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data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&returnto=Ko%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29" title="Иако није обавезно, препоручујемо да се пријавите [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Пријави ме</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Више опција" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Личне алатке" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A3_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5\" title=\"Википедија:Такмичење у писању чланака/У свету Флоре и Фауне\"\u003EФлоре и фауне\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; 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значајних жена\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E на Викицитату.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедија:Акција проширивања клица\"\u003Eакцији проширивања клица\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Садржај" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Садржај</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Proizvodni_procesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proizvodni_procesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Proizvodni procesi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proizvodni_procesi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Садржај одељка Proizvodni procesi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proizvodni_procesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metode_štavljenja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metode_štavljenja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Metode štavljenja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metode_štavljenja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hemijski_sastav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemijski_sastav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hemijski sastav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hemijski_sastav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sirovine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sirovine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sirovine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sirovine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidi_još" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidi_još"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vidi još</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidi_još-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoljašnje_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Spoljašnje veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koža (materijal)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 91" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 језик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leer_(stof)" title="Leer (stof) — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Leer (stof)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC)" title="جلد (منتج) — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جلد (منتج)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuiro" title="Cuiro — арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuiro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cueru" title="Cueru — астуријски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cueru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астуријски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakekan" title="Pakekan — атикамеку" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Pakekan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамеку" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakapi" title="Vakapi — гварани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vakapi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гварани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumping" title="Lumping — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lumping" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit_(produk_haiwan)" title="Kulit (produk haiwan) — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kulit (produk haiwan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Кожа (суровина) — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кожа (суровина)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anit" title="Anit — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Anit" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="পাকাচামড়া — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাকাচামড়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Koža (materijal) — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Koža (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAr" title="Lêr — бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lêr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuir" title="Cuir — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cuir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehwe" title="Dehwe — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dehwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%83%E1%8F%A5" title="ᎦᏃᏥ — чероки" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏃᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lledr" title="Lledr — велшки" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lledr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="велшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сăран — чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%C5%88" title="Useň — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Useň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gb%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Gbɔŋ — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Gbɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6der" title="Læder — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Læder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leder" title="Leder — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahk_(materjal)" title="Nahk (materjal) — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nahk (materjal)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ζωικό δέρμα — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωικό δέρμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather" title="Leather — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leather" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuero" title="Cuero — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledo" title="Ledo — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ledo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larru" title="Larru — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Larru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%85" title="چرم — персијски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuir" title="Cuir — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leathar" title="Leathar — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leathar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coiro" title="Coiro — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D)" title="עור (חומר גלם) — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עור (חומר גלם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="चमड़ा — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चमड़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Koža (materijal) — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Koža (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AB" title="Կաշի — јерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաշի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="јерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledro" title="Ledro — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ledro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B0ur" title="Leður — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuoio" title="Cuoio — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cuoio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革 — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="皮革" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%A9n%C9%9B_t%C9%94n%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Kpɩnɛ tɔnʋʋ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɩnɛ tɔnʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Булгаары — киргиски" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Булгаары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%98%81" title="피혁 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피혁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwi" title="Kwi — хаићански" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаићански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corium" title="Corium — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Corium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80da_(materi%C4%81ls)" title="Āda (materiāls) — летонски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Āda (materiāls)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="летонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieder" title="Lieder — луксембуршки" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lieder" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="луксембуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda_(med%C5%BEiaga)" title="Oda (medžiaga) — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oda (medžiaga)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laer" title="Laer — лимбуршки" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coramm" title="Coramm — ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Coramm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%91r_(anyag)" title="Bőr (anyag) — мађарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bőr (anyag)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мађарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="തുകൽ — малајалам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുകൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="चामडे — марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चामडे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1" title="သားရေ — бурмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သားရေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бурмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leer_(stof)" title="Leer (stof) — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leer (stof)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6r" title="Lær — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lær" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAr" title="Lêr — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lêr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuer" title="Cuer — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cuer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm" title="Charm — узбечки" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Charm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚਮੜਾ — пенџапски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਮੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенџапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leder" title="Leder — Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Leder" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85%DA%91%D8%A7" title="چمڑا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چمڑا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3ra_(surowiec)" title="Skóra (surowiec) — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skóra (surowiec)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couro" title="Couro — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Couro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piele_(material)" title="Piele (material) — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piele (material)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Кожа (материал) — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кожа (материал)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laither" title="Laither — шкотски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laither" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шкотски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85" title="چم — синди" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABkura_(material)" title="Lëkura (material) — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lëkura (material)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%85_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="පදම්කළ සම් — синхалешки" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පදම්කළ සම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriu" title="Coriu — сицилијански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Coriu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather" title="Leather — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leather" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usnje" title="Usnje — словеначки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Usnje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словеначки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85" title="چەرم — централни курдски" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەرم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="централни курдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Koža (materijal) — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koža (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahka" title="Nahka — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nahka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4der" title="Läder — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Läder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தோல்சரக்கு நுட்பியல் — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோல்சரக்கு நுட்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katad" title="Katad — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Katad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Күн — татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_thu%E1%BB%99c" title="Da thuộc — вијетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Da thuộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вијетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Чарм — таџички" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чарм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таџички" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deri_(malzeme)" title="Deri (malzeme) — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deri (malzeme)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagana_%C3%B6n%C3%BCm%C3%A7iligi" title="Bagana önümçiligi — туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bagana