CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="sw" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ghana - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )swwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Machi","Aprili","Mei","Juni","Julai","Agosti","Septemba","Oktoba","Novemba","Desemba"],"wgRequestId":"b5312382-449a-464d-ba25-ffe5bfa081ad","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ghana","wgTitle":"Ghana","wgCurRevisionId":1400562,"wgRevisionId":1400562,"wgArticleId":1783,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Kurasa zinazotumia marudio ya hoja katika wito wa kigezo","Pages using ISBN magic links","Pages with reference errors","CS1 maint: date auto-translated","CS1 errors: unsupported parameter","CS1 errors: redundant parameter","Makala zisowekewa maelezo ya vyanzo","Mbegu za jiografia ya Afrika","Ghana","Nchi za Afrika","Umoja wa Afrika","Jumuia ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika Magharibi","Nchi na maeneo yanayozungumza Kiingereza","Jumuiya ya Madola"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sw","wgPageContentLanguage":"sw","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ghana","wgRelevantArticleId":1783,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sw","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sw"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q117","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sw&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sw&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sw&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/800px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/640px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ghana - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Hariri" href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sw)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sw.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sw"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Tawanyiko la Atom la Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ghana rootpage-Ghana skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Nenda kwa yaliyomo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menyu kuu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menyu kuu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menyu kuu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menyu kuu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Urambazaji </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mwanzo" title="Tembelea Mwanzo [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Mwanzo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Jumuia" title="Kuhusu mradi, mambo unaweza kufanya, na mahali pa kugundua vitu"><span>Jumuiya</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni" title="Orodha ya mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni katika Wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mabadiliko ya karibuni</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UkurasawaBahati" title="Onyesha ukurasa wa bahati [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ukurasa wa bahati</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Mahali pa kueleweshwa."><span>Msaada</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Mwanzo" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sw.svg" width="117" height="10" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:Tafuta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tafuta</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tafuta Wikipedia" aria-label="Tafuta Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maalum:Tafuta"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tafuta</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Zana binafsi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Badilisha mandhari ya ukubwa, upana, na rangi ya fonti ya ukurasa" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mandhari" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mandhari</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw" class=""><span>Michango</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Ghana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Unda akaunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Ghana" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ingia</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Chaguo zaidi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana binafsi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana binafsi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw"><span>Michango</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Ghana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Unda akaunti</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Ghana" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Asili_ya_jina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asili_ya_jina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Asili ya jina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asili_ya_jina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jiografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jiografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jiografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jiografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maeneo_kiutawala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maeneo_kiutawala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Maeneo kiutawala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Maeneo_kiutawala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Maeneo kiutawala subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Maeneo_kiutawala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Idadi_ya_wakazi_katika_majiji_makubwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idadi_ya_wakazi_katika_majiji_makubwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Idadi ya wakazi katika majiji makubwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idadi_ya_wakazi_katika_majiji_makubwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historia_ya_kale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_ya_kale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historia ya kale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_ya_kale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mwanzo_wa_ukoloni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mwanzo_wa_ukoloni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mwanzo wa ukoloni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mwanzo_wa_ukoloni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuelekea_uhuru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuelekea_uhuru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kuelekea uhuru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuelekea_uhuru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baada_ya_uhuru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baada_ya_uhuru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Baada ya uhuru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baada_ya_uhuru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serikali_na_siasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serikali_na_siasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Serikali na siasa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Serikali_na_siasa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Serikali na siasa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Serikali_na_siasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serikali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serikali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Serikali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serikali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mfumo_wa_Mahakama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mfumo_wa_Mahakama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mfumo wa Mahakama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mfumo_wa_Mahakama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Siasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahusiano_ya_Kigeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahusiano_ya_Kigeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Mahusiano ya Kigeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahusiano_ya_Kigeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wakazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wakazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Wakazi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wakazi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Wakazi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wakazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makabila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makabila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Makabila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makabila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lugha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lugha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lugha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lugha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Dini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Afya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Watu_na_Utamaduni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Watu_na_Utamaduni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Watu na Utamaduni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Watu_na_Utamaduni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Watu na Utamaduni subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Watu_na_Utamaduni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Michezo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michezo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Michezo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michezo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desturi_ya_Mavazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desturi_ya_Mavazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Desturi ya Mavazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desturi_ya_Mavazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muziki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muziki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Muziki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muziki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ngoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ngoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Ngoma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ngoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vyombo_vya_Habari_na_Burudani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vyombo_vya_Habari_na_Burudani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vyombo vya Habari na Burudani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vyombo_vya_Habari_na_Burudani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elimu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elimu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Elimu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elimu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uchumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uchumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Uchumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uchumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cheo_katika_Ngazi_za_Kimataifa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cheo_katika_Ngazi_za_Kimataifa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Cheo katika Ngazi za Kimataifa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cheo_katika_Ngazi_za_Kimataifa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tazama_pia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tazama_pia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Tazama pia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tazama_pia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marejeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marejeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Marejeo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marejeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Yaliyomo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 262 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-262" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 262</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kiabkhazi" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Kiabkhazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiacheni" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Kiacheni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Ганэ – Kiadyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ганэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Kiadyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kijerumani cha Uswisi" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani cha Uswisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%93" title="ጋና – Kiamhari" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጋና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Kiamhari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiaragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Kiaragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiingereza cha Kale" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza cha Kale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%A0" title="Ganà – Kiobolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ganà" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Kiobolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kiangika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Kiangika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="غانا – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="غانا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="غانا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جانا – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kiawadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Kiawadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiaymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Kiaymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qana" title="Qana – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7" title="غنا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="غنا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kibashkiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Kibashkiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kibali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Kibali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kibislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Kibislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kibambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Kibambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ঘানা – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀ་ན། – Kitibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀ་ན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Kitibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ঘানা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ঘানা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kibretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Kibretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kibosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Kibosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kichechenia" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Kichechenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kichebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Kichebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گانا – Kikurdi cha Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi cha Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kikosikani" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Kikosikani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Eana" title="Ğana – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ğana" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kichuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Kichuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisobia cha Chini" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Kisobia cha Chini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A7" title="ގާނާ – Kidivehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގާނާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Kidivehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Kiewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γκάνα – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganao" title="Ganao – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ganao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7" title="غنا – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fat mw-list-item"><a href="https://fat.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Fanti" lang="fat" hreflang="fat" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Mfantse" data-language-local-name="Fanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mfantse</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kifulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Kifulani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kifaroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Kifaroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganat%C3%B2" title="Ganatò – Kifon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Ganatò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Kifon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaana" title="Ghaana – Kifrisia cha Kaskazini" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ghaana" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Kaskazini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kifrisia cha Magharibi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Magharibi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1na" title="Gána – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gána" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kigagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Kigagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0na" title="Gàna – Kigaeli cha Uskoti" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gàna" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Kigaeli cha Uskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1na" title="Gána – Kiguarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gána" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Kiguarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%98%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="ઘાના – Kigujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઘાના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Kigujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaana" title="Gaana – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Gaana" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghaney" title="Yn Ghaney – Kimanx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghaney" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Kimanx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kihausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Kihausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81na" title="Gāna – Kihawai" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Gāna" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Kihawai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גאנה – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisobia cha Ukanda wa Juu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Kisobia cha Ukanda wa Juu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kihaiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kihaiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C3%A1na" title="Ghána – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ghána" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Գանա – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiintalingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Kiintalingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – lugha ya kisayansi" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="lugha ya kisayansi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiigbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Kiigbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Kiilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiisilandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Kiisilandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A" title="ガーナ – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガーナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaana" title="Gaana – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gaana" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kijava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Kijava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="განა – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="განა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%94ana" title="Ɣana – Kikabylia" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ɣana" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kikabylia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kityap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Kityap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kikikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kikazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kikazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6" title="ហ្គាណា – Kikambodia" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ្គាណា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kikambodia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಘಾನಾ – Kikannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಘಾನಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kikannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%82%98" title="가나 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%84%DA%A9)" title="گھانا (مُلک) – Kikashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گھانا (مُلک)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kikashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kikurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kus mw-list-item"><a href="https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kusaal" lang="kus" hreflang="kus" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Kʋsaal" data-language-local-name="Kusaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kʋsaal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kikorni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kikorni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kikyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kikyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Kiladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kilasembagi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Kilasembagi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Kiganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiliguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Kiliguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kilongobardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Kilongobardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kilingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Kilingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ປະເທດການາ – Kilaosi" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດການາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Kilaosi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kimaithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Kimaithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Lugha ya Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Lugha ya Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%A0" title="Ganà – Kimalagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ganà" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Kimalagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81na" title="Kāna – Kimaori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kāna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Kimaori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiminangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Kiminangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ഘാന – Kimalayalamu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഘാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Kimalayalamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kimongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Kimongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%98%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯘꯥꯅꯥ – Kimanipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯘꯥꯅꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Kimanipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kimoore" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Kimoore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kimarathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Kimarathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kimalta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Kimalta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂါနာနိုင်ငံ – Kiburma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂါနာနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Kiburma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7" title="غنا – Kimazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="غنا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Kimazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisaksoni" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Kisaksoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kinepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Kinepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kinewari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Kinewari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kindonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="Kindonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9C%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%A3%DF%8A%DF%AC" title="ߜ߭ߊߣߊ߬ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߜ߭ߊߣߊ߬" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisotho cha Kaskazini" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Kisotho cha Kaskazini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiokitani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Kiokitani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaanaa" title="Gaanaa – Kioromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gaanaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Kioromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Ганæ – Kiosetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ганæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Kiosetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਘਾਨਾ – Kipunjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘਾਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Kipunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kipampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Kipampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kipapiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Kipapiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Pijini ya Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pijini ya Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گھانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گھانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ګانا – Kipashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګانا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Kipashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhana" title="Qhana – Kikechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kikechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiromanshi" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Kiromanshi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiaromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Kiaromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ґана – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґана" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="घाना – Kisanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="घाना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Kisanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kisakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Kisakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱟ – Kisantali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Kisantali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Kisardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kisicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Kisicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiskoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Kiskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گھانا – Kisindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گھانا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Kisindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisami cha Kaskazini" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Kisami cha Kaskazini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%A4a" title="Ganäa – Kisango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ganäa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Kisango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiserbia-kroeshia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia-kroeshia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%94ana" title="Ɣana – Kitachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ɣana" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Kitachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၼႃႇ – Kishan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၼႃႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Kishan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9D%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඝානාව – Kisinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඝානාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Kisinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisamoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Kisamoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisami cha Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Kisami cha Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kishona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Kishona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaana" title="Gaana – Kisomali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gaana" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Kisomali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kialbania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Kialbania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Lugha ya Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Lugha ya Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGana" title="IGana – Kiswati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IGana" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Kiswati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Kisotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Kisunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kisilesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Kisilesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="கானா – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கானா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%98%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="ఘనా – Kitelugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఘనా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Kitelugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kitetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Kitetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kitajiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Kitajiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศกานา – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศกานา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%93" title="ጋና – Kitigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጋና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Kitigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiturukimeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Kiturukimeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kitaroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Kitaroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kitsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Kitsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kitatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Kitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kitumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Kitumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaana" title="Gaana – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Gaana" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kiudmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Kiudmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="گانا جۇمھۇرىيىتى – Kiuyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گانا جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Kiuyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гана – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گھانا – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گھانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kivenisi" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Kivenisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan" title="Gan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%A4n" title="Ganän – Kivolapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ganän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Kivolapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiwaloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Kiwaloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kiwaray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Kiwaray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gana" title="Gana – Kiwolofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Gana" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Kiwolofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="განა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="განა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="גהאנע – Kiyiddi" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גהאנע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Kiyiddi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1n%C3%A0" title="Gánà – Kiyoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gánà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Kiyoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Kizhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Kizhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C3%A2na" title="Ghâna – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ghâna" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%96%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵖⴰⵏⴰ – Kiberber Sanifu cha Moroko" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵖⴰⵏⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Kiberber Sanifu cha Moroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加纳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E7%B4%8D" title="迦納 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="迦納" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ghana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%8D" title="加納 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGana" title="IGana – Kizulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IGana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Kizulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Majadiliano</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Badilisha lahaja ya lugha" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kiswahili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mitazamo"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ghana"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=history" title="Mapitio ya awali ya ukurasa huu [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ghana"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Ghana" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Ghana" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&oldid=1400562" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Ghana&id=1400562&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGhana"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGhana"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ghana"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ghana&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ghana" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.3em"><b>Jamhuri ya Ghana</b><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag_of_Ghana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/120px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/180px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/240px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Bendera_ya_Ghana" title="Bendera ya Ghana">Bendera</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nembo ya Ghana"><img alt="Nembo ya Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nembo_ya_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nembo ya Ghana (bado haujaandikwa)">Nembo</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Kaulimbiu:</b> <br /><i>Freedom and Justice</i> (Kiingereza)<br />"Uhuru na Haki"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Wimbo wa taifa:</b> <br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=God_Bless_Our_Homeland_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="God Bless Our Homeland Ghana (bado haujaandikwa)">God Bless Our Homeland Ghana</a></i><br />"Mungu Ibariki Nchi Yetu Ghana"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ghana_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mahali pa Ghana"><img alt="Mahali pa Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ghana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Ghana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ghana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Ghana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ghana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Ghana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Mahali pa Ghana</span></div><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ghana_Base_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramani ya Ghana"><img alt="Ramani ya Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ghana_Base_Map.png/250px-Ghana_Base_Map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ghana_Base_Map.png/375px-Ghana_Base_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ghana_Base_Map.png/500px-Ghana_Base_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="974" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Ramani ya Ghana</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mji_mkuu" title="Mji mkuu">Mji mkuu</a></b><br />na mkubwa</th><td><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a><br /><small><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=en&params=5_33_N_00_11_W_type:city">5°33′ N 00°11′ W</a></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lugha_rasmi" title="Lugha rasmi">Lugha rasmi</a></b></th><td><a href="/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza">Kiingereza</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Eneo" title="Eneo">Eneo</a></b></th><td><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> • Jumla</th><td>km<sup>2</sup> 238 533<sup id="cite_ref-worldfactbook_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldfactbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Idadi_ya_watu" class="mw-redirect" title="Idadi ya watu">Idadi ya watu</a></b></th><td><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> • Kadirio la 2023</th><td>33 846 114<sup id="cite_ref-worldfactbook_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldfactbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ghana</b>, kirasmi <b>Jamhuri ya Ghana</b>, ni nchi ya <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Magharibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrika Magharibi">Afrika Magharibi</a> inayopakana na <a href="/wiki/Kodivaa" title="Kodivaa">Kodivaa</a> upande wa <a href="/wiki/Magharibi" title="Magharibi">magharibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> upande wa <a href="/wiki/Kaskazini" title="Kaskazini">kaskazini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> upande wa <a href="/wiki/Mashariki" title="Mashariki">mashariki</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Ghuba_ya_Guinea" title="Ghuba ya Guinea">Ghuba ya Guinea</a> upande wa <a href="/wiki/Kusini" title="Kusini">kusini</a>. </p><p>Kabla ya <a href="/wiki/Ukoloni" title="Ukoloni">ukoloni</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghana</a> ilikaliwa na idadi ya watu wa kale, hasa wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falme_za_Akan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falme za Akan (bado haujaandikwa)">Falme za Akan</a>, wakiwemo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waakwamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waakwamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Waakwamu</a> upande wa mashariki, <a href="/wiki/Ufalme_wa_Ashanti" title="Ufalme wa Ashanti">Ufalme wa Ashanti</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Bara" title="Bara">bara</a> na falme kadha wa kadha za Kifante, pia falme zisizo za Kiakan kama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waga (bado haujaandikwa)">Waga</a> na <a href="/wiki/Waewe" title="Waewe">Waewe</a> waliokuwa pwani na bara. </p><p>Biashara na nchi za <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a> ilistawi