rft.au=Nuno+Otero&rft.au=Rui+Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.jucs.org%2Farticle%2F29704%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Epstein, Digital Living Room Conference Keynote 1998, (17 June 1998: revised script) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://epstein.org/ambient-intelligence/">https://epstein.org/ambient-intelligence/</a> accessed 14/12/17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCookAugustoJakkula2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diane_J._Cook" title="Diane J. Cook">Cook, Diane J.</a>; Augusto, Juan C.; Jakkula, Vikramaditya R. (2009-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157411920900025X">"Ambient intelligence: Technologies, applications, and opportunities"</a>. <i>Pervasive and Mobile Computing</i>. <b>5</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">277–</span>298. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pmcj.2009.04.001">10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.04.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1574-1192">1574-1192</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2751401">2751401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pervasive+and+Mobile+Computing&rft.atitle=Ambient+intelligence%3A+Technologies%2C+applications%2C+and+opportunities&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E277-%3C%2Fspan%3E298&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2751401%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1574-1192&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pmcj.2009.04.001&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Diane+J.&rft.au=Augusto%2C+Juan+C.&rft.au=Jakkula%2C+Vikramaditya+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS157411920900025X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlsonNolinNelhans2015" class="citation journal cs1">Olson, Nasrine; Nolin, Jan; Nelhans, Gustaf (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:845301/FULLTEXT02">"Semantic web, ubiquitous computing, or internet of things? A macro-analysis of scholarly publications"</a>. <i>Journal of Documentation</i>. <b>71</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">884–</span>916. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FJD-03-2013-0033">10.1108/JD-03-2013-0033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Documentation&rft.atitle=Semantic+web%2C+ubiquitous+computing%2C+or+internet+of+things%3F+A+macro-analysis+of+scholarly+publications&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E884-%3C%2Fspan%3E916&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FJD-03-2013-0033&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Nasrine&rft.au=Nolin%2C+Jan&rft.au=Nelhans%2C+Gustaf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diva-portal.org%2Fsmash%2Fget%2Fdiva2%3A845301%2FFULLTEXT02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAartsEncarnação2006" class="citation book cs1">Aarts, Emile H. L.; Encarnação, José Luis (13 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JfeAlyQX4gYC&q=roel+pieper+ambient+intelligence&pg=PA6"><i>True Visions: The Emergence of Ambient Intelligence</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540289746" title="Special:BookSources/9783540289746"><bdi>9783540289746</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+Visions%3A+The+Emergence+of+Ambient+Intelligence&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006-12-13&rft.isbn=9783540289746&rft.aulast=Aarts&rft.aufirst=Emile+H.+L.&rft.au=Encarna%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJfeAlyQX4gYC%26q%3Droel%2Bpieper%2Bambient%2Bintelligence%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxygen.lcs.mit.edu">"MIT Project Oxygen"</a>. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MIT+Project+Oxygen&rft.pub=Computer+Science+and+Artificial+Intelligence+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxygen.lcs.mit.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDucatelBogdanowiczScapoloLeijten2001" class="citation book cs1">Ducatel, Ken; Bogdanowicz, Mark; Scapolo, Fabiana; Leijten, Jos (January 2001). <i>Scenarios for ambient intelligence in 2010, final report</i>. IPTS-Seville.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scenarios+for+ambient+intelligence+in+2010%2C+final+report&rft.pub=IPTS-Seville&rft.date=2001-01&rft.aulast=Ducatel&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Bogdanowicz%2C+Mark&rft.au=Scapolo%2C+Fabiana&rft.au=Leijten%2C+Jos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510050536/http://ambient.media.mit.edu/">"Fluid Interfaces Group"</a>. MIT Media Lab. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ambient.media.mit.edu/">the original</a> on 2012-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fluid+Interfaces+Group&rft.pub=MIT+Media+Lab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fambient.media.mit.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurzagliEmilianiAntonaStephanidis2022" class="citation journal cs1">Burzagli, Laura; Emiliani, Pier Luigi; Antona, Margherita; Stephanidis, Constantine (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7956403">"Intelligent environments for all: a path towards technology-enhanced human well-being"</a>. <i>Universal Access in the Information Society</i>. <b>21</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">437–</span>456. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10209-021-00797-0">10.1007/s10209-021-00797-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1615-5289">1615-5289</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7956403">7956403</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33746688">33746688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Universal+Access+in+the+Information+Society&rft.atitle=Intelligent+environments+for+all%3A+a+path+towards+technology-enhanced+human+well-being&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E437-%3C%2Fspan%3E456&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7956403%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1615-5289&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33746688&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10209-021-00797-0&rft.aulast=Burzagli&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Emiliani%2C+Pier+Luigi&rft.au=Antona%2C+Margherita&rft.au=Stephanidis%2C+Constantine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7956403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGassonWarwick2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGassonWarwick2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGassonWarwick2013">Gasson & Warwick 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, David Wright, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald, et al., <i>Safeguards in a World of Ambient Intelligence</i>, Springer, Dordrecht, 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHildebrandtKoops2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hildebrandt, Mireille; Koops, Bert-Jaap (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/1248058/Koops_The_Challenges_of_Ambient_Law_100712.pdf">"The Challenges of Ambient Law and Legal Protection in the Profiling Era"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Modern Law Review</i>. <b>73</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">428–</span>460. