CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="mzn" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>جان مایکل کوسترلیتز - ویکی‌پدیا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mznwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","٫\t٬"],"wgDigitTransformTable":[ "0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9\t%","۰\t۱\t۲\t۳\t۴\t۵\t۶\t۷\t۸\t۹\t٪"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ژانویه","فوریه","مارس","آوریل","مه","ژوئن","ژوئیه","آگوست","سپتامبر","اکتبر","نوامبر","دسامبر"],"wgRequestId":"f8d7c4a6-69e8-4f24-a911-c6777eadca43","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"جان_مایکل_کوسترلیتز","wgTitle":"جان مایکل کوسترلیتز","wgCurRevisionId":182575,"wgRevisionId":182575,"wgArticleId":43189,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["مقالاتی که انگلیسی زوون منبع دارنه","خطاهای یادکرد: تاریخ","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P569","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P19", "صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P1477","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P27","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P551","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P69","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P1412","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P6886","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P106","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P108","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P463","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P184","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P856","صفحه‌ئونی که ویکی‌دیتا جه وصلنه","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P166","مقالاتی که اطلاعات جعبه دارنه", "صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P2096","صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P18","فیزیک وسه نوبل بیته‌ئون","بریتانیا فیزیکدون","آمریکا فیزیکدون"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"mzn","wgPageContentLanguage":"mzn","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"جان_مایکل_کوسترلیتز","wgRelevantArticleId":43189,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"mzn","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"mzn"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":1000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1700920","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.yekewarning","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mzn&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=mzn&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mzn&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Jkosterl.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1500"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Jkosterl.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1000"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="جان مایکل کوسترلیتز - ویکی‌پدیا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//mzn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="دچی‌ین" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ویکی‌پدیا (mzn)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//mzn.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.mzn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ویکی‌پدیا ره اتم خه‌راک" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-جان_مایکل_کوسترلیتز rootpage-جان_مایکل_کوسترلیتز skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">پرش به محتوا</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وبگاه"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اصلی رج" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اصلی رج</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اصلی رج</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">پٮتی</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ناوبری </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87" title="گَت ِصفحه ره هارشائن [z]" accesskey="z"><span>گت صفحه</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تازه دچی‌یه‌ئون ره لیست [r]" accesskey="r"><span>تازه دگاردنی‌ئون</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="تازه اخبار ره بخوندِستن"><span>تازه خـَوِرون</span></a></li><li id="n-Portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4"><span>کارورون ِلوش</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%DB%8C" title="اتا شانسی صفحه بَدی‌ین [x]" accesskey="x"><span>شانسی صفحه</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="أتـا جـا کـه..."><span>راهنما</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ویکی‌پدیا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-mzn.svg" style="width: 5.875em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mzn.svg" width="81" height="18" style="width: 5.0625em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%88" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ویکی‌پدیا ره چرخه‌تو [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>چرخه‌تو</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ویکی‌پدیا چرخه‌تو" aria-label="ویکی‌پدیا چرخه‌تو" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ویکی‌پدیا ره چرخه‌تو [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="شا:جستجو"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">چرخ‌ هاییر</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="مه ابزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="نما"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="تغییر ظاهر اندازهٔ قلم، عرض و رنگ صفحه" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="نما" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">نما</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mzn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mzn" class=""><span>پول هدائن</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="شِما ره پیشنهاد کامبی که اتا کاروری حیساب بسازین و لاگین بَواشین؛ البته این کار اختیاری هسته." class=""><span>عضو بیّن</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="شه‌ما به‌ته‌ر هـأسـه که سـیـسـتـه‌م ده‌لـه بـیـه‌ئی، هـرچـأن زوری نـیـه [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دله بموئن</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="گزینه‌های بیشتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="مه ابزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">مه ابزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="منوی کاربری" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mzn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mzn"><span>پول هدائن</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>مشارکت</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="شِما ره پیشنهاد کامبی که اتا کاروری حیساب بسازین و لاگین بَواشین؛ البته این کار اختیاری هسته."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>عضو بیّن</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="شه‌ما به‌ته‌ر هـأسـه که سـیـسـتـه‌م ده‌لـه بـیـه‌ئی، هـرچـأن زوری نـیـه [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دله بموئن</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحه‌هایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87" aria-label="دربارهٔ ویرایش‌کردن بیشتر بدانید"><span>بیشتر بدانید</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%86" title="بحث پیرامون ویرایش‌های این نشانی آی‌پی [n]" accesskey="n"><span>گپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وبگاه"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فهرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فهرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پٮتی</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">لید</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-منابع" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#منابع"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>منابع</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-منابع-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فهرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">جان مایکل کوسترلیتز</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="به مقاله‌ای به یک زبان دیگر بروید. به ۶۱ زبان در دسترس است." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۶۱ زوون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="مايكل كوسترليتز–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل كوسترليتز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="مايكل كوسترليتز–عربی مصری" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل كوسترليتز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="عربی مصری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9C" title="জন মাইকেল কষ্টাৰলিটজ–آسامی" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জন মাইকেল কষ্টাৰলিটজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="آسامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="جان مایکل کوسترلیتز–South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان مایکل کوسترلیتز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86" title="Джон Майкл Костэрліц–بلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Майкл Костэрліц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Майкъл Костерлиц–بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майкъл Костерлиц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%9C" title="মাইকেল কস্টারলিৎজ–بنگالی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল কস্টারলিৎজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–بوسنیایی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–کاتالونی" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz–دانمارکی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John M. Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانمارکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz–ایسپانیولی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ایسپانیولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–استونیایی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="استونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="جان مایکل کوسترلیتز–فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان مایکل کوسترلیتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John M. Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz–گیلی اسکاتلندی" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="گیلی اسکاتلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–گالیک" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A5" title="ג'ון מייקל קוסטרליץ–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון מייקל קוסטרליץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–کرواتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AC_%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81" title="Ջոն Մայքլ Քոսթերլից–ارمنی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Մայքլ Քոսթերլից" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارمنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–ایدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ایدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BBM%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%84" title="ジョン・M・コステリッツ–جاپونی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・M・コステリッツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Джон Костерлиц–قزاقی" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джон Костерлиц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%B8%A0" title="마이클 코스털리츠–کُره‌یی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 코스털리츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کُره‌یی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Ioannes Michael Kosterlitz–لاتین" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Џон Костерлиц–مقدونی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џон Костерлиц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മൈക്കൽ കോസ്റ്റെർലിറ്റ്സ്–مالایالام" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈക്കൽ കോസ്റ്റെർലിറ്റ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالام" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–مالایی" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–پایین آلمانی" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="پایین آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz–نروژی بوکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نروژی بوکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz–اکسیتان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="John M. Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اکسیتان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz–لهستونی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John M. Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="لهستونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz–رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John M. Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Костерлиц, Джон–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Костерлиц, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–اسکاتلندی" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="اسکاتلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz–انگلیسی ساده" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John M. Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی ساده" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–اسلواکی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="اسلواکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Мајкл Костерлиц–صربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мајкл Костерлиц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="صربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz–سواحیلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="John Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சான் கோசுட்டர்லிட்சு–تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சான் கோசுட்டர்லிட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz–ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Җон Майкл Костерлиц–تاتاری" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җон Майкл Костерлиц" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86" title="Джон Костерліц–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Костерліц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="جے مائیکل کوستیلتز–اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جے مائیکل کوستیلتز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz–ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John M. Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%A8" title="约翰·科斯特利茨–وو" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰·科斯特利茨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A5" title="מייקל קאסטערליץ–یدی" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מייקל קאסטערליץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="یدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%A8" title="约翰·科斯特利茨–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·科斯特利茨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz–مین نان" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="J. Michael Kosterlitz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مین نان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%B2" title="哥斯特利茲–کانتونی" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哥斯特利茲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانتونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1700920#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="میون‌ویکی ِلینکون ِدَچی‌ین" class="wbc-editpage">لینکون ِدچی‌ین</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضایِ نوم"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="بدی‌ین ِصفحه [c]" accesskey="c"><span>صفحه</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%BE:%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="این صفحه خَوری گپ بَزوئن (این صفحه دَنی‌یه) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>گپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر گونهٔ زبان" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">مازِرونی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="هارشی‌ئون"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2"><span>بخوندستن</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=edit" title="ویرایش کد مبدأ این صفحه [e]" accesskey="e"><span>دچی‌ین</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=history" title="کهنه دگاردسته‌ئونی که این صفحه دله دکته [h]" accesskey="h"><span>تاریخچه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ابزارهای صفحه"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ابزارون" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ابزارون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ابزارون</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پٮتی</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="گزینه‌های بیشتر" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمل‌ها </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2"><span>بخوندستن</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=edit" title="ویرایش کد مبدأ این صفحه [e]" accesskey="e"><span>دچی‌ین</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=history"><span>تاریخچه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمومی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="همه صفحه‌ئونی که اینجه ره لینک هدانه [j]" accesskey="j"><span>این صفحه ره لینک‌هدائه‌ئون</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" rel="nofollow" title="اِسایی دِگاردسته‌ئون ِصفحه‌ئون که این صفحه جه لینک دارنه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ونه واری دچی‌یه‌ئون</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mzn" title="فایل باربی‌یشتن [u]" accesskey="u"><span>فایل باربی‌یشتن</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87" title="تموم مخصوص صفحه‌ئون ِلیسـت [q]" accesskey="q"><span>مخصوص صفحه‌ئون</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&oldid=182575" title="موندستنی لینک این صفحه ره اینتا محتوا وسّه"><span>بموندستنی لینک</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=info" title="اطلاعات بیشتر دربارهٔ این صفحه"><span>صفحه‌ی ِاطلاعات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF&page=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&id=182575&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="اطلاعات هدائن که این صفحه چتی منبع بیارده"><span>این مقاله‌ی ِمنبع</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D9%2584_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B2"><span>کچیک URL بیتن</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D9%2584_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B2"><span>اینجه QR کُد ره بیتن</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2"><span>کتاب بساتن</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=show-download-screen"><span>دانلود PDF فرمت جه</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&printable=yes" title="پِرینت هـاکاردن صفحه دگاردسته [p]" accesskey="p"><span>پرینت صفحه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> دیگه پروژه‌ئون </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Kosterlitz" hreflang="en"><span>ویکی‌تلمبار</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1700920" title="لینک هدائن دیتای ِآیتم ره [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ویکی‌دیتا ِآیتم</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ابزارهای صفحه"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="نما"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">نما</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">پٮتی</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ویکی‌پدیا، آزادِ دانشنومه، جه</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="mzn" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r169520">.mw-parser-output div.infobox_v3b,.mw-parser-output .mainTable{padding:0px;width:25em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:left;float:left;font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;max-width:325px;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .secTable{border-radius:unset;color:inherit;margin:unset!important;border:unset}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .entete{display:table;height:45px;width:100%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:1.4em;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:10px;background-color:#dfedff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .entete>div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b:not(.large) .entete.icon>div{padding:3px 48px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .images{text-align:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-around;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .images a{max-width:100%;flex:0 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .deux-images a{max-width:48%}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .images img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .legend{font-size:0.9em;text-align:center;margin:5px 0 8px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b table,.mw-parser-output .secTable{width:100%;margin:2px 0;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:separate}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b th[scope="col"]{text-align:center;word-wrap:normal}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b th[scope=row]{text-align:right;padding-right:10px;width:8em;max-width:140px;word-wrap:normal;background-color:#F3F3F3}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b td{padding-top:4px;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b th[scope=row].middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b.bordered th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b.bordered td{padding-bottom:4px;border-top:1px solid #dfedff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b.bordered caption.bordered{margin:0 0 -1px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b tr.left td{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b tr.vborder td{border-left:1px dotted #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b tr.vborder td:first-child{border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b td.data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b tr:first-child ul:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .url{direction:ltr;text-align:left;font-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b caption{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:1.1;margin:0 0 2px 0;padding:4px;background:#dfedff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b p.bloc{margin:5px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b caption.bordered,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b p.bordered{border-top:1px solid #dfedff;border-bottom:1px solid #dfedff;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .bordered.navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .bordered.nav{padding-top:4px;border-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b caption.hidden{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .hr{font-size:1px;line-height:1px;margin:5px 0;background-color:#dfedff;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .hr.collapse{margin:5px 0 -8px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .navbar{text-align:right;font-size:0.8em!important;line-height:1.1;margin:8px 0 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .navbar .plainlinks{float:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .overflow{overflow:hidden;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .prev a,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .prev_bloc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/ArrowRightNavbox.svg/12px-ArrowRightNavbox.svg.png")no-repeat right center;float:right;max-width:70%;padding:3px 18px 3px 3px;text-align:right;background-color:#F3F3F3;margin:3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .next a,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .next_bloc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ArrowLeftNavbox.svg/12px-ArrowLeftNavbox.svg.png")no-repeat left center;float:left;max-width:70%;padding:3px 3px 3px 18px;text-align:left;background-color:#F3F3F3;direction:ltr;margin:3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b table.maillot-equipe td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b table.maillot-equipe{table-layout:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b a.NavToggle{position:unset}.mw-parser-output .mwe-math-mathml-a11y{width:auto!important;height:auto!important}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r169521">.mw-parser-output .entete.aerostat{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Picto_infobox_aerostat.