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src="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?fit=fill"/></div></div><div class="grid-layout gap-0 sm:gap-3"><div class="col-span-1 col-start-2 md:col-span-6 md:col-start-3 lg:col-start-4 lg:col-span-8 xl:col-span-8 xl:col-start-4 2xl:col-start-6 2xl:col-span-8"><div class="pt-8 lg:pt-12"><div class="tracking-wide font-avenir text-cool-copy flex items-center mb-8 md:ml-[-80px]"><span class="block border-primary-600 border-t w-14 mr-6"></span><span class="text-sm">3 Min Read</span></div><div class="text-base md:text-lg font-avenir pb-8 text-slate"><p class="leading-7 md:leading-8">The Reformed view of election, known as <em>unconditional election</em>, means that God does not foresee an action or condition on our part that induces Him to save us. Rather, election rests on God’s sovereign decision to save whomever He is pleased to save.</p> <p class="leading-7 md:leading-8">In the book of Romans, we find a discussion of this difficult concept. Romans 9:10–13 reads:</p> <blockquote class=""> <p class="leading-7 md:leading-8">And not only so, but also when Rebekah had conceived children by one man, our forefather Isaac, though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad—in order that God’s purpose of election might continue, not because of works but because of him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.” As it is written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”</p> </blockquote> <p class="leading-7 md:leading-8">Here the Apostle Paul is giving his exposition of the doctrine of election. He deals with it significantly in Romans 8, but here he illustrates his teaching of the doctrine of election by going back into the past of the Jewish people and looking at the circumstances surrounding the birth of twins—Jacob and Esau. In the ancient world, it was customary for the firstborn son to receive the inheritance or the patriarchal blessing. However, in the case of these twins, God reversed the process and gave the blessing not to the elder but to the younger. The point that the Apostle labors here is that God not only makes this decision prior to the twins’ births, He does it without a view to anything they would do, either good or evil, so that the purposes of God might stand. Therefore, our salvation does not rest on us; it rests solely on the gracious, sovereign decision of God.</p> <div class="my-4 mx-0 text-slate leading-7 md:leading-8"><blockquote class="border-none opacity-80 relative my-12 text-lg text-center leading-loose pl-0 font-mercury text-body-copy before:border-l-primary-300 before:absolute before:left-[-82px] before:h-full before:border sm:text-3xl sm:leading-normal">God does not foresee an action or condition on our part that induces Him to save us. Rather, election rests on God’s sovereign decision to save whomever He is pleased to save.</blockquote></div> <p class="leading-7 md:leading-8">This doesn’t mean that God will save people whether they come to faith or not. There are conditions that God decrees for salvation, not the least of which is putting one’s personal trust in Christ. However, that is a condition for justification, and the doctrine of election is something else. When we’re talking about unconditional election, we’re talking in a very narrow confine of the doctrine of election itself.</p> <p class="leading-7 md:leading-8">So, then, <em>on what basis</em> does God elect to save certain people? Is it on the basis of some foreseen reaction, response, or activity of the elect? Many people who have a doctrine of election or predestination look at it this way. They believe that in eternity past God looked down through the corridors of time and He knew in advance who would say yes to the offer of the gospel and who would say no. On the basis of this prior knowledge of those who will meet the condition for salvation—that is, expressing faith or belief in Christ—He elects to save them. This is <em>conditional</em> election, which means that God distributes His electing grace on the basis of some foreseen <em>condition</em> that human beings meet themselves.</p> <p class="leading-7 md:leading-8"><em>Unconditional election</em> is another term that I think can be a bit misleading, so I prefer to use the term <em>sovereign election.