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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Handle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drive_tip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drive_tip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Drive tip</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Drive_tip-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Drive tip subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Drive_tip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slotted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slotted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Slotted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slotted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phillips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phillips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Phillips</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phillips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Robertson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robertson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Robertson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robertson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reed_and_Prince" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reed_and_Prince"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Reed and Prince</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reed_and_Prince-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozidriv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozidriv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Pozidriv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozidriv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_Industrial_Standard_(JIS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_Industrial_Standard_(JIS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_Industrial_Standard_(JIS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Other types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Torque_screwdrivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torque_screwdrivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Torque screwdrivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torque_screwdrivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powered_screwdrivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powered_screwdrivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Powered screwdrivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powered_screwdrivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratcheting_screwdrivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratcheting_screwdrivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ratcheting screwdrivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratcheting_screwdrivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Screwdriver</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skroewedraaier" title="Skroewedraaier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skroewedraaier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schraubenzieher" title="Schraubenzieher – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schraubenzieher" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A" title="مفك براغي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مفك براغي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atornillador" title="Atornillador – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Atornillador" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destornellador" title="Destornellador – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Destornellador" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apahikan" title="Apahikan – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Apahikan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bur%C4%9Fac" title="Burğac – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Burğac" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="بورغاج – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بورغاج" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="স্ক্রু ড্রাইভার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ক্রু ড্রাইভার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4%CD%98-si-k%C3%A1" title="Lô͘-si-ká – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lô͘-si-ká" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зашрубка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зашрубка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зашрубка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зашрубка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Отвертка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отвертка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odvija%C4%8D" title="Odvijač – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Odvijač" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tro-vi%C3%B1s" title="Tro-viñs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tro-viñs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornav%C3%ADs" title="Tornavís – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tornavís" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0roubov%C3%A1k" title="Šroubovák – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šroubovák" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skruetr%C3%A6kker" title="Skruetrækker – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skruetrækker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schraubenzieher" title="Schraubenzieher – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schraubenzieher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruvikeeraja" title="Kruvikeeraja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kruvikeeraja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9" title="Κατσαβίδι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατσαβίδι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destornillador" title="Destornillador – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Destornillador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cra%C5%ADbturnilo" title="Ŝraŭbturnilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝraŭbturnilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihurkin" title="Bihurkin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bihurkin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="پیچ‌گوشتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیچ‌گوشتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournevis" title="Tournevis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tournevis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desaparafusador" title="Desaparafusador – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Desaparafusador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82_(%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%82_%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0)" title="પેચીયું (સ્ક્રૂ ડ્રાઇવર) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પેચીયું (સ્ક્રૂ ડ્રાઇવર)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4-l%C3%A0i-p%C3%A1" title="Tô-lài-pá – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tô-lài-pá" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A3%A8%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84" title="스크루드라이버 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스크루드라이버" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukundireba" title="Sukundireba – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sukundireba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="पेंचकस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेंचकस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odvija%C4%8D" title="Odvijač – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Odvijač" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obeng" title="Obeng – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Obeng" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacciavite" title="Cacciavite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cacciavite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="מברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A8i" title="Drèi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Drèi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distiliador" title="Distiliador – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Distiliador" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szruwnik" title="Szruwnik – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Szruwnik" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisibisi" title="Bisibisi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bisibisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochleatorstrum" title="Cochleatorstrum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cochleatorstrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skr%C5%ABvgriezis" title="Skrūvgriezis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skrūvgriezis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrauwenz%C3%A9ier" title="Schrauwenzéier – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schrauwenzéier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsuktuvas" title="Atsuktuvas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atsuktuvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ey%C9%94%CC%81t%C9%94li" title="Eyɔ́tɔli – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Eyɔ́tɔli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnavise" title="Turnavise – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turnavise" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punotalttu" title="Punotalttu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Punotalttu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casciavid" title="Casciavid – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Casciavid" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csavarh%C3%BAz%C3%B3" title="Csavarhúzó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csavarhúzó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="स्क्रू ड्रायव्हर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्क्रू ड्रायव्हर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%83" title="مفك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مفك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemutar_skru" title="Pemutar skru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemutar skru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2i-s%C4%AD-g%C4%81" title="Lòi-sĭ-gā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lòi-sĭ-gā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="ဝက်အူလှည့် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝက်အူလှည့်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schroevendraaier" title="Schroevendraaier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schroevendraaier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC_(%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7)" title="ドライバー (工具) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドライバー (工具)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сетал – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сетал" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrutrekker" title="Skrutrekker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skrutrekker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrujarn" title="Skrujarn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skrujarn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਪੇਚਕਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੇਚਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86_%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="پیچ کس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیچ کس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wkr%C4%99tak" title="Wkrętak – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wkrętak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chave_de_parafusos" title="Chave de parafusos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chave de parafusos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Отвёртка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отвёртка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%87%D1%83%D1%82" title="Суруукчут – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Суруукчут" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C3%A7avida" title="Kaçavida – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaçavida" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screwdriver" title="Screwdriver – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Screwdriver" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvija%C4%8D" title="Izvijač – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izvijač" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Одвијач – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Одвијач" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odvija%C4%8D" title="Odvijač – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Odvijač" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C3%A8ng" title="Obèng – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Obèng" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruuvimeisseli" title="Ruuvimeisseli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruuvimeisseli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skruvmejsel" title="Skruvmejsel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skruvmejsel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distornilyador" title="Distornilyador – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Distornilyador" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="திருப்புளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருப்புளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="స్క్రూడ్రైవర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్క్రూడ్రైవర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="ไขควง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไขควง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Печтоб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Печтоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%C3%A9ma%27t%C3%A1o%27aneo%27o" title="Onéma'táo'aneo'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Onéma'táo'aneo'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornavida" title="Tornavida – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tornavida" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Викрутка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Викрутка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86_%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="پیچ کس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیچ کس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%83%DB%95" title="ئەتۋىركە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەتۋىركە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casavide" title="Casavide – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Casavide" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%91c_n%C6%A1_v%C3%ADt" title="Tuốc nơ vít – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tuốc nơ vít" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournavys" title="Tournavys – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tournavys" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%BB%E5%87%BF" title="捻凿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捻凿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F-%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="שרויפן-ציער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שרויפן-ציער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Hand tool used for turning screws</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Screwdriver_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Screwdriver (disambiguation)">Screwdriver (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Screwdriver</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Screw_Driver_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Screw_Driver_display.jpg/220px-Screw_Driver_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Screw_Driver_display.jpg/330px-Screw_Driver_display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Screw_Driver_display.jpg/440px-Screw_Driver_display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="852" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">A slotted or "flat-head" screwdriver</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Turnscrew</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hand_tool" title="Hand tool">Hand tool</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Types</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">See <a href="/wiki/List_of_screw_drives" title="List of screw drives">List of screw drives</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Related</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hex_key" title="Hex key">Hex key</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wrench" title="Wrench">Wrench</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>screwdriver</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Tool" title="Tool">tool</a>, manual or powered, used for turning <a href="/wiki/Screw" title="Screw">screws</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, ending in a tip the user puts into the screw head before turning the handle. This form of the screwdriver has been replaced in many workplaces and homes with a more modern and versatile tool, a <a href="/wiki/Power_drill" class="mw-redirect" title="Power drill">power drill</a>, as they are quicker, easier, and can also drill holes. The shaft is usually made of tough steel to resist bending or twisting. The tip may be hardened to resist wear, treated with a dark tip coating for improved visual contrast between tip and screw—or ridged or treated for additional "grip". </p><p>Handles are typically wood, metal, or plastic<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and usually hexagonal, square, or oval in cross-section to improve grip and prevent the tool from rolling when set down. Some manual screwdrivers have interchangeable tips that fit into a socket on the end of the shaft and are held in mechanically or magnetically. These often have a hollow handle that contains various types and sizes of tips, and a reversible <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(device)" title="Ratchet (device)">ratchet</a> action that allows multiple full turns without repositioning the tip or the user's hand. </p><p>A screwdriver is classified by its tip, which is shaped to fit the driving surfaces (slots, grooves, recesses, etc.) on the corresponding screw head. Proper use requires that the screwdriver's tip engage the head of a screw of the same size and type designation as the screwdriver tip. Screwdriver tips are available in a wide variety of types and sizes (<a href="/wiki/List_of_screw_drives" title="List of screw drives">List of screw drives</a>). The two most common are the simple 'blade'-type for slotted screws, and Phillips, generically called "cross-recess", "cross-head", or "cross-point". </p><p>A wide variety of power screwdrivers ranges from a simple "stick"-type with batteries, a motor, and a tip holder all inline, to powerful "pistol" type VSR (variable-speed reversible) <a href="/wiki/Cordless_drills" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordless drills">cordless