baada ya kukutana kwao na <a href="/wiki/Wareno" class="mw-redirect" title="Wareno">Wareno</a> katika <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_15" title="Karne ya 15">karne ya 15</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Waingereza" title="Waingereza">Waingereza</a> walianzisha nchi ya <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast" title="Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a>, chini ya <a href="/wiki/Himaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himaya">himaya</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Uingereza" title="Uingereza">Uingereza</a> mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-colestablish_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colestablish-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nchi ya Gold Coast ilijinyakulia <a href="/wiki/Uhuru" title="Uhuru">uhuru</a> kutoka kwa Uingereza mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>, ikawa <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">taifa</a> la kwanza la <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> <a href="/wiki/Kusini_mwa_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusini mwa Sahara">Kusini mwa Sahara</a> kufanya hivyo<sup id="cite_ref-independence_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independence-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ghana ni mwanachama wa mashirika mbalimbali ya kimataifa yakiwemo <a href="/wiki/Jumuiya_ya_Madola" title="Jumuiya ya Madola">Jumuiya ya Madola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jumuiya_ya_Kiuchumi_ya_Afrika_Magharibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Afrika Magharibi">Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Afrika Magharibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umoja_wa_Afrika" title="Umoja wa Afrika">Umoja wa Afrika</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Umoja_wa_Mataifa" title="Umoja wa Mataifa">Umoja wa Mataifa</a>. </p><p>Ghana ni nchi ya pili baina ya nchi zinazozalisha <a href="/wiki/Mmea" title="Mmea">mmea</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Kakao" title="Kakao">kakao</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulimwengu" title="Ulimwengu">ulimwenguni</a> kote, pia ni <a href="/wiki/Kiambo" title="Kiambo">kiambo</a> cha <a href="/wiki/Ziwa_Volta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziwa Volta">Ziwa Volta</a>, ambalo ndilo <a href="/wiki/Ziwa" title="Ziwa">ziwa</a> kubwa zaidi ulimwenguni kuundwa na <a href="/wiki/Binadamu" title="Binadamu">binadamu</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Vilevile, Ghana ni nchi inayojulikana sana katika ulimwengu wa <a href="/wiki/Soka" class="mw-redirect" title="Soka">soka</a>. Tarehe <a href="/wiki/16_Oktoba" title="16 Oktoba">16 Oktoba</a> <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>, Ghana lilikuwa taifa la kwanza la Kiafrika kushinda <a href="/wiki/Kombe_la_Dunia_la_FIFA" title="Kombe la Dunia la FIFA">Kombe la Dunia la FIFA</a> kwa walio chini ya <a href="/wiki/Umri" title="Umri">umri</a> wa miaka 20 (FIFA U-20 World Cup) kwa kushinda nchi ya Brazil kwa ma<a href="/wiki/Bao" title="Bao">bao</a> 4 kwa 3 kupitia mikwaju ya <a href="/wiki/Penalti" title="Penalti">penalti</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asili_ya_jina">Asili ya jina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Asili ya jina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Asili ya jina"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neno <i>Ghana</i> lina maana ya "Shujaa Mfalme",<sup id="cite_ref-warriorking_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warriorking-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na lilikuwa jina la heshima walilopewa wafalme wa Himaya ya Ghana nyakati za kale za Afrika Magharibi.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Limekuwa chimbuko la jina “Guinea” (kupitia kwa <a href="/wiki/Kifaransa" title="Kifaransa">Kifaransa</a> <i>Guinoye</i>), ambalo limetumika kurejelea <a href="/wiki/Pwani" title="Pwani">pwani</a> ya Afrika Magharibi (na ambalo linatumika katika Ghuba ya Guinea). </p><p>Jina hilo lilichaguliwa kwa taifa jipya ili kuashiria himaya ya kale ya Ghana, ambayo kwa wakati mmoja ilienea katika sehemu kubwa ya Afrika Magharibi, ingawa kijiografia, Himaya ya Ghana inakadiriwa ilikuwa kilomita 800 mile 500 (km 800) kaskazini na magharibi mwa Ghana ya kisasa, na ilitawala majimbo katika eneo la <a href="/wiki/Mto_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mto Sénégal">Mto Sénégal</a> na mashariki kuelekea <a href="/wiki/Mto_wa_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Mto wa Niger">Mto wa Niger</a>, katika maeneo ya sasa ya <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> na <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. </p><p><i>Ghana</i> lilichaguliwa kuwa jina rasmi la nchi ya Gold Coast nchi hii iliponyakua uhuru mnamo tarehe 6 Machi 1957; hata hivyo, Ghana haikuweza kutangaza <a href="/wiki/Uhuru" title="Uhuru">uhuru</a> wake kamili kutoka kwa Uingereza hadi tarehe 1 Julai 1960 ambapo nchi ilianza kujulikana kama <i>Jamhuri ya Ghana.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jiografia">Jiografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Jiografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Jiografia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Aburi_botanical_gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Aburi_botanical_gardens.jpg/250px-Aburi_botanical_gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Aburi_botanical_gardens.jpg/330px-Aburi_botanical_gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Bustani ya Aburi Botanical Gardens</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg/250px-VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg/330px-VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg/500px-VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Mto wa Volta</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg/200px-Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg/300px-Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg/400px-Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Ufukoni mwa Ghana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Elefanten_Mole_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Elefanten_Mole_National_Park.jpg/220px-Elefanten_Mole_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Elefanten_Mole_National_Park.jpg/330px-Elefanten_Mole_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Elefanten_Mole_National_Park.jpg/440px-Elefanten_Mole_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4409" data-file-height="2931" /></a><figcaption>Ndovu katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Mole</figcaption></figure> <p>Nchi hii ina eneo la <a href="/wiki/Kilomita_ya_mraba" title="Kilomita ya mraba">kilomita mraba</a> 238,500 (maili mraba 92,085)km<sup>2</sup> 238 500 (sq mi 92 085). Eneo hili limezungukwa na Togo kwa upande wa mashariki, Cote d’Ivoire upande wa magharibi, Burkina Faso upande wa kaskazini na Ghuba ya Guinea (Bahari ya Atlantiki) upande wa kusini. </p><p>Ghana ni nchi ambayo inapatikana katika Ghuba ya Guinea, <a href="/wiki/Nyuzi" title="Nyuzi">nyuzi</a> chache kaskazini mwa <a href="/wiki/Ikweta" title="Ikweta">Ikweta</a>, jambo ambalo linaipa nchi hii hali ya <a href="/wiki/Joto" title="Joto">joto</a>. Vilevile mstari wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Meridian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwich Meridian (bado haujaandikwa)">Greenwich Meridian</a> hupita ndani ya Ghana, katika jiji la viwanda la Tema. Hivyo kijiografia Ghana iko karibu zaidi ya sehemu ya “katikati” mwa ulimwengu kuliko nchi yoyote ile, ingawa sehemu halisi ya katikati, (0°, 0°) inapatikana katika Ghuba ya Guinea, katika Bahari ya Atlantiki, kwa makadirio kilomita 614 (maili 382) km 614 (mi 382) kusini mwa Accra, Ghana. </p><p>Nchi hii ina maeneo tambarare, vilima vya chini na mito michache. Nchi ya Ghana inaweza kugawanywa katika maeneo matano tofauti ya kijiografia. Eneo la pwani ni sehemu ambayo ni ya chini na iliyo na ufuo wa mchanga huku ikipakana na koko na kukingamana na mito na vijito kadha wa kadha huku sehemu ya kaskazini ikiwa na maeneo ya juu yaliyo tambarare. Eneo la kusini magharibi na kusini ya kati mwa Ghana ni sehemu iliyoinuka sawa na pana yenye misitu ikiwa na vilima vya Ashanti na eneo sawa na pana (plateau) la Kwahu na safu ya vilima vya Akuapim-Togo vinapatikana kwenye mpaka wa mashariki mwa nchi. Bonde la Volta linachukua eneo la kati mwa Ghana. Sehemu ya juu zaidi nchini Ghana ni Mlima Afadjato ulio na urefu wa mita 855 (futi 2,904)m 885 (ft 2 904) na unaopatikana kwenye safu ya vilima vya Akwapim-Togo. </p><p>Hali ya hewa ni ya hari. Kanda ya pwani ya mashariki ni ya joto na iliyokauka (angalia Dahomey Gap); pembe ya kusini magharibi, huwa na joto jingi na unyevu hewani; huku sehemu ya kaskazini ikiwa yenye joto jingi na iliyokauka. Ziwa Volta, ziwa lisilo la asili kubwa zaidi ulimwenguni, linaenea kupitia katika mafungu makubwa mashariki mwa Ghana na ndicho chanzo kikuu cha vijito vingi kama vile vya Oti na Afram. </p><p>Kuna misimu miwili mikuu nchini Ghana, masika na kiangazi. Kaskazini mwa Ghana huwa na msimu wa masika kutoka Machi hadi Novemba huku sehemu ya kusini, ukiwemo mji mkuu wa Accra, ikiwa na masika kutoka Aprili hadi Novemba katikati. </p><p>Kusini mwa Ghana kuna misitu ambayo daima ni ya kijani kibichi na ile ambayo hupoteza majani yake wakati fulani wa mwaka ikiwa na miti kama mikangazi, odumu na mipingo. Sehemu hii inayo pia mingi ya mitende ya mafuta na mikoko. Miti ya Shea, mibuyu na mikakaya hupatikana kwa kawaida katika maeneo ya Volta na kaskazini mwa nchi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maeneo_kiutawala">Maeneo kiutawala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Maeneo kiutawala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Maeneo kiutawala"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Makala kuu: <a href="/wiki/Mikoa_ya_Ghana" title="Mikoa ya Ghana">Mikoa ya Ghana</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilaya_za_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilaya za Ghana (bado haujaandikwa)">Wilaya za Ghana</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Ghana imegawiwa katika mikoa 16, ambayo yamegawiwa zaidi katika <a href="/wiki/Wilaya" title="Wilaya">wilaya</a> 275<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kila moja ikiwa na Bunge la Wilaya (District Assembly). Chini ya wilaya kuna aina kadhaa za mabaraza, yakiwemo mabaraza 58 ya miji au maeneo, mabaraza 108 ya kanda na mabaraza 626 ya maeneo. Kamati za vitengo 16,000 huwa katika daraja ya chini zaidi.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mikoa hiyo 16 ni: </p> <table style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Ahafo" title="Mkoa wa Ahafo">Ahafo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makao_makuu" title="Makao makuu">makao makuu</a> <a href="/wiki/Goaso" title="Goaso">Goaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Ashanti" title="Mkoa wa Ashanti">Ashanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makao_makuu" title="Makao makuu">makao makuu</a> <a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Bono" title="Mkoa wa Bono">Bono</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Sunyani" title="Sunyani">Sunyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Bono_Mashariki" title="Mkoa wa Bono Mashariki">Bono East</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Techiman" title="Techiman">Techiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Kati,_Ghana" title="Mkoa wa Kati, Ghana">Central</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Cape_Coast" title="Cape Coast">Cape Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Mashariki,_Ghana" title="Mkoa wa Mashariki, Ghana">Eastern</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Koforidua" title="Koforidua">Koforidua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Greater_Accra" title="Mkoa wa Greater Accra">Greater Accra</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Kaskazini,_Ghana" title="Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Ghana">Northern</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Tamale" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li></ul></td> <td style="width:1.25em;"></td> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Oti" title="Mkoa wa Oti">Oti</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Dambai" title="Dambai">Dambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Savannah" title="Mkoa wa Savannah">Savannah</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Damongo" title="Damongo">Damongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Mashariki_ya_Juu" title="Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu">Upper East</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Bolgatanga" title="Bolgatanga">Bolgatanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Magharibi_ya_Juu" title="Mkoa wa Magharibi ya Juu">Upper West</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Wa,_Ghana" title="Wa, Ghana">Wa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Volta" title="Mkoa wa Volta">Volta</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Ho,_Ghana" title="Ho, Ghana">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Magharibi,_Ghana" title="Mkoa wa Magharibi, Ghana">Western</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Sekondi-Takoradi" title="Sekondi-Takoradi">Sekondi-Takoradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Kaskazini_Magharibi" title="Mkoa wa Kaskazini Magharibi">Western North</a>, makao makuu <a href="/wiki/Wiawso" title="Wiawso">Wiawso</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idadi_ya_wakazi_katika_majiji_makubwa">Idadi ya wakazi katika majiji makubwa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Idadi ya wakazi katika majiji makubwa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Idadi ya wakazi katika majiji makubwa"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="3"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jiji </th> <th>Idadi ya Wakazi </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a> </td> <td>2,096,653 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a> </td> <td>1,604,909 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamale" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamale">Tamale</a> </td> <td>390,730 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Takoradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Takoradi">Takoradi</a> </td> <td>260,651 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tema" title="Tema">Tema</a> </td> <td>229,106 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teshie" title="Teshie">Teshie</a> </td> <td>154,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekondi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekondi">Sekondi</a> </td> <td>153,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coast" title="Cape Coast">Cape Coast</a> </td> <td>200,204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Obuasi" title="Obuasi">Obuasi</a> </td> <td>147,613 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkwa-On-uffin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunkwa-On-uffin (bado haujaandikwa)">Dunkwa-On-uffin</a> </td> <td>108,482 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Makala kuu: <a href="/wiki/Historia_ya_Ghana" title="Historia ya Ghana">Historia ya Ghana</a></i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historia_ya_kale">Historia ya kale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Hariri sehemu: Historia ya kale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Historia ya kale"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuna <a href="/wiki/Ushahidi" title="Ushahidi">ushahidi</a> kutoka kwa maarifa ya mambo ya kale ambao unaonyesha kwamba watu wameishi katika eneo linalojulikana siku hizi kama Ghana kutoka karibu miaka ya <a href="/wiki/1500_KK" title="1500 KK">1500 KK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kabla_ya_Kristo" title="Kabla ya Kristo">Kabla ya Kristo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Licha ya hayo, hakuna ushahidi wa kuonyesha kuwa wakazi hao wana uhusiano na wale wa eneo hili kwa sasa. Kwa mujibu wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mapokeo_simulizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mapokeo simulizi (bado haujaandikwa)">mapokeo simulizi</a>, mengi kati ya ma<a href="/wiki/Kabila" title="Kabila">kabila</a> ya Ghana, leo kama vile watu wa chimbuko la makabila kadhaa kama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waakan (bado haujaandikwa)">Waakan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waga (bado haujaandikwa)">Waga</a> na <a href="/wiki/Waewe" title="Waewe">Waewe</a>, walifika Ghana mnamo <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_13" title="Karne ya 13">karne ya 13</a>. </p><p>Mengi ya maeneo ya Ghana yanajumuisha eneo lililokuwa la Himaya ya Ashanti, mojawapo ya falme zilizokuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika eneo la Afrika Kusini mwa Sahara kabla ya enzi za ukoloni. </p><p>Wahamiaji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waakan (bado haujaandikwa)">Waakan</a> walihama kuelekea kusini na kuanzisha mataifa kadhaa, likiwemo lile la kwanza la himaya kuu ya Akan ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wabono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wabono (bado haujaandikwa)">Wabono</a>, ambayo kwa sasa inajulikana kama eneo la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brong_Ahafo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brong Ahafo (bado haujaandikwa)">Brong Ahafo</a> nchini Ghana. </p><p>Sehemu kubwa ya eneo la sasa la kusini na kati mwa Ghana ilikuwa imeungana chini ya Himaya ya Ashanti ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waashanti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waashanti (bado haujaandikwa)">Waashanti</a>, tawi la Waakan wa <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_16" title="Karne ya 16">karne ya 16</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg/250px-Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg/330px-Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg/500px-Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Sherehe ya Waashanti ya viazi vikuu, karne ya 19 kwa mujibu wa Thomas E. Bowdich</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Cape_coast_castle_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cape_coast_castle_II.JPG/250px-Cape_coast_castle_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cape_coast_castle_II.JPG/330px-Cape_coast_castle_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cape_coast_castle_II.JPG/500px-Cape_coast_castle_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption>Cape Coast Castle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Elmina_slave_castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Elmina_slave_castle.jpg/200px-Elmina_slave_castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Elmina_slave_castle.jpg/300px-Elmina_slave_castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Elmina_slave_castle.jpg/400px-Elmina_slave_castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption>Kasri la Elmina</figcaption></figure> <p>Utawala wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waashanti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waashanti (bado haujaandikwa)">Waashanti</a> ilihudumu mwanzoni kama mtandao mlegevu kabla ya kuwa ufalme ulioungana huku ukiwa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urasimu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urasimu (bado haujaandikwa)">urasimu</a> ulioendelea na wenye uchanganuzi mkubwa uliokuwa na makao yake <a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a>. Inasemekana kuwa katika kilele chake, Waasantehene wangeweza kutuma <a href="/wiki/Askari" title="Askari">askari</a> 500,000 <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vitani</a> na kuwa na ushawishi wa kijeshi wa kiwango fulani juu ya majirani wake wote. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thuluthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuluthi">Thuluthi</a> moja ya Waashanti wote walikuwa <a href="/wiki/Watumwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Watumwa">watumwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waga (bado haujaandikwa)">Waga</a> walianzisha <a href="/wiki/Muungano" class="mw-disambig" title="Muungano">muungano</a> wenye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ufanisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ufanisi (bado haujaandikwa)">ufanisi</a> mnamo <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a><sup id="cite_ref-encarta.msn.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta.msn.