</em> If God chooses sovereignly to bestow His grace on some sinners and withhold His grace from other sinners, is there any violation of justice in this? Do those who do not receive this gift receive something they do not deserve? Of course not. If God allows these sinners to perish, is He treating them unjustly? Of course not. One group receives grace; the other receives justice. No one receives injustice. Paul anticipates this protest: “Is there injustice on God's part?” (Rom. 9:14a). He answers it with the most emphatic response he can muster. I prefer the translation, “God forbid” (v. 14b). Then he goes on to amplify this response: “For he says to Moses, ‘I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion’ ” (Rom. 9:15). Here the Apostle is reminding his reader of what Moses declared centuries before; namely, that it is God’s divine right to execute clemency when and where He desires. He says from the beginning, “I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy.” It is not on those who meet some conditions, but on those whom He is pleased to bestow the benefit.</p> <hr/> <p class="leading-7 md:leading-8"><em>This article is part of the <a href="https://www.ligonier.org/learn/collections/tulip-and-reformed-theology" class="text-primary-600 hover:underline hover:underline-offset-4 text-primary-600">TULIP and Reformed Theology</a> collection.</em></p></div><div class="flex flex-col items-center text-center justify-center bg-cream p-8 mb-4 lg:flex-row lg:max-h-36 xl:my-14"><div class="max-w-56 h-56 lg:max-w-32 lg:h-32 lg:relative lg:-top-20"><img alt="TULIP and Reformed Theology" class="object-center max-w-56 h-56 lg:max-w-52 lg:h-56" loading="lazy" decoding="async" style="object-fit:contain;width:100%" srcSet="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/v7UrXwwoVlyKV9kBZHiI1/f836fec50b1473316985524616b8bf9a/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_2560_RC.jpg?w=640&fit=fill 640w, 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lg:flex-shrink-1 text-center lg:text-left lg:mr-5 xl:m-0"><div class="font-avenir-bold text-black leading-6 mt-6 mb-3"><p class="m-0 mt-6 text-black">For Your Gift of Any Amount</p></div><div class="leading-6 text-sm md:w-full lg:w-auto"><p class="lg:line-clamp-2 lg:text-ellipsis xl:line-clamp-none m-0 lg:mb-8 xl:mb-0 px-5 lg:px-0 text-slate">Get J.V. Fesko’s new book and teaching series on covenant theology.</p></div></div><div class="flex h-full lg:flex-shrink-0 justify-center items-center xl:w-full pt-6 lg:pt-0 xl:p-0 xl:pt-6"><button aria-label="REQUEST THESE RESOURCES " class="group no-underline inline-flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 select-none cursor-pointer outline-none transition-colors h-8 text-2xs leading-4 text-white bg-primary-400 border-none hover:bg-primary-600 caps rounded p-5">REQUEST THESE RESOURCES </button></div></div></a></div></div></div><section class="bg-recommendations-gradient w-full divide-y divide-divider grid-layout"><div class="grid-layout col-span-14 col-start-1 py-12 md:col-span-8 md:col-start-2 lg:col-span-12 lg:col-start-2 lg:gap-x-5 lg:py-16 2xl:col-span-12 2xl:col-start-4 2xl:py-20"><div class="col-start-2 col-span-12 lg:col-span-4"><p class="font-avenir text-sm text-steel mt-0">More from this teacher</p><a class="hover:decoration-1 hover:decoration-primary-500 hover:underline hover:underline-offset-8" href="/teachers/rc-sproul"><h3 class="hover:text-primary-500 mt-0 mb-3">R.C. Sproul</h3></a><div class="font-avenir text-xs text-slate leading-6 pr-6"><p class="md:text-sm md:leading-6 lg:line-clamp-5 lg:overflow-hidden lg:text-ellipsis">Dr. R.C. Sproul was founder of Ligonier Ministries, first minister of preaching and teaching at Saint Andrew’s Chapel in Sanford, Fla., and first president of Reformation Bible College. He was author of more than one hundred books, including <em class=""><a class="markdown-link" href="https://www.ligonier.org/store/the-holiness-of-god-paperback">The Holiness of God</a></em>.</p></div></div><div class="col-span-14 flex gap-4 flex-nowrap overflow-x-auto px-8 md:overflow-x-visible md:pr-0 lg:col-span-8 2xl:col-start-6"><a class="shadow-card hover:shadow-card-hover bg-white rounded-sm h-[334px] w-[234px] block border-b-0 relative flex-shrink-0 md:flex-shrink" style="transition:all 250ms linear" href="/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-perseverance-saints"><div class="flex flex-col h-[164px] items-center justify-between p-5 relative"><h2 class="text-mercury flex flex-col justify-center items-center text-[17px] font-normal h-[66px] text-black mt-4 text-center"><span class="leading-tight">TULIP and Reformed Theology: Perseverance of the Saints</span></h2><span class="w-6 h-1 border-b border-primary-400"></span><div class="items-center flex flex-row justify-between w-full relative"><span class="min-w-[24px] flex