önümçiligi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Шкіра (матеріал) — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкіра (матеріал)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85%DA%91%DB%81" title="چمڑہ — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چمڑہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwero" title="Kwero — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kwero" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革 — ву кинески" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皮革" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postevan" title="Postevan — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Postevan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮革" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%9A%AE_(%E6%96%99)" title="真皮 (料) — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="真皮 (料)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Уреди међујезичке везе" class="wbc-editpage">Уреди везе</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именски простори"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" title="Прочитајте овај чланак [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Чланак</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80:Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)" rel="discussion" title="Разговарајте о страници [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Разговор</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Штампање/извоз </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ko%C5%BEa_%28materijal%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Преузми у PDF-у</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Одштампајте ову страницу [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Одштампај</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> На другим пројектима </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leather" hreflang="en"><span>Викиостава</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q286" title="Веза ка ставци на спремишту података [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ставка на Википодацима</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатке странице"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24414138">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ukoliko ste tražili kožu kao telesni omotač, pogledajte članak <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Кожа">koža</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Leathertools.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leathertools.jpg/220px-Leathertools.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leathertools.jpg/330px-Leathertools.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leathertools.jpg/440px-Leathertools.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Različiti proizvodi od kože i alati za obradu kože</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Koža</b> je materijal koji se dobija <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tavljenje" title="Štavljenje">štavljenjem</a> sirove <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Животиње">životinjske</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Кожа">kože</a>. Upotreba životinjske kože počela je još u praistoriji <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек">čoveka</a>. Kako sirova koža vremenom postaje kruta i lomljiva, ljudi su razvili razne metode obrade. Najraniji oblik prerade kože se sastojao u dimljenju i podmazivanju <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Масти">masnoćom</a>. Iz ovih aktivnosti je razvijen <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Занат">zanat</a>, a zatim i industrijska grana - kožarstvo. Kožarstvo je napredovalo pronalaskom <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром">hromnog</a> štavljenja. Pojedini veštački materijali danas zamenjuju kožu, ali nemaju toliko dobre osobine kao prirodna koža. </p><p>Koža najčešće potiče od <a href="/wiki/Cattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle">goveda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep">ovaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Коза">koza</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Копитари">kopitara</a>, bivola, svinja i vodenih životinja kao što su foke i aligatori.<sup id="cite_ref-gillan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koža se može koristiti za izradu raznih predmeta, uključujući odeću, obuću, tašne, nameštaj, alate i sportsku opremu, i traje decenijama. Izrada kože se praktikuje više od 7.000 godina, a vodeći proizvođači kože danas su Kina i Indija.<sup id="cite_ref-gillan_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grupe za zaštitu prava životinja tvrde da moderna komercijalna proizvodnja kože i potrošnja njenih proizvoda neetički ubija životinje.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prema izveštaju o proceni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Life-cycle_assessment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life-cycle assessment (страница не постоји)">životnog ciklusa</a> (LCA) za Organizaciju Ujedinjenih nacija za industrijski razvoj, 99% sirove kože koja se koristi u proizvodnji kože potiče od životinja uzgajanih za proizvodnju mesa i/ili mleka.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kritičari <a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanning (leather)">kožara</a> tvrde da se bave neodrživim postupcima koji predstavljaju opasnost po zdravlje ljudi i okoline u njihovoj blizini.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faze obrade kože koriste hiljade litara vode za jedno krzno ili životinjsku kožu i oslobađaju toksični tečni otpad u <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Животна средина">životnu sredinu</a> koji može izazvati iscrpljivanje zemljišta i zdravstvene probleme vezane za ljudsku kožu, respiratorni sistem i još mnogo toga. Međutim, napravljen je napredak u količini i tretmanu vode koju koriste kožare da bi se smanjio uticaj.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proizvodni_procesi">Proizvodni procesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Proizvodni procesi”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Proizvodni procesi"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Ledertrocknung_in_Suai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ledertrocknung_in_Suai.jpg/220px-Ledertrocknung_in_Suai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ledertrocknung_in_Suai.jpg/330px-Ledertrocknung_in_Suai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ledertrocknung_in_Suai.jpg/440px-Ledertrocknung_in_Suai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Sušenje kože u <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">Istočnom Timoru</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Leather_tanning,_Fes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Leather_tanning%2C_Fes.jpg/220px-Leather_tanning%2C_Fes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Leather_tanning%2C_Fes.jpg/330px-Leather_tanning%2C_Fes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Leather_tanning%2C_Fes.jpg/440px-Leather_tanning%2C_Fes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Drevno štavljenje kože u <a href="/wiki/Fes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes">Fesu</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мароко">Maroko</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Tanned_leather.