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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Philosophical and ideological influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophical_and_ideological_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collective_memory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collective_memory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Collective memory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collective_memory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authenticity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authenticity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Authenticity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authenticity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_houses_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_houses_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historic houses in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_houses_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domovn%C3%AD_muzeum" title="Domovní muzeum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Domovní muzeum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majamuuseum" title="Majamuuseum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Majamuuseum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_museo" title="Casa museo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Casa museo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo-etxe" title="Museo-etxe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Museo-etxe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87" title="خانه‌موزه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانه‌موزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_museo" title="Casa museo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casa museo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6-%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Տուն-թանգարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուն-թանգարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_museo" title="Casa museo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Casa museo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu-casa" title="Museu-casa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Museu-casa" data-language-autonym="Português" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">House that has been transformed into a museum</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fallingwater3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fallingwater3.jpg/330px-Fallingwater3.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fallingwater3.jpg/495px-Fallingwater3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fallingwater3.jpg/660px-Fallingwater3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> is a historic house museum in Pennsylvania visited for its 1935 design by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>historic house museum</b> is a <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a> of historic significance that is preserved as a <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a>. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Museums" title="International Council of Museums">International Council of Museums</a>. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into <a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_home_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Writer's home museum">writer's home museums</a> to support <a href="/wiki/Literary_tourism" title="Literary tourism">literary tourism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About">About</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: About"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg/170px-AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg/255px-AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg/340px-AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="3936" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank_House" title="Anne Frank House">Anne Frank House</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Historic house museums are sometimes known as a "memory museum", which is a term used to suggest that the museum contains a collection of the traces of memory of the people who once lived there. It is often made up of the inhabitants' belongings and objects – this approach is mostly concerned with <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">authenticity</a>. Some museums are organised around the person who lived there or the social role the house had. Other historic house museums may be partially or completely reconstructed in order to tell the story of a particular area, social-class or historical period. The "<a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a>" of the people who lived there guides this approach, and dictates the manner in which it is completed. Another alternative approach, deployed by nonprofit organization <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.house.museum/">House Museum</a>, includes contemporary art integration, where artists are invited to respond to the physical and conceptual history of a site, thus injecting contemporary perspectives and value into historic places.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In each kind of museum, visitors learn about the previous inhabitants through an explanation and exploration of <a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">social history</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_and_ideological_influences">Philosophical and ideological influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philosophical and ideological influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_Anna_Akhmatova_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mus%C3%A9e_Anna_Akhmatova_%282%29.JPG/220px-Mus%C3%A9e_Anna_Akhmatova_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mus%C3%A9e_Anna_Akhmatova_%282%29.JPG/330px-Mus%C3%A9e_Anna_Akhmatova_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mus%C3%A9e_Anna_Akhmatova_%282%29.JPG/440px-Mus%C3%A9e_Anna_Akhmatova_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4472" data-file-height="3258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova_Literary_and_Memorial_Museum" title="Anna Akhmatova Literary and Memorial Museum">Apartment-Museum of Anna Akhmatova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The idea of a historic house museum derives from a branch of history called social history that is solely based on people and their way of living.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became very popular in the mid-twentieth century among scholars who were interested in the history of people, as opposed to political and economical issues. Social history remains an influential branch of history. Philip J. Ethington, a professor of history and political science, further adds to social history and its relationship to locations by saying – </p> <dl><dd>"All human action takes and makes place. The past is the set of places made by human action. History is a map of these places."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Following this historical movement, the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Open-air_museum" title="Open-air museum">open-air museums</a>" became prominent.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These particular types of museums had interpreters in costume re-enact the lives of communities in earlier eras, which would then be performed to modern audiences. They often occupied large wooden architecture buildings or outdoor sites and landscapes, that were true to the era, adding to authenticity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collective_memory">Collective memory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Collective memory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_view_of_the_Duke%27s_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Interior_view_of_the_Duke%27s_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg/220px-Interior_view_of_the_Duke%27s_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Interior_view_of_the_Duke%27s_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg/330px-Interior_view_of_the_Duke%27s_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Interior_view_of_the_Duke%27s_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg/440px-Interior_view_of_the_Duke%27s_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Interior view of <a href="/wiki/The_Duke%27s_Diwan" title="The Duke's Diwan">The Duke's Diwan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Amman" title="Downtown Amman">downtown Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Collective_memory" title="Collective memory">Collective memory</a> is sometimes used in the resurrection of historic house museums; however, not all historic house museums use this approach. The notion of collective memory originated from philosopher and sociologist <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Halbwachs" title="Maurice Halbwachs">Maurice Halbwachs</a>, in "La Memoire Collective" ("On Collective Memory", 1950). This extended thesis examines the role of people and place, and how collective memory is not only associated with the individual but is a shared experience. It also focused on the way individual memory is influenced by social structures, as a way of continuing socialisation by producing memory as collective experience. </p> <dl><dd>"Each aspect, each detail, of this place has a meaning intelligent only to members of the group, for each portion of its space corresponds to various and different aspects of the structure and life of their society, at least of what is stable in it."