flex-start"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" data-testid="icon-12-article" role="img" aria-label="image-icon" fill="transparent" class="block fill-secondary-500 h-3 w-3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 .5A.5.5 0 0 1 .5 0h11a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H.5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-5zM6.5 11a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h6zm5-3a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h11zM11 1v4H1V1h10z"></path></svg></span><div class="text-cool-copy text-center flex-1 font-avenir-caps text-3xs tracking-widest leading-[1.4] uppercase">R.C. Sproul</div><span class="text-cool-copy text-center min-w-[24px] flex flex-end font-avenir-caps text-3xs tracking-widest leading-[1.4] uppercase"></span></div></div><div class="z-10 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2"><div class="rounded-full bg-white w-8 h-8 block"><img alt="TULIP and Reformed Theology: Perseverance of the Saints" class="items-center justify-center flex h-8 rounded-full bg-contain bg-no-repeat bg-center" loading="lazy" decoding="async" sizes="(min-width: 32px) 32px, 100vw" style="object-fit:cover;max-width:32px;max-height:32px;aspect-ratio:1;width:100%" srcSet="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=32&h=32&fit=fill 32w, https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=64&h=64&fit=fill 64w" src="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=32&h=32&fit=fill"/></div></div><div class="h-[170px] relative flex justify-center items-center"><img alt="TULIP and Reformed Theology: Perseverance of the Saints" class="object-cover object-center rounded-b-sm h-full" loading="lazy" decoding="async" sizes="(min-width: 234px) 234px, 100vw" style="object-fit:cover;max-width:234px;max-height:170px;aspect-ratio:1.3764705882352941;width:100%" srcSet="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=234&h=170&fit=fill 234w, https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=468&h=340&fit=fill 468w" src="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=234&h=170&fit=fill"/></div></a><a class="shadow-card hover:shadow-card-hover bg-white rounded-sm h-[334px] w-[234px] block border-b-0 relative flex-shrink-0 md:flex-shrink" style="transition:all 250ms linear" href="/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-limited-atonement"><div class="flex flex-col h-[164px] items-center justify-between p-5 relative"><h2 class="text-mercury flex flex-col justify-center items-center text-[17px] font-normal h-[66px] text-black mt-4 text-center"><span class="leading-tight">TULIP and Reformed Theology: Limited Atonement</span></h2><span class="w-6 h-1 border-b border-primary-400"></span><div class="items-center flex flex-row justify-between w-full relative"><span class="min-w-[24px] flex flex-start"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" data-testid="icon-12-article" role="img" aria-label="image-icon" fill="transparent" class="block fill-secondary-500 h-3 w-3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 .5A.5.5 0 0 1 .5 0h11a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H.5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-5zM6.5 11a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h6zm5-3a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h11zM11 1v4H1V1h10z"></path></svg></span><div class="text-cool-copy text-center flex-1 font-avenir-caps text-3xs tracking-widest leading-[1.4] uppercase">R.C. Sproul</div><span class="text-cool-copy text-center min-w-[24px] flex flex-end font-avenir-caps text-3xs tracking-widest leading-[1.4] uppercase"></span></div></div><div class="z-10 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2"><div class="rounded-full bg-white w-8 h-8 block"><img alt="TULIP and Reformed Theology: Limited Atonement" class="items-center justify-center flex h-8 rounded-full bg-contain bg-no-repeat bg-center" loading="lazy" decoding="async" sizes="(min-width: 32px) 32px, 100vw" style="object-fit:cover;max-width:32px;max-height:32px;aspect-ratio:1;width:100%" srcSet="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=32&h=32&fit=fill 32w, https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=64&h=64&fit=fill 64w" src="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=32&h=32&fit=fill"/></div></div><div class="h-[170px] relative flex justify-center items-center"><img alt="TULIP and Reformed Theology: Limited Atonement" class="object-cover object-center rounded-b-sm h-full" loading="lazy" decoding="async" sizes="(min-width: 234px) 234px, 100vw" style="object-fit:cover;max-width:234px;max-height:170px;aspect-ratio:1.3764705882352941;width:100%" srcSet="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=234&h=170&fit=fill 