drills</a> that also function as screwdrivers. This is particularly useful as drilling a pilot hole before driving a screw is a common operation. Special combination drill-driver bits and adapters let an operator rapidly alternate between the two. Variations include <a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">impact drivers</a>, which provide two types of 'hammering' force for improved performance in certain situations, and "right-angle" drivers for use in tight spaces. Many options and enhancements, such as built-in bubble levels, high/low gear selection, magnetic screw holders, adjustable-torque clutches, keyless chucks, "gyroscopic" control, etc., are available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Screws#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Screws">Screws § History</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1989D01301.00006(G1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1989D01301.00006%28G1%29.jpg/170px-Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1989D01301.00006%28G1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1989D01301.00006%28G1%29.jpg/255px-Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1989D01301.00006%28G1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1989D01301.00006%28G1%29.jpg/340px-Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1989D01301.00006%28G1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Slotted screws</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest documented screwdrivers were used in the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. They were probably invented in the late 15th century, either in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> or <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The tool's original names in German and French were <i>Schraubenzieher</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (April 2022)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> (screw-tightener) and <i>tournevis</i> (turnscrew), respectively. The first documentation of the tool is in the medieval <a href="/wiki/Housebook_of_Wolfegg_Castle" title="Housebook of Wolfegg Castle">Housebook of Wolfegg Castle</a>, a manuscript written sometime between 1475 and 1490.<sup id="cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp90-94_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp90-94-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These earliest screwdrivers had pear-shaped handles and were made for slotted screws (diversification of the many types of screwdrivers did not emerge until the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>). The screwdriver remained inconspicuous, however, as evidence of its existence throughout the next 300 years is based primarily on the presence of screws. </p><p>Screws were used in the 15th century to construct screw-cutting <a href="/wiki/Lathes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lathes">lathes</a>, for securing breastplates, backplates, and helmets on medieval <a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">jousting</a> <a href="/wiki/Armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor">armor</a>—and eventually for multiple parts of the emerging <a href="/wiki/History_of_Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Firearms">firearms</a>, particularly the matchlock. Screws, hence screwdrivers, were not used in full combat armor, most likely to give the wearer freedom of movement. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (March 2012)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The jaws that hold the <a href="/wiki/Pyrites" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrites">pyrites</a> inside <a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">wheellock</a> guns were secured with screws, and the need to constantly replace the pyrites resulted in a considerable refinement of the screwdriver. The tool is more documented in France, and took on many shapes and sizes, though all for slotted screws. There were large, heavy-duty screwdrivers for building and repairing large machines, and smaller screwdrivers for refined cabinet work. </p><p>The screwdriver depended entirely on the screw, and it took several advances to make the screw easy enough to produce to become popular and widespread. The most popular door <a href="/wiki/Hinge" title="Hinge">hinge</a> at the time was the butt-hinge, but it was considered a luxury. The butt-hinge was handmade, and its constant motion required the security of a screw. </p><p>Screws were very hard to produce before the <a href="/wiki/First_Industrial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="First Industrial Revolution">First Industrial Revolution</a>, requiring the manufacture of a conical <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helix</a>. The brothers Job and William Wyatt found a way to produce a screw on a novel machine that first cut the slotted head, and then cut the helix. Though their business ultimately failed, their contribution to low-cost manufacturing of the screw ultimately led to a vast increase in the screw and the screwdriver's popularity. The increase in popularity gradually led to refinement and eventually diversification of the screwdriver. Refinement of the precision of screws also significantly contributed to the boom in production, mostly by increasing its efficiency and standardizing sizes, important precursors to industrial manufacture. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robertson_screw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Robertson_screw.jpg/110px-Robertson_screw.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Robertson_screw.jpg/165px-Robertson_screw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Robertson_screw.jpg/220px-Robertson_screw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption>Robertson screw</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/P.L._Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="P.L. Robertson">P.L. Robertson</a>, though he was not the first person to patent the idea of socket-head screws, was the first to successfully commercialize them, starting in 1908. Socket screws rapidly grew in popularity, and are still used for their resistance to wear and tear, compatibility with <a href="/wiki/Hex_key" title="Hex key">hex keys</a>, and ability to stop a <a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">power tool</a> when set. Though immensely popular, Robertson had trouble marketing his invention to the newly booming <a href="/wiki/Auto_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto industry">auto industry</a>, for he was unwilling to relinquish his patents. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phillips_screw_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Phillips_screw_head.jpg/130px-Phillips_screw_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Phillips_screw_head.jpg/195px-Phillips_screw_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Phillips_screw_head.jpg/260px-Phillips_screw_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Phillips screw head</figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Phillips" title="Henry F. Phillips">Henry F. Phillips</a> patented his own invention, an improved version of a deep socket with a <a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">cruciform</a> slot, today known as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_screw_drives#Phillips" title="List of screw drives">Phillips Screw</a>. Phillips offered his screw to the American Screw Company, and after a successful trial on the 1936 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a>, it quickly swept through the <a href="/wiki/American_auto_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="American auto industry">American auto industry</a>. With the Industrial Revival at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and the upheaval of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Phillips screw quickly became, and remains, the most popular screw in the world. A main attraction for the screw was that conventional slotted screwdrivers could also be used on them, which was not possible with the Robertson Screw. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gunsmiths" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunsmiths">Gunsmiths</a> still call a screwdriver a <i>turnscrew</i>, under which name it is an important part of a set of pistols. The name was common in earlier centuries, used by cabinetmakers, shipwrights, and perhaps other trades. The cabinetmaker's screwdriver is one of the longest-established handle forms, somewhat oval or ellipsoid in cross-section. This is variously attributed to improving grip or preventing the tool rolling off the bench. The shape has been popular for a couple of hundred years. It is usually associated with a plain head for slotted screws, but has been used with many head forms. Modern plastic screwdrivers use a handle with a roughly <a href="/wiki/Hexagon" title="Hexagon">hexagonal</a> cross-section to achieve these same two goals, a far cry from the pear-shaped handle of the original 15th-century screwdriver.