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>An example of a site that utilizes collective memory is the <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial_Park" title="Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park">Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park</a> in Japan. It was restored and is based on the dialectics of memory, however it also has the inclusion of joyous festivals to mask the turmoil. The <i>Hiroshima Traces</i> (1999) text takes a look at the importance of collective memory and how it is embedded in culture and place. Thus, collective memory does not only reside in a house or building, but it also resonates in outdoor space – particularly when a monumental event has occurred, such as war. </p> <dl><dd>"The taming of memory that can be observed in the city's redevelopment projects reveals local mediations and manifestations of transnational as well as national structural forces."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Problematic creation of collective memory occurs within historic house museums when the narrative of non-family members is dismissed, ignored, or completely rejected. Within the Southern United States, plantation museums (the former homes of enslavers) constitute a significant portion of the museum community and contribute to the racialized collective memory of the United States. Because museums are responsible for "the building of identity, cultural memory and community",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> neglecting to include the narrative of all people who lived there is dangerous. While some plantation museum narratives have changed following an outcry from the public and the academy, "plantation museums reflect, create, and contribute to racialized ways of understanding and organizing the world"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by limiting or eliminating the narrative of the enslaved inhabitants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authenticity">Authenticity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Authenticity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A degree of authenticity is also to be considered in the restoration and creation of a historic house museum. The space must be authentic in terms of truly replicating and representing the way it once stood in its original form and appear to be untouched and left in time. There are three steps when declaring if a space is authentic:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Proof of identity must be presented and certified by a credible individual</li> <li>The attributes of the object or person must then be compared to the existing knowledge about it</li> <li>Documentation and credentials must then be used to support it and thus declare if it is authentic.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_houses_in_the_United_States">Historic houses in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historic houses in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg/220px-Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg/330px-Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg/440px-Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_House" title="Susan B. Anthony House">Susan B. Anthony House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest projects for preserving historic homes began in the 1850s under the direction of individuals concerned with the public good and the preservation of American history, especially centered on the first U.S. president, General George Washington. Since the establishment of the country's first historic site in 1850, <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Washington's Revolutionary headquarters</a> in New York, Americans have found a penchant for preserving similar historical structures. The establishment of historic house museums increased in popularity through the 1970s and 1980s, as the Revolutionary War's bicentennial set off a wave of patriotism and alerted Americans to the destruction of their physical heritage. The tradition of restoring homes of the past and designating them as museums draws on the English custom of preserving ancient buildings and monuments. Initially homes were considered worthy of saving because of their associations with important individuals, usually of the elite classes, like former presidents, authors, or businessmen. Increasingly, Americans have fought to preserve structures characteristic of a more typical American past that represents the lives of everyday people.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historic house museums usually operate with small staffs and on limited budgets. Many are run entirely by volunteers and often do not meet the professional standards established by the museum industry. An independent survey conducted by Peggy Coats in 1990 revealed that sixty-five percent of historic house museums did not have a full-time staff, and 19 to 27 percent of historic homes employed only one full-time employee. Furthermore, the majority of these museums operated on less than $50,000 annually. The survey also revealed a significant disparity in the number of visitors between local house museums and national sites. While museums like <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg" title="Colonial Williamsburg">Colonial Williamsburg</a> were visited by over one million tourists a year, more than fifty percent of historic house museums received fewer than 5,000 visitors per year.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These museums are also unique in that the actual structure belongs to the museum collection as a historical object. While some historic home museums are fortunate to possess a collection containing many of the original furnishings once present in the home, many face the challenge of displaying a collection consistent with the historical structure. Some museums choose to collect pieces original to the period, while not original to the house. Others, fill the home with replicas of the original pieces, reconstructed with the help of historic records. Still other museums adopt a more aesthetic approach and use the homes to display the architecture and artistic objects.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because historic homes have often existed through different generations and have been passed on from one family to another, volunteers and professionals also must decide which historical narrative to tell their visitors. Some museums grapple with this issue by displaying different eras in the home's history within different rooms or sections of the structure. Others choose one particular narrative, usually the one deemed most historically significant, and restore the home to that particular period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg/220px-Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg/330px-Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg/440px-Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Mao_Zedong" title="Former Residence of Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong's Former Residence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiangtan,_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangtan, China">Xiangtan, China</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are a number of organizations around the world that dedicate themselves to the preservation, restoration, or promotion of historic house museums. They include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayton_Historical_Depot_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dayton Historical Depot Society (page does not exist)">Dayton Historical Depot Society</a>, Dayton, WA, USA<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_House_Trust" title="Historic House Trust">Historic House Trust</a>, New York City<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Houses_Association" title="Historic