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wagonja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wagonja (bado haujaandikwa)">Wagonja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadagomba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadagomba (bado haujaandikwa)">Wadagomba</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wamamprusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wamamprusi (bado haujaandikwa)">Wamamprusi</a>, pia walipigania uwezo wa kisiasa katika <a href="/wiki/Miaka_ya_1620" title="Miaka ya 1620">miaka ya 1620</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta.msn.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta.msn.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mwanzo_wa_ukoloni">Mwanzo wa ukoloni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Hariri sehemu: Mwanzo wa ukoloni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mwanzo wa ukoloni"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mawasiliano" title="Mawasiliano">Mawasiliano</a> ya awali na Ulaya kutoka kwa Wareno, walioingia Ghana mnamo <a href="/wiki/1419" title="1419">1419</a>, yalizingatia upatikanaji wa <a href="/wiki/Dhahabu" title="Dhahabu">dhahabu</a>. Wareno walitua kwanza katika <a href="/wiki/Jiji" title="Jiji">jiji</a> la <a href="/wiki/Pwani" title="Pwani">pwani</a> lililokuwa makazi ya ufalme wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wafante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wafante (bado haujaandikwa)">Wafante</a> na kuliita eneo hili <i><a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina</a></i>, jina ambalo linamaanisha “<a href="/wiki/Mgodi" title="Mgodi">mgodi</a>” kwa <a href="/wiki/Kireno" title="Kireno">Kireno</a>. </p><p>Mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1481" title="1481">1481</a>, Mfalme <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_wa_Ureno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John II wa Ureno (bado haujaandikwa)">John II wa Ureno</a> aliagiza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diogo_de_Azambuja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diogo de Azambuja (bado haujaandikwa)">Diogo de Azambuja</a> kujenga <a href="/wiki/Kasri" title="Kasri">Kasri</a> ya Elmina, ambayo ilikamilishwa mwaka uliofuata. Lengo lao lilikuwa kufanya ubadilishanaji wa dhahabu, <a href="/wiki/Pembe_za_ndovu" title="Pembe za ndovu">pembe za ndovu</a> na watumwa, ili kuimarisha <a href="/wiki/Mamlaka" title="Mamlaka">mamlaka</a> yao yaliyokuwa yanakua kwa kasi katika eneo hilo. </p><p>Kufikia mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a> <a href="/wiki/Waholanzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Waholanzi">Waholanzi</a> walikuwa wameungana nao, na kujenga <a href="/wiki/Ngome" title="Ngome">ngome</a> katika maeneo ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komenda (bado haujaandikwa)">Komenda</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kormantsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kormantsi (bado haujaandikwa)">Kormantsi</a>. Mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>, waliiteka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasri_ya_Elmina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasri ya Elmina (bado haujaandikwa)">Kasri ya Elmina</a> kutoka kwa Wareno na vilevile <a href="/wiki/Axim" title="Axim">Axim</a> mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a> (Ngome ya Mtakatifu Antoni). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wafanyabiashara" class="mw-redirect" title="Wafanyabiashara">Wafanyabiashara</a> wengine kutoka Ulaya walijiunga nao kufikia miaka ya kati ya <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_17" title="Karne ya 17">karne ya 17</a>, hasa <a href="/wiki/Waingereza" title="Waingereza">Waingereza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadenmarki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadenmarki (bado haujaandikwa)">Wadenmarki</a> na <a href="/wiki/Waswidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Waswidi">Waswidi</a>. Wafanyabiashara Waingereza, waliovutiwa na <a href="/wiki/Rasilimali" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasilimali">rasilimali</a> katika eneo hilo, waliliita <i>Gold Coast,</i> (Pwani ya Dhahabu), huku nao wafanyabiashara <a href="/wiki/Wafaransa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wafaransa">Wafaransa</a>, wakivutiwa na mapambo waliyokuwa wakivaa watu wa pwani, wakiliita eneo la sehemu ya magharibi “Côte d'Ivoire", au Ivory Coast (pwani ya pembe za ndovu). </p><p>Zaidi ya ngome na kasri <a href="/wiki/Thelathini" title="Thelathini">thelathini</a> zilijengwa na wafanyabiashara Wareno, Waholanzi, Waingereza na Wadenmarki. </p><p>Eneo la Gold Coast lilijulikana kwa <a href="/wiki/Karne" title="Karne">karne</a> nyingi kama ‘Kaburi la Mtu Mweupe’ kwa sababu wengi kati ya Wazungu walioenda huko kutoka Ulaya walikufa kutokana na <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> na <a href="/wiki/Magonjwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Magonjwa">magonjwa</a> mengine ya eneo la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hari (bado haujaandikwa)">hari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baada ya Waholanzi kuondoka mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>, Uingereza iliiweka Gold Coast chini ya <a href="/wiki/Himaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himaya">himaya</a> yake. Kufuatia <a href="/wiki/Ushindi" title="Ushindi">ushindi</a> wa Uingereza mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>, hadi unyakuzi wa uhuru mnamo Machi 1957, eneo la Ghana ya sasa ghairi ya sehemu ya Volta Region (British Togoland), lilikuwa likijulikana kama Gold Coast. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">Vita</a> vingi vilitokea baina ya utawala wa kikoloni na baadhi ya mataifa ya eneo hilo vikiwemo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_vya_1806_vya_Ashanti-Fante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vita vya 1806 vya Ashanti-Fante (bado haujaandikwa)">Vita vya 1806 vya Ashanti-Fante</a> na mapambano ya kudumu ya Waashanti dhidi ya Waingereza, ambayo yalikoma baada ya Vita vya Tatu baina ya Waashanti na Waingereza (the third Ashanti-British War) (<a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>-<a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. ] </p><p>Hata chini ya utawala wa kikoloni ma<a href="/wiki/Chifu" title="Chifu">chifu</a> na watu wao walipinga mara kwa mara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sera (bado haujaandikwa)">sera</a> za Waingereza; hata hivyo, ushawishi wa kupinga ukoloni ulikolea baada ya <a href="/wiki/Vita_vya_Pili_vya_Dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita vya Pili vya Dunia">Vita vya Pili vya Dunia</a>. Mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> <a href="/wiki/Chama" title="Chama">chama</a> kipya cha <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Gold_Coast_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Gold Coast Convention (bado haujaandikwa)">United Gold Coast Convention</a> (UGCC) kilitoa <a href="/wiki/Wito" title="Wito">wito</a> wa “utawala wa kujitegemea katika wakati mfupi iwezekanavyo.”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuelekea_uhuru">Kuelekea uhuru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Hariri sehemu: Kuelekea uhuru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Kuelekea uhuru"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baada ya kuongezeka kwa <a href="/wiki/Maandamano" title="Maandamano">maandamano</a> mnamo 1948, wanachama wa chama cha United Gold Coast Convention walikamatwa, akiwemo <a href="/wiki/Waziri_Mkuu" title="Waziri Mkuu">Waziri Mkuu</a> na <a href="/wiki/Rais" title="Rais">Rais</a> wa baadaye, <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a>. Baadaye, Nkrumah aliunda chama chake mwenyewe, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convention_People%27s_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convention People's Party (bado haujaandikwa)">Convention People's Party</a> (CPP) ambacho kiliongozwa na usemi ‘serikali ya kujitegemea sasa’ (self government now). Alianzisha kampeni ya ‘Vitendo Chanya’ na kupata ufuasi wa watu wa sehemu za ma<a href="/wiki/Shamba" title="Shamba">shambani</a> na wa <a href="/wiki/Daraja" title="Daraja">daraja</a> la <a href="/wiki/Wafanyakazi" title="Wafanyakazi">wafanyakazi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kwa mara nyingine Nkrumah alishikwa na kuzuiliwa kwa kuwa msimamizi wa chama ambacho kilisababisha ususiaji, migomo na vitendo vingine vya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uasi (bado haujaandikwa)">uasi</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Raia" title="Raia">raia</a>. </p><p>Hata hivyo, baada ya kushinda wingi wa viti katika Bunge ya Kuunda Sheria mnamo <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>, Kwame Nkrumah aliachiliwa na kuchaguliwa kuwa Kiongozi wa Masuala ya Serikali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baada_ya_uhuru">Baada ya uhuru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Hariri sehemu: Baada ya uhuru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Baada ya uhuru"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Independence_Arch_-_Accra,_Ghana1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Independence_Arch_-_Accra%2C_Ghana1.jpg/250px-Independence_Arch_-_Accra%2C_Ghana1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Independence_Arch_-_Accra%2C_Ghana1.jpg/330px-Independence_Arch_-_Accra%2C_Ghana1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Independence_Arch_-_Accra%2C_Ghana1.jpg/500px-Independence_Arch_-_Accra%2C_Ghana1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Tao la Uhuru, Accra</figcaption></figure> <p>Baada ya mazungumzo na Uingereza, hatimaye tarehe 6 Machi 1957 saa sita usiku, Kwame Nkrumah alitangaza Ghana kuwa “huru milele”.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bendera" title="Bendera">Bendera</a> iliyokuwa na <a href="/wiki/Rangi" title="Rangi">rangi</a> <a href="/wiki/Nyekundu" title="Nyekundu">nyekundu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhahabu" title="Dhahabu">dhahabu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kijani_kibichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kijani kibichi (bado haujaandikwa)">kijani kibichi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Nyota" title="Nyota">nyota</a> <a href="/wiki/Nyeusi" title="Nyeusi">nyeusi</a> ilikuwa bendera mpya mnamo 1957. Bendera hiyo iliundwa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodosia_Salome_Okoh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodosia Salome Okoh (bado haujaandikwa)">Theodosia Salome Okoh</a>, na rangi nyekundu inawakilisha <a href="/wiki/Damu" title="Damu">damu</a> iliyomwagwa ili kupata uhuru, rangi ya dhahabu inawakilisha <a href="/wiki/Ukwasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukwasi">ukwasi</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Madini" title="Madini">madini</a> wa Ghana, ile ya kijani kibichi inaashiria <a href="/wiki/Utajiri" title="Utajiri">utajiri</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Kilimo" title="Kilimo">kilimo</a> na ile nyeusi ni <a href="/wiki/Ishara" title="Ishara">ishara</a> ya Uhuru wa Waafrika.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Huku ikiundwa kutoka kwa muungano wa maeneo ya Gold Coast na British Togoland kufuatia matokeo ya <a href="/wiki/Kura_ya_maoni" title="Kura ya maoni">kura ya maoni</a> ya watu yaliyodhaminiwa na Umoja wa Mataifa mnamo <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>, Ghana ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza ya Afrika Kusini mwa Sahara kunyakua uhuru mnamo 1957. </p><p>Kwame Nkrumah, Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza na baadaye Rais wa nchi ya sasa ya Ghana, hakuwa tu kiongozi wa Kiafrika wa kupigana dhidi ya ukoloni ila alikuwa pia mtu aliyekuwa na <a href="/wiki/Ndoto" title="Ndoto">ndoto</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Muungano_wa_Afrika" title="Muungano wa Afrika">muungano wa Afrika</a> ambayo haingejipata katika <a href="/wiki/Ukoloni_mamboleo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukoloni mamboleo">ukoloni mamboleo</a>. Alikuwa kiongozi wa serikali ya kwanza Afrika kukuza Muungano wa Waafrika (Pan-Africanism), wazo ambalo alilipata wakati wa masomo yake katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuo_Kikuu_Cha_Lincoln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuo Kikuu Cha Lincoln (bado haujaandikwa)">Chuo Kikuu Cha Lincoln</a> lililoko <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marekani" title="Marekani">Marekani</a>), wakati ambapo <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a> alikuwa anapata umaarufu kwa <a href="/wiki/Harakati" title="Harakati">harakati</a> zake za “Back to Africa Movement." Aliunganisha ndoto za Macus Garvey na zile za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwanachuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mwanachuo (bado haujaandikwa)">mwanachuo</a> mashuhuri Mmarekani Mweusi <a href="/w/index.php?title=W.E.B._Du_Bois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.E.B. Du Bois (bado haujaandikwa)">W.E.B. Du Bois</a> ili kuandaa Ghana kisasa. </p><p>Kanuni za Ghana za uhuru na <a href="/wiki/Haki" title="Haki">haki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usawa (bado haujaandikwa)">usawa</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elimu_ya_bure_kwa_wote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elimu ya bure kwa wote (bado haujaandikwa)">elimu ya bure kwa wote</a>, bila kujali <a href="/wiki/Kabila" title="Kabila">kabila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dini" title="Dini">dini</a> au <a href="/wiki/Mila" title="Mila">mila</a>, zinatokana na utekelezaji wa wazo la Pan-Africanism. </p><p>Ingawa lengo lake la muungano wa Afrika halikuwahi kuafikiwa, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, kama ajulikanavyo sasa, alishiriki kwa kiwango kikubwa katika kuzinduliwa kwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirika_la_Umoja_wa_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirika la Umoja wa Afrika (bado haujaandikwa)">Shirika la Umoja wa Afrika</a>, ambalo lilifuatwa mnamo 2002 na Umoja wa Afrika (African Union). Ingawa Nkrumah aliheshimika sana ng’ambo, hakuwa akipendwa katika masuala ya ndani ya nchi.<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Shillington_575_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Shillington_575-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hakufeli tu kuanzisha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uchumi_wa_viwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uchumi wa viwanda (bado haujaandikwa)">uchumi wa viwanda</a>, ila hata sera zake hukusu <a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a> ziliishia kuifanya nchi ya Ghana kuwa <a href="/wiki/Maskini" title="Maskini">maskini</a> kuliko ilivyokuwa wakati wa kupata uhuru. Mafanikio yake yalikuwa kutambuliwa na raia wa Ghana wakati wa maadhimisho ya kuzaliwa Centenary wake na siku aliliweka kama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Likizo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Likizo (bado haujaandikwa)">likizo</a> umma nchini Ghana. </p><p>Hatimaye Nkrumah aliondolewa <a href="/wiki/Madaraka" title="Madaraka">madarakani</a> na <a href="/wiki/Jeshi" title="Jeshi">jeshi</a> alipokuwa ng’ambo mnamo Februari <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>, na mabadiliko hayo yalikaribishwa na wengi wa wakazi wa Ghana. Inaaminika na wengi wa wachanganuzi wa masuala ya kisiasa kwamba shirika la Marekani la Central Intelligence Agency (<a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>) lilihusika na <a href="/wiki/Mapinduzi" title="Mapinduzi">mapinduzi</a> hayo, lakini wazo hilo halijawahi kuthibitishwa. </p><p>Mfululizo wa baadaye wa mapinduzi kati ya 1966 na <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> uliishia kwa kuingia madarakani kwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuteni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liuteni (bado haujaandikwa)">Liuteni</a> wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeshi_la_Wanahewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeshi la Wanahewa (bado haujaandikwa)">Jeshi la Wanahewa</a> (Flight Lieutenant) <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings" title="Jerry Rawlings">Jerry Rawlings</a> mwaka wa 1981. </p><p>Mabadiliko hayo yalisababisha kusimamishwa kwa <a href="/wiki/Katiba" title="Katiba">katiba</a> ya nchi mnamo 1981 na kupigwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marufuku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marufuku (bado haujaandikwa)">marufuku</a> kwa <a href="/wiki/Vyama_vya_kisiasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyama vya kisiasa">vyama vya kisiasa</a>. Uchumi ulishuka sana punde baadaye, na Waghana wengi walihamia nchi zingine. Ingawa wengi wa Waghana waliohama walienda <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, serikali ya Nigeria iliwarudisha Ghana karibu Waghana <a href="/wiki/Milioni" title="Milioni">milioni</a> moja mwaka wa 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Punde baadaye, Rawlings aliafikiana na shirika la <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> juu ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mkataba_wa_mpango_wa_maendeleo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mkataba wa mpango wa maendeleo (bado haujaandikwa)">mkataba wa mpango wa maendeleo</a> (structural development plan) na kubadili sera nyingi za awali za uchumi na hivyo uchumi ukaanza kukua. </p><p>Katiba mpya iliyorudisha mfumo wa siasa za <a href="/wiki/Vyama_vingi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyama vingi">vyama vingi</a> ilitangazwa mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>, na Rawlings alichaguliwa kuwa Rais na tena mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. Katiba ya mwaka wa 1992 ilimzuia kuwania kiti hicho kwa muhula wa tatu, kwa hivyo chama chake, National Democratic Congress, kilimchagua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Makamu</a> wake wa Rais, <a href="/wiki/John_Atta_Mills" title="John Atta Mills">John Atta Mills</a>, kuwania urais dhidi ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyama_vya_upinzani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyama vya upinzani (bado haujaandikwa)">vyama vya upinzani</a>. </p><p>Huku akishinda <a href="/wiki/Uchaguzi" title="Uchaguzi">uchaguzi</a> wa mwaka <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kufuor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kufuor (bado haujaandikwa)">John Kufuor</a> wa chama pinzani cha New Patriotic aliapishwa kama Rais mnamo Januari <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>, na kumshinda tena Mills mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>; hivyo kuhudumia kama Rais kwa mihula miwili. </p><p>Mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>, John Atta Mills alichukua <a href="/wiki/Mamlaka" title="Mamlaka">mamlaka</a> huku kukiwa na tofauti ndogo sana ya kura 40,000 ambazo ni 0.46% <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kati ya chama chake, National Democratic Congress, na kile cha New Patriotic Party, tukio hili likiwa la pili la ubadilishanaji wa mamlaka kutoka kwa kiongozi mmoja aliyechaguliwa kihalali kwa mwingine, na hivyo kuimarisha hadhi ya Ghana kama <a href="/wiki/Demokrasia" title="Demokrasia">demokrasia</a> iliyo imara.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ghana_regions_named.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ghana_regions_named.png/180px-Ghana_regions_named.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Ghana_regions_named.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Maeneo ya Ghana</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serikali_na_siasa">Serikali na siasa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Hariri sehemu: Serikali na siasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Serikali na siasa"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Makala kuu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siasa_ya_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siasa ya Ghana (bado haujaandikwa)">Siasa ya Ghana</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Supreme_Court_of_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Supreme_Court_of_Ghana.jpg/250px-Supreme_Court_of_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Supreme_Court_of_Ghana.jpg/330px-Supreme_Court_of_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Supreme_Court_of_Ghana.jpg/500px-Supreme_Court_of_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Jengo la Mahakama Kuu (The Supreme Court Building), Accra</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ghana%27s_50th_Independence_Anniversary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ghana%27s_50th_Independence_Anniversary.jpg/250px-Ghana%27s_50th_Independence_Anniversary.