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tanned_leather.JPG/220px-Tanned_leather.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tanned_leather.JPG/330px-Tanned_leather.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tanned_leather.JPG/440px-Tanned_leather.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Štavljena koža u <a href="/wiki/Marrakech" class="mw-redirect" title="Marrakech">Marakešu</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Modern-day_tannery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Modern-day_tannery.jpg/220px-Modern-day_tannery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Modern-day_tannery.jpg/330px-Modern-day_tannery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Modern-day_tannery.jpg/440px-Modern-day_tannery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Moderna kožara u <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" class="mw-redirect" title="León, Guanajuato">Leonu</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мексико">Meksiko</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24414138"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Главни чланак: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Procesi_proizvodnje_ko%C5%BEe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procesi proizvodnje kože (страница не постоји)">Procesi proizvodnje kože</a></div> <p>Proces proizvodnje kože podeljen je na tri osnovna podprocesa: pripremne faze, štavljenje i stvaranje kore. Sledeći podproces, dorada, može se dodati u sekvencu procesa obrade kože, mada se ne primenjuje za sve vrste kože. </p><p>Pripremne faze su kada se koža priprema za štavljenje. Pripremne faze mogu uključivati namakanje, uklanjanje dlaka, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liming_(leather_processing)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liming (leather processing) (страница не постоји)">zakrečavanje</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deliming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deliming (страница не постоји)">otkrečavanje</a>, bačenje, <a href="/wiki/Bleaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleaching">beljenje</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pickling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pickling (страница не постоји)">kiseljenje</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanning (leather)">Štavljenje</a> je proces koji stabilizuje <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Протеин">proteine</a>, posebno <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Колаген">kolagen</a>, sirove kože kako bi se povećala termička, hemijska i mikrobiološka stabilnost kože, čineći je pogodnom za širok spektar krajnjih primena. Osnovna razlika između sirove i štavljene kože je u tome što se sirova koža isušuje i formira tvrd, nefleksibilan materijal koji će, kada se ponovo navlaži, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Putrefaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putrefaction (страница не постоји)">truliti</a>, dok se štavljeni materijal suši do fleksibilnog oblika koji ne podleže truljenju kada se ponovo navlaži. </p><p>Koža se može nauljiti da bi se poboljšala otpornost na vodu. Ovaj proces <a href="/w/index.php?title=Currying_(leather)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Currying (leather) (страница не постоји)">obrade</a> nakon štavljenja dopunjuje prirodna ulja koja ostaju u samoj koži, koja se mogu isprati ponovljenim izlaganjem vodi. Često nauljivanje kože uljem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mink_oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mink oil (страница не постоји)">nerca</a>, uljem za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neatsfoot_oil%C4%8Dista_stopala_(materijal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neatsfoot oilčista stopala (materijal) (страница не постоји)">neatsfoot oilčista stopala</a> ili sličnim materijalom održava kožu gipkom i dramatično produžava njen životni vek.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metode_štavljenja"><span id="Metode_.C5.A1tavljenja"></span>Metode štavljenja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Metode štavljenja”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Metode štavljenja"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Procesi štavljenja se u velikoj meri razlikuju po tome koje se hemikalije koriste u tečnosti za štavljenje. Neki uobičajeni tipovi uključuju: </p> <ul><li><b><span id="Biljno_štavljena_koža">Biljno štavljena koža</span></b> se štavi korišćenjem <a href="/wiki/Tannin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tannin">tanina</a> ekstrahovanih iz <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable matter">biljnih materija</a>, kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanbark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanbark (страница не постоји)">kora</a> drveta pripremljena u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bark_mill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bark mill (страница не постоји)">mlinovima</a> za koru. To je najstarija poznata metoda. Savitljiva je i svetlo braon boje, a tačna nijansa zavisi od mešavine materijala i boje kože. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_(color)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan (color) (страница не постоји)">Tamna boja</a> dobija ime po izgledu neobojene biljno štavljene kože. Biljno štavljena koža nije stabilna u vodi; ima tendenciju da promeni boju, a ako se ostavi da se potopi, a zatim osuši, skuplja se i postaje tvrđa, što je karakteristika kože koja se proizvodi biljnim štavljenjem koja se koristi u tradicionalnoj proizvodnji obuće. U <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boiled_leather&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boiled leather (страница не постоји)">vrućoj vodi</a> se drastično skuplja i delimično zgušnjava, postajući kruta i na kraju krhka. Kuvana koža je primer toga, gde je koža očvršćena potapanjem u ključalu vodu, ili u <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Восак">vosak</a> ili slične supstance. Istorijski gledano, povremeno je korišćena kao <a href="/wiki/Armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor">oklop</a> nakon očvršćavanja, a takođe je korišćena za <a href="/wiki/Book_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Book binding">povez knjiga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-methods_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-methods-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Hromom štavljena koža</b> se štavi pomoću <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(III)_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium (III) sulfate">hrom sulfata</a> i drugih <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром">hromovih</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt (chemistry)">soli</a>. Takođe je poznata kao „mokro plava” zbog bledo plave boje neobojene kože. Metoda tamnjenja hroma obično traje otprilike jedan dan, što ga čini najpogodnijim za industrijsku upotrebu velikih razmera. Ovo je najčešći metod u savremenoj upotrebi. Podatnija je i savitljivija od biljno štavljene kože i ne menja boju niti gubi oblik tako drastično u vodi kao biljno štavljena. Međutim, postoji zabrinutost za životnu sredinu sa ovom metodom štavljenja, pošto je hrom teški metal; dok je trovalentni hrom koji se koristi za štavljenje bezopasan, drugi nusproizvodi mogu sadržati toksične varijante. Metoda je razvijena u drugoj polovini 19. veka pošto su kožare želele da pronađu načine da ubrzaju proces i da kožu učine vodootpornijom.