Houses Association">Historic Houses Association</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Houses_Trust_of_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales">Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales</a>, Sydney</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Hudson_Valley" title="Historic Hudson Valley">Historic Hudson Valley</a>, Tarrytown, NY</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_New_England" title="Historic New England">Historic New England</a>, Boston, MA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.house.museum/">House Museum</a>, Los Angeles, CA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_the_Colonial_Dames_of_America" title="National Society of the Colonial Dames of America">National Society of the Colonial Dames of America</a>, Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Historic_Preservation" title="National Trust for Historic Preservation">National Trust for Historic Preservation</a>, Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_of_Australia" title="National Trust of Australia">National Trusts of Australia</a>, Canberra<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_Heritage_Organisation" title="Save Our Heritage Organisation">Save Our Heritage Organisation</a>, San Diego, CA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Houses_of_England" title="Treasure Houses of England">Treasure Houses of England</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Artist_Studio_Museum_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Artist Studio Museum Network (page does not exist)">The Artist Studio Museum Network</a>, UK</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStromberg2024" class="citation news cs1">Stromberg, Matt (July 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240803195416/https://hyperallergic.com/935737/contemporary-artists-breathe-new-life-into-a-historic-california-john-rowland-mansion/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Contemporary Artists Breathe New Life Into a Historic California Mansion"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hyperallergic</i>. Archived from the original on August 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hyperallergic&rft.atitle=%22Contemporary+Artists+Breathe+New+Life+Into+a+Historic+California+Mansion%22&rft.date=2024-07-22&rft.aulast=Stromberg&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhyperallergic.com%2F935737%2Fcontemporary-artists-breathe-new-life-into-a-historic-california-john-rowland-mansion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Social Memory Studies: From "Collective Memory" to Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices, Author(s): Jeffrey K. Olick and Joyce Robbins Source: <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Sociology" title="Annual Review of Sociology">Annual Review of Sociology</a></i>, Vol. 24 (1998), pp. 105-140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip J. Ethington (2007): Placing the past: 'Groundwork' for a spatial theory of history, <i>Rethinking History</i>, 11:4, 465-493</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">'Open-Air Museums: Architectural History for the Masses Author(s): Edward A. Chappell Source: </span></b></i><b><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Society_of_Architectural_Historians" title="Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians">Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</a></b>, Vol. 58, No. 3, <a href="/wiki/Architectural_History_(journal)" title="Architectural History (journal)"><i>Architectural History</i></a> 1999/2000 (Sep., 1999), pp. 334-341 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Collective Memory</i> 1950, Chapter 4 "Space and the Collective Memory"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hiroshima Traces – Time, Space, and the Dialectics of Memory</i>, Lisa Yoneyama, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a> 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Representations of Slavery: Race and Ideology in Southern Plantation Museums, Jennifer Eichstedt and Stephen Small, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Press">Smithsonian Press</a> 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Representations of Slavery: Race and Ideology in Southern Plantation Museums, Jennifer Eichstedt and Stephen Small, Smithsonian Press 2002, pp. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"An Introduction to Authenticity in Preservation", Pamela Jerome, <i><a href="/wiki/APT_Bulletin" title="APT Bulletin">APT Bulletin</a></i>, Vol. 39, No. 2/3 (2008), pp. 3-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcher-Younghans1993" class="citation book cs1">Butcher-Younghans, Sherry (1993). <i>Historic House Museums: A Practical Handbook for Their Care, Preservation, and Management</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. i, 1, 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+House+Museums%3A+A+Practical+Handbook+for+Their+Care%2C+Preservation%2C+and+Management&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=i%2C+1%2C+5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Butcher-Younghans&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoats1990" class="citation journal cs1">Coats, Peggy (1990). "Survey of Historic House Museums". <i>History News</i>. <b>45</b> (1): 26–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+News&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Historic+House+Museums&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26-28&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Coats&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hobbs, Stuart D. (Summer 2001). "Exhibiting Antimodernism: History, Memory, and the Aestheticized Past in Mid-twentieth century America". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_Historian" title="The Public Historian">The Public Historian</a></i>. <b>23</b> (3): 39–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Ftph.2001.23.3.39">10.1525/tph.2001.23.3.39</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Public+Historian&rft.atitle=Exhibiting+Antimodernism%3A+History%2C+Memory%2C+and+the+Aestheticized+Past+in+Mid-twentieth+century+America&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=39-61&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Ftph.2001.23.3.39&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Stuart+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daytonhistoricdepot.org/museums/the-boldman-house-museum/">"The Dayton Historical Depot Society"</a>. <i>daytonhistoricdepot.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=daytonhistoricdepot.org&rft.atitle=The+Dayton+Historical+Depot+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daytonhistoricdepot.org%2Fmuseums%2Fthe-boldman-house-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historichousetrust.org">"Historic Houses Trust of New York"</a>. <i>historichousetrust.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historichousetrust.org&rft.atitle=Historic+Houses+Trust+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorichousetrust.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.NSCDA.org/">"The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America"</a>. <i>NSCDA.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NSCDA.org&rft.atitle=The+National+Society+of+The+Colonial+Dames+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.NSCDA.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaltrust.org.au/">"National Trust"</a>. <i>nationaltrust.org.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationaltrust.org.au&rft.atitle=National+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaltrust.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoric+house+museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Historic_house_museums" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Historic house museums">Historic house museums</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000122975">Introduction to the historic house museums</a> – UNESCO.org</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&oldid=1247159980">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historic_house_museum&oldid=1247159980</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_preservation" title="Category:Historic preservation">Historic preservation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_house_museums" title="Category:Historic house museums">Historic house museums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_museums" title="Category:Types of museums">Types of museums</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 September 2024, at 02:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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