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ghana%27s_50th_Independence_Anniversary.jpg/330px-Ghana%27s_50th_Independence_Anniversary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ghana%27s_50th_Independence_Anniversary.jpg/500px-Ghana%27s_50th_Independence_Anniversary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Maadhimisho ya Ghana ya miaka 50 ya utaifa</figcaption></figure> <p>Kwa mujibu wa Fahirisi ya Mataifa Yaliyoanguka (Failed States Index), Ghana inaorodheshwa katika nambari ya 53 baina ya mataifa ambayo hayajaanguka huku likiorodheshwa kwa nafasi ya pili baina ya mataifa ya Afrika baada ya Mauritius. Taifa la Ghana liliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 124 baina ya nchi 177 katika fahirisi hii na liliainishwa kama taifa la wastani.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilevile, nchi ya Ghana imo katika nafasi ya 7 baina ya nchi 48 za Afrika zilizo Kusini mwa Sahara katika fahirisi ya mwaka wa 2008 ya Ibrahim Index of African Governance ambayo ilitokana na hakiki za mwaka wa 2006. Fahirisi ya Ibrahim ni kipimo chenye uchanganuzi mwingi kuhusu maswala ya utawala barani Afrika, kinachotokana na maswala ya mabadiliko tofautitofauti ambayo huashiria kufuzu kwa serikali wakati wa kutoa huduma muhimu za kisiasa kwa wananchi wao.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serikali">Serikali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Hariri sehemu: Serikali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Serikali"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taifa la Ghana lilianzishwa kama demokrasia ya bunge wakati wa kupata uhuru mnamo mwaka wa 1957, ikifuatiwa na ubadilishanaji wa serikali za kijeshi na za kiraia. Mnamo Januari 1993, serikali ya kijeshi iliondoka na kuipisha Jamhuri ya Nne baada ya uchaguzi wa urais na ubunge mnamo mwisho wa mwaka wa 1992. Katiba ya 1992 inagawa mamlaka kati ya Rais, Bunge, Baraza la Mawaziri, Baraza la Taifa na mahakama huru. Serikali huchaguliwa na upigaji kura wa haki kwa wote; ingawa bunge halina uwiano kabisa kwani wilaya zilizo na watu wachache hupata wawakilishi wengi kwa kila mtu zikilinganishwa na wilaya ambazo zina idadi ya juu ya wakazi.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mfumo_wa_Mahakama">Mfumo wa Mahakama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Hariri sehemu: Mfumo wa Mahakama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Mfumo wa Mahakama"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mfumo wa kisheria unatokana na ule wa Uingereza yaani British common law, sheria za kimila (kitamaduni), na katiba ya mwaka wa 1992. Daraja za mahakama hujumuisha Mahakama Kuu ya Ghana (mahakama ya juu zaidi), Mahakama za Rufaa na Mahakama Kuu za Kisheria. Chini ya mahakama hizi kuna mahakama za kuzunguka, mahakama za hakimu, na mahakama za kitamaduni. Taasisi zingine zisizo chini ya sheria ni pamoja na mahakama za umma. Tangu unyakuzi wa uhuru, mahakama zimekuwa huru kwa kiwango fulani; uhuru huu unaendelea chini ya Jamhuri ya Nne. Mahakama za chini zinadhahirishwa na kupangwa upya chini ya utawala wa Jamhuri ya Nne.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Kofi_Annan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kofi_Annan.jpg/120px-Kofi_Annan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kofi_Annan.jpg/250px-Kofi_Annan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Kofi Annan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siasa">Siasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Hariri sehemu: Siasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Siasa"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vyama vya kisiasa vilihalalishwa katikati mwa mwaka wa 1992 baada ya kupigwa marufuku kwa miaka kumi. Kuna vyama vingi vya kiasisa chini ya Jamhuri ya Nne; hata hivyo vile vikubwa ni National Democratic Congress kilichoshinda uchaguzi wa urais na ubunge mnamo 1992, 1996 na 2008; New Patriotic Party, chama kikubwa cha upinzani kilichoshinda uchaguzi wa mwaka wa 2000 na ule wa 2004; People’s National Convention, na Convention People’s Party, ambacho kilichukua mahali pa chama cha awali cha Kwame Nkrumah kilichokuwa na jina lilo hilo.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahusiano_ya_Kigeni">Mahusiano ya Kigeni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Hariri sehemu: Mahusiano ya Kigeni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Mahusiano ya Kigeni"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tangu unyakuzi wa uhuru, Ghana imefuata kwa dhati mwelekeo wa kutojiunga na upande wa kibepari au ule wa kikomunisti (nonalignment) na pia siasa zinazopendelea siasa za umoja wa Afrika (Pan-Africanism); mawazo ambayo yanahusishwa na rais wa kwanza, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. Nchi ya Ghana inapendele31ushirikiano wa kimataifa na wa kikanda wa kisiasa na wa kiuchumi, na ni mwanachama mwenye mashuhuri wa Umoja wa Mataifa na Umoja wa Afrika.<sup title="References are needed for the previous part of the text." class="noprint">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kuonyesha_vyanzo" title="Wikipedia:Kuonyesha vyanzo"><i>onesha uthibitisho</i></a>]</sup> </p><p>Wanadiplomasia na wanasiasa wengi Waghana wana vyeo katika mashirika ya kimataifa. Hawa ni pamoja na mwanadiplomasia Mghana na Katibu Mkuu wa zamani wa Umoja wa Mataifa, Kofi Annan, Jaji wa Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai Akua Kuenyehia, na rais wa zamani Jerry Rawlings, ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika Magharibi (Economic Community of West African States).<sup id="cite_ref-cs_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wakazi">Wakazi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Hariri sehemu: Wakazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Wakazi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ghana_Larabanga_mosque01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ghana_Larabanga_mosque01.jpg/250px-Ghana_Larabanga_mosque01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ghana_Larabanga_mosque01.jpg/330px-Ghana_Larabanga_mosque01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2499" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Msikiti wa Larabanga, uliojengwa katika karne ya 13, Larabanga</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Wesley_Methodist_Cathedral,_Kumasi,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wesley_Methodist_Cathedral%2C_Kumasi%2C_Ghana.jpg/160px-Wesley_Methodist_Cathedral%2C_Kumasi%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wesley_Methodist_Cathedral%2C_Kumasi%2C_Ghana.jpg/240px-Wesley_Methodist_Cathedral%2C_Kumasi%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wesley_Methodist_Cathedral%2C_Kumasi%2C_Ghana.jpg/320px-Wesley_Methodist_Cathedral%2C_Kumasi%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kanisa_kuu" title="Kanisa kuu">Kanisa kuu</a> la <a href="/wiki/Wamethodisti" title="Wamethodisti">Kimethodisti</a> Wesley, Kumasi</figcaption></figure> <p>Nchi ya Ghana ina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa <a href="/wiki/Milioni" title="Milioni">milioni</a> 27. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makabila">Makabila</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Hariri sehemu: Makabila" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Makabila"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ingawa Ghana ni kiambo cha zaidi ya ma<a href="/wiki/Kabila" title="Kabila">kabila</a> 70 tofauti, haijashuhudia migogoro ya kikabila kama ile ambayo imesababisha <a href="/wiki/Vita_vya_wenyewe_kwa_wenyewe" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe">vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe</a> katika nchi nyingi za Afrika<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Makabila nchini Ghana ni ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waakan (bado haujaandikwa)">Waakan</a> (ambalo linajumuisha Fante, Akyem, Ashanti, Kwahu, Akuapem, Nzema, Bono, Akwamu, Ahanta na makabila mengine) 45.7%, Wamole-Dagbon 18.5%, Waewe 12.8%, Waga-Adangbe (likijumuisha Ga, Adangbe, Ada, Krobo na makabila mengine) 7.1%, Wabassare 5.9%, Wakonkomba 5.7%, Waguan 3.2%, Wagurunsi 2.7%, Wakusasi 2.2%, Wabissa 1.1%, mengine (<a href="/wiki/Wahausa" title="Wahausa">Wahausa</a>, Wazabarema, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wafula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wafula (bado haujaandikwa)">Wafula</a>) 1.4% (sensa ya 2021). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lugha">Lugha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Hariri sehemu: Lugha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Lugha"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lugha_rasmi" title="Lugha rasmi">Lugha rasmi</a> ni Kiingereza; hutumika sana katika masuala ya serikali na <a href="/wiki/Biashara" title="Biashara">biashara</a>. Lugha hiyo vilevile ndiyo inayotumika katika mafundisho ya <a href="/wiki/Elimu" title="Elimu">elimu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kifaransa" title="Kifaransa">Kifaransa</a> pia kinajulikana sana na kiko mbioni kufanywa lugha rasmi ya pili. </p><p>Hata hivyo, Waghana wengi pia huzungumza kwa kiasi <a href="/wiki/Lugha" title="Lugha">lugha</a> moja ya kikabila. </p><p>Ingawa wataalamu wengine wanasema nchini Ghana huzungumzwa zaidi ya lugha na lugha ndogo 250, <i>Ethnologue</i> inaziorodhesha 79 tu (angalia pia <a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_lugha_za_Ghana" title="Orodha ya lugha za Ghana">orodha ya lugha za Ghana</a>). Lugha za asili za Ghana zimegawanywa katika jamii mbili ndogo kutokana na jamii ya <a href="/wiki/Lugha_za_Kiniger-Kongo" title="Lugha za Kiniger-Kongo">lugha za Kiniger-Kongo</a>. </p><p>Lugha za jamii ndogo ya Kwa zinapatikana zaidi katika maeneo ya kusini mwa Mto Volta, huku zile za jamii ya Gur zikipatikana katika eneo la kaskazini. Kikundi cha Kwa, lugha ambayo huzungumzwa na takribani 75% ya wakazi wa nchi, kinajumuisha lugha za Akan, Ga-Dangme na Ewe. Kikundi cha Gur kinajumuisha lugha za Gurma, Grusi, na Dagbani.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lugha kumi na moja zina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadhi (bado haujaandikwa)">hadhi</a> ya kuwa lugha zinazodhaminiwa na serikali: Akuapem Twi, Ashanti Twi, Fante, Nzema, Dagaare/Wale, Dagbani, Dangme, Ewe, Ga, Gonja na Kasem. </p><p>Ingawa si lugha rasmi, <a href="/wiki/Kihausa" title="Kihausa">Kihausa</a> ndiyo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lugha_ya_mawasiliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugha ya mawasiliano (bado haujaandikwa)">lugha ya mawasiliano</a> inayozungumzwa na Waislamu wa Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dini">Dini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Hariri sehemu: Dini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Dini"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kwa mujibu wa <a href="/wiki/Sensa" title="Sensa">sensa</a> ya serikali ya mwaka 2021, mgawanyiko wa kidini ni: <a href="/wiki/Wakristo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakristo">Wakristo</a> 71.3% (hasa <a href="/wiki/Uprotestanti" title="Uprotestanti">Waprotestanti</a> 49% na <a href="/wiki/Kanisa_Katoliki" title="Kanisa Katoliki">Wakatoliki</a> 10%), <a href="/wiki/Waislamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Waislamu">Waislamu</a> 20%, <a href="/wiki/Dini_asilia_za_Kiafrika" title="Dini asilia za Kiafrika">dini asilia za Kiafrika</a> 3.2% <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afya">Afya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Hariri sehemu: Afya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Afya"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kufikia mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>, matarajio ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urefu_wa_maisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urefu wa maisha (bado haujaandikwa)">urefu wa maisha</a> (life expectancy) wakati wa kuzaliwa ni takriban miaka 59 kwa wanaume na 60 kwa wanawake <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> huku makisio ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vifo_vya_watoto_wachanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vifo vya watoto wachanga (bado haujaandikwa)">vifo vya watoto wachanga</a> yakiwa 51 kwa watoto 1000 waliozaliwa hai <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Hesabu ya watoto wanaozaliwa pia ni takriban watoto wanne kwa kila mwanamke. Kuna takriban ma<a href="/wiki/Daktari" title="Daktari">daktari</a> 15 na <a href="/wiki/Wauguzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wauguzi">wauguzi</a> 93 kwa watu 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-afro.who.int_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afro.who.int-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asilimia 4.5 ya <a href="/wiki/Pato_la_Taifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pato la Taifa">Pato la Taifa</a> lilitumika kwa masuala ya afya mwaka wa 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-afro.who.int_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afro.who.int-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Watu_na_Utamaduni">Watu na Utamaduni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Hariri sehemu: Watu na Utamaduni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Watu na Utamaduni"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ghana ni nchi iliyo na makabila mbalimbali; kwa hivyo ni mchanganyiko wa tamaduni wa makabila yake yote, Ashanti, Fante, Akyem, Kwahu, Ga, Ewe, Mamprusi na Dagomba, baina ya mengine. Jambo hili linadhihirika katika upishi, sanaa na desturi ya mavazi ya Ghana. </p><p>Maadhimisho ya tamasha nchini Ghana ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Ghana na kuna tamasha nyingi kama vile Homowo, Odwira, Aboakyer, Dodoleglime na Sandema baina ya zingine. Ibada na mila kadha wa kadha hufanywa wakati wote wa mwaka katika sehemu mbali mbali za nchi, zikiwemo zile za kuzaliwa, ibada za mpito maishani kama vile kubalehe, ndoa na kifo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Michezo">Michezo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Hariri sehemu: Michezo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Michezo"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Stadium_tamale2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Stadium_tamale2.jpg/250px-Stadium_tamale2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Stadium_tamale2.jpg/330px-Stadium_tamale2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Stadium_tamale2.jpg/500px-Stadium_tamale2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Uwanja wa michezo wa Tamale</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Vida_Anim_Berlin_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vida_Anim_Berlin_2009.jpg/120px-Vida_Anim_Berlin_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Vida_Anim_Berlin_2009.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Vida Anim, mwanamichezo Mghana</figcaption></figure> <p>Soka ndiwo mchezo ulio na umaarufu zaidi nchini. Timu za kitaifa za soka ya wanaume zinajulikana kama The Black Stars, the Black Satellites na the Black Starlets na timu hizi hushiriki katika michuano mingi ikiwemo ile ya <a href="/wiki/Kombe_la_Mataifa_ya_Afrika" title="Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika">Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika</a>, Kombe la Dunia la FIFA na Kombe la Dunia la FIFA kwa walio chini ya miaka 20. Timu ya the Black Satellites ilishinda Kombe la Dunia la FIFA kwa walio chini ya miaka 20 mnamo 2009 baada ya kushinda timu ya Brazili ya Seleção. Kuna timu za soka kadhaa nchini Ghana za kutajika zaidi zikiwa Accra Hearts ya Oak SC na Asante Kotoko baina ya zingine. Baadhi ya wachezaji wa soka wa Ghana wanaojulikana katika daraja ya kimataifa au waliopata ufanisi katika soka ya Ulaya ni Abedi Pele, Ibrahim Abdul Razak, Tony Yeboah, Anthony Annan, John Paintsil, Asamoah Gyan, Samuel Osei Kuffour, Richard Kingston, Sulley Muntari, Laryea Kingston, Stephen Appiah, Andre Ayew, Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu, Dominic Adiyiah na Michael Essien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desturi_ya_Mavazi">Desturi ya Mavazi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Hariri sehemu: Desturi ya Mavazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Desturi ya Mavazi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ewe_kente_stripes,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg/250px-Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg/330px-Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2810" data-file-height="2115" /></a><figcaption>Kitambaa cha Ewe katika muundo wa Kente</figcaption></figure> <p>Kufumwa kwa vitambaa ni kitengo muhimu cha utamaduni wa Ghana. Vitambaa hivi hutumika kutengeneza mavazi ya kiasili na ya kisasa. Michoro na rangi tofauti humaanisha vitu tofauti. Pengine Kente ndicho kitambaa mashuhuri zaidi baina ya vitambaa vyote vya Ghana. <i>Kente</i> ni kitambaa cha sherehe cha Waashanti ambacho kinatengenezwa kwa mkono kwenye kitanda cha mfumi. Vipande vya takribani inchi nne kwa upana hushonwa pamoja ili kuwa vitambaa vikubwa zaidi. Vitambaa hivi huwa katika rangi, ukubwa na namna tofautitofauti na huvaliwa wakati wa hafla muhimu sana za kijamii au kidini. </p><p>Katika muktadha wa kitamaduni, kitambaa cha kente kina umuhimu zaidi ya vazi tu. Ni uwakilishi wa kuonekana wa historia, na pia aina ya lugha iliyoandikwa kwa kufuma. Neno Kente lina mizizi yake katika neno la Kitwi <i>kenten</i> ambalo lina maana ya kikapu. Wasusi wa kwanza wa kente walitumia nyuzi za ukindu kufuma vitambaa vilivyoonekana kama kenten (kikapu); na hivyo vilikuwa vinaitwa kenten ntoma; kumanisha kitambaa cha kikapu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jina_la_kiasili_la_Kiasante_la_kitambaa_hiki_lilikuwa_nsaduaso_au_nwontoma,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jina la kiasili la Kiasante la kitambaa hiki lilikuwa nsaduaso au nwontoma, (bado haujaandikwa)">Jina la kiasili la Kiasante la kitambaa hiki lilikuwa <i>nsaduaso</i> au <i>nwontoma,</i></a> kumaanisha “kitambaa kilichotengenezwa kwa mkono kwenye kitanda cha mfumi”; hata hivyo neno kente ndilo hutumika zaidi na watu wengi siku hizi. Aina nyingi tofauti za vipande vyembamba vya vitambaa vinavyofanana na <i>kente</i> hufumwa na makabila mengi tofauti nchini Ghana kama Ewe, Ga na mengine ya Afrika. Kente pia hupendwa na Waafrika wanaoishi katika nchi za ng’ambo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muziki">Muziki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Hariri sehemu: Muziki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Muziki"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Makala kuu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muziki_wa_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muziki wa Ghana (bado haujaandikwa)">Muziki wa Ghana</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Dashiki_and_kufi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Dashiki_and_kufi.jpg/250px-Dashiki_and_kufi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Dashiki_and_kufi.jpg/330px-Dashiki_and_kufi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Dashiki_and_kufi.jpg/500px-Dashiki_and_kufi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1604" data-file-height="1074" /></a><figcaption>Wapiga ngoma Waghana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Axatse_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Axatse_Ghana.jpg/100px-Axatse_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Axatse_Ghana.jpg/150px-Axatse_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Axatse_Ghana.jpg/200px-Axatse_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Axatse</figcaption></figure> <p>Nchi ya Ghana ina aina nyingi ya muziki wa kitamaduni na wa kisasa. Midundo hii hutofautiana kutoka kabila moja hadi jingine na eneo moja hadi lingine. Muziki wa Ghana unajumuisha aina nyingi tofauti za vyombo vya muziki kama vile ngoma za talking drum ensembles, zeze ya goje na kinubi cha koloko, muziki wa jumba la mfalme, ikiwemo miziki ya Waakan wa Atumpan, wa Waga wa mitindo ya Kpanlogo, na marimba ya gogo itumikayo katika muziki wa Waasonko. Aina za muziki ambazo zinajulikana zaidi kutoka Ghana ni Afro-jazz ambayo ilifumbuliwa na msanii Mghana Kofi Ghanaba.