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (May 2021)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handle">Handle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Handle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Screwdrivers_WPC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Screwdrivers_WPC.jpg/220px-Screwdrivers_WPC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Screwdrivers_WPC.jpg/330px-Screwdrivers_WPC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Screwdrivers_WPC.jpg/440px-Screwdrivers_WPC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption>"Perfect Handle" screwdrivers</figcaption></figure> <p>The handle and shaft of screwdrivers have changed considerably over time. The design is influenced by both purpose and manufacturing requirements. The "Perfect Pattern Handle"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (March 2012)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> screwdriver was first manufactured by <a href="/wiki/H._D._Smith_%26_Co." title="H. D. Smith & Co.">HD Smith & Company</a>, which operated from 1850 to 1900. Many manufacturers adopted this handle design. At the time, the "flat bladed" screw type was prevalent and was the fastener with which they were designed to be used. Another popular design was composed of <a href="/wiki/Drop_forging" class="mw-redirect" title="Drop forging">drop-forged steel</a> with riveted wood handles. </p><p>The shape and material of many modern screwdriver handles are designed <a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">to fit comfortably</a> in the user's hand, for user comfort and to facilitate maximum control and <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a>. Designs include indentations for the user's fingers, and surfaces of a soft material such as <a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic_elastomer" title="Thermoplastic elastomer">thermoplastic elastomer</a> to increase comfort and grip. Composite handles of rigid <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a> are also common. Many screwdriver handles are not smooth and often not round, but have flats or other irregularities to improve grip and to prevent the tool from rolling when on a flat surface. </p><p>Some screwdrivers have a short hexagonal section at the top of the blade, adjacent to the handle, so that a ring spanner or open wrench can be used to increase the applied torque. Another option are "cabinet" screwdrivers which are made of flat bar stock and while the shaft may be rounded, will have a large flat section adjacent to the handle which a wrench (often an adjustable) may be used on for additional leverage. The offset screwdriver has a handle set at right angles to the small blade, providing access to narrow spaces and giving extra torque. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drive_tip">Drive tip</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Drive tip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_screw_drives" title="List of screw drives">List of screw drives</a></div> <p>Screwdrivers come in a large range of sizes to accommodate various screws—from tiny jeweller's screwdrivers up. A screwdriver that is not the right size and type for the screw may damage the screw in the process of tightening it. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Bit"></span><span class="anchor" id="Microbit"></span>Some screwdriver tips are magnetic, so that the screw (unless non-magnetic) remains attached to the screwdriver. This is particularly useful for small screws, which are otherwise very difficult to attempt to handle. Many screwdriver designs have a handle with a detachable tip (the part of the screwdriver that engages the screw), called <i>bits</i> as with <a href="/wiki/Drill_bit" title="Drill bit">drill bits</a>. This provides a set of one handle and several bits that can drive a variety of screw sizes and types. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeweler%27s_screwdriver.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A jeweler's screwdriver"><img alt="A jeweler's screwdriver" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jeweler%27s_screwdriver.jpg/380px-Jeweler%27s_screwdriver.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jeweler%27s_screwdriver.jpg/570px-Jeweler%27s_screwdriver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jeweler%27s_screwdriver.jpg/760px-Jeweler%27s_screwdriver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2715" data-file-height="1287" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A jeweler's screwdriver</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magnetschraubendreher_IMGP1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Screwdriver with magnetic tip"><img alt="Screwdriver with magnetic tip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Magnetschraubendreher_IMGP1940.jpg/277px-Magnetschraubendreher_IMGP1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Magnetschraubendreher_IMGP1940.jpg/415px-Magnetschraubendreher_IMGP1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Magnetschraubendreher_IMGP1940.jpg/553px-Magnetschraubendreher_IMGP1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1042" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Screwdriver with magnetic tip</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slotted">Slotted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Slotted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_flat_screwdriver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Big_flat_screwdriver.jpg/220px-Big_flat_screwdriver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Big_flat_screwdriver.jpg/330px-Big_flat_screwdriver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Big_flat_screwdriver.jpg/440px-Big_flat_screwdriver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Screwdriver with rubber handle</figcaption></figure> <p>The tool used to drive a <b>slotted</b> screw head is called a <i>standard</i>, <i>common blade</i>, <i>flat-blade</i>, <i>slot-head</i>, <i>straight</i>, <i>flat</i>, <i>flat-tip</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-capotosto_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capotosto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "<i>flat-head</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> screwdriver. This last usage can be confusing, because the term <i>flat-head</i> also describes a screw with a flat top, designed to install in a <a href="/wiki/Countersink" title="Countersink">countersunk hole</a>. Furthermore, the term implies that a screwdriver has a "head"; it does not. Such a flat-headed screw may have a slotted, cross, square recessed, or combination head. Before the development of the newer bit types, the flat-blade was called the "Common-Blade", because it was the most common one. Depending on the application, the name of this screwdriver may differ. Within the automotive/heavy electric industries, it is known as a "flat head screwdriver";<sup id="cite_ref-Chilton_2001_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chilton_2001-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the avionics and mining industries, it is known as a "standard screwdriver".<sup id="cite_ref-Richards_Stephenson_1984_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards_Stephenson_1984-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though there are many names; the original device from 1908 was known as a "flat-head screw turner".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Among slotted screwdrivers, variations at the blade or bit end involve the profile of the blade as viewed face-on (from the side of the tool). The more common type is sometimes called <b>keystone</b>, where the blade profile is slightly flared before tapering off at the end, which provides extra stiffness to the workface and makes it capable of withstanding more torque by gripping deeper in the screw slot. To maximize access in space-restricted applications, the <i>cabinet</i> variant screwdriver blade sides are straight and parallel, reaching the end of the blade at a right angle. This design is also frequently used in jeweler's screwdrivers. </p><p>Many textbooks and vocational schools<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (January 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> instruct mechanics to grind down the tip of the blade, which, due to the taper, increases its thickness and consequently allows more precise engagement with the slot in the screw. This approach creates a set of graduated slotted screwdrivers that will fit a particular screw for a tighter engagement and reduce screw head deformation. However, many better-quality screwdriver blades are already <a href="/wiki/Induction_hardening" title="Induction hardening">induction-hardened</a> (surface heat-treated), coated with black-oxide, black-phosphate, or diamond-coated to increase friction between the screwdriver tip and the screw.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus tip grinding after manufacture will likely compromise their durability so it is best to select the proper tip and avoid weakening the manufacture's treatments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phillips">Phillips</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phillips"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Phillips</b> screwdrivers come in several standard sizes, ranging from tiny "jeweler's" to those used for automobile frame assembly—or #000 to #4 respectively. This size number is usually stamped onto the shank (shaft) or handle for identification. Each bit size fits a range of screw sizes, more or less well. Each Phillips screwdriver size also has a related shank diameter. The driver has a 57° point and tapered, unsharp (rounded) flutes. The #1 and smaller bits come to a blunt point, but the #2 and above have no point, but rather a nearly squared-off tip, making each size incompatible with the other. </p><p>The design is often criticized for its tendency to <a href="/wiki/Cam_out" title="Cam out">cam out</a> at lower torque levels than other "cross head" designs, an effect caused by the tapered profile of the flutes which makes them easier to insert into the screw than other similar styles. There has long been a popular belief that this was actually a <i>deliberate</i> feature of the design. Evidence is lacking for this specific narrative and the feature is not mentioned in the original patents.