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.2010.00806.x">10.1111/j.1468-2230.2010.00806.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7961">0026-7961</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40660735">40660735</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55400364">55400364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Challenges+of+Ambient+Law+and+Legal+Protection+in+the+Profiling+Era&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E428-%3C%2Fspan%3E460&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0026-7961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55400364%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40660735%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.2010.00806.x&rft.aulast=Hildebrandt&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft.au=Koops%2C+Bert-Jaap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.uvt.nl%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F1248058%2FKoops_The_Challenges_of_Ambient_Law_100712.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLopezPedrazaCarbóMolina2014" class="citation book cs1">Lopez, Mar; Pedraza, Juanita; Carbó, Javier; Molina, José (2014-06-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286645575">"Ambient Intelligence: Applications and Privacy Policies"</a>. <i>Highlights of Practical Applications of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems. The PAAMS Collection</i>. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 430. pp. <span class="nowrap">191–</span>201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-07767-3_18">10.1007/978-3-319-07767-3_18</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10016%2F27593">10016/27593</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-07766-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-07766-6"><bdi>978-3-319-07766-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ambient+Intelligence%3A+Applications+and+Privacy+Policies&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+Practical+Applications+of+Heterogeneous+Multi-Agent+Systems.+The+PAAMS+Collection&rft.series=Communications+in+Computer+and+Information+Science&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10016%2F27593&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-07767-3_18&rft.isbn=978-3-319-07766-6&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Mar&rft.au=Pedraza%2C+Juanita&rft.au=Carb%C3%B3%2C+Javier&rft.au=Molina%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F286645575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStreitzCharitosKapteinBöhlen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Streitz, Norbert; Charitos, Dimitris; Kaptein, Maurits; Böhlen, Marc (2019-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3233%2FAIS-180507">"Grand challenges for ambient intelligence and implications for design contexts and innovative societies"</a>. <i>Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments</i>. <b>11</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">87–</span>107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3233%2FAIS-180507">10.3233/AIS-180507</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1876-1364">1876-1364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ambient+Intelligence+and+Smart+Environments&rft.atitle=Grand+challenges+for+ambient+intelligence+and+implications+for+design+contexts+and+innovative+societies&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E107&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3233%2FAIS-180507&rft.issn=1876-1364&rft.aulast=Streitz&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rft.au=Charitos%2C+Dimitris&rft.au=Kaptein%2C+Maurits&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlen%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3233%252FAIS-180507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clickz.com/no-ads-on-orkut-but-apps-may-come/88217/">"No Ads on Orkut, but Come"</a>. <i>ClickZ</i>. 2007-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ClickZ&rft.atitle=No+Ads+on+Orkut%2C+but+Come&rft.date=2007-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickz.com%2Fno-ads-on-orkut-but-apps-may-come%2F88217%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2002-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2002_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2002">Parker 2002</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZelkhaEpsteinBirrellDodsworth1998" class="citation cs2">Zelkha, Eli; Epstein, Brian; Birrell, Simon; Dodsworth, Clark (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epstein.org/brian/ambient_intelligence/DLR%20Final%20Internal.ppt">"From Devices to "Ambient Intelligence"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>, <i>Digital Living Room Conference</i> (published June 1998)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Living+Room+Conference&rft.atitle=From+Devices+to+%22Ambient+Intelligence%22&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Zelkha&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Brian&rft.au=Birrell%2C+Simon&rft.au=Dodsworth%2C+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epstein.org%2Fbrian%2Fambient_intelligence%2FDLR%2520Final%2520Internal.ppt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAartsHarwigSchuurmans2007" class="citation cs2">Aarts, Emile; Harwig, Rick; Schuurmans, Martin (2007), <i>chapter "Ambient Intelligence" in The Invisible Future: The Seamless Integration Of Technology Into Everyday Life</i>, McGraw-Hill Companies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=chapter+%22Ambient+Intelligence%22+in+The+Invisible+Future%3A+The+Seamless+Integration+Of+Technology+Into+Everyday+Life&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Companies&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Aarts&rft.aufirst=Emile&rft.au=Harwig%2C+Rick&rft.au=Schuurmans%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAartsMarzano2003" class="citation cs2">Aarts, Emile; Marzano, Stefano (2003), <i>The New Everyday: Visions of Ambient Intelligence</i>, 010 Publishers</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Everyday%3A+Visions+of+Ambient+Intelligence&rft.pub=010+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Aarts&rft.aufirst=Emile&rft.au=Marzano%2C+Stefano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBielikováKrajcovic2001" class="citation cs2">Bieliková, Mária; Krajcovic, Tibor (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw47/bielikova.html">"Ambient Intelligence within a Home Environment"</a>, <i>ERCIM News</i> (47) (published October 2001)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ERCIM+News&rft.atitle=Ambient+Intelligence+within+a+Home+Environment&rft.issue=47&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bielikov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1ria&rft.au=Krajcovic%2C+Tibor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ercim.org%2Fpublication%2FErcim_News%2Fenw47%2Fbielikova.