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na aina ya awali zaidi ya muziki wa kidunia inayoitwa Highlife. Highlife ni muziki uliochimbuka katika miaka ya mwisho ya 1800 na miaka ya mwanzo ya 1900 na kuenea kote Afrika Magharibi hasa Sierra Leone na Nigeria. Katika miaka ya 1900 aina mpya ya muziki ilizinduliwa na vijana huku ikiunganisha jinsi za Highlife, Afro-reggae, Dancehall na Hiphop. Mchanganyiko huu huitwa Hiplife. Wasanii wa Ghana kama vile mwimbaji wa R&B na Soul Rhian Benson, mwimbaji wa Highlife Kojo Antwi na msanii wa rap Tinchy Stryder (Kwasi Danquah) wamekuwa na ufanisi wa kimataifa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ngoma">Ngoma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Hariri sehemu: Ngoma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Ngoma"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ngoma (densi) ya Ghana ina tofauti mithili ya muziki wake. Kila kabila lina ngoma zake za kitamaduni na kuna ngoma tofauti tofauti kwa hafla tofauti tofauti. Kuna ngoma za mazishi, sherehe za maadhimisho, usimulizi wa hadithi, sifa na kuabudu na kadhalika. Baadhi ya ngoma hizi ni: </p><p><b>Bamaya</b> Ngoma hii huchezwa na watu wa eneo la kaskazini mwa Ghana. Inasimulia hekaya ya wakati wa ukame mkubwa. Miungu iliwaambia watu kuwa ukame huo ulikuwa umeletwa na jinsi wanaume walikuwa wakiwakandamiza na kuwatweza wanawake. Ilisema pia kwamba ukame ungeondolewa tu pale wanaume wangejizusha na kuchukua majukumu waliyokuwa wamewatwika wanawake kwa kuvaa marinda na kushiriki katika ngoma hii. Wanaume walipofanya hivi, mvua ilianza kunyesha. Kwa sasa ngoma hii huchezwa wakati wa mavuno katika eneo la kaskazini magharibi mwa Ghana na wanaume pamoja na wanawake wa Dagbani. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Dance_performance_in_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dance_performance_in_Ghana.jpg/250px-Dance_performance_in_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dance_performance_in_Ghana.jpg/330px-Dance_performance_in_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dance_performance_in_Ghana.jpg/500px-Dance_performance_in_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Wacheza ngoma wa Ghana</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Adowa</b> Ngoma ya watu wa Ashanti wa Ghana. Ngoma hii inatajika hasa kwa madaha na weledi wa mzunguko wa wachezaji. Upigaji ngoma pia unasifika kwa weledi wa mfuatano wa sauti zinazochanganyika na ngoma mbili za atumpan ambazo zinatumika kama ngoma za kuongoza au ngoma simamizi. Ngoma hii ilikuwa awali ikichezwa katika mazishi, lakini kwa sasa inachezwa pia katika tamasha za kila mwaka na mikusanyiko ya kijamii. </p><p><b>Kpanlongo</b> huchezwa na watu wa Ga wa Ghana. Ngoma hii ya Kpanlongo ambayo mara nyingi huitwa “ngoma ya vijana,” ilianza kuchezwa punde tu baada ya unyakuzi wa Uhuru wa Ghana kama aina ya muziki wa burudani jijini Accra. Kpanlongo huchezwa kwa sasa kwa matukio yanayohusu maisha, tamasha na mikutano ya kisiasa. </p><p><b>Klama</b> Huu ni muziki na ngoma ambayo inahusishwa na ibada za kubalehe kati ya watu wa Krobo wa Ghana. Inasisitiza kusonga kwa madaha kwa mikono na miguu. Huku wakipiga hatua ndogo kuambatana na muziki na wakigeuza vichwa kwa utaratibu kuangalia chini, wacheza ngoma huwa mfano wa madahiro tulivu. Tofauti baina ya hatua za wachezaji zinanuiwa kuonyesha uzuri wa wacheza ngoma. Mara kwa mara, wachumba wanaotazama ngoma hii kutoka pembeni huzuru jamii ya msichana baada ya sherehe kwa madhumuni ya kumposa msichana huyo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vyombo_vya_Habari_na_Burudani">Vyombo vya Habari na Burudani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Hariri sehemu: Vyombo vya Habari na Burudani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Vyombo vya Habari na Burudani"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Miss_Ghana_08_Frances_Takyi_Mensah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Miss_Ghana_08_Frances_Takyi_Mensah.jpg/120px-Miss_Ghana_08_Frances_Takyi_Mensah.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Miss_Ghana_08_Frances_Takyi_Mensah.jpg/250px-Miss_Ghana_08_Frances_Takyi_Mensah.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Miss Ghana 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Vyombo vya habari vya Ghana ni mojawapo ya vile vilivyo na uhuru zaidi barani Afrika. Hapo awali, vilikuwa vimewekewa vizuizi vingi wakati wa mfululizo wa mapinduzi ya serikali na viongozi wa jeshi. Sura ya 12 ya katiba ya 1992 ya Ghana inatoa hakikisho la uhuru na kujisimamia kwa vyombo vya habari huku Sura ya 2 ikizuia uthibiti.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baada ya kujinyakulia uhuru, serikali na vyombo vya habari vimekuwa mara kwa mara vikiwa na uhusiano ulio na mvutano, huku mashirika ya kibinafsi yakifungwa wakati wa mapinduzi ya kijeshi na sheria kali ili kuzuia ukosoaji wa serikali.<sup id="cite_ref-Anokwa_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anokwa-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uhuru wa vyombo vya habari ulirejeshwa mnamo mwaka wa 1992, na baada ya uchaguzi wa 2000 wa John Kufuor mivutano kati ya vyombo vya habari vya kibinafsi na serikali ilipungua. Kufuor alikuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa uhuru wa vyombo vya habari na alifuta sheria ya masingizio, ingawa alisisitiza kuwa ni lazima vyombo vya habari vifanye kazi kwa uwajibikaji.<sup id="cite_ref-pr_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vyombo vya habari vya Ghana vimeelezwa kuwa “baadhi ya vile visivyo na uthibiti mkubwa na serikali mwingi” barani Afrika, huku vikifanya kazi vikiwa na masharti machache mno kwa vyombo vya habari vya kibinafsi. Vyombo vya habari vya kibinafsi mara kwa mara hukosoa sera za serikali.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vyombo vya habari vilifanya kazi kwa bidii wakati wa uchaguzi wa rais wa Ghana wa mwaka wa 2008, na Chama cha Wanahabari wa Ghana (Ghanaian Journalists Association (GJA)) kilimpongeza John Atta Mills kwa ushindi wake, huku kikinuia kukuza uhusiano mwema baina ya vyombo vya habari na serikali.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elimu">Elimu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Hariri sehemu: Elimu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Elimu"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kiwango cha kujua kusoma na kuandika kwa watu wazima kilikuwa 65% mnamo 2007, huku wanaume wakiwa 71.7% na wanawake wakiwa 58.3%. </p><p>Nchi ya Ghana ina mfumo wa elimu ya msingi wa miaka 6 kuanzia umri wa miaka sita, na, chini ya mageuzi ya elimu yaliyotekelezwa mnamo 1987 na kurekebishwa mnamo 2007, watoto huingia katika mfumo wa miaka mitatu wa elimu ya upili ya daraja la chini. </p><p>Mwishoni mwa mwaka wa tatu katika shule ya upili ya Junior High, kuna mtihani wa lazima unaojulikana kama Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE). </p><p>Wale wanaoendelea na masomo ni lazima wamalize masomo ya miaka mitatu ya shule ya upili ya daraja ya juu (senior high school - SHS) na kufanya mtihani wa kukubaliwa kuingia katika masomo ya chuo kikuu au taasisi yoyote ile. </p><p>Kwa sasa, Ghana ina shule za msingi 21,530, shule za upili za daraja ya chini 8,850, shule za upili za daraja ya juu 900, vyuo vya mafunzo vya umma, 52, vyuo vya mafunzo vya kibinafsi, 5<sup id="cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nab.gov.gh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vyuo vya elimu ya sanaa, 5<sup id="cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nab.gov.gh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taasisi za umma ambazo si vyuo vikuu, 4<sup id="cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nab.gov.gh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zisizo chuo kikuu Msingi umma taasisi, 8<sup id="cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nab.gov.gh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vyuo vikuu 4 na zaidi ya taasisi za kibinafsi 45.<sup id="cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nab.gov.gh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wengi baina ya Waghana wanaweza kupata huduma za elimu ya msingi na ya upili kwa urahisi. Idadi hizi zinaweza kutofautishwa na zile za chuo kikuu kimoja tu na shule chache tu za upili na za msingi zilizokuwepo wakati wa kujinyakulia uhuru mnamo 1957. </p><p>Gharama ya nchi ya Ghana kwa elimu imekuwa kati ya asilimia 28 na 40 ya bajeti yake ya mwaka katika mwongo mmoja uliopita. </p><p>Mafunzo yote hufanywa kwa lugha ya Kingereza ambayo ndiyo lugha rasmi ya Ghana, na hufanywa na walimu Waghana waliohitimu. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Ghana_students.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ghana_students.jpg/160px-Ghana_students.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ghana_students.jpg/240px-Ghana_students.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ghana_students.jpg/320px-Ghana_students.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1285" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>Watoto wa shule</figcaption></figure> <p>Masomo yanayofunzwa katika Shule ya Msingi au ya Mwanzo ni pamoja na Kingereza, Lugha na Utamaduni wa Ghana, Hisabati, masomo ya masuala ya Mazingira, Masomo ya Kijamii na Kifaransa kama lugha ya tatu, yakiongezwa masomo ya Sayansi Jumuishi au ya Ujumla, masomo ya mwanzo ya Ustadi wa Ufundi (Pre-vocational Skills and Pre-technical skills) Elimu ya Dini na Maadili na shughuli za utendaji kama vile Muziki, Ngoma na Elimu ya Mazoezi ya Viungo. </p><p>Mtaala wa daraja la upili la Senior High una masomo ya Lazima na yale ya Kuchagua. Wanafunzi wanapaswa kuchukua masomo manne ya lazima ya Lugha ya Kingereza, Hisabati, Sayansi ya Ujumla (yakiwemo masomo ya Sayansi, Kilimo na Masomo ya maswala ya Mazingira) na Masomo ya Kijamii (uchumi, jiografia, historia na serikali). Wanafunzi wa shule ya upili vilevile hufanya masomo matatu ya kuchaguliwa kati ya matano yafuatayo: Mtaala wa Kilimo, Mtaala wa Kijumla (chaguo la Sanaa au Sayansi), Mtaala wa somo la Biashara, Mtaala wa Ufundi (Vocational Programme and Technical Programme).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mbali na shule za msingi na za upili zinazofuata mfumo wa elimu wa Ghana, kunazo shule za kimataifa kama vile Ghana International school, Lincoln Community School na SOS-Hermann Gmeiner International College ambazo hufuata mfumo wa International Baccalaureat, Advanced Level General Certificate of Education na International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE). </p><p>Huku ikiwa na asilimia 83 ya watoto wake shuleni, kwa sasa nchi ya Ghana ni baina ya nchi zilizo na viwango vya juu zaidi vya uandikishaji shuleni katika eneo la Afrika Magharibi.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uwiano wa wasichana na wavulana katika ujumla wa mfumo wa elimu ni 1:0.96, ambao kwa nchi ya Afrika Magahribi, ni mafanikio makubwa.<sup id="cite_ref-news.myjoyonline.com_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.myjoyonline.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kadiri ya watoto 500,000 hawaendi shuleni kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa mapato ya kuwezesha ujenzi wa shule, kutoa vitabu vya kusoma vya kutosha na kutoa mafunzo kwa walimu wapya.<sup id="cite_ref-news.myjoyonline.com_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.myjoyonline.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chuo Kikuu cha zamani zaidi nchini Ghana, Chuo Kikuu cha Ghana, ambacho kilianzishwa mnamo mwaka wa 1948, kilikuwa na takriban jumla ya wanafunzi 29,754 katika mwaka wa 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tangu unyakuzi wa uhuru wa Ghana, nchi hii imekuwa mojawapo ya vitovu vya elimu katika eneo la Afrika Kusini mwa Sahara na imekuwa mwenyeji wa watu maarufu kama vile Rais Robert Mugabe wa Zimbabwe, Alhaji Sir Dauda Jawara wa The Gambia na Cyprian Ekwensi wa Nigeria baina ya wengine. <a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Sayansi_na_Teknolojia_cha_Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia cha Kwame Nkrumah">Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia cha Kwame Nkrumah</a>, ambacho ndicho chuo kikuu cha pili kuanzishwa nchini Ghana, ndicho chuo cha kwanza cha masomo ya sayansi na teknolojia nchini humo na katika ukanda wa Afrika Magharibi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uchumi">Uchumi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Hariri sehemu: Uchumi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Uchumi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ikiwa imejaliwa sana na maliasili, nchi ya Ghana ina mapato yanayokadiriwa kupata kila mtu (per capita output) yaliyo mara mbili yakilinganishwa na yale ya nchi zilizo maskini zaidi za Afrika Magharibi. Hata hivyo, Ghana imebakia kutegemea kwa kiwango fulani biashara na usaidizi wa kimataifa na vilevile shughuli za uwekezaji kutokana na Waghana wanaoishi nchi za ng’ambo. Karibu 28% ya wakazi wanaishi chini ya mstari wa kimataifa wa umaskini wa dola za kimarekani 1.25 kwa siku,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na kwa mujibu wa wa Benki ya Dunia, kisio la mapato ya kila mtu (per capita income) ya Ghana yamekuwa mara dufu lakini kwa shida kwa miaka 45 iliyopita.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nchi ya Ghana, ikijulikana kwa dhahabu yake katika enzi za ukoloni, bado ni kati ya wazalishaji wakuu ulimwenguni wa dhahabu. Mauzo yake mengine nje ya nchi kama vile kakao, mbao, umeme, almasi, bauxiti, na manganisi ni uzalishaji mkuu wa fedha za kigeni.<sup id="cite_ref-twzwxn_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twzwxn-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kiwanja cha mafuta kinachoripotiwa kuwa na hadi pipa bilioni 3 (480,000,000 m3 billion barrels 3 (m<sup>3</sup> 480 000 000) za mafuta mepesi kiligunduliwa mnamo mwaka wa 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utafutaji wa mafuta bado unaendelea na kiasi cha mafuta kinaendelea kuongezeka.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Sunyani_Cocoa_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sunyani_Cocoa_House.jpg/250px-Sunyani_Cocoa_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sunyani_Cocoa_House.jpg/330px-Sunyani_Cocoa_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sunyani_Cocoa_House.jpg/500px-Sunyani_Cocoa_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Jumba la Kakao la Sunyani</figcaption></figure><p> Bwawa la Akosombo, ambalo lilijengwa juu ya Mto Volta mnamo mwaka wa 1965 linatoa umeme unaozalishwa na maji kwa nchi ya Ghana na nchi zinazoizunguka. </p><p>Nguvukazi ya Ghana katika mwaka wa 2008 ilikuwa jumla ya watu milioni 11.5. Uchumi unaendelea kutegemea sana kilimo ambacho huchangia 37% ya Pato la Taifa na kutoa ajira kwa kwa 56% ya watu wanaofanya kazi, hasa wenye ardhi ndogo. Sekta ya viwanda ni sehemu ndogo tu ya uchumi wa Ghana iliyochangia kwa ujumla 7.9% ya Pato la Taifa mnamo 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sera za kiuchumi zisizofaa za serikali za kijeshi zilizopita na masharti ya vikosi vya kulinda usalama katika maeneo ya kanda vimechangia mfumuko katika fedha za nakisi, kushuka thamani kwa Sidi, na kuongezeka kwa kutoridhika kwa umma katika maswala ya hatua za kupunguza ugumu wa maisha. Hata hivyo, Ghana inabakia kuwa mojawapo baina ya nchi za Afrika nzima ambazo zina ustawi wa kiuchumi. </p><p>Mnamo Julai 2007, Benki ya Ghana ilianzisha shughuli ya kugeuza sarafu, kutoka kwa Sidi (¢) hadi kwa sarafu mpya, Sidi ya Ghana (GH¢). Kiwango cha ubadilishanaji ni Sidi moja ya Ghana kwa kila Sidi 10,000. Benki ya Ghana ilizindua kampeni kabambe katika vyombo vya habari ili kuelimisha umma juu ya mageuzo haya. </p><p>Sarafu mpya ya Sidi ya Ghana iko imara kwa kiwango kikubwa na katika mwaka wa 2008 ilibadilishwa kwa ujumla kwa thamani ya dola moja ya marekani kwa Sidi 1.1 ya Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kodi ya Ongezeko la Thamani ni kodi ya matumizi itozwayo nchini Ghana. Utaratibu huu wa kodi ambao ulianza mnamo 1998 ulikuwa wa kiwango kimoja lakini tangu Septemba 2007 utaratibu wa viwango kadhaa ulizinduliwa. </p><p>Mnamo 1998, kiwango cha kodi kilikuwa ni 10% na na kilirekebishwa mnamo mwaka wa 2000 na kuwa 12.5%. Hata hivyo baada ya kupitishwa kwa Sheria ya 734 (Act 734) ya mwaka 2007, kodi ya usawa ya 3% (a 3% VAT Flat Rate Scheme (VFRS) ) ilianza kufanya kazi kwa sekta ya usambazaji wa rejareja. Hii inawezesha wauzaji wa rejareja wa bidhaa zinazotozwa ushuru chini ya Sheria ya 546 (Act 546) kotoza ushuru wa pambizoni wa 3% kwa mauzo yao na kuhesabu ushuru huu pamoja na ule wa VAT. Hii inanuia kurahisisha utaratibu wa uchumi na kuongezeka kwa maafikiano. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cheo_katika_Ngazi_za_Kimataifa">Cheo katika Ngazi za Kimataifa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Hariri sehemu: Cheo katika Ngazi za Kimataifa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Cheo katika Ngazi za Kimataifa"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Shirika </th> <th>Ukaguzi </th> <th>Nafasi </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heritage_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heritage Foundation (bado haujaandikwa)">Heritage Foundation</a> / <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Wall_Street_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Wall Street Journal (bado haujaandikwa)">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faharisi_ya_Uhuru_wa_Uchumi_(Index_of_Economic_Freedom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faharisi ya Uhuru wa Uchumi (Index of Economic Freedom) (bado haujaandikwa)">Faharisi ya Uhuru wa Uchumi (Index of Economic Freedom)</a> </td> <td>91 juu ya 157<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reporters_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reporters Without Borders (bado haujaandikwa)">Reporters Without Borders</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faharisi_ya_Ulimwengu_mzima_ya_Uhuru_wa_Vyombo_vya_habari_(Worldwide_Press_Freedom_Index)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faharisi ya Ulimwengu mzima ya Uhuru wa Vyombo vya habari (Worldwide Press Freedom Index) (bado haujaandikwa)">Faharisi ya Ulimwengu mzima ya Uhuru wa Vyombo vya habari (Worldwide Press Freedom Index)</a> </td> <td>31 juu ya 173<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahirisi_ya_Matazamo_wa_Ufisadi)_Corruption_Perception_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahirisi ya Matazamo wa Ufisadi) Corruption Perception Index (bado haujaandikwa)">Fahirisi ya Matazamo wa Ufisadi) Corruption Perception Index</a> </td> <td>69 out of 179<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Development_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Development Programme (bado haujaandikwa)">United Nations Development Programme</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahirisi_ya_Maendeleo_ya_Binadamu_(Human_Development_Index)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahirisi ya Maendeleo ya Binadamu (Human Development Index) (bado haujaandikwa)">Fahirisi ya Maendeleo ya Binadamu (Human Development Index)</a> </td> <td>135 juu ya 177<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maono_ya_Ubinadamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maono ya Ubinadamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Maono ya Ubinadamu</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahirisi_ya_Amani_katika_ngazi_za_Kimataifa_(Global_Peace_Index)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahirisi ya Amani katika ngazi za Kimataifa (Global Peace Index) (bado haujaandikwa)">Fahirisi ya Amani katika ngazi za Kimataifa (Global Peace Index)</a> </td> <td>40 juu ya 121<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Economic_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Economic Forum (bado haujaandikwa)">World Economic Forum</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripoti_ya_Ushindani_katika_ngazi_za_Kimataifa_(Global_Competitiveness_Report)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ripoti ya Ushindani katika ngazi za Kimataifa (Global Competitiveness Report) (bado haujaandikwa)">Ripoti ya Ushindani katika ngazi za Kimataifa (Global Competitiveness Report)</a> </td> <td>hakuna nafasi zilizotolewa<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tazama_pia">Tazama pia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Hariri sehemu: Tazama pia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Tazama pia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle"><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lango:Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lango:Ghana (bado haujaandikwa)">Ghana portal</a></b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_nchi_kufuatana_na_wakazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi">Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_nchi_za_Afrika_kulingana_na_idadi_ya_watu" title="Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu">Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_nchi_za_Afrika_kulingana_na_msongamano_wa_watu" title="Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu">Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_nchi_za_Afrika_kulingana_na_pato_la_taifa" title="Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa">Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografia_ya_Afrika" title="Demografia ya Afrika">Demografia ya Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumuiya_ya_Madola" title="Jumuiya ya Madola">Jumuiya ya Madola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umoja_wa_Mataifa" title="Umoja wa Mataifa">Umoja wa Mataifa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uchukuzi_nchini_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uchukuzi nchini Ghana (bado haujaandikwa)">Uchukuzi nchini Ghana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marejeo">Marejeo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Hariri sehemu: Marejeo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Marejeo"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-worldfactbook-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-worldfactbook_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-worldfactbook_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1346650">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ghana">"Ghana"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World Factbook (bado haujaandikwa)">The World Factbook</a></i> (kwa Kiingereza) (tol. la 2025). <a href="/wiki/Shirika_la_Ujasusi_la_Marekani" title="Shirika la Ujasusi la Marekani">Shirika la Ujasusi la Marekani</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">23 Machi</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Ghana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fghana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2023.zip">(Archived 2023 edition)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-colestablish-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-colestablish_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maclean, Iain. <i>Rational Choice na Uingereza Siasa: An Analysis of Rhetoric na ghiliba kutoka Peel kwa Blair,</i> 2001. Page 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independence-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-independence_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Petro N. Stearns na William Leonard LANGER. <i>The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, na ya kisasa, chronologically mpangilio,</i> 2001. Kwanza 1050.