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a subsequent refinement to the original design described in US Patent #2,474,994<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes this feature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robertson">Robertson</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Robertson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Robertson_screw" title="Robertson screw">Robertson screw</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robertson_screwdrivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Robertson_screwdrivers.jpg/220px-Robertson_screwdrivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Robertson_screwdrivers.jpg/330px-Robertson_screwdrivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Robertson_screwdrivers.jpg/440px-Robertson_screwdrivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>A variety of Robertson sizes</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Robertson</b>, also known as a <b>square</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Scrulox</b><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> screw drive has a <a href="/wiki/Square_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Square (geometry)">square</a>-shaped socket in the screw head and a square protrusion on the tool. Both the tool and the socket have a taper, which makes inserting the tool easier, and also tends to help keep the screw on the tool tip. (The taper's earliest reason for being was to make the manufacture of the screws practical using <a href="/wiki/Cold_forming" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold forming">cold forming</a> of the heads,<sup id="cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp79-81_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp79-81-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its other advantages helped popularize the drive.) Robertson screws are commonplace in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, though they have been used elsewhere,<sup id="cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp85-86_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp85-86-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have become much more common in other countries in recent decades. Robertson screwdrivers are easy to use one-handed, because the tapered socket tends to retain the screw, even if it is shaken.<sup id="cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp85-86_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp85-86-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also allow for the use of angled screw drivers and trim head screws. The socket-headed Robertson screws are self-centering, reduce cam out, stop a power tool when set, and can be removed if painted over or old and rusty.<sup id="cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp85-86_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp85-86-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In industry, they speed up production and reduce product damage. One of their first major industrial uses was the Ford Motor Company's Model A & Model T production. Henry Ford found them highly reliable and saved considerable production time, but he could not secure licensing for them in the United States, so he limited their use solely to his Canadian division. Robertson-head screwdrivers are available in a standard range of tip sizes, from 1.77mm to 4.85mm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reed_and_Prince">Reed and Prince</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reed and Prince"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frearson_vs_Phillips.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Frearson_vs_Phillips.svg/170px-Frearson_vs_Phillips.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Frearson_vs_Phillips.svg/255px-Frearson_vs_Phillips.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Frearson_vs_Phillips.svg/340px-Frearson_vs_Phillips.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of Phillips and Frearson screw heads</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Reed and Prince</b>, also called <b>Frearson</b>, is another historic cross-head screw configuration. The cross in the screw head is sharper and less rounded than a Phillips, and the bit has 45° flukes and a sharper, pointed end. Also, the Phillips screw slot is not as deep as the Reed and Prince slot.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In theory, different size R&P screws fit any R&P bit size.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pozidriv">Pozidriv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pozidriv"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PHILLIPS_and_POZIDRIV_screwdrivers_and_screw.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PHILLIPS_and_POZIDRIV_screwdrivers_and_screw.JPG/220px-PHILLIPS_and_POZIDRIV_screwdrivers_and_screw.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PHILLIPS_and_POZIDRIV_screwdrivers_and_screw.JPG/330px-PHILLIPS_and_POZIDRIV_screwdrivers_and_screw.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PHILLIPS_and_POZIDRIV_screwdrivers_and_screw.JPG/440px-PHILLIPS_and_POZIDRIV_screwdrivers_and_screw.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Phillips and Pozidriv compared</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pozidriv</b> and the related <b>Supadriv</b> are widely used in Europe and most of the Far East.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Pozidriv screws have cross heads like Phillips and are sometimes thought effectively the same, the Pozidriv design allows higher torque application than Phillips. It is often claimed that they can apply more torque than any of the other commonly used cross-head screwdriver systems, due to a complex fluting (mating) configuration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_Industrial_Standard_(JIS)"><span id="Japanese_Industrial_Standard_.28JIS.29"></span>Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)</b> cross-head screwdrivers are still another standard, often inaccurately called <i>Japanese Phillips</i>. Compatible screw heads are usually identifiable by a single depressed dot or an "X" to one side of the cross slot. This is a screw standard throughout the Asia market and Japanese imports. The driver has a 57° point with a flat tip.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_types">Other types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Set_of_security_screw_driver_bits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Set_of_security_screw_driver_bits.jpg/220px-Set_of_security_screw_driver_bits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Set_of_security_screw_driver_bits.jpg/330px-Set_of_security_screw_driver_bits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Set_of_security_screw_driver_bits.jpg/440px-Set_of_security_screw_driver_bits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A set of "secure" or otherwise less common screwdriver bits, including secure Torx and secure hex or "Allen" variants</figcaption></figure> <p>Many modern <a href="/wiki/Electrical_appliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical appliance">electrical appliances</a>, if they contain screws, use screws with heads other than the typical slotted or Phillips styles. <b><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">Torx</a></b> is one such pattern that has become widespread. It is a spline tip with a corresponding recess in the screw head. The main cause of this trend is manufacturing efficiency: Torx screwdriver tips do not slip out of the fastener as easily as would a Phillips or slotted driver. (Slotted screws are rarely used in mass-produced devices, since the driver is not inherently centered on the fastener.) </p><p>Non-typical fasteners are commonplace in consumer devices for their ability to make disassembly more difficult, which is seen as a benefit for manufacturers but is considered a disadvantage by users than if more common head types were used. In microwave ovens, such screws deny casual access to the high-power kilovolt electrical components, which are very dangerous. </p><p>However, Torx and other drivers have become widely available to the consumer due to their increasing use in the industry. Some other styles fit a three-pointed star recess, and a five-lobed spline with rounded edges instead of the square edges of the Torx. This is called a <b>Pentalobe</b>. </p><p>Specialized patterns of security screws are also used, such as the <b>Line Head (LH)</b> style by OSG System Products, Japan, as used in many <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> consoles, though drivers for the more common security heads are, again, readily available. Another type of security head has smooth curved surfaces instead of the slot edges that would permit loosening the screw; it is found in public rest room privacy partitions, and cannot be removed by conventional screwdrivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torque_screwdrivers">Torque screwdrivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Torque screwdrivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Torque_screwdriver" title="Torque screwdriver">Torque screwdriver</a></div> <p>Screwdrivers are available—manual, electric, and pneumatic—with a <a href="/wiki/Clutch" title="Clutch">clutch</a> that slips at a preset torque. This helps the user tighten screws to a specified torque without damage or over-tightening. Cordless drills designed to use as screwdrivers often have such a clutch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Powered_screwdrivers">Powered screwdrivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Powered screwdrivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv/220px--%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="Шуруповёрт_в_работе.