234w, https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=468&h=340&fit=fill 468w" src="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=234&h=170&fit=fill"/></div></a><a class="shadow-card hover:shadow-card-hover bg-white rounded-sm h-[334px] w-[234px] block border-b-0 relative flex-shrink-0 md:flex-shrink" style="transition:all 250ms linear" href="/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-irresistible-grace"><div class="flex flex-col h-[164px] items-center justify-between p-5 relative"><h2 class="text-mercury flex flex-col justify-center items-center text-[17px] font-normal h-[66px] text-black mt-4 text-center"><span class="leading-tight">TULIP and Reformed Theology: Irresistible Grace</span></h2><span class="w-6 h-1 border-b border-primary-400"></span><div class="items-center flex flex-row justify-between w-full relative"><span class="min-w-[24px] flex flex-start"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" data-testid="icon-12-article" role="img" aria-label="image-icon" fill="transparent" class="block fill-secondary-500 h-3 w-3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 .5A.5.5 0 0 1 .5 0h11a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H.5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-5zM6.5 11a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h6zm5-3a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h11zM11 1v4H1V1h10z"></path></svg></span><div class="text-cool-copy text-center flex-1 font-avenir-caps text-3xs tracking-widest leading-[1.4] uppercase">R.C. Sproul</div><span class="text-cool-copy text-center min-w-[24px] flex flex-end font-avenir-caps text-3xs tracking-widest leading-[1.4] uppercase"></span></div></div><div class="z-10 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2"><div class="rounded-full bg-white w-8 h-8 block"><img alt="TULIP and Reformed Theology: Irresistible Grace" class="items-center justify-center flex h-8 rounded-full bg-contain bg-no-repeat bg-center" loading="lazy" decoding="async" sizes="(min-width: 32px) 32px, 100vw" style="object-fit:cover;max-width:32px;max-height:32px;aspect-ratio:1;width:100%" srcSet="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=32&h=32&fit=fill 32w, https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=64&h=64&fit=fill 64w" src="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/sproul_rc-web.jpg/32666e3b2f03278bf33524d68bba9b79/3438x3438_Sproul_RC.jpg?w=32&h=32&fit=fill"/></div></div><div class="h-[170px] relative flex justify-center items-center"><img alt="TULIP and Reformed Theology: Irresistible Grace" class="object-cover object-center rounded-b-sm h-full" loading="lazy" decoding="async" sizes="(min-width: 234px) 234px, 100vw" style="object-fit:cover;max-width:234px;max-height:170px;aspect-ratio:1.3764705882352941;width:100%" srcSet="https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=234&h=170&fit=fill 234w, https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg/1fdf20b2506aa69af8e2b5c0a99695ef/TULIP-and-Reformed-Theology_620.jpg?w=468&h=340&fit=fill 468w" 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aria-label="image-icon" fill="transparent" class="block fill-secondary-500 h-3 w-3"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.258 3.063a.5.5 0 0 1 .507.013l4 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .848l-4 2.5A.5.5 0 0 1 4 8.5v-5a.5.5 0 0 1 .258-.437zM10.5 1A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 12 2.5v7a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-9A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0 9.5v-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1h9zm0 1h-9a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v7a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h9a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-7a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5zM5 4.402 7.557 6 5 7.598V4.402z"></path></svg></span><div class="text-cool-copy text-center flex-1 font-avenir-caps text-3xs tracking-widest leading-[1.4] uppercase">R.C. 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Rather, election rests on God’s sovereign decision to save whomever He is pleased to save.