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aikido{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aikido_pictogram.svg/40px-Aikido_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.alpinisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Picto_infobox_alpinisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arbitre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Referee_football_pictogram.svg/35px-Referee_football_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archery_pictogram.svg/35px-Archery_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.archives2{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Picto_infobox_archives.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arduino,.mw-parser-output .entete.electro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Arduino_ftdi_chip-1.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artiste{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Picto_infobox_artiste.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artsmartiauxjap{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Picto_infobox_samourai.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.association{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg/50px-Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.athletisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.audio{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/35px-Gnome-speakernotes.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.auteur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.autogire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Picto_Autogyro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_automobil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Airplane_silhouette_white.svg/40px-Airplane_silhouette_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aviron{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/35px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.badminton{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Badminton_pictogram.svg/35px-Badminton_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.baseball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Baseball_pictogram.svg/35px-Baseball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.basket-ball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_Infobox_Basketball.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Biathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Biathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Picto_infobox_beer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.book,.mw-parser-output .entete.universite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Picto_infobox_book.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.boxe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/35px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.calendrier{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Almanacco.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.camera{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Camera-photo.svg/120px-Camera-photo.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.canada{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Picto_infobox_Canada.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cardinal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_cardinal.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.catch{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Picto_infobox_catch.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chateau{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Picto_infobox_chateau.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chimie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_chemistry_HUN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cinema{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Picto_infobox_cinema.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.commonwealth{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Picto_infobox_Commonwealth.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.communication{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Picto_infobox_antenna.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cyclisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/45px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.deportation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_Infobox_deportation.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.diplomatie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_infobox_ambassade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.disney{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Picto_infobox_Disney.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.droit{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/40px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.drone-civil{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_civil_drone.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.egypte-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Picto_infobox_ancient_Egypt.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Factory_black.png/40px-Factory_black.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise-blanc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Factory_white.png/40px-Factory_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.equitation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/35px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Picto_infobox_escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_infobox_alpinisme-escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escrime{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/35px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.espagne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Picto_Infobox_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.eveque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_bishop.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.factory{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Picto_infobox_enterprise.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.floorball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Floorball_pictogram.svg/35px-Floorball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.fondeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.football{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Infobox_Football_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Picto_infobox_fotbal_2.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footUS{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Picto_Foot_US.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.futsal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Futsal_pictogram.svg/35px-Futsal_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.golf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Golf_pictogram.svg/35px-Golf_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.grappe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Icone_oenobox.