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwptUKKy?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799/Ghana.html">"Ghana - MSN Encarta"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799/Ghana.html">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570799%2FGhana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwptUKKy?url=">https://www.webcitation.org/5kwptUKKy?url=</a></code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1023355.stm">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208015314/http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcghana.htm">"Nakala iliyohifadhiwa"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcghana.htm">chanzo</a> mnamo 2012-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakala+iliyohifadhiwa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fcia%2Fblcghana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/8311196.stm">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warriorking-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-warriorking_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, John G. <i>Utangulizi Civilizations Afrika,</i> 2001. Page 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwptUKKy?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799/Ghana.html">"Ghana - MSN Encarta"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799/Ghana.html">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570799%2FGhana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwptUKKy?url=">https://www.webcitation.org/5kwptUKKy?url=</a></code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512223809/http://ghanadistricts.gov.gh/news/?read=46975">"SOCIAL:EC has done no wrong – Dr Afari-Gyan"</a>. Ghana News Agengy. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ghanadistricts.gov.gh/news/?read=46975">chanzo</a> mnamo 12 Mei 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">13 Machi</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOCIAL%3AEC+has+done+no+wrong+%E2%80%93+Dr+Afari-Gyan&rft.pub=Ghana+News+Agengy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fghanadistricts.gov.gh%2Fnews%2F%3Fread%3D46975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2013/october-29th/mps-demand-247-police-security-for-275-members.php">"MPs demand 24/7 police security for 275 members"</a>. myjoyonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214239/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2013/october-29th/mps-demand-247-police-security-for-275-members.php">Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka</a> kutoka chanzo mnamo 12 Mei 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">13 Machi</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MPs+demand+24%2F7+police+security+for+275+members&rft.pub=myjoyonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjoyonline.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Foctober-29th%2Fmps-demand-247-police-security-for-275-members.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> na <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> na <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> na <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031082356/http://ghanadistricts.com/districts/">"All Districts"</a>. <i>GhanaDistricts.com</i>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/">chanzo</a> mnamo 31 Oktoba 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GhanaDistricts.com&rft.atitle=All+Districts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghanadistricts.com%2Fdistricts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> na <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> na <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/Ghana-Cities.html">"Ghana: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Localities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"</a>. <i>City Population</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">6 Oktoba</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=Ghana%3A+Regions%2C+Major+Cities+%26+Urban+Localities+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics+in+Maps+and+Charts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2FGhana-Cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cs_14-0">14.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cs_14-1">14.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cs_14-2">14.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cs_14-3">14.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cs_14-4">14.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"Serikali na Siasa". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ghtoc.html"><i>A Country Study: Ghana</i> </a> (La Verle Berry, mhariri). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Idara_ya_Utafiti_ya_Shirikisho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress Idara ya Utafiti ya Shirikisho (bado haujaandikwa)">Library of Congress Idara ya Utafiti ya Shirikisho</a> (Novemba 1994). <i>Nakala unajumuisha makala hii kutoka chanzo hii, ambayo ni katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_domain.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public domain. (bado haujaandikwa)">public domain.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/about.html">[3]</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpviLJm?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_8/Ghana.html#s66">"Ghana - MSN Encarta"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_8/Ghana.html#s66">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570799_8%2FGhana.html%23s66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpviLJm?url=">https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpviLJm?url=</a></code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157">Utumwa.</a> [16] ^ Karibu Kwenye Encyclopaedia Britannica's Guide to Black History</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encarta.msn.com-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-encarta.msn.com_17-0">17.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-encarta.msn.com_17-1">17.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpwHCrq?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_8/Ghana.html#p78">"Ghana - MSN Encarta"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_8/Ghana.html#p78">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570799_8%2FGhana.html%23p78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpviLJm?url=">https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpviLJm?url=</a></code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920070015/http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-english/2008/September/20080915145840dmslahrellek0.5556452.html">Bush kumtakasa Strong Uongozi wa Rais wa Ghana Kufuor.</a> America.gov. 15 Septemba 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-1">19.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-2">19.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ca.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761580620_3/Ashanti_Kingdom.html">[4]</a> MSN Encarta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5kwpwoVQ8">Archived</a> 2009/10/31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=T9io2oPOAXAC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=ugcc+ghana+self+governance&source=bl&ots=3TYg6W5eaA&sig=q4U6m1yqQEXsQjAklzT4r06hS3I&hl=en&ei=fJNWSt3yCoSAMr_u2Z0I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2">Historia ya Ghana - Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/flag.php">Ghana Bendera</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kevin_Shillington_575-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kevin_Shillington_575_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Shillington" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Shillington. <i>Encyclopedia of African history</i>. uk. 575.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+history&rft.pages=575&rft.au=Kevin+Shillington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpu3n3T?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_10/Ghana.html">"Ghana - MSN Encarta"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_10/Ghana.html">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570799_10%2FGhana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpu3n3T?url=">https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpu3n3T?url=</a></code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernghana.com/news/197296/1/bbc-opposition-leader-wins-ghana-poll.html">BBC: kiongozi wa upinzani wins Ghana uchaguzi - modernghana.com / ghana uchaguzi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/08/world-news-in-brief">"Thousands celebrate as new president takes office"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Guardian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Guardian (bado haujaandikwa)">The Guardian</a></i>. 8 Januari 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Thousands+celebrate+as+new+president+takes+office&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fjan%2F08%2Fworld-news-in-brief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090806190347/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/images/090624_2009_final_data.pdf">"Nakala iliyohifadhiwa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/images/090624_2009_final_data.pdf">chanzo</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> mnamo 2009-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakala+iliyohifadhiwa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignpolicy.com%2Fimages%2F090624_2009_final_data.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/">Karibu Mo Ibrahim Foundation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpue2eM?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_2/Ghana.html">"Ghana - MSN Encarta"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_2/Ghana.html">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570799_2%2FGhana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpue2eM?url=">https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpue2eM?url=</a></code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite id="CITEREFLaVerle_Berry1995" class="citation book cs1">LaVerle Berry, mhr. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ghtoc.html"><i>Ghana: A Country Study</i></a>. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. ku. 81–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0844408352" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0844408352"><bdi>0844408352</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghana%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0844408352&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fghtoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language">Hausa lugha - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"2021 PHC General Report Vol 3C, Background Characteristics" (PDF). Ghana Statistical Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-0">32.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-1">32.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">https: / / www.cia.gov / library / publications / the-dunia-factbook / geos / gh.html</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afro.who.int-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-afro.who.int_33-0">33.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-afro.who.int_33-1">33.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111084659/http://www.afro.who.int/home/countries/fact_sheets/ghana.pdf">"Nakala iliyohifadhiwa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afro.who.int/home/countries/fact_sheets/ghana.pdf">chanzo</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> mnamo 2010-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakala+iliyohifadhiwa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afro.who.int%2Fhome%2Fcountries%2Ffact_sheets%2Fghana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200902120888.html">"Ghana: Kofi Ghanaba - Influential Drummer Who Emphasised the African Origins of Jazz"</a>. Ghanaian Chronicle. 12 Februari 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ghana%3A+Kofi+Ghanaba+-+Influential+Drummer+Who+Emphasised+the+African+Origins+of+Jazz&rft.date=2009-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F200902120888.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gov_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghana.gov.gh/ghana/constitution_republic_ghana.jsp">Katiba ya Ghana,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20090120010302/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/ghana/constitution_republic_ghana.jsp">Ilihifadhiwa</a> 20 Januari 2009 kwenye <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Serikali ya Ghana.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anokwa-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anokwa_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anokwa, K. (1997). Katika <i>Press Freedom na Mawasiliano katika Afrika.</i> Erbio, F. & Jong-Ebot, W. (Eds.) Africa World Press. <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780865435513" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-86543-551-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pr-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pr_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressreference.com/Fa-Gu/Ghana.html">Ghanian Media,</a> <i>Press Reference.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1023355.stm#media">BBC Country Profile: Ghana,</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News. (bado haujaandikwa)"><i>BBC News.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.myjoyonline.com/politics/200901/24923.asp">atta GJA gratulerar Rais Mills,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20110726130555/http://news.myjoyonline.com/politics/200901/24923.asp">Ilihifadhiwa</a> 26 Julai 2011 kwenye <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Joy Radio,</i> 11 Januari 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nab.gov.gh-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-0">40.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-1">40.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-2">40.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-3">40.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nab.gov.gh_40-4">40.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sw" dir="ltr">Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>nab.gov.gh</code></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809071841/http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4">"Nakala iliyohifadhiwa"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4">chanzo</a> mnamo 2011-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2021-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakala+iliyohifadhiwa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tobeworldwide.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_view%26gid%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/a-fragile-island-of-stabilityin-a-sea-of-turbulence/article1214628/">ukurasa huu unapatikana kwa GlobePlus abonnenter</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.myjoyonline.com-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-news.myjoyonline.com_43-0">43.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-news.myjoyonline.com_43-1">43.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726130559/http://news.myjoyonline.com/features/200907/32516.asp">"Ghana News:: <b>Obama:</b> Nini ajenda kwa ajili ya elimu nchini Ghana? ::: Breaking News | News in Ghana | features"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.myjoyonline.com/features/200907/32516.asp">chanzo</a> mnamo 2011-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+News%3A%3A+Obama%3A+Nini+ajenda+kwa+ajili+ya+elimu+nchini+Ghana%3F+%3A%3A%3A+Breaking+News+%7C+News+in+Ghana+%7C+features&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.myjoyonline.com%2Ffeatures%2F200907%2F32516.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729000402/http://www.ug.edu.gh/index1.php?linkid=243&sublinkid=72">"Chuo Kikuu cha Ghana"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ug.edu.gh/index1.php?linkid=243&sublinkid=72">chanzo</a> mnamo 2012-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2021-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chuo+Kikuu+cha+Ghana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ug.edu.gh%2Findex1.php%3Flinkid%3D243%26sublinkid%3D72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf">fahirisi ya Maendeleo ya Binadamu,</a></i> Jedwali 3: Binadamu na umaskini wa kipato, s. 35. Rudishwa tarehe 1 Juni 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/07/10/ghana.obama/index.html">"Obama's Ghana trip sends message across Africa"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 10 Julai 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Obama%27s+Ghana+trip+sends+message+across+Africa&rft.date=2009-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Fafrica%2F07%2F10%2Fghana.obama%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twzwxn-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-twzwxn_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[https: / / cia.gov / cia / publications / factbook / geos / gh.html The World Factbook]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226200944/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071222/ap_on_re_af/ghana_oil_discovery_3">"kiongozi Ghana: Oil akiba saa 3B Mapipa - Yahoo! News"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071222/ap_on_re_af/ghana_oil_discovery_3">chanzo</a> mnamo 2007-12-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2007-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kiongozi+Ghana%3A+Oil+akiba+saa+3B+Mapipa+-+Yahoo%21+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fap%2F20071222%2Fap_on_re_af%2Fghana_oil_discovery_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=57319">RIGZONE - Kosmos Hufanya Pili Discovery Offshore Oil Ghana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpvAZNH?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_5/Ghana.html">"Ghana - MSN Encarta"</a>. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570799_5/Ghana.html">chanzo</a> mnamo 2009-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghana+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570799_5%2FGhana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpvAZNH?url=">https://www.webcitation.org/5kwpvAZNH?url=</a></code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Msaada:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Msaada:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia.gov-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sw" dir="ltr">Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>cia.gov</code></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080213211732/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/countries.cfm">"Heritage Foundation - 2007 Index of Economic Freedom"</a>. <i>Official Website for the Index</i>. The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/countries.cfm">chanzo</a> mnamo 2008-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2007-02-24</span></span>. <q>The highest form of economic freedom provides an absolute right of property ownership, fully realised freedoms of movement for labour, capital, and goods, and an absolute absence of coercion or constraint of economic liberty beyond the extent necessary for citizens to protect and maintain liberty itself. In other words, individuals are free to work, produce, consume, and invest in any way they please, and that freedom is both protected by the state and unconstrained by the state.