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-methods_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-methods-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Aldehidno štavljena koža</b> se štavljuje upotrebom <a href="/wiki/Glutaraldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutaraldehyde">glutaraldehidnih</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Oxazolidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxazolidine">oksazolidinskih</a> jedinjenja. Zbog svoje bledo krem boje naziva se „mokro belo”. To je glavna vrsta kože bez hroma, koja se često viđa u cipelama za bebe i automobilima. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Формалдехид">Formaldehid</a> se u prošlosti koristio za štavljenje; njegova upotreba je ukinuta zbog opasnosti po radnike i osetljivosti mnogih ljudi na formaldehid. <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamois_leather&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamois leather (страница не постоји)">Jelenska koža</a></b> je oblik aldehidnog štavljenja koji proizvodi poroznu kožu koja veoma upija vodu. Jelenska koža se pravi korišćenjem ulja (tradicionalno ulje bakalara)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> koje oksidira da bi proizvelo aldehide koji štave kožu.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hemijski_sastav">Hemijski sastav</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Hemijski sastav”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Hemijski sastav"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sirova koža u proseku ima sledeći hemijski sastav: 65% <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">voda</a>, 1% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Масти">masti</a>, 0,5% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Минерали">mineralnih materija</a>, a ostatak su <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Беланчевине">belančevine</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Колаген">kolagen</a>, keratin i <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Еластин">elastin</a>). Za industrijsku upotrebu su potrebne samo vlaknaste belančevine (kolagen i elastin), a keratin se odstranjuje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sirovine">Sirovine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уредите одељак „Sirovine”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: Sirovine"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osnovna sirovina u kožarstvu je koža domaćih životinja, (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Говедо">goveđa</a> i teleća), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Коњ">konjska</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Свиња">svinjska</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Овца">ovčija</a> koža. Osim toga, koristi se i koža nekih divljih životinja i gmizavaca, npr. koža: <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Змија">zmije</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Леопард">leoparda</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тигар">tigra</a>, antilope, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Крокодил">krokodila</a> i druge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidi_još"><span id="Vidi_jo.C5.A1"></span>Vidi još</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уредите одељак „Vidi još”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: Vidi još"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мешина">Mešina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уредите одељак „Reference”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди извор одељка: Reference"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gillan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gillan_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gillan_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gillan, Kevin; Murray, Jason (мај 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Comprehensive_Guide_to_Leather_Repair_an/SSOsDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0"><i>Comprehensive Guide to Leather Repair and Restoration: Leather Repair Training Manual</i></a>. Advanced Leather Solutions, Inc. стр. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">10. 6. 2021</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.au=Murray%2C+Jason&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.aulast=Gillan&rft.btitle=Comprehensive+Guide+to+Leather+Repair+and+Restoration%3A+Leather+Repair+Training+Manual&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Advanced+Leather+Solutions%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FComprehensive_Guide_to_Leather_Repair_an%2FSSOsDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/leather">„Leather”</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. 5. 3. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">10. 6. 2021</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Leather&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fleather&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kwasny, Melissa (17. 4. 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Putting_on_the_Dog/PfKADwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0"><i>Putting on the Dog: The Animal Origins of What We Wear</i></a>. The University Press. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9781595348654" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9781595348654">9781595348654</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">10. 6. 2021</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.aulast=Kwasny&rft.btitle=Putting+on+the+Dog%3A+The+Animal+Origins+of+What+We+Wear&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781595348654&rft.pub=The+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FPutting_on_the_Dog%2FPfKADwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Regan, Tom (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PUDXwO22eqgC"><i>Empty Cages: Facing the Challenge of Animal Rights</i></a> (на језику: енглески). Rowman & Littlefield. стр. 120. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9780742549937" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9780742549937">9780742549937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.au=Regan%2C+Tom&rft.btitle=Empty+Cages%3A+Facing+the+Challenge+of+Animal+Rights&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780742549937&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPUDXwO22eqgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Federico, Brugnoli (новембар 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411052558/https://open.unido.org/api/documents/4670852/download/life%20cycle%20assessment,%20carbon%20footprint%20in%20leather%20processing%20(review%20of%20methodologies%20and%20recommendations%20for%20harmonization)">„Life Cycle Assessment, Carbon Footprint in Leather Processing”</a>. <i>United Nations Industrial Development Organization</i>. UNIDO. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.unido.org/api/documents/4670852/download/life%20cycle%20assessment,%20carbon%20footprint%20in%20leather%20processing%20(review%20of%20methodologies%20and%20recommendations%20for%20harmonization)">оригинала</a> 11. 