\n\nIn the book of Romans, we find a discussion of this difficult concept. Romans 9:10–13 reads: \n\n\u003e And not only so, but also when Rebekah had conceived children by one man, our forefather Isaac, though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad—in order that God’s purpose of election might continue, not because of works but because of him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.” As it is written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”\n\nHere the Apostle Paul is giving his exposition of the doctrine of election. He deals with it significantly in Romans 8, but here he illustrates his teaching of the doctrine of election by going back into the past of the Jewish people and looking at the circumstances surrounding the birth of twins—Jacob and Esau. In the ancient world, it was customary for the firstborn son to receive the inheritance or the patriarchal blessing. However, in the case of these twins, God reversed the process and gave the blessing not to the elder but to the younger. The point that the Apostle labors here is that God not only makes this decision prior to the twins’ births, He does it without a view to anything they would do, either good or evil, so that the purposes of God might stand. Therefore, our salvation does not rest on us; it rests solely on the gracious, sovereign decision of God.\n\n[pullquote]\n\nThis doesn’t mean that God will save people whether they come to faith or not. There are conditions that God decrees for salvation, not the least of which is putting one’s personal trust in Christ. However, that is a condition for justification, and the doctrine of election is something else. When we’re talking about unconditional election, we’re talking in a very narrow confine of the doctrine of election itself.\n\nSo, then, _on what basis_ does God elect to save certain people? Is it on the basis of some foreseen reaction, response, or activity of the elect? Many people who have a doctrine of election or predestination look at it this way. They believe that in eternity past God looked down through the corridors of time and He knew in advance who would say yes to the offer of the gospel and who would say no. On the basis of this prior knowledge of those who will meet the condition for salvation—that is, expressing faith or belief in Christ—He elects to save them. This is _conditional_ election, which means that God distributes His electing grace on the basis of some foreseen _condition_ that human beings meet themselves.\n\n_Unconditional election_ is another term that I think can be a bit misleading, so I prefer to use the term _sovereign election._ If God chooses sovereignly to bestow His grace on some sinners and withhold His grace from other sinners, is there any violation of justice in this? Do those who do not receive this gift receive something they do not deserve? Of course not. If God allows these sinners to perish, is He treating them unjustly? Of course not. One group receives grace; the other receives justice. No one receives injustice. Paul anticipates this protest: “Is there injustice on God's part?” (Rom. 9:14a). He answers it with the most emphatic response he can muster. I prefer the translation, “God forbid” (v. 14b). Then he goes on to amplify this response: “For he says to Moses, ‘I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion’ ” (Rom. 9:15). Here the Apostle is reminding his reader of what Moses declared centuries before; namely, that it is God’s divine right to execute clemency when and where He desires. He says from the beginning, “I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy.” It is not on those who meet some conditions, but on those whom He is pleased to bestow the benefit.\n\n*** \n\n*This article is part of the [TULIP and Reformed Theology](https://www.ligonier.org/learn/collections/tulip-and-reformed-theology) collection.*","metadata":null,"showTabletalkAttribution":false,"productLinkExternal":null,"pullQuote":"God does not foresee an action or condition on our part that induces Him to save us. 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Sproul was founder of Ligonier Ministries, first minister of preaching and teaching at Saint Andrew’s Chapel in Sanford, Fla., and first president of Reformation Bible College. He was author of more than one hundred books, including *[The Holiness of God](https://www.ligonier.org/store/the-holiness-of-god-paperback)*."}]},"slug":"tulip-and-reformed-theology-unconditional-election","globalPromotionCollection":{"items":[{"sys":{"id":"50ZqhzyHMMUIwUrsDmKzL7"},"image":{"sys":{"id":"5OuicHVTTkknoP4S7qtUC7"},"width":2160,"url":"https://images.ctfassets.net/ukqj0ybhazqg/5OuicHVTTkknoP4S7qtUC7/14801c0dc14398a4dcf8313943fbb54d/3840x2160_2025_February_GOAA_Products.jpg","height":2160},"title":"For Your Gift of Any Amount\n","description":"Get J.V. Fesko’s new book and teaching series on covenant theology. 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