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParker2002" class="citation cs2">Parker, Pamela (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clickz.com/1369861">"Interactive Ads Play Big Role in "Minority Report"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>, <i>ClickZ</i> (published June 21, 2002)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ClickZ&rft.atitle=Interactive+Ads+Play+Big+Role+in+%22Minority+Report%22&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickz.com%2F1369861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGassonWarwick2013" class="citation cs2">Gasson, Mark; <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick">Warwick, Kevin</a> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fidis.net/resources/deliverables/hightechid/#c1869">"D12.2: Study on Emerging AmI Technologies"</a>, <i>FIDIS Deliverables</i>, <b>12</b> (2)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FIDIS+Deliverables&rft.atitle=D12.2%3A+Study+on+Emerging+AmI+Technologies&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Gasson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Warwick%2C+Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fidis.net%2Fresources%2Fdeliverables%2Fhightechid%2F%23c1869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbient+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_intelligence&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100502010645/http://www.ambientmediaassociation.org/">SAME Series</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> – Semantic Ambient Media Series Workshop.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cindy.informatik.uni-bremen.de/cosy/stami/">STAMI Series</a> – Space, Time and Ambient Intelligence (STAMI). International Workshop Series.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313133421/http://sensami.snic.nl/ambient.php">Sensami</a> – a congress on ambient intelligence.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116032033/http://www.infj.ulst.ac.uk/~jcaug/aitami08.htm">AITAmI</a> – Workshop on "Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence".</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iospress.nl/journal/journal-of-ambient-intelligence-and-smart-environments/">JAISE</a> – The International Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1876-1364">1876-1364</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718000915/http://www.infj.ulst.ac.uk/~jcaug/FlyerAISE.pdf">AISE</a> – Book Series on Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-o-t.org/">I-o-T.org</a> – Internet of Things: mainly based on Ambient intelligence.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ami-conferences.org/">AmI</a> – International Joint Conferences on Ambient Intelligent.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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intelligence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ambient_intelligence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ambient intelligence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ambient_intelligence78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ambient intelligence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_IoT" title="Ambient IoT">Ambient IoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_awareness" title="Context awareness">Context awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_ecology" title="Device ecology">Device ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_hyperlinking" title="Object hyperlinking">Object hyperlinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiling_(information_science)" title="Profiling (information science)">Profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spime" title="Spime">Spime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing" title="Ubiquitous computing">Ubiquitous computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">Web of Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network" title="Wireless sensor network">Wireless sensor networks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6LoWPAN" title="6LoWPAN">6LoWPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANT%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="ANT+">ANT+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DASH7" title="DASH7">DASH7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4" title="IEEE 802.15.4">IEEE 802.15.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_0" title="Internet 0">Internet 0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_to_machine" title="Machine to machine">Machine to machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartdust" title="Smartdust">Smartdust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBee" title="XBee">XBee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arduino" title="Arduino">Arduino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contiki" title="Contiki">Contiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Gadgeteer" title=".NET Gadgeteer">Gadgeteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IoBridge" title="IoBridge">ioBridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netduino" title="Netduino">Netduino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TinyOS" title="TinyOS">TinyOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiring_(development_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiring (development platform)">Wiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xively" title="Xively">Xively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NodeMCU" title="NodeMCU">NodeMCU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_device" title="Ambient device">Ambient device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CeNSE" title="CeNSE">CeNSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_automation" title="Home automation">Home automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeOS" title="HomeOS">HomeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_refrigerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet refrigerator">Internet refrigerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabaztag" title="Nabaztag">Nabaztag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">Smart city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">Smart TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarter_Planet" title="Smarter Planet">Smarter Planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Ashton" title="Kevin Ashton">Kevin Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Borriello" title="Gaetano Borriello">Gaetano Borriello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Dunkels" title="Adam Dunkels">Adam