04. 2021. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">29. 10. 2022</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+Assessment%2C+Carbon+Footprint+in+Leather+Processing&rft.aufirst=Brugnoli&rft.aulast=Federico&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Industrial+Development+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.unido.org%2Fapi%2Fdocuments%2F4670852%2Fdownload%2Flife%2520cycle%2520assessment%2C%2520carbon%2520footprint%2520in%2520leather%2520processing%2520%28review%2520of%2520methodologies%2520and%2520recommendations%2520for%2520harmonization%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/animals-used-clothing-factsheets/leather-animals-abused-killed-skins/">„Leather: Animals Abused And Killed for Their Skins”</a>. <i>PETA</i>. 15. 12. 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">10. 6. 2021</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Leather%3A+Animals+Abused+And+Killed+for+Their+Skins&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PETA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peta.org%2Fissues%2Fanimals-used-for-clothing%2Fanimals-used-clothing-factsheets%2Fleather-animals-abused-killed-skins%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan (5. 8. 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Leather_and_Footwear_Sustainability/Qbb1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1"><i>Leather and Footwear Sustainability: Manufacturing, Supply Chain, and Product Level Issues</i></a>. Springer Singapore. стр. 1—10. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9789811562969" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9789811562969">9789811562969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=Subramanian+Senthilkannan&rft.aulast=Muthu&rft.btitle=Leather+and+Footwear+Sustainability%3A+Manufacturing%2C+Supply+Chain%2C+and+Product+Level+Issues&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789811562969&rft.pages=1-10&rft.pub=Springer+Singapore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FLeather_and_Footwear_Sustainability%2FQbb1DwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">NIIR Board of Consultants (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hbKkCwAAQBAJ&q=why+oil+leather&pg=PA324"><i>Leather Processing & Tanning Technology Handbook</i></a> (на језику: енглески). NIIR Project Consultancy Services. стр. 323. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9788190568593" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9788190568593">9788190568593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.au=NIIR+Board+of+Consultants&rft.btitle=Leather+Processing+%26+Tanning+Technology+Handbook&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788190568593&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=NIIR+Project+Consultancy+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhbKkCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwhy%2Boil%2Bleather%26pg%3DPA324&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Various (17. 9. 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Vegetable_Tanning_Process_A_Collecti/c_P_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=vegetable+tanned+leather&pg=PT52&printsec=frontcover"><i>The Vegetable Tanning Process - A Collection of Historical Articles on Leather Production</i></a>. Read Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9781528764384" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9781528764384">9781528764384</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">14. 6. 2021</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.au=Various&rft.btitle=The+Vegetable+Tanning+Process+-+A+Collection+of+Historical+Articles+on+Leather+Production&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781528764384&rft.pub=Read+Books+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Vegetable_Tanning_Process_A_Collecti%2Fc_P_DwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dvegetable%2Btanned%2Bleather%26pg%3DPT52%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-methods-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-methods_10-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-methods_10-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/tanning">„Tanning--leather manufacturing”</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">14. 6. 2020</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Tanning--leather+manufacturing&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Ftanning&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mengistie, E; Smets, I; Van Gerven, T (септембар 2016). „Ultrasound assisted chrome tanning: Towards a clean leather production technology.”. <i>Ultrasonics Sonochemistry</i>. <b>32</b>: 204—212. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27150762">27150762</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ultsonch.2016.03.002">10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.03.002</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Ultrasound+assisted+chrome+tanning%3A+Towards+a+clean+leather+production+technology.&rft.au=Smets%2C+I&rft.au=Van+Gerven%2C+T&rft.aufirst=E&rft.aulast=Mengistie&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ultrasonics+Sonochemistry&rft.pages=204-212&rft.volume=32&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ultsonch.2016.03.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27150762&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sahu, Bindia; Jayakumar, Gladstone Christopher; Alla, Jaya Prakash (2022-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652622013683">„Recent trends in oil tanning and its applications - A way forward towards cleaner approach in chamois leather making”</a>. <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i> (на језику: енглески). <b>356</b>: 131755. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_serijski_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni serijski broj">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0959-6526">0959-6526</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2022.131755">10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Recent+trends+in+oil+tanning+and+its+applications+-+A+way+forward+towards+cleaner+approach+in+chamois+leather+making&rft.au=Alla%2C+Jaya+Prakash&rft.au=Jayakumar%2C+Gladstone+Christopher&rft.aufirst=Bindia&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0959-6526&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cleaner+Production&rft.pages=131755&rft.volume=356&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0959652622013683&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2022.131755&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Уредите одељак „Literatura”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&action=edit&section=7" title="Уреди извор одељка: Literatura"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440192">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Beeby, K.J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harmatan.co.uk/about/wonderful_story_of_leather.pdf"><i>The Wonderful Story of Leather</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. UK: Harmatan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.au=Beeby%2C+K.J.