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Website+for+the+Index&rft.atitle=Heritage+Foundation+-+2007+Index+of+Economic+Freedom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fresearch%2Ffeatures%2Findex%2Fcountries.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081022233825/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=29031">"Reporters Without Borders - Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2008"</a>. <i>Annual Worldwide Press Freedom Index</i>. Reporters sans frontières. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=29031">chanzo</a> mnamo 2008-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2009-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Annual+Worldwide+Press+Freedom+Index&rft.atitle=Reporters+Without+Borders+-+Worldwide+Press+Freedom+Index+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsf.org%2Farticle.php3%3Fid_article%3D29031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080428203145/http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2007">"Corruption Perception Index 2007"</a>. <i>Official Website</i>. Transparency International e.V. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2007">chanzo</a> mnamo 2008-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2007-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Website&rft.atitle=Corruption+Perception+Index+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fpolicy_research%2Fsurveys_indices%2Fcpi%2F2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029110409/http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/documents/hdi2004.pdf">"Human Development Report 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annual Report</i>. United Nations Development Programme. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/documents/hdi2004.pdf">chanzo</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> mnamo 2007-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2007-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Annual+Report&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Report+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fhdr2006%2Fstatistics%2Fdocuments%2Fhdi2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416203653/http://www.visionofhumanity.com/rankings/">"Global Peace Index Rankings"</a>. <i>Global Peace and Sustainability</i>. Economist Intelligence Unit, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney, Australia and some Peace Institutes and Think Tanks. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofhumanity.com/rankings/">chanzo</a> mnamo 2008-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2007-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Peace+and+Sustainability&rft.atitle=Global+Peace+Index+Rankings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofhumanity.com%2Frankings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101131629/http://www.weforum.org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_Reports/Reports/gcr_2006/gcr2006_rankings.pdf">"Table 1: Global Competitiveness Index rankings and 2005 comparisons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World Economic Forum - Global Competitiveness Report 2006 - 2007</i>. World Economic Forum. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weforum.org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_Reports/Reports/gcr_2006/gcr2006_rankings.pdf">chanzo</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> mnamo 2013-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Iliwekwa mnamo <span class="nowrap">2007-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum+-+Global+Competitiveness+Report+2006+-+2007&rft.atitle=Table+1%3A+Global+Competitiveness+Index+rankings+and+2005+comparisons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fpdf%2FGlobal_Competitiveness_Reports%2FReports%2Fgcr_2006%2Fgcr2006_rankings.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AGhana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Hariri sehemu: Viungo vya nje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Viungo vya nje"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiMedia Commons"><img alt="WikiMedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/120px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>WikiMedia Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> ina media kuhusu: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ghana?uselang=sw">Ghana</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Serikali</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ghana.gov.gh/">[5]</a> Tovuti rasmi ya Ghana</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.parliament.gh/">[6]</a> Tovuti rasmi ya Bunge la Ghana</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/">Tume ya Kitaifa ya Utamaduni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20110430215319/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/">Ilihifadhiwa</a> 30 Aprili 2011 kwenye <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Mkuu wa serikali na Wanachama wa Baraza la Mawaziri</li></ul> <dl><dt>Habari za ujumla</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1023355.stm">[7]</a> Maelezo ya nchi (Country Profile) kutoka BBC News</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/nations/Ghana">Ghana</a> kutoka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica (bado haujaandikwa)">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html">Ghana</a> entry at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World Factbook (bado haujaandikwa)">The World Factbook</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/ghana.htm">Ghana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20080607084858/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/ghana.htm">Ilihifadhiwa</a> 7 Juni 2008 kwenye <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. kutoka <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Ghana/">Ghana</a> katika Open Directory Project</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Ghana" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Ghana">Wikimedia Atlas of Ghana</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Tovuti ya African Activist Archive Project ina picha za mkutano wa All Africa People's Conference uliofanyika Accra, Ghana, 5-13 Desemba 1958 ikiwemo ile ya Kwame Nkrumah, Waziri Mkuu wa Ghana , akiuhutubia mkutano, ujumbe wa American Committee on Africa ukikutana na Nkrumah, na ya Patrick Duncan na Alfred Hutchinson wa Afrika Kusini katika mkutano huo.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Vyombo vya habari</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbcghana.com/">Shirika la Utangazaji la Ghana (Ghana Broadcasting Corporation)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Utalii</dt></dl> <ul><li>Utalii nchini Ghana (Ghana Tourism) Tovuti Rasmi ya Utalii wa Ghana</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ghana" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ghana"> Ghana travel guide</a> kutoka Wikisafiri</li> <li>Picha za Ghana katika Bigfoto.com</li> <li>Picha za Ghana katika City photos</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accraflights.uk.com">Usafiri nafuu kwenda Ghana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20160306042235/http://www.accraflights.uk.com/">Ilihifadhiwa</a> 6 Machi 2016 kwenye <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" style="background:#ccccff;" width="200">Nchi za <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> </th> <th align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:LocationAfrica.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bara la Afrika"><img alt="Bara la Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/60px-LocationAfrica.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/90px-LocationAfrica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/120px-LocationAfrica.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="font-size: 85%"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_ya_Kati_(Jamhuri_ya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya)">Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Kusini" title="Afrika Kusini">Afrika Kusini</a> | <a href="/wiki/Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> | <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> | <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> | <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> | <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde">Cabo Verde</a> | <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cote_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cote d'Ivoire">Cote d'Ivoire</a> | <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> | <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghana</a> | <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> | <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bisau" title="Guinea Bisau">Guinea Bisau</a> | <a href="/wiki/Guinea_ya_Ikweta" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea ya Ikweta">Guinea ya Ikweta</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Jibuti</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Komori" title="Komori">Komori</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Kongo" title="Jamhuri ya Kongo">Kongo (Jamhuri ya)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Kidemokrasia_ya_Kongo" title="Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo">Kongo (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> | <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Madagaska" title="Madagaska">Madagaska</a> | <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> | <a href="/wiki/Misri" title="Misri">Misri</a> | <a href="/wiki/Morisi_(Visiwa_vya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morisi (Visiwa vya)">Morisi (Visiwa vya)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> | <a href="/wiki/Moroko" title="Moroko">Moroko</a> | <a href="/wiki/Msumbiji" title="Msumbiji">Msumbiji</a> | <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> | <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sahara_ya_Magharibi" title="Sahara ya Magharibi">Sahara ya Magharibi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sao_Tome_na_Principe" title="Sao Tome na Principe">Sao Tome na Principe</a> | <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> | <a href="/wiki/Shelisheli" title="Shelisheli">Shelisheli</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> | <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Kusini" title="Sudan Kusini">Sudan Kusini</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> | <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> | <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" style="background:#ccccff;" width="200">Maeneo ya Afrika ambayo ni sehemu za nchi nje ya <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="font-size: 85%"><b><a href="/wiki/Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Kanari" title="Visiwa vya Kanari">Kanari</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> | <b><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pelagie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagie">Pelagie</a> | <b><a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> | <b><a href="/wiki/Uingereza" title="Uingereza">Uingereza</a></b>: · <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">St. Helena</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a> | <b><a href="/wiki/Ureno" title="Ureno">Ureno</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Madeira" title="Visiwa vya Madeira">Madeira</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nchi_wanachama_wa_Umoja_wa_Afrika_(AU)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Kigezo:African_Union_(AU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kigezo:African Union (AU)"><span title="Onyesha kizego" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">v</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano_ya_kigezo:African_Union_(AU)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majadiliano ya kigezo:African Union (AU) (bado haujaandikwa)"><span title="Majadiliano ya kigezo" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">d</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kigezo:African_Union_(AU)&action=edit"><span title="Hariri kigezo" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">e</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nchi_wanachama_wa_Umoja_wa_Afrika_(AU)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Nchi wanachama wa <a href="/wiki/Umoja_wa_Afrika" title="Umoja wa Afrika">Umoja wa Afrika</a> (AU)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Afrika_ya_Kati_(Jamhuri_ya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya)">Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya)</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Kusini" title="Afrika Kusini">Afrika Kusini</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde">Cabo Verde</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cote_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cote d'Ivoire">Cote d'Ivoire</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghana</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bisau" title="Guinea Bisau">Guinea Bisau</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea_ya_Ikweta" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea ya Ikweta">Guinea ya Ikweta</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Jibuti</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Komori" title="Komori">Komori</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Kongo" title="Jamhuri ya Kongo">Kongo (Jamhuri ya)</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Kidemokrasia_ya_Kongo" title="Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo">Kongo (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya)</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Madagaska" title="Madagaska">Madagaska</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Misri" title="Misri">Misri</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Morisi_(Visiwa_vya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morisi (Visiwa vya)">Morisi (Visiwa vya)</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Morisi_(Visiwa_vya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morisi (Visiwa vya)">Morisi (Visiwa vya)</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Moroko" title="Moroko">Moroko</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Msumbiji" title="Msumbiji">Msumbiji</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sahara_ya_Magharibi" title="Sahara ya Magharibi">Sahara ya Magharibi</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sao_Tome_na_Principe" title="Sao Tome na Principe">Sao Tome na Principe</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Shelisheli" title="Shelisheli">Shelisheli</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Kusini" title="Sudan Kusini">Sudan Kusini</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table style="font-size:90%; width: 65%; padding: 3px; margin: 0 auto;" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Africa_satellite_plane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Africa_satellite_plane.jpg/30px-Africa_satellite_plane.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Africa_satellite_plane.jpg/45px-Africa_satellite_plane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Africa_satellite_plane.jpg/60px-Africa_satellite_plane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8460" data-file-height="8900" /></a></span> </td> <td>Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> bado ni <b>mbegu</b>. <br /> Je unajua kitu kuhusu <b>Ghana</b> kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? <br />Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? <br />Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa <a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?stub&title=Ghana&action=edit">kuihariri na kuongeza habari</a><i>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghana&oldid=1400562">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghana&oldid=1400562</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Jamii:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Jamii:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:CS1_errors:_redundant_parameter" title="Jamii:CS1 errors: redundant parameter">CS1 errors: redundant parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Makala_zisowekewa_maelezo_ya_vyanzo" title="Jamii:Makala zisowekewa maelezo ya vyanzo">Makala zisowekewa maelezo ya vyanzo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Mbegu_za_jiografia_ya_Afrika" title="Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Afrika">Mbegu za jiografia ya Afrika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Ghana" title="Jamii:Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Nchi_za_Afrika" title="Jamii:Nchi za Afrika">Nchi za Afrika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Umoja_wa_Afrika" title="Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika">Umoja wa Afrika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Jumuia_ya_Kiuchumi_ya_Mataifa_ya_Afrika_Magharibi" title="Jamii:Jumuia ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika Magharibi">Jumuia ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika Magharibi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Nchi_na_maeneo_yanayozungumza_Kiingereza" title="Jamii:Nchi na maeneo yanayozungumza Kiingereza">Nchi na maeneo yanayozungumza Kiingereza</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Jumuiya_ya_Madola" title="Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola">Jumuiya ya Madola</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Jamii zilizofichwa: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Kurasa_zinazotumia_marudio_ya_hoja_katika_wito_wa_kigezo" title="Jamii:Kurasa zinazotumia marudio ya hoja katika wito wa kigezo">Kurasa zinazotumia marudio ya hoja katika wito wa kigezo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Jamii:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 14 Februari 2025, saa 18:14.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. Tazama maelezo zaidi ya <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Matakwa ya Utumiaji</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Sera ya faragha</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kuhusu">Kuhusu Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kanusho_kwa_jumla">Kanusho</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kanuni ya Maadili</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Watengenezaji</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sw.wikipedia.org">takwimu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Taarifa ya kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghana&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mtazamo wa rununu</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tafuta</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tafuta Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maalum:Tafuta"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tafuta</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghana</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>Lugha 262</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Weka mada</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-845f5977-nwb9j","wgBackendResponseTime":214,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.526","walltime":"0.642","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3562,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":104306,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3239,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":135122,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 443.513 1 -total"," 59.54% 264.053 1 Kigezo:Reflist"," 23.73% 105.228 1 Kigezo:Cite_CIA_World_Factbook"," 23.66% 104.917 25 Kigezo:Cite_web"," 16.78% 74.419 1 Kigezo:Jedwali_la_nchi"," 15.88% 70.415 1 Kigezo:Infobox"," 7.17% 31.799 5 Kigezo:Convert"," 3.26% 14.463 1 Kigezo:African_Union"," 2.91% 12.898 1 Kigezo:Navbox"," 2.78% 12.344 1 Kigezo:Lango"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.229","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6920506,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.eqiad.main-998c54df4-4w2vt","timestamp":"20250329082709","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ghana","url":"https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Uchangiaji katika miradi ya Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-30T08:05:39Z","dateModified":"2025-02-14T18:14:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/Flag_of_Ghana.svg","headline":"nchi katika Afrika Magharibi"}</script> </body> </html>