CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e841a837ca9a091',cH: 'd0jSQ.MCeHgXpbiSHHmVlZJZXmFkG4aRI3qK6286gTQ-1732563553-1.2.1.1-ilni1FW.xMADnlclDSlsMKE6AUDmMMfV9mgKB60bKMNpHPEmNoceCpZfDrDflD9J',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=S000343&__cf_chl_tk=GraX4cgwJSEj8scmtHrW32_TM7rc6DDfo9M4dqooOXM-1732563553-1.0.1.1-azUrMbLlmsytHSwG5bTXhPg52JbGMd_LqJWmZcQ_ZAo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732563553',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=S000343&__cf_chl_f_tk=GraX4cgwJSEj8scmtHrW32_TM7rc6DDfo9M4dqooOXM-1732563553-1.0.1.1-azUrMbLlmsytHSwG5bTXhPg52JbGMd_LqJWmZcQ_ZAo",md: "Dq51JcbpCNNSQQtup73AeEqcvluuIngLrAPlxqig.I8-1732563553-1.2.1.1-JCQLQTvtwo2CKSvuC_TWsza1SOfOJWV9hHu4GBX4L9qTu4LoOLRLKOrOn0uG.wQJRkrPimYDt8iWzTJ5u3yv6zTNP6eO5uz9lNTfcL3_8IcGRxR29.U5OucXKL9DqukyRXtsfjpl2dIUOUK5RUJtMv9jQy_gOxJnoiBHHkwvAQ0kS8DPmWUIghZ3TCcRMtmXvpyzGw12Co3ybnK5rq5pAFgDo4ZErVlVJZgwqQ3Z8oaChtoRU5IAn51ga12nTNzyRPdSV3jK7fB_VVgLm7e2FS8wKRY1UdSst1lVg.Zhgr9qsrmT_PFRq2Uvc8iUxFqdCL6150GKTkBRDVk.pR31Ceh2.FIy1nN6wA321Kul4wMIEc533B8PKByXXgSlTp1WzGBxkfw3LfSmFepk.O00vWQxBLibNkVp8A0oj7_lwbLnuzUPhSi6MhPwjdR_rWMUf2aTXAriBWYETcMHUMJfppb.pvMISmNyFSB6HLgf6l6hO8QeC4kfZpoKAyJrbe8UL.rAvn_Hj1QiAWrSJm9rbQHzjimL9k394Rh87TS6RVi3KL81tuf9DLFpYW_C21mOcIT_KHeq9M0fPjcoDu0UE3Zp1GCo9FDz9hlyZF2vEzFa8t0rkWNrfjk0yoEOsCOPh7OfXLmUlXHm7ub4KU2wwftE_l.Fe8kUkjzTseUqsyrMSRPCFOlR7LlKVKdDVURCctBlPSSoxcBWK2vn4h1bRmMvQO6s3Yy0lTdCmBwR8P6FyxxK6l0KPp4WQ8UJ6xDz1CukDpfubdPIG4R_4kTs8h7hmwpxDFpJdN6.FgllpfumerTDAuNVLyVzn2kFrh3GncGYC5jexl_lG4g6kWl4t4GXqqaHwnNSDWnjflReiv6TtOwc1muTojqkfAr20OvApCE7tcub6HIyugg8aRGyAfhMzjPDujCLYOYSqNguuhIA4NviNQlkIfXeksqqvROc5.3gosprdnQ5XCd_20S3KyQxvRtwtXW4CvnX7ycdvP20b0UyUEPrkogq.L5SHo5Pnc.kJA9zsWNB.Og3Nj95bmboGg.LLEKUs3X1.i3fxpz2MQKFxJ0wVBT_TtowPovMo4GA2lvV5UaFhS3sIC2ReGhfEkNAmzsRRuoLmFf0OHWON7y4AXUkNhje0Td18I1m9B9VwhiXIpo4F9wmpQo7CNMfAqEXMoQjGYK.zbYkVWcxH4zbtMDeAzZJ6f05wjZ8x5mOZC3_CrKnchETr2Cb5S47TOCpRITWaMbaqrkUHf6H3YzRCUSQuzTKIRUjV23m1s2yfiSS._kQLYPT1iuA9I24xT_LzhL0S_2UZAuSG08A9IdXxFetHV55Kw0V.e802wxNyZ5YyZVYh0OFaNLZg3qgUryt8oJyh09lhG0HBhWIrYADgbpu1QjM6RteQZyTQr.eNCJffB7El9yIHaJ7PgJ7O0v8aIVx3wAs1OtHaUvCNTu7tefvOuhKjp8SErgRIE92fa2ga4ueGfITAPvDXYMSYZ2H6GDpqE7UH9jI1UxEemMgkudL3HrpwrK1ZKckDXSElYHHp0GHe9uazGzM1zM456xT9UnfSxBYYhDzuTngPSvZsx2.AKcFwMCRKU_7UJZ.Qii7_yfBaj0.GEYZhm5qAq.2HRc.d7qq7MMJNr0REbvyjiez2.674BiqKyxR8JdaqVuM7fKFcb_CNb2kFx0n2nAmpx053GYlYPWApPOe4yChh3AMZtMlBLgqJt21pHbPRTpMvgTYtD41.N76TA6uuK7336Hpt1BLpd0BfsoU0epj_ttZYFWbf12foWB2Coq3aQlkVzZjCQvpgILMi5I1pXkD3phrIIvM3RWUefWi9XjONV7._EGQmE1TaKa_5ijZsgYxSOBqIQe9T2V6W8g39wPMw6Ng9T2PN30K1BHhRHvV1yLXN6S6QPulFpm_hTxeLY15XX0Xa9biEVMP2w7DqYptPJaQmrsz4Wo_uAZDLZbnhygjbngUoGJt6AMpDWaDZhJ27JIeivLmOjedwI6ZycLTkOpdayqUTErxbAs",mdrd: "HCUmQQgM0pmgT3j4uBNqUMt8wr.BjVm6qvrIxx9TvGY-1732563553-1.2.1.1-0RDDze9qarAy2YIUtztkXheWSTM8KBHNw7mXK2Ncmrus09hQohbK_moAE8BSw8Pl0kirBZsdeaeS_RD1x2yYRJv.Vmi1VoorOo1EWuZc1lb3EXb9v6QAUbridci772Tbowoqob1.PqCISvhI8zrzjybxCwFqd1evxau5t4ff77P4EqZXjS43n7v.0ZV2AT6MhlKGzlnyId0NpiMfA0qZ6kA5By2nxKRejWAnWLryQAGJIeQtMQp0T_SadTNCY.ie6GACX6Z7b9cEQnY0GPZUnKb4tnUlcdFrsg5N2w0zlEZkIqDzP7eSfm4ef1rnRHln_pFyIoITo6N0pyDricgimmjvaKKXsBYixlfujKegqQBnkHsgACXKbOGREGbFHIkAaUKKyVDzQouTN__MH6cL4muBn6KoXTD3Eyu5A04q8rp8zAFFBoyVj0jOuKtCyE1bzFHon_V4FyYgyEHsJ76.mU9HGR.xYKZ4DC00ypdOlDJZlB0l_69QBa9IWHLVyYJOP3ErDrz2V3Vi1w6WekMk.NRwh2Ej7PZ4aBDXm_07ZT57uPjTFrz.oThyrJa8rYxJFubrA39JsMVxVu33k3TGQagLQUOYS8GdPc8Q4To0d4D3xtloE0awAISSTC3lpWKm3bZhM7EZAEBklja3TK8RRqsXRopkxtbkMzUmXmZfzDs63leJNKZzXZq4wzFf_nV9npLM6oAlmluCoc.QX7o5W7Uq8vAy_mbCzdP4DSHlhYg.RxdgYpyNpkZDwyvlpjiLPwJ60xEPlg562XT4A2uosGZ2XlHaPj0vA5Sy9As.Q91Z8bUGnswJT3PyziMLnvGr5EbBsuum4Cspt87x2lIrL_dhCHI8EeAKxouH2m4LXGpxHaMNAMlhtoocT0pnWLMB8O94qwEnBA_2eQCH__sxgFfK95SORypTUEHQk1pDsqnMBC1iijvjmdSbaWVI3zetl7Tvv2weTq9p35tBY07u7wZ1NcQK2QbNel5KYW3rGuRoRl4ixY2_Lcb34QnwNsXRHhb0eIk3TQV89Kgwu6LAmbX4J8.4A4Ft0Cf8ibEgPpSOZFsOMJybMuM6I42fJtEJsZe0CNyaClfHQFKalA_a6R3lUAbFQDnd_zzIWWwxkGLCKBnJh0eYgszS2sokLP7NMuN16C8.NkTVNf_6I2grcC9Dyy_pX2WNaM2WvYZoDhSUVcy0PEEXPfmMaUERNhW.e9ke1nqBwCp_yCYAsbC8xyGuQ9ZpCpMPcWnR_BrwotJ8Nhsc8QNWnNq3MtXzDjaqyI6e2z9NhOVbLx._ZusIRnleqnKKB_KyyjngZT2W4JUWZr_5L8NPhviwoKphiAwZ64Ui0KnOwJIvZsgTHctbi2pR9qBYMOgofCzSoyPrvTOpRnbEG8U9ptIMMhDRjAgQ7.pxLjgbc4GxErXwPx4ajxJgdBCzhelXWqNVCiVh8PGVnMnKi1S44zppU1u9XcjtjGIuZpbjyGc1fjQjr9hwXtxC9qR8unhdLyo8Pse4jrS1I49y3KPP0LRt3nZIjbgMpHjrFsSPyMWWE1gLQAwAtcftyDW7vhi6ve.BddLfUI_yY3r4a_QkDiwN_hwiWjl2ys8xQCj9lY6og7kSwuph1WHXEQlaKuls03.xuNC.uxlquIvvH62sbEtUjRTJEc29T6Tp5uUkVolVQFyxqbVcGYjY2gdKjHRW8A4PFjtm4zfiPLzAEZeputYUvDulkbTpqpau1oQRJgDqIgKAzyOXfg75cCkt6ysXackWKBg7N2wFHHfFy1HPT9QvHM6aGhr2w9RKkh6NfCTe8q5KBAVW2cTJYkRri5QlirkyTIEhaik8PQay52apvIVfUvFGQbXKOthg76Pm6tYdyM6_o7h6WFm4KG91f49un7LEzyDfLr89dyjS8t_QCjhqxr7M35DK6pqZiwvPu0ma0o9KBC.5ARw3GKkhcQx5wjYVNK7OpB6gz_XQ9ubp5I7Gb3hBeimo3ztrGAIaZ8M3d5uuGiGPCg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e841a837ca9a091';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=S000343&__cf_chl_rt_tk=GraX4cgwJSEj8scmtHrW32_TM7rc6DDfo9M4dqooOXM-1732563553-1.0.1.1-azUrMbLlmsytHSwG5bTXhPg52JbGMd_LqJWmZcQ_ZAo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>