&rft.btitle=The+Wonderful+Story+of+Leather&rft.genre=book&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Harmatan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harmatan.co.uk%2Fabout%2Fwonderful_story_of_leather.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Lefroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Lefroy (страница не постоји)">Lefroy, George Alfred</a> (1884). <i><a href="https://sr.wikisource.org/wiki/The_leather-workers_of_Daryaganj" class="extiw" title="s:The leather-workers of Daryaganj">The leather-workers of Daryaganj</a></i>. Delhi: Cambridge Mission to Delhi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=George+Alfred&rft.aulast=Lefroy&rft.btitle=The+leather-workers+of+Daryaganj&rft.date=1884&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Cambridge+Mission+to+Delhi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harmatan.co.uk/about/leathers_for_bookbinding.pdf"><i>Leathers for Bookbinding and Upholstery</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. UK: Harmatan. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.btitle=Leathers+for+Bookbinding+and+Upholstery&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Harmatan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harmatan.co.uk%2Fabout%2Fleathers_for_bookbinding.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harmatan.co.uk/about/leather_for_libraries.pdf"><i>Leather for Libraries</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. UK: Harmatan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.btitle=Leather+for+Libraries&rft.genre=book&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Harmatan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harmatan.co.uk%2Fabout%2Fleather_for_libraries.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Parsons, F. G. (1911). „<a href="https://sr.wikisource.org/wiki/en:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Leather" class="extiw" title="s:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Leather">Leather</a>”. <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(11._%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5)" class="mw-redirect" title="Енциклопедија Британика (11. издање)">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (на језику: енглески). <b>16</b> (11 изд.). стр. 330—345.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Leather&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.btitle=-%7BEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%7D-&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=11&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=330-345&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (includes several diagrams)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sharphotuse, J.H. (1983). <i>Leather Technician's Handbook</i>. Leather Producer's Association. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-9502285-1-6" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-9502285-1-6">0-9502285-1-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rft.aulast=Sharphotuse&rft.btitle=Leather+Technician%27s+Handbook&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-9502285-1-6&rft.pub=Leather+Producer%27s+Association&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Leafe, M.K. „Leather Technologist's Pocket Book”. Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Leather+Technologist%27s+Pocket+Book&rft.aufirst=M.K.&rft.aulast=Leafe&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Heidemann, E. (1993). <i>Fundamentals of Leather Manufacture</i>. Eduard Roether KG. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/3-7929-0206-0" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/3-7929-0206-0">3-7929-0206-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.aulast=Heidemann&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Leather+Manufacture&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-7929-0206-0&rft.pub=Eduard+Roether+KG&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bienkiewiecz, K. (1983). <i>Physical Chemistry of Leather Making</i>. Robert E. Krieger. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-89874-304-4" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-89874-304-4">0-89874-304-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.aulast=Bienkiewiecz&rft.btitle=Physical+Chemistry+of+Leather+Making&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-89874-304-4&rft.pub=Robert+E.+Krieger&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sharphouse, J.H. (1983). <i>Leather Technician's Handbook</i>. Leather Producer's Association. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-9502285-1-6" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-9502285-1-6">0-9502285-1-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rft.aulast=Sharphouse&rft.btitle=Leather+Technician%27s+Handbook&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-9502285-1-6&rft.pub=Leather+Producer%27s+Association&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Heidemann, E. (1993). <i>Fundamentals of Leather Manufacture</i>. Eduard Roether KG. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/3-7929-0206-0" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/3-7929-0206-0">3-7929-0206-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.aulast=Heidemann&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Leather+Manufacture&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-7929-0206-0&rft.pub=Eduard+Roether+KG&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miga.org/documents/TanningandLeatherFinishing.pdf">„Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook - Environmental Guidelines for Tanning and Leather Finishing”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, World Bank Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.btitle=Pollution+Prevention+and+Abatement+Handbook+-+Environmental+Guidelines+for+Tanning+and+Leather+Finishing&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Multilateral+Investment+Guarantee+Agency%2C+World+Bank+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miga.org%2Fdocuments%2FTanningandLeatherFinishing.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090711005347/http://www.elaw.org/system/files/L_scope.pdf">„The scope for decreasing pollution load in leather processing (US/RAS/92/120/11-51)”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Industrial Development Organization - Regional Programme for Pollution Control in the Tanning Industry in South-East Asia. 2000-08-09. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elaw.org/system/files/L_scope.pdf">оригинала</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 2009-07-11. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.btitle=The+scope+for+decreasing+pollution+load+in+leather+processing+%28US%2FRAS%2F92%2F120%2F11-51%29&rft.date=2000-08-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+Nations+Industrial+Development+Organization+-+Regional+Programme+for+Pollution+Control+in+the+Tanning+Industry+in+South-East+Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elaw.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2FL_scope.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025174458/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-11/kanpur/28210000_1_tanneries-pollution-control-board-hc">„How much time needed to check tanneries' waste”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 2009-07-11. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-11/kanpur/28210000_1_tanneries-pollution-control-board-hc">оригинала</a> 2012-10-25. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=How+much+time+needed+to+check+tanneries%27+waste&rft.date=2009-07-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2009-07-11%2Fkanpur%2F28210000_1_tanneries-pollution-control-board-hc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030822012606/http://www.cleanganga.com/articles/june03/chromium.php">„Kanpur: chromium disaster”</a>. Clean Ganga - Campaign for a cleaner Ganga. јун 2003. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleanganga.com/articles/june03/chromium.php">оригинала</a> 2003-08-22. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.btitle=Kanpur%3A+chromium+disaster&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Clean+Ganga+-+Campaign+for+a+cleaner+Ganga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleanganga.com%2Farticles%2Fjune03%2Fchromium.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100119162932/http://archive.rec.org/ecolinks/bestpractices/PDF/croatia_hdko.pdf">„Introduction of Low Pollution Processes in Leather Production”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. EcoLinks. 2001. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.rec.org/ecolinks/bestpractices/PDF/croatia_hdko.pdf">оригинала</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 2010-01-19. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.btitle=Introduction+of+Low+Pollution+Processes+in+Leather+Production&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=EcoLinks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rec.org%2Fecolinks%2Fbestpractices%2FPDF%2Fcroatia_hdko.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200911050279.html">„Uganda: leather factory faces closure over pollution”</a>. The Monitor. 2009-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.btitle=Uganda%3A+leather+factory+faces+closure+over+pollution&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F200911050279.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Thanikaivelan, Palanisamy; Rao, Jonnalagadda R.; Nair, Balachandran U.; Ramasami, Thirumalachari (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779904000551">„Progress and recent trends in biotechnological methods for leather processing”</a>. <i>Trends in Biotechnology</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 181—188. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038923">15038923</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tibtech.2004.02.008">10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.02.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Progress+and+recent+trends+in+biotechnological+methods+for+leather+processing&rft.au=Nair%2C+Balachandran+U.&rft.au=Ramasami%2C+Thirumalachari&rft.au=Rao%2C+Jonnalagadda+R.&rft.aufirst=Palanisamy&rft.aulast=Thanikaivelan&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.pages=181-188&rft.volume=22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0167779904000551&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tibtech.2004.02.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15038923&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Thanikaivelan, Palanisamy; Rao, Jonnalagadda Raghava; Nair, Balachandran Unni; Ramasami, Thirumalachari (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es025618i">„Zero Discharge Tanning: A Shift from Chemical to Biocatalytic Leather Processing”</a>. <i>Environ. 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Technol</i>. <b>36</b> (19): 4187—4194. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12380094">12380094</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fes025618i">10.1021/es025618i</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Zero+Discharge+Tanning%3A+A+Shift+from+Chemical+to+Biocatalytic+Leather+Processing&rft.au=Nair%2C+Balachandran+Unni&rft.au=Ramasami%2C+Thirumalachari&rft.au=Rao%2C+Jonnalagadda+Raghava&rft.aufirst=Palanisamy&rft.aulast=Thanikaivelan&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=19&rft.jtitle=Environ.+Sci.+Technol.&rft.pages=4187-4194&rft.volume=36&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1021%2Fes025618i&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fes025618i&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12380094&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/058455375/publication/WO2017158617A1?q=pn=WO2017158617A1">„CHROME TANNING PROCESS”</a>. <i>Espacenet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=CHROME+TANNING+PROCESS&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Espacenet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldwide.espacenet.com%2Fpatent%2Fsearch%2Ffamily%2F058455375%2Fpublication%2FWO2017158617A1%3Fq%3Dpn%3DWO2017158617A1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Saleem, Rashid; Adnan, Ahmad; Hanif, Muhammad; Saleem, Muhammad; Lee, Ki-Hwan; Qureshi, Fahim Ashraf (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13726-013-0201-z">„Synthesis and application of sulfonated adipic dihydrazide formaldehyde-based resins under different molar ratios as effective leather re-tanning agents”</a>. <i>Iranian Polymer Journal</i>. <b>23</b>: 69—78. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:96766253">96766253</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13726-013-0201-z">10.1007/s13726-013-0201-z</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+application+of+sulfonated+adipic+dihydrazide+formaldehyde-based+resins+under+different+molar+ratios+as+effective+leather+re-tanning+agents&rft.au=Adnan%2C+Ahmad&rft.au=Hanif%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ki-Hwan&rft.au=Qureshi%2C+Fahim+Ashraf&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rft.aulast=Saleem&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Polymer+Journal&rft.pages=69-78&rft.volume=23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A96766253&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs13726-013-0201-z&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13726-013-0201-z&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Yang, Zhihui; Zang, Hu; Wu, Guangfeng (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10965-019-1884-4">„Study of solvent-free sulfonated waterborne polyurethane as an advanced leather finishing material”</a>. <i>Journal of Polymer Research</i>. <b>26</b> (9): 213. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199551441">199551441</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10965-019-1884-4">10.1007/s10965-019-1884-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%BEa+%28materijal%29&rft.atitle=Study+of+solvent-free+sulfonated+waterborne+polyurethane+as+an+advanced+leather+finishing+material&rft.au=Wu%2C+Guangfeng&rft.au=Zang%2C+Hu&rft.aufirst=Zhihui&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymer+Research&rft.pages=213&rft.volume=26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A199551441&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10965-019-1884-4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10965-019-1884-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spoljašnje_veze"><span id="Spolja.C5.A1nje_veze"></span>Spoljašnje veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%BEa_(materijal)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Уредите 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