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.gymnastique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Handball_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Handball_pictogram.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.helicoptere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Picto_infobox_helicopter.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Picto_Infobox_Ice_hockey.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey-sur-gazon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hospitaliers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_Hospitaliers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.humain{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Picto_infobox_manwoman.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.informatique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Picto-infoboxinfo.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.internet{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Web-browser-openclipart.svg/45px-Web-browser-openclipart.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.israel-judaisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Picto_infobox_israel-judaisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Picto_infobox_Game.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu-role{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Picto_infobox_Jeu_de_rôle.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideo,.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideov3{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg/35px-Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.judo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Judo_pictogram.svg/40px-Judo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.karate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karate_pictogram.svg/40px-Karate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kayak{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kickboxing{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kickboxing_pictogram.svg/40px-Kickboxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.lutte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.macintosh{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Picto_infobox_Macintosh.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.malte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Picto_infobox_Malte.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.medecine{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Picto_infobox_med.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mets{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Picto_infobox_mets.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.militaire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_military.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.money,.mw-parser-output .entete.money_coin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Money_Coin_Icon.svg/40px-Money_Coin_Icon.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-metro,.mw-parser-output .entete.metro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_infobox_Mtl_metro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_Mtl_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.moteur-avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Picto_Infobox_moteur_d%27avion.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mosque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg/35px-Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musee,.mw-parser-output .entete.museum,.mw-parser-output .entete.papyrus{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Picto_infobox_papyrus.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musique,.mw-parser-output .entete.music{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Picto_infobox_music.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.natation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Swimming_pictogram_white.png/35px-Swimming_pictogram_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.nations-unies{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Picto_infobox_UN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.omnisports{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Sport3_icone.svg/35px-Sport3_icone.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.palace{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Pictogram_infobox_palace.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.paralympique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Picto_infobox_Paralympics.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.persofiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Picto_infobox_masks.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.petrole{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_Infobox_Oil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.planeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Picto_infobox_planeur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.plateforme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Picto_Infobox_Oil_Platform.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.poker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.presse{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Picto_infobox_journal-ar.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.pretendant{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Picto_infobox_pr%C3%A9tendant_%C3%A0_un_tr%C3%B4ne.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.projet,.mw-parser-output .entete.project{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Picto_infobox_tools.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.psychologie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Picto_infobox_psycho.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.quebec{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Picto_infobox_Quebec.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.recherche{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Picto_infobox_detective.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rinkhockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rome-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Picto_infobox_Roman_military_banner.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.route{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Infobox_road_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugby{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Picto_Infobox_Rugby.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugbyblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rugby_union_pictogram.svg/35px-Rugby_union_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.satellite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Picto_infobox_satellite.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sautski{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg/40px-Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.science-fiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Picto_infobox_fliyingsaucer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.serie-video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Logo_television_blanc.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.ski-alpin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.snooker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cue_sports_pictogram.svg/40px-Cue_sports_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.software{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Picto_infobox_software.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport-automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Picto_infobox_sport_auto.