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Pagtaram - Wikipedia
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Magbali sa urulay kun pano \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Rambong\" title=\"Wikipedia:Rambong\"\u003Emapaparambong\u003C/a\u003E an \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:1,000_core_topics/Lista\" title=\"Wikipedia:1,000 core topics/Lista\"\u003Emga artikulo yaon sa lista\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/big\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ebolusyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ebolusyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ebolusyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ebolusyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toltolan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toltolan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Toltolan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toltolan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pagtaram</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 mga lenggwahe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraak" title="Spraak - Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spraak" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parla_(ling%C3%BCistica)" title="Parla (lingüistica) - Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Parla (lingüistica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84)" title="حديث (تواصل) - Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حديث (تواصل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="كلام - Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitq" title="Nitq - Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nitq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Маўленне - Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маўленне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87" title="Реч - Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Реч" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govor" title="Govor - Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Govor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parla" title="Parla - Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%95" title="قسە - Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قسە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98e%C4%8D" title="Řeč - Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řeč" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%AB%D1%83" title="Калаҫу - Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калаҫу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprechen" title="Sprechen - German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprechen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ομιλία - Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομιλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech" title="Speech - English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Speech" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parolo" title="Parolo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habla" title="Habla - Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Habla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5ne" title="Kõne - Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõne" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizketa" title="Hizketa - Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="گفتار - Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گفتار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puhe" title="Puhe - Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puhe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosa_(voqanivosa)" title="Vosa (voqanivosa) - Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vosa (voqanivosa)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole" title="Parole - French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B1%E4%BA%8B" title="話事 - Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="話事" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falar" title="Falar - Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Falar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glare" title="Glare - Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Glare" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8" title="דיבור - Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיבור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोलना - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोलना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govor" title="Govor - Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Govor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale" title="Pale - Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pale" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besz%C3%A9d" title="Beszéd - Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Beszéd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D6%84" title="Խոսք - Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խոսք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicara" title="Wicara - Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wicara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BB" title="Къамаьл - Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Къамаьл" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parolado" title="Parolado - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Parolado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal" title="Tal - Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tal" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E5%A3%B0" title="音声 - Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音声" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunem" title="Gunem - Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gunem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მეტყველება - Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეტყველება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%A9%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Сөйлеу - Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сөйлеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಮಾತು - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0" title="말하기 - Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말하기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyiv%C3%AEn" title="Peyivîn - Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Peyivîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rujen%C3%A9" title="Rujené - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Rujené" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa" title="Runa - Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Runa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Говор - Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Говор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Яриа - Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Яриа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C4%A7dit" title="Taħdit - Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Taħdit" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraak" title="Spraak - Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spraak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tale" title="Tale - Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tale" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tale" title="Tale - Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tale" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraula" title="Paraula - Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paraula" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Ныхас - Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ныхас" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowa_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Mowa (językoznawstwo) - Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mowa (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1)" title="وینا (تقرير) - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وینا (تقرير)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fala" title="Fala - Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fala" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbire" title="Vorbire - Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vorbire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C" title="Речь - Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Речь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱨᱚᱲ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palora_(facurtati)" title="Palora (facurtati) - Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Palora (facurtati)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speak" title="Speak - Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Speak" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govor" title="Govor - Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Govor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech" title="Speech - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Speech" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%8D" title="Reč - Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reč" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadal" title="Hadal - Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hadal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligj%C3%ABrimi" title="Ligjërimi - Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ligjërimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Говор - Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Говор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biantara" title="Biantara - Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biantara" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Tal (språk) - Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tal (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பேச்சு - Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேச்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82" title="ప్రసంగం - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రసంగం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Гуфтор - Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гуфтор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94" title="การพูด - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การพูด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasalita" title="Pagsasalita - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsasalita" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konu%C5%9Fma" title="Konuşma - Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Konuşma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Мовлення - Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мовлення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تقریر - Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تقریر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutq" title="Nutq - Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nutq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3i_chuy%E1%BB%87n" title="Nói chuyện - Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nói chuyện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B2%E8%A8%80%E8%AF%AD" title="讲言语 - Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="讲言语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intetho" title="Intetho - Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