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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mamram%22">"Mamram"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mamram%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mamram%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mamram%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mamram%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mamram%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%AA%D7%92_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D7%AA%D7%92_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9D.svg/150px-%D7%AA%D7%92_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D7%AA%D7%92_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9D.svg/225px-%D7%AA%D7%92_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D7%AA%D7%92_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9D.svg/300px-%D7%AA%D7%92_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Mamram unit insignia</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mamram</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">ממר"ם</span>), abbreviation for <b>Center of Computing and Information Systems</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מרכז מחשבים ומערכות מידע</span> <i>Merkaz Mahshevim UMa'arahot Meida</i>), originally <b>Center of Computing and Mechanized Registration</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מרכז מחשבים ורישום ממוכן</span> <i>Merkaz Mahshevim VeRishum Memukhan</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>' central computing system unit, providing data processing services for all arms and the general staff of the IDF. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formed in 1959, the unit acquired its first computer, a US-made <a href="/wiki/Philco_computers" title="Philco computers">Philco computer</a> TRANSAC S-2000 mainframe Model 211 installed in 1961. Prior to this, the IDF made occasional use of the <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute</a>'s <a href="/wiki/WEIZAC" title="WEIZAC">WEIZAC</a>, the first electronic computer in the Middle East. <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Kikayon" title="Mordechai Kikayon">Mordechai Kikayon</a>, a civilian, was transferred from <a href="/wiki/RAFAEL_Armament_Development_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="RAFAEL Armament Development Authority">RAFAEL</a> (then part of the IDF) to be the Mamram's first commander. Mamram facilities soon started hosting several other independent data processing units, including the Inventory Processing Center (מענ"א) and the Manpower Computing Center (ממכ"א), and additional computers were obtained. </p><p>In 1994, the Mamram programming school, considered one of the best sources of high-quality software professionals in the world, was separated into a newly formed unit called <b>School for Computer Professions</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">בית הספר למקצועות המחשב</span>, abbr. <b>Basmach</b> - בסמ"ח). However, the school's graduates, who were and still are highly sought after in the industry, are still referred to as Mamram graduates.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following graduation, Basmach students go on to serve in various IDF units. Some of the graduates are often offered a position in Mamram itself. </p><p>The unit has also been delegated with the responsibility of assigning Internet <a href="/wiki/Domain_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain names">domain names</a> under the <b><code>idf.il</code></b> second level domain. </p><p>On September 20, 2017, the color of the unit's beret was changed to cyber blue to reflect the emerging responsibility for Israel's cyber defense. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_commanders">Former commanders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Former commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2023-  : Colonel Racheli Dambinski</li> <li>2020–2023: Colonel <a href="/wiki/Yael_Grossman" title="Yael Grossman">Yael Grossman</a></li> <li>2018–2020: Colonel Omer Grossman</li> <li>2015–2018: Colonel Talia Gazit</li> <li>2013–2015: Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanan_Iserovich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanan Iserovich (page does not exist)">Hanan Iserovich</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5%27" class="extiw" title="he:חנן איסרוביץ'">he</a>]</span></li> <li>2010–2013: Colonel Noam Rozenfeld</li> <li>2006–2010: Colonel <a href="/wiki/Ayala_Hakim" title="Ayala Hakim">Ayala Hakim</a></li> <li>2002–2006: Colonel Avi Kochva</li> <li>1999–2002: Colonel Zvi Gliechman</li> <li>1994–1999: Colonel Miri Kadmiel</li> <li>1992–1994: Brig. Gen. Giora Ulman</li> <li>1987–1992: Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eli_Gonen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eli Gonen (page does not exist)">Eli Gonen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:אלי גונן">he</a>]</span></li> <li>1984–1987: Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yitzchak_Malach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yitzchak Malach (page does not exist)">Yitzchak Malach</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9A" class="extiw" title="he:יצחק מלאך">he</a>]</span></li> <li>1982-1984: Col. Avi Peri</li> <li>1981-1982: Col. Sarya Ziv</li> <li>1979-1981:Col Yeosef Shiftan</li> <li>1978-1979: Col. Moshe Nadir</li> <li>1973-1978: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romemia_HaLevy-Segal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romemia HaLevy-Segal (page does not exist)">Romemia HaLevy-Segal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99-%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%9C" class="extiw" title="he:רוממיה הלוי-סגל">he</a>]</span></li> <li>1967-1973: Menachem Dishon</li> <li>1959–1967: <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Kikayon" title="Mordechai Kikayon">Mordechai Kikayon</a>, the first head of Mamram</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_responsibility">Areas of responsibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Areas of responsibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closed_intranet">Closed intranet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Closed intranet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mamram has created the military's closed Intranet network. This network uses common <a href="/wiki/WWW" class="mw-redirect" title="WWW">WWW</a> services, only in smaller dimensions for the use of all IDF's soldiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IDF's_system_network"><span id="IDF.27s_system_network"></span>IDF's system network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: IDF's system network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MAMRAM is responsible for the management and development of the IDF's computer and network systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fight_against_computer_abuse">Fight against computer abuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fight against computer abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mamram is responsible for enforcing computer use integrity. The ability to monitor network vandalism and abuse is an outcome of Mamram's own technical development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WWW_integration">WWW integration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: WWW integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mamram provides IDF's WWW websites. Those websites contain interactive information used by civilians and foreigners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/ipc/publications/pdf/02-004.pdf">The Military as a Public Space — The Role of the IDF in the Israeli Software Innovation System</a>, Dan Breznitz, April 2002, MIT-IPC-02-004; an MIT working paper</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://tlv.am/article/3868">[1]</a> News article updating on the change of the beret color</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamram&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3913/is_200503/ai_n13504965">A Case Study of the Israeli Military's Impact on the Software Industry</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>2 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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