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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_web_standards_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_web_standards_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The web standards movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_web_standards_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Common usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards_publications_and_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards_publications_and_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Standards publications and bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards_publications_and_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-standard_and_vendor-proprietary_pressures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-standard_and_vendor-proprietary_pressures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Non-standard and vendor-proprietary pressures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-standard_and_vendor-proprietary_pressures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_Standards_Compliance_Testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_Standards_Compliance_Testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Web Standards Compliance Testing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Web_Standards_Compliance_Testing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Web Standards Compliance Testing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Web_Standards_Compliance_Testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compliance_tests_for_website_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compliance_tests_for_website_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Compliance tests for website code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compliance_tests_for_website_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compliance_tests_for_web_browsers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compliance_tests_for_web_browsers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Compliance tests for web browsers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compliance_tests_for_web_browsers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Web standards</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="معايير الويب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معايير الويب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1ndares_web" title="Estándares web – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estándares web" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8" title="استانداردهای وب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استانداردهای وب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standards_du_Web" title="Standards du Web – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Standards du Web" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%B9_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80" title="웹 표준 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웹 표준" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standar_web" title="Standar web – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Standar web" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standar_web" title="Standar web – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Standar web" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webstandaarden" title="Webstandaarden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Webstandaarden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%96%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="ウェブ標準 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェブ標準" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Web standards" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standarde_web" title="Standarde web – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Standarde web" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veb-standardi" title="Veb-standardi – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Veb-standardi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webbstandard" title="Webbstandard – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Webbstandard" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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standard">standards</a> and other technical <a href="/wiki/Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Specification">specifications</a> that define and describe aspects of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. In recent years, the term has been more frequently associated with the trend of endorsing a set of standardized <a href="/wiki/Best_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Best practices">best practices</a> for building <a href="/wiki/Web_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Web site">web sites</a>, and a philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a> and development that includes those methods.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Web standards include many interdependent standards and specifications, some of which govern aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, not just the World Wide Web. Even when not web-focused, such standards directly or indirectly affect the development and administration of web sites and <a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">web services</a>. Considerations include the <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessibility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a> of web pages and web sites. </p><p>Web standards consist of the following: </p> <ul><li>Recommendations published by the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>/<a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a> (CSS), image formats such as <a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">Portable Network Graphics</a> (PNG) and <a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> (SVG), as well as accessibility technologies like <a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">WAI-ARIA</a><sup id="cite_ref-allsopp_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allsopp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Standards and "Living standards" published by the <a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</a> (WHATWG), such as the <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML Living Standard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM Standard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Encoding Standard</a> and <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL Standard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Standards published by <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a> (formerly ECMA)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> (also known as <i>ECMAScript</i>) and <a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Object_Notation" class="mw-redirect" title="JavaScript Object Notation">JavaScript Object Notation</a> (JSON) <sup id="cite_ref-allsopp_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allsopp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Standards published by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a><sup id="cite_ref-allsopp_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allsopp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>More broadly, the following technologies may be referred to as "web standards" as well: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">Request for Comments</a> (RFC) documents published by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard and various Unicode Technical Reports (UTRs) published by the <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Name and number registries maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> (IANA)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Web standards are evolving specifications of web technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Web standards are developed by <a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">standards organizations</a>—groups of interested and often competing parties chartered with the task of standardization—not technologies developed and declared to be a standard by a single individual or company. It is crucial to distinguish those specifications that are under development from the ones that already reached the final development status (in case of <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> specifications, the highest maturity level). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_web_standards_movement">The web standards movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The web standards movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest visible manifestation of the web standards movement was the <a href="/wiki/Web_Standards_Project" title="Web Standards Project">Web Standards Project</a>, launched in August 1998 as a grassroots coalition fighting for improved web standards support in browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The web standards movement supports concepts of standards-based web design, including the separation of document structure from a web page or application's appearance and behavior; an emphasis on semantically structured content that validates (that is, contains no errors of structural composition) when tested against validation software maintained by the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_enhancement" title="Progressive enhancement">progressive enhancement</a>, a layered approach to web page and application creation that enables all people and devices to access the content and functionality of a page, regardless of personal physical ability (accessibility), connection speed, and browser capability. </p><p>Prior to the web standards movement, many web page developers used invalid, incorrect HTML syntax such as "table layouts" and "spacer" GIF images to create web pages — an approach often referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Tag_soup" title="Tag soup">tag soup</a>". Such pages sought to look the same in all browsers of a certain age (such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Internet_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Internet Explorer">Microsoft Internet Explorer</a> 4 and <a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator" title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> 4), but were often inaccessible to people with disabilities. Tag soup pages also displayed or operated incorrectly in older browsers, and required code forks such as <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> for <a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator" title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> and JScript for <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> that added to the cost and complexity of development. The extra code required, and the lack of a caching page layout language, made web sites "heavy" in terms of bandwidth, as did the frequent use of images as text. These bandwidth requirements were burdensome to users in developing countries, rural areas, and wherever fast Internet connections were unavailable. </p><p>The Web Standards movement pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Davis_(web_design)" title="Glenn Davis (web design)">Glenn Davis</a>, George Olsen, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zeldman" title="Jeffrey Zeldman">Jeffrey Zeldman</a>, Steven Champeon, Todd Fahrner, <a href="/wiki/Eric_A._Meyer" title="Eric A. Meyer">Eric A. Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantek_%C3%87elik" title="Tantek Çelik">Tantek Çelik</a>, Dori Smith, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Bray" title="Tim Bray">Tim Bray</a>, Jeffrey Veen, and other members of the Web Standards Project replaced bandwidth-heavy <a href="/wiki/Tag_soup" title="Tag soup">tag soup</a> with light, semantic markup and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_enhancement" title="Progressive enhancement">progressive enhancement</a>, with the goal of making web content "accessible to all".<sup id="cite_ref-WebStandardsMission_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebStandardsMission-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Web Standards movement declared that <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> were more than simply interesting technologies. "They are a way of creating Web pages that will facilitate the twin goals of sophisticated and appropriate presentation and widespread accessibility."<sup id="cite_ref-WebStandardsMission_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebStandardsMission-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group succeeded in persuading <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, and other browser makers to support these standards in their browsers. It then set about promoting these standards to designers, who were still using <a href="/wiki/Tag_soup" title="Tag soup">tag soup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a>, and other proprietary technologies to create web pages. </p><p>In 2007, Douglas Vos initiated the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Beanie_Day" title="Blue Beanie Day">Blue Beanie Day</a>, inspired by Jeffrey Zeldman, who is shown with a blue cap on the book cover of his 2003 book <i>Designing with Web Standards</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the <a href="/wiki/30_November" class="mw-redirect" title="30 November">30 November</a> is the annual international celebration of web standards and <a href="/wiki/Web_accessibility" title="Web accessibility">web accessibility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_usage">Common usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Common usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a web site or web page is described as complying with web standards, it usually means that the site or page has valid <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a> and <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>. The HTML should also meet <a href="/wiki/Web_accessibility" title="Web accessibility">accessibility</a> and <a href="/wiki/HTML#Semantic_HTML" title="HTML">semantic</a> guidelines. Full standard compliance also covers proper settings for <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a>, valid <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a> or valid <a href="/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a> news feed, valid <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a>, valid <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>, valid <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, valid object embedding, valid script embedding, browser- and resolution-independent codes, and proper server settings. </p><p>When web standards are discussed, the following publications are typically seen as foundational: </p> <ul><li>Recommendations for <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup languages</a>, such as Hypertext Markup Language (<a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>), Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (<a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>), and Scalable Vector Graphics (<a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>) from W3C.</li> <li>Recommendations for <a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(web_development)" title="Style sheet (web development)">stylesheets</a>, especially Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), from W3C.</li> <li>Standards for <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>, more commonly JavaScript, from Ecma International.</li> <li>Recommendations for Document Object Models (<a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a>), from W3C.</li> <li>Properly formed names and addresses for the page and all other resources referenced from it (<a href="/wiki/URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URIs</a>), based upon RFC 2396, from IETF.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Proper use of <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> and <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> to deliver the page, return data from it and to request other resources referenced in it, based on RFC 2616, from IETF.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Web accessibility is normally based upon the <a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published by the W3C's <a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a>. </p><p>Work in the W3C toward the <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a> is currently focused by publications related to the <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> (RDF), <a href="/wiki/GRDDL" title="GRDDL">Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages</a> (GRDDL) and <a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">Web Ontology Language</a> (OWL). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards_publications_and_bodies">Standards publications and bodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Standards publications and bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A W3C Recommendation is a specification or set of guidelines that, after extensive consensus-building, has received the endorsement of W3C Members and the Director. </p><p>An IETF Internet Standard is characterized by a high degree of technical maturity and by a generally held belief that the specified protocol or service provides significant benefit to the Internet community. A specification that reaches the status of Standard is assigned a number in the IETF STD series while retaining its original IETF RFC number. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-standard_and_vendor-proprietary_pressures">Non-standard and vendor-proprietary pressures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-standard and vendor-proprietary pressures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HTML 5 contains numerous "willful violations" of other specifications, in order to accommodate limitations of existing platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Web_Standards_Compliance_Testing">Web Standards Compliance Testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Web Standards Compliance Testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are compliance tests both for HTML code generated by websites as well as for the faithful interpretation of HTML code by web browsers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compliance_tests_for_website_code">Compliance tests for website code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compliance tests for website code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> offers online services to test websites directly for both web site developers, as well as for website users. These include: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://validator.w3.org/">Markup Validation Service</a> to check the markup (HTML, XHTML, ...) of Web documents</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/">CSS Validation Service</a> to check Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and (X)HTML documents with style sheets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compliance_tests_for_web_browsers">Compliance tests for web browsers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Compliance tests for web browsers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Web_Standards_Project" title="Web Standards Project">Web Standards Project</a> (WaSP), although development is officially <i>inactive</i>, continues to offer two levels of testing services for web browsers: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webstandards.org/action/acid2/index.html">Acid2 Browser Test</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webstandards.org/action/acid3/index.html">Acid3 Browser Test</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid3" title="Acid3">Acid3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Designing_with_Web_Standards" title="Designing with Web Standards">Designing with Web Standards</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Foundation" title="Open Web Foundation">Open Web Foundation</a> (OWF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">Responsive web design</a> (RWD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">W3C Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Standards_Project" title="Web Standards Project">Web Standards Project</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_standards&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span 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reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webstandards.org/about/mission/">"Mission - Web Standards Project"</a>. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Server-side154"><a href="/wiki/Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">Server-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">v2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">v3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Internet Server Application Programming Interface">C ISAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">COM ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Jakarta Servlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_container" title="Web container">container</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Interface_for_.NET" title="Open Web Interface for .NET">CLI OWIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_handler" title="HTTP handler">ASP.NET Handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Web Server Gateway Interface">Python WSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">Python ASGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_(web_server_interface)" title="Rack (web server interface)">Ruby Rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSGI" title="JSGI">JavaScript JSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plack_(software)#PSGI" title="Plack (software)">Perl PSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">Portlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">container</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apache_modules" title="List of Apache modules">Apache modules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Server_Side_Includes" title="Server Side Includes">mod_include</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_jk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod jk">mod_jk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_lisp" title="Mod lisp">mod_lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod parrot">mod_parrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">mod_php</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_proxy" title="Mod proxy">mod_proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_python" title="Mod python">mod_python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_wsgi" title="Mod wsgi">mod_wsgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_ruby" title="Mod ruby">mod_ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phusion_Passenger" title="Phusion Passenger">Phusion Passenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">Web resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web-oriented_architecture" title="Web-oriented architecture">WOA</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Resource-oriented_architecture" title="Resource-oriented architecture">ROA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_API" title="Open API">Open API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">Application server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_application_servers" title="List of application servers">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Client-side89"><a href="/wiki/Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">Client-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">Browser APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">C NPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#LiveConnect" title="NPAPI">LiveConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#XPConnect" title="NPAPI">XPConnect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#NPRuntime" title="NPAPI">C NPRuntime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">C PPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">NaCl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">BHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XBAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_API#Client_side" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-sent_events" title="Server-sent events">SSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOM_event" title="DOM event">DOM events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_File_API" title="HTML5 File API">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> (formerly W3C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebUSB" title="WebUSB">WebUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_scripting" title="Remote scripting">Remote scripting</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydration_(web_development)" 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