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>How to use a cordless drill as a powered screwdriver</figcaption></figure> <p>Interchangeable bits allow the use of powered screwdrivers, commonly using an electric or air motor to rotate the bit. <a href="/wiki/Cordless_drill" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordless drill">Cordless drills</a> with speed and torque control are commonly used as power screwdrivers. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 393.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 391.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectricScrewdriver.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A rechargeable battery-powered electric screwdriver"><img alt="A rechargeable battery-powered electric screwdriver" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/ElectricScrewdriver.JPG/587px-ElectricScrewdriver.JPG" decoding="async" width="392" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/ElectricScrewdriver.JPG/880px-ElectricScrewdriver.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/ElectricScrewdriver.JPG/1173px-ElectricScrewdriver.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A rechargeable battery-powered electric screwdriver</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 293.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Werkzeugbit_extra_lang_IMGP9240.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Compact electric screwdriver with extended bit"><img alt="Compact electric screwdriver with extended bit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Werkzeugbit_extra_lang_IMGP9240.jpg/440px-Werkzeugbit_extra_lang_IMGP9240.jpg" decoding="async" width="294" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Werkzeugbit_extra_lang_IMGP9240.jpg/660px-Werkzeugbit_extra_lang_IMGP9240.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Werkzeugbit_extra_lang_IMGP9240.jpg/880px-Werkzeugbit_extra_lang_IMGP9240.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Compact electric screwdriver with extended bit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_061125-N-6889J-033_Builder_3rd_Class_Mathew_Speece_of_Naval_Mobile_Construction_Battalion_Seven_Four_(NMCB-74)_secures_the_frame_of_a_wall_at_Camp_Ramadi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cordless drill being used to drive screw fastener"><img alt="Cordless drill being used to drive screw fastener" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_Navy_061125-N-6889J-033_Builder_3rd_Class_Mathew_Speece_of_Naval_Mobile_Construction_Battalion_Seven_Four_%28NMCB-74%29_secures_the_frame_of_a_wall_at_Camp_Ramadi.jpg/252px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_Navy_061125-N-6889J-033_Builder_3rd_Class_Mathew_Speece_of_Naval_Mobile_Construction_Battalion_Seven_Four_%28NMCB-74%29_secures_the_frame_of_a_wall_at_Camp_Ramadi.jpg/378px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_Navy_061125-N-6889J-033_Builder_3rd_Class_Mathew_Speece_of_Naval_Mobile_Construction_Battalion_Seven_Four_%28NMCB-74%29_secures_the_frame_of_a_wall_at_Camp_Ramadi.jpg/504px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cordless drill being used to drive screw fastener</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratcheting_screwdrivers">Ratcheting screwdrivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ratcheting screwdrivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiral-screwdriver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Spiral-screwdriver.jpg/220px-Spiral-screwdriver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Spiral-screwdriver.jpg/330px-Spiral-screwdriver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Spiral-screwdriver.jpg/440px-Spiral-screwdriver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="118" /></a><figcaption>Stanley Yankee No 130A, spiral or ratchet screwdriver</figcaption></figure> <p>Some manual screwdrivers have a <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(device)" title="Ratchet (device)">ratchet</a> action whereby the screwdriver blade locks to the handle for clockwise rotation, but uncouples for counterclockwise rotation when set for tightening screws—and vice versa for loosening. </p><p>Spiral ratchet screw drivers, often colloquially called <i><a href="/wiki/Yankee_screwdriver" title="Yankee screwdriver">Yankee screwdrivers</a></i> (a brand name), provide a special mechanism that transforms <a href="/wiki/Linear_motion" title="Linear motion">linear motion</a> into <a href="/wiki/Rotational_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational motion">rotational motion</a>. Originally the "<a href="/wiki/Yankee_screwdriver" title="Yankee screwdriver">Yankee</a>" name was used on all tools sold by the <a href="/wiki/North_Brothers_Manufacturing_Company" title="North Brothers Manufacturing Company">North Brothers Manufacturing Company</a> but later, after <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Black_%26_Decker" title="Stanley Black & Decker">Stanley</a> purchased the company, it became synonymous with only this type of screwdriver. The user pushes the handle toward the workpiece, causing a <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(device)" title="Ratchet (device)">pawl</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Spiral" title="Spiral">spiral</a> groove to rotate the shank and the removable bit. The <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(device)" title="Ratchet (device)">ratchet</a> can be set to rotate left or right with each push, or can be locked so that the tool can be used like a conventional screwdriver. One disadvantage of this design is that if the bit slips out of the screw, the resultant sudden extension of the spring may cause the bit to scratch or otherwise damage the workpiece. </p><p>Once very popular, versions of these spiral ratchet drivers using proprietary bits have been largely discontinued by manufacturers such as Stanley. Some companies now offer a modernized version that uses standard <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-inch hex shank power tool bits. Since a wide variety of drill bits are available in this format, the tool can do double duty as a "push drill" or <a href="/wiki/Persian_drill" title="Persian drill">Persian drill</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_screw_drives" title="List of screw drives">List of screw drives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_and_axle" title="Wheel and axle">Wheel and axle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529926/screwdriver">"Screwdriver | tool"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219015814/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529926/screwdriver">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Screwdriver+%26%23124%3B+tool&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F529926%2Fscrewdriver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlas-alltagssprache.de/r10-f3g/">"Schraubenzieher « atlas-alltagssprache"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820061104/https://www.atlas-alltagssprache.de/r10-f3g/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schraubenzieher+%C2%AB+atlas-alltagssprache&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlas-alltagssprache.de%2Fr10-f3g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/kafka/strafkol/strafkol.html">"Franz Kafka: In der Strafkolonie"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809230508/https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/kafka/strafkol/strafkol.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franz+Kafka%3A+In+der+Strafkolonie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.projekt-gutenberg.org%2Fkafka%2Fstrafkol%2Fstrafkol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schraubenzieher">"Schraubenzieher"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806113527/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schraubenzieher">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schraubenzieher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSchraubenzieher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp90-94-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp90-94_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRybczynski2000">Rybczynski 2000</a>, pp. 90–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-capotosto-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-capotosto_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapotosto1996" class="citation cs2">Capotosto, Rosario (December 1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R2YEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA82">"Screwdriver Basics"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a></i>, <b>173</b> (12): 82–83, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-4558">0032-4558</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216031252/https://books.google.com/books?id=R2YEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA82">archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Screwdriver+Basics&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=82-83&rft.date=1996-12&rft.issn=0032-4558&rft.aulast=Capotosto&rft.aufirst=Rosario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR2YEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReview2004" class="citation book cs1">Review, Princeton (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crackingasvab00prin"><i>Cracking the ASVAB</i></a></span>. New York: Random House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crackingasvab00prin/page/174">174</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-76430-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-76430-1"><bdi>978-0-375-76430-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cracking+the+ASVAB&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-375-76430-1&rft.aulast=Review&rft.aufirst=Princeton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrackingasvab00prin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chilton_2001-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chilton_2001_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilton2001" class="citation book cs1">Chilton, G. (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homebasicscomple0000chil"><i>Homebasics: the complete guide to running today's home</i></a></span>. Barnes & Noble Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homebasicscomple0000chil/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-2719-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-2719-5"><bdi>978-0-7607-2719-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homebasics%3A+the+complete+guide+to+running+today%27s+home&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-2719-5&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomebasicscomple0000chil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards_Stephenson_1984-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richards_Stephenson_1984_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardsStephenson1984" class="citation book cs1">Richards, A.J.; Stephenson, J.H. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZTgrJRYYPQC"><i>Avionic Navigation Systems Specialist</i></a>. Extension Course Institute, Air University. p. 169. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530010403/https://books.google.com/books?id=NZTgrJRYYPQC">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Avionic+Navigation+Systems+Specialist&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Extension+Course+Institute%2C+Air+University&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft.au=Stephenson%2C+J.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNZTgrJRYYPQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-screwdriver-set/#:~:text=Black-oxide%2C%20black-phosphate%2C%20and%20diamond-coated%20tips%20increase%20friction%20between,their%20increased%20grip%20strength%20when%20driving%20a%20screw">"The 10 Best Screwdriver Sets of 2023, Tested and Reviewed"</a>. 15 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+10+Best+Screwdriver+Sets+of+2023%2C+Tested+and+Reviewed&rft.date=2020-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bobvila.com%2Farticles%2Fbest-screwdriver-set%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBlack-oxide%252C%2520black-phosphate%252C%2520and%2520diamond-coated%2520tips%2520increase%2520friction%2520between%2Ctheir%2520increased%2520grip%2520strength%2520when%2520driving%2520a%2520screw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdler1998" class="citation thesis cs1">Adler, Alexander (1998-05-18). <i>Testing and Understanding Screwdriver Bit Wear</i> (Master's thesis). Virginia Tech. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10919%2F36701">10919/36701</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Testing+and+Understanding+Screwdriver+Bit+Wear&rft.degree=Master%27s&rft.inst=Virginia+Tech&rft.date=1998-05-18&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10919%2F36701&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2474994">U.S. patent 2,474,994</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFTomalisAmerican_Screw_Company1949"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US2474994">US 2474994</a>, Tomalis, Joseph & American Screw Company, "Screw Socket", published December 30, 1942, issued July 5, 1949</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=2474994&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Screw+Socket&rft.inventor=Tomalis&rft.date=July 5, 1949&rft.pubdate=December 30, 1942"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=7&docid=02474994&IDKey=14D96AF311E8&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect2%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526d%3DPALL%2526S1%3D2474994.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F2474994%2526RS%3DPN%2F2474994">"US Patent #2,474,994 Claims, Page 7"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804055028/http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=7&docid=02474994&IDKey=14D96AF311E8&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect2%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526d%3DPALL%2526S1%3D2474994.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F2474994%2526RS%3DPN%2F2474994">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Patent+%232%2C474%2C994+Claims%2C+Page+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3FPageNum%3D7%26docid%3D02474994%26IDKey%3D14D96AF311E8%26HomeUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fpatft.uspto.gov%252Fnetacgi%252Fnph-Parser%253FSect2%253DPTO1%252526Sect2%253DHITOFF%252526p%253D1%252526u%253D%252Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fsearch-bool.html%252526r%253D1%252526f%253DG%252526l%253D50%252526d%253DPALL%252526S1%253D2474994.PN.%252526OS%253DPN%252F2474994%252526RS%253DPN%252F2474994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qWYVk7lSsN4C&pg=PA107"><i>Furniture Projects for the Deck and Lawn</i></a>. Cambium Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-892836-17-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-892836-17-5"><bdi>978-1-892836-17-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011223753/http://books.google.com/books?id=qWYVk7lSsN4C&pg=PA107">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Furniture+Projects+for+the+Deck+and+Lawn&rft.pub=Cambium+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-892836-17-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqWYVk7lSsN4C%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson_Inc." class="citation web cs1">Robertson Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertsonscrew.com/">"Robertson Inc. - The Original Robertson Fastening System"</a>. <i>Robertson Inc. main site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926201148/http://www.robertsonscrew.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Robertson+Inc.+main+site&rft.atitle=Robertson+Inc.+-+The+Original+Robertson+Fastening+System&rft.au=Robertson+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertsonscrew.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp79-81-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp79-81_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRybczynski2000">Rybczynski 2000</a>, pp. 79–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rybczynski2000pp85-86-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp85-86_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp85-86_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rybczynski2000pp85-86_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRybczynski2000">Rybczynski 2000</a>, pp. 85–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Phillips screwdriver has about 30° flukes and a blunt end, while the Reed and Prince has 45° flukes and a sharper, pointed end." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpub.com/content/aviation/14001/css/14001_39.htm">RECESSED www.tpub.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090408004919/http://www.tpub.com/content/aviation/14001/css/14001_39.htm">Archived</a> 2009-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Uva2010" class="citation book cs1">Michael Uva (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lnpf1TcuH7IC&q=reed+prince+screwdriver+degree&pg=PA135"><i>The Grip Book</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81291-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81291-5"><bdi>978-0-240-81291-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707075955/http://books.google.com/books?id=Lnpf1TcuH7IC&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=reed+prince+screwdriver+degree&source=bl&ots=DQ3IxZxuZQ&sig=tP57CRP7AQX8vm72K2vRr435X5Y&hl=en&ei=AMitTrmhBZLRiAKBkvWABA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=reed%20prince%20screwdriver%20degree&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grip+Book&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-240-81291-5&rft.au=Michael+Uva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLnpf1TcuH7IC%26q%3Dreed%2Bprince%2Bscrewdriver%2Bdegree%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mrotools.com/apex-frearson-reed-and-prince-screwdriver-bits.aspx">"Bits From MRO Tools"</a>. <i>mrotools.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425134342/http://mrotools.com/apex-frearson-reed-and-prince-screwdriver-bits.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-25. <q>The Frearson recess is designed so that any size bit will fit any size recess.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mrotools.com&rft.atitle=Bits+From+MRO+Tools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmrotools.com%2Fapex-frearson-reed-and-prince-screwdriver-bits.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.instructables.com/id/When-a-Phillips-is-not-a-Phillips/step13/Posidriv/">"When a Phillips is not a Phillips, step13: Posidriv"</a>. <i>instructibles.