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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"PyPI" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/PyPy" title="PyPy">PyPy</a>, a Python interpreter and JIT compiler.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">PyPI</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PyPI_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PyPI_logo.svg/220px-PyPI_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PyPI_logo.svg/330px-PyPI_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PyPI_logo.svg/440px-PyPI_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Software repository</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">Multilingual</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pypi.org/">pypi<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">2003<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data">Various</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Python Package Index</b>, abbreviated as <b>PyPI</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) and also known as the <b>Cheese Shop</b> (a reference to the <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i> sketch "<a href="/wiki/Cheese_Shop_sketch" title="Cheese Shop sketch">Cheese Shop</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 742">: 742 </span></sup> is the official third-party <a href="/wiki/Software_repository" title="Software repository">software repository</a> for <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_pypi_tutorial_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient_pypi_tutorial-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is analogous to the <a href="/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN">CPAN</a> repository for <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36">: 36 </span></sup> and to the <a href="/wiki/R_package#Comprehensive_R_Archive_Network_(CRAN)" title="R package">CRAN</a> repository for <a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a>. PyPI is run by the <a href="/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a>, a charity. Some <a href="/wiki/Package_manager" title="Package manager">package managers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Pip_(package_manager)" title="Pip (package manager)">pip</a>, use PyPI as the default source for packages and their dependencies.<sup id="cite_ref-pip_usage_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pip_usage-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pypi_mirrors_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pypi_mirrors-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 6 May 2024,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Python_Package_Index&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> more than 530,000 Python packages are available. </p><p>PyPI primarily hosts Python packages in the form of source archives, called "sdists", or of "wheels"<sup id="cite_ref-wheel_pep_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheel_pep-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that may contain binary modules from a compiled language. </p><p>PyPI as an index allows users to search for packages by <a href="/wiki/Index_term" title="Index term">keywords</a> or by <a href="/wiki/Filter_(software)" title="Filter (software)">filters</a> against their <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Free_software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software license">free software license</a> or compatibility with <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pypi_browse_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pypi_browse-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single entry on PyPI is able to store, aside from just a package and its metadata, previous releases of the package, <a href="/wiki/Preprocessor" title="Preprocessor">precompiled</a> wheels (e.g. containing <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLLs</a> on Windows), as well as different forms for different <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> and Python versions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Package_Index&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Python Distribution Utilities</i> (<i>distutils</i>) Python module was first added to the Python standard library in the 1.6.1 release, in September 2000, and in the 2.0 release, in October 2000, nine years after the first Python release in February 1991, with the goal of simplifying the process of installing <a href="/wiki/Third-party_software_component" title="Third-party software component">third-party</a> Python packages.<sup id="cite_ref-py1.6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-py1.6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-py2.0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-py2.0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, <i>distutils</i> only provided the tools for packaging Python <a href="/wiki/Code" title="Code">code</a>, and no more. It was able to collect and distribute <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> but did not use it for other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-pep_301_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pep_301-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Python still lacked a centralised catalog for packages on the internet. PEP 241, a proposal to standardize metadata for indexes, was finalized in March 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-pep_241_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pep_241-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A proposal to create a comprehensive centralised catalog, hosted at the python.org domain, was later finalized in November 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_pypi_tutorial_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient_pypi_tutorial-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pep_301_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pep_301-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 April 2018, all PyPI traffic began being served by a more modern website platform: Warehouse. The legacy website was turned off at the end of that month.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All existing packages were migrated to the new platform with their histories preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023 the Python Software Foundation reported that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> had <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenaed</a> the user data of five PyPI contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin_2023_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin_2023-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A representative of the organization further explained that they expect privacy for contributors, but they also comply with the law and court orders, and for this reason turned over the data which the government requested.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin_2023_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin_2023-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Package_Index&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P5568" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P5568">PyPI project (P5568)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP5568%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P5568%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Package_Index&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/history">"Packaging History"</a>. <i>Python Packaging Authority — PyPA documentation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Python+Packaging+Authority+%E2%80%94+PyPA+documentation&rft.atitle=Packaging+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pypa.io%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APython+Package+Index" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutz2006" class="citation book cs1">Lutz, Mark (2006). <i>Programming Python</i>. Vol. 10 (3 ed.). O'Reilly Media, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780596009250" title="Special:BookSources/9780596009250"><bdi>9780596009250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Programming+Python&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780596009250&rft.aulast=Lutz&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APython+Package+Index" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamalho2015" class="citation book cs1">Ramalho, Luciano (2015). <i>Fluent Python</i>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781491946268" title="Special:BookSources/9781491946268"><bdi>9781491946268</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fluent+Python&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781491946268&rft.aulast=Ramalho&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APython+Package+Index" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ancient_pypi_tutorial-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ancient_pypi_tutorial_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ancient_pypi_tutorial_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHylton2003" class="citation web cs1">Hylton, Jeremy (24 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120521221310/http://www.python.org/~jeremy/weblog/030924.html">"Python Package Index Tutorial"</a>. Jeremy Hylton. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.python.org/~jeremy/weblog/030924.html">the original</a> on 21 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Python+Package+Index+Tutorial&rft.pub=Jeremy+Hylton&rft.date=2003-09-24&rft.aulast=Hylton&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.python.org%2F~jeremy%2Fweblog%2F030924.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APython+Package+Index" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry2010" class="citation book cs1">Barry, Paul (2010). <i>Head First Python</i>. 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The pip developers. 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