Dunkels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Marzano" title="Stefano Marzano">Stefano Marzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Norman" title="Don Norman">Don Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roel_Pieper" title="Roel Pieper">Roel Pieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Preishuber-Pfl%C3%BCgl" title="Josef Preishuber-Pflügl">Josef Preishuber-Pflügl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Seely_Brown" title="John Seely Brown">John Seely Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Weiser" title="Mark Weiser">Mark Weiser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_Devices" title="Ambient Devices">Ambient Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmbieSense" title="AmbieSense">AmbieSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework_Programmes_for_Research_and_Technological_Development" title="Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development">Ebbits project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPSO_Alliance" title="IPSO Alliance">IPSO Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emerging_technologies167" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emerging_technologies" title="Template:Emerging technologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emerging_technologies" title="Template talk:Emerging technologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emerging_technologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emerging technologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emerging_technologies167" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Emerging_technologies" title="Emerging technologies">Emerging technologies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">Information and<br />communications</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ambient intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Applications of artificial intelligence">Applications of artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_translation" title="Machine translation">Machine translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_vision" title="Machine vision">Machine vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_translation" title="Mobile translation">Mobile translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_in_artificial_intelligence" title="Progress in artificial intelligence">Progress in artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">Speech recognition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomtronics" title="Atomtronics">Atomtronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_nanotube_field-effect_transistor" title="Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor">Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybermethodology" title="Cybermethodology">Cybermethodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc#Fourth-generation" title="Optical disc">Fourth-generation optical discs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_optical_data_storage" title="3D optical data storage">3D optical data storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_data_storage" title="Holographic data storage">Holographic data storage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units" title="General-purpose computing on graphics processing units">GPGPU</a></li> <li>Memory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_metallization_cell" title="Programmable metallization cell">CBRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_RAM" title="Electrochemical RAM">ECRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferroelectric_RAM" title="Ferroelectric RAM">FRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millipede_memory" title="Millipede memory">Millipede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetoresistive_RAM" title="Magnetoresistive RAM">MRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-RAM" title="Nano-RAM">NRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase-change_memory" title="Phase-change memory">PRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racetrack_memory" title="Racetrack memory">Racetrack memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistive_random-access_memory" title="Resistive random-access memory">RRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SONOS" title="SONOS">SONOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UltraRAM" title="UltraRAM">UltraRAM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_computing" title="Optical computing">Optical computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">RFID</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chipless_RFID" title="Chipless RFID">Chipless RFID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software-defined_radio" title="Software-defined radio">Software-defined radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit" title="Three-dimensional integrated circuit">Three-dimensional integrated circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automation" title="Automation">Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collingridge_dilemma" title="Collingridge dilemma">Collingridge dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_technological_development" title="Differential technological development">Differential technological development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">Disruptive innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeralization" title="Ephemeralization">Ephemeralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" title="Ethics of technology">Ethics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioethics" title="Bioethics">Bioethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberethics" title="Cyberethics">Cyberethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroethics" title="Neuroethics">Neuroethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_ethics" title="Robot ethics">Robot ethics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploratory_engineering" title="Exploratory engineering">Exploratory engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proactionary_principle" title="Proactionary principle">Proactionary principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_change" title="Technological change">Technological change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">Technological unemployment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_convergence" title="Technological convergence">Technological convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_evolution" title="Technological evolution">Technological evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_paradigm" title="Technological paradigm">Technological paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_forecasting" title="Technology forecasting">Technology forecasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerating_change" title="Accelerating 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