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903151750/http://www.instructables.com/id/When-a-Phillips-is-not-a-Phillips/step13/Posidriv/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-09-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=instructibles.com&rft.atitle=When+a+Phillips+is+not+a+Phillips%2C+step13%3A+Posidriv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instructables.com%2Fid%2FWhen-a-Phillips-is-not-a-Phillips%2Fstep13%2FPosidriv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.instructables.com/id/When-a-Phillips-is-not-a-Phillips/step10/JIS-Japanese-Industrial-Standard/">"When a Phillips is not a Phillips, step10: JIS – Japanese Industrial Standard"</a>. <i>instructibles.com</i>. October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827090123/http://www.instructables.com/id/When-a-Phillips-is-not-a-Phillips/step10/JIS-Japanese-Industrial-Standard">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=instructibles.com&rft.atitle=When+a+Phillips+is+not+a+Phillips%2C+step10%3A+JIS+%E2%80%93+Japanese+Industrial+Standard&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instructables.com%2Fid%2FWhen-a-Phillips-is-not-a-Phillips%2Fstep10%2FJIS-Japanese-Industrial-Standard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screwdriver&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRybczynski2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Witold_Rybczynski" title="Witold Rybczynski">Rybczynski, Witold</a> (2000), <i><a href="/wiki/One_Good_Turn_(book)" title="One Good Turn (book)">One Good Turn: A Natural History of the Screwdriver and the Screw</a></i>, Scribner, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86729-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86729-8"><bdi>978-0-684-86729-8</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/00036988">00036988</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/462234518">462234518</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Good+Turn%3A+A+Natural+History+of+the+Screwdriver+and+the+Screw&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F462234518&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F00036988&rft.isbn=978-0-684-86729-8&rft.aulast=Rybczynski&rft.aufirst=Witold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrewdriver" class="Z3988"></span> Various republications (paperback, e-book, braille, etc).</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Screwdrivers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Screwdrivers">Screwdrivers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/screwdriver" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/screwdriver">screwdriver</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hand_tools" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hand_tools" title="Template talk:Hand tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hand_tools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hand tools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hand_tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hand_tool" title="Hand tool">Hand tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sawhorse" title="Sawhorse">Sawhorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toolbox" title="Toolbox">Toolbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench" title="Workbench">Workbench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjustable_spanner" title="Adjustable spanner">Adjustable spanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_tool" title="Antique tool">Antique tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basin_wrench" title="Basin wrench">Basin wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_plane" title="Block plane">Block plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brace_(tool)" title="Brace (tool)">Brace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradawl" title="Bradawl">Bradawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaker_bar" title="Breaker bar">Breaker bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%27s_paw_(tool)" title="Cat's paw (tool)">Cat's paw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulk" title="Caulk">Caulking gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimp_(joining)#Electrical_crimp" title="Crimp (joining)">Crimper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowbar" title="Crowbar">Crowbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_tape" title="Fish tape">Fish tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimlet_(tool)" title="Gimlet (tool)">Gimlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_breaker" title="Glass breaker">Glass breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_gun" title="Grease gun">Grease gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_tacker" title="Hammer tacker">Hammer tacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_(plasterer%27s_tool)" title="Hawk (plasterer's tool)">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headlamp_(outdoor)" title="Headlamp (outdoor)">Headlamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_key" title="Hex key">Hex key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">Hole punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">Impact driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(device)" title="Jack (device)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locking_pliers" title="Locking pliers">Locking pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lug_wrench" title="Lug wrench">Lug wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_box" title="Mitre box">Mitre box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_wrench" title="Monkey wrench">Monkey wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-tool" title="Multi-tool">Multi-tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_driver" title="Nut driver">Nut driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_roller" title="Paint roller">Paint roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush#paintbrushes" title="Brush">Paintbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_sharpener" title="Pencil sharpener">Pencil sharpener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_drill" title="Persian drill">Persian drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincers_(tool)" title="Pincers (tool)">Pincers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_wrench" title="Pipe wrench">Pipe wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber_wrench" title="Plumber wrench">Plumber wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber%27s_snake" title="Plumber's snake">Plumber's snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunger" title="Plunger">Plunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podger_spanner" title="Podger spanner">Podger spanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_(tool)" title="Punch (tool)">Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_down_tool" title="Punch down tool">Punch down tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_awl" title="Scratch awl">Scratch awl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Screwdriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer" title="Sledgehammer">Sledgehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_hammer" title="Slide hammer">Slide hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_wrench" title="Socket wrench">Socket wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_maul" title="Spike maul">Spike maul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Stitching awl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap_wrench" title="Strap wrench">Strap wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_light" title="Tactical light">Tactical light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_iron" title="Tire iron">Tire iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue-and-groove_pliers" title="Tongue-and-groove pliers">Tongue-and-groove pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torque_wrench" title="Torque wrench">Torque wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweezers" title="Tweezers">Tweezers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upholstery_hammer" title="Upholstery hammer">Upholstery hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrench" title="Wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_tools" title="Template:Types of tools">Types of tools</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cleaning_tools" title="Template:Cleaning tools">Cleaning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template:Cutting and abrasive tools">Cutting and abrasive</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Template:Forestry tools">Forestry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Garden_tools" title="Template:Garden tools">Garden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools">Hand</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kitchen_tools" title="Template:Kitchen tools">Kitchen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Machine_and_metalworking_tools" title="Template:Machine and metalworking tools">Machine and metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Masonry_tools" title="Template:Masonry tools">Masonry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Measuring_and_alignment_tools" title="Template:Measuring and alignment tools">Measuring and alignment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mining_equipment" title="Template:Mining equipment">Mining</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" title="Template:Power tools">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_tools" title="Template:Textile tools">Textile</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodworking" title="Template:Woodworking">Woodworking</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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