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.squash{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Squash_pictogram.svg/35px-Squash_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.stadium{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stadium.svg/40px-Stadium.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.starwars{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Star_Wars_Infobox_Pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.surf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Surfing_pictogram.svg/35px-Surfing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.taekwondo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Taekwondo_pictogram.svg/40px-Taekwondo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.television{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Picto_infobox_TV-T%26PC.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.templiers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Picto_infobox_Templiers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tennis_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-table{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg/40px-Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-tableblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Table_tennis_pictogram.svg/35px-Table_tennis_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.timbre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_Stamps.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Infobox_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style><table class="infobox_v3b mainTable infobox"><tbody><tr><td style="justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#EEEEFF;color:#000000"><div>جان مایکل کوسترلیتز</div></div><div style="border:unset;padding:unset"><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Jkosterl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Jkosterl.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div><div class="legend"></div></div><table><caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000">شخصی معلومات</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">بزا-روز</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p569"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1943-06-22" data-sort-value="1943-06-22"><a href="/wiki/22_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="22 ژوئن">22 ژوئن</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" class="mw-redirect" title="1943">1943</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P569" title="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین"><img alt="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <span class="noprint">(81 سال)</span><br /><span class="wd_p19">ابردین <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen" class="extiw" title="en:Aberdeen"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="مقاله انگلیسی ویکی‌پدیا دله">en</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P19" title="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین"><img alt="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">بزا نوم</th><td class=""><div> <span lang="en">John Michael Kosterlitz <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P1477" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">ملیت(ون)</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بریتانیا">بریتانیا</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آمریکای متحده ایالات">متحده ایالات آمریکا</a> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P27" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">اقامت</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18383" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q18383"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">پراویدنس</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18383?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P551" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">مدرسه</th><td class=""><div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q863940" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q863940"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">کالج گانویل و کیز، کمبریج</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863940?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7344852" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7344852"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Robert Gordon's College</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7344852?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q899030" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q899030"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">کالج بریزنوز، آکسفورد</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899030?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P69" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">گپ‌بزن زوون</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1412"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون">انگلیسی</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:0.5em"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920#P1412" title="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین"><img alt="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">بنویشتن زوون</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p6886"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون">انگلیسی</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:0.5em"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920#P6886" title="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین"><img alt="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">پیشه‌ئون</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q169470" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q169470"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">فیزیک‌دان</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1622272" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1622272"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">استاد دانشگاه</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P106" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000">دیگر معلومات</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">کارفرما</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49114" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q49114"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه براون</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49114?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223429" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q223429"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه بیرمنگام</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223429?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P108" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">عضو</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q463303" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q463303"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">فرهنگستان هنر و دانش آمریکا</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463303?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q270794" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q270794"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">آکادمی ملی علوم</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270794?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P463" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">رساله‌یِ ناظر</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3" title="دیوید جی تاولس">دیوید جی تاولس</a> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P184" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">وبسایت</th><td class="" style="direction:ltr;text-align:left;font-size:0.9em"><div> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vivo.brown.edu/display/jkosterl">vivo.brown.edu…</a> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P856" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">جوایز</th><td class=""><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نوبل فیزیک جایزه">نوبل فیزیک جایزه</a><sup id="cite_ref-4799123c1daca451012381999ca6d073bf7a55dc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4799123c1daca451012381999ca6d073bf7a55dc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2cd244cd69271165e09c7ddc3d31f27893eda27b_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2cd244cd69271165e09c7ddc3d31f27893eda27b-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a6a09ebfa7d5d0e34ea9673fb4bb567323b8626c_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a6a09ebfa7d5d0e34ea9673fb4bb567323b8626c-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B6" title="۲۰۱۶">۲۰۱۶</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1806156" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1806156"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Lars Onsager Prize</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806156?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-0027525bcbe25b799526003a3ef3e9cc6c35b92b_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0027525bcbe25b799526003a3ef3e9cc6c35b92b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-06517ec927f61999eba1fbb7040afce971c421fe_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-06517ec927f61999eba1fbb7040afce971c421fe-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B0" title="۲۰۰۰">۲۰۰۰</a>، <a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B0" title="۲۰۰۰">۲۰۰۰</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1745209" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1745209"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Maxwell Medal and Prize</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1745209?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B1" title="۱۹۸۱">۱۹۸۱</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41955909" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q41955909"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">عضو انجمن فیزیک آمریکا</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41955909?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920?uselang=mzn#P166" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered" style="display:block;flex:auto;border-top:2px dotted #EEEEFF"><span class="plainlinks" style="background:inherit;text-align:right;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&veaction=edit&section=0">دچی‌ین</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=edit&section=0">کد دچی‌ین</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700920" class="extiw" title="d:Q1700920">آیتم دچی‌ین</a></span><span style="text-align:left;float:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AE/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="شابلون خَوِری"><img alt="شابلون خَوِری" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/30px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/45px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/60px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>جان مایکل کوسترلیتز</b> اتا <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بریتانیا">بریتانیا</a>-<a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="آمریکا">آمریکای</a> فیزیک‌دون بی‌یه. وه سال ۲۰۱۶ میلادی، تغییر حالتون توپولوژیکی و حالتون توپولوژیکی ماده ره کشف هکردن وسّه، <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نوبل فیزیک جایزه">نوبل فیزیک جایزه</a> ره بیته. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="تیکه: منابع ره دچی‌ین"><span>دچی‌ین</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ویکی‌پدیای کارزنون، «<a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=فهرست_برندگان_جایزه_نوبل_فیزیک&oldid=35880159">فهرست برندگان جایزه نوبل فیزیک</a>»، فارسی ویکی‌پدیا، آزاد دانشنومه، دله. (هارشی‌یه بَیی ۱۷ مرداد ۱۴۰۲).</li> <li><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2016">“The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016”</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 1 July 2023</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+2016&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F2016&rfr_id=info:sid/fa.wikipedia.org:%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="reflist references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4799123c1daca451012381999ca6d073bf7a55dc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4799123c1daca451012381999ca6d073bf7a55dc_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r181738">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2016/">"<span lang="en">The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016</span>"</a>. <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23684016" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q23684016"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">nobelprize.org</span></a></i> (انگلیسی جه). بنیاد نوبل.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A%235f9cbb%3B%22%3Enobelprize.org%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+2016%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2cd244cd69271165e09c7ddc3d31f27893eda27b-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2cd244cd69271165e09c7ddc3d31f27893eda27b_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r181738"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/">"<span lang="en">The Nobel Prize amounts</span>"</a>. <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23684016" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q23684016"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">nobelprize.org</span></a></i> (انگلیسی جه). بنیاد نوبل.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A%235f9cbb%3B%22%3Enobelprize.org%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+Nobel+Prize+amounts%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fabout%2Famounts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a6a09ebfa7d5d0e34ea9673fb4bb567323b8626c-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-a6a09ebfa7d5d0e34ea9673fb4bb567323b8626c_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r181738"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/prix-nobel/article/2016/10/04/le-prix-nobel-de-physique-attribue-a-david-thouless-duncan-haldane-et-michael-kosterlitz_5007939_1772031.html">"<span lang="fr">Le Nobel de physique attribué à trois Britanniques pour leurs recherches sur la matière</span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%DB%B4_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۴ اکتبر">۴ اکتبر</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B6" title="۲۰۱۶">۲۰۱۶</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22%3ELe+Nobel+de+physique+attribu%C3%A9+%C3%A0+trois+Britanniques+pour+leurs+recherches+sur+la+mati%C3%A8re%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fprix-nobel%2Farticle%2F2016%2F10%2F04%2Fle-prix-nobel-de-physique-attribue-a-david-thouless-duncan-haldane-et-michael-kosterlitz_5007939_1772031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:Cite_web" title="شابلون:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رانما:CS1 errors (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0027525bcbe25b799526003a3ef3e9cc6c35b92b-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-0027525bcbe25b799526003a3ef3e9cc6c35b92b_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r181738"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/onsager.cfm">"<span lang="en">Lars Onsager Prize</span>"</a>. <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q466113" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q466113"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">انجمن فیزیک آمریکا</span></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <a href="/w/index.php?title=6_October&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6 October (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">6 October</a> <a href="/wiki/2018" class="mw-redirect" title="2018">2018</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3ELars+Onsager+Prize%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A%235f9cbb%3B%22%3E%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9+%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Fprograms%2Fhonors%2Fprizes%2Fonsager.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84+%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:Cite_web" title="شابلون:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رانما:CS1 errors (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-06517ec927f61999eba1fbb7040afce971c421fe-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-06517ec927f61999eba1fbb7040afce971c421fe_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/onsager.cfm">https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/onsager.cfm</a></i>. هارشی‌ین تاریخ: <a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="۱۸ فوریه">۱۸ فوریه</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B2" title="۲۰۲۲">۲۰۲۲</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=جان_مایکل_کوسترلیتز&oldid=182575">https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=جان_مایکل_کوسترلیتز&oldid=182575</a>" جه بیته بیّه</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="شا:رده‌ها">رج‌ئون</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="رج:فیزیک وسه نوبل بیته‌ئون">فیزیک وسه نوبل بیته‌ئون</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="رج:بریتانیا فیزیکدون">بریتانیا فیزیکدون</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="رج:آمریکا فیزیکدون">آمریکا فیزیکدون</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">خف رج‌ئون: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87" title="رج:مقالاتی که انگلیسی زوون منبع دارنه">مقالاتی که انگلیسی زوون منبع دارنه</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF:_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="رج:خطاهای یادکرد: تاریخ">خطاهای یادکرد: تاریخ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P569" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P569">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P569</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P19" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P19">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P19</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P1477" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P1477">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P1477</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P27" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P27">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P27</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P551" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P551">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P551</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P69" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P69">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P69</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P1412" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P1412">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P1412</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P6886" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P6886">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P6886</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P106" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P106">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P106</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P108" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P108">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P108</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P463" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P463">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P463</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P184" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P184">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P184</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P856" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P856">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P856</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که ویکی‌دیتا جه وصلنه">صفحه‌ئونی که ویکی‌دیتا جه وصلنه</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P166" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P166">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P166</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87" title="رج:مقالاتی که اطلاعات جعبه دارنه">مقالاتی که اطلاعات جعبه دارنه</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P2096" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P2096">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P2096</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_P18" title="رج:صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P18">صفحه‌ئونی که اتا ویژگی ره کار زننه P18</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> این صفحه ره آخرین‌کَش این گدر دچینه: ۲۲:۵۵، ۱۱ آگوست ۲۰۲۳</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">کل نوشتارون <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">موجوز Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a> اساس شمه دسترس درنه؛ مومکنه ای بعدن اته سری نو شرط و شروط ایضافه بوه. اگه اطلاعات ویشتری خواننی <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">قوانین و موقررات ایستفاده</a> ره هارشین.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">حریم سیاست</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C">ویکی‌پدیا خَوِری</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87">تکذیب‌نومه</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">آیین‌نامه رفتاری</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">گت‌کَرون</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/mzn.wikipedia.org">آمار</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">کوکی خَوِری</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//mzn.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">موبایل هارشی‌ین</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-5rthn","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.756","walltime":"1.440","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1161,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":33021,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1084,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":41401,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":7,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1117.608 1 -total"," 95.24% 1064.435 1 شابلون:صندخ/شخص"," 3.46% 38.719 1 شابلون:وب_منبع"," 3.17% 35.410 1 شابلون:منبع/هسته"," 1.01% 11.234 1 شابلون:په‌نویس"," 0.75% 8.389 7 شابلون:عدد_به"," 0.60% 6.744 1 شابلون:منبع/لینکساز"," 0.38% 4.235 7 شابلون:عدد_به_انگلیسی"," 0.29% 3.201 1 شابلون:منبع/هارشائن"," 0.25% 2.746 1 شابلون:ویکی_منبع"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.630","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5215882,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5bcbddc6db-wfbs2","timestamp":"20241127110943","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0632","url":"https:\/\/mzn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1700920","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1700920","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u0654 \u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0627"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-08-11T22:55:04Z","dateModified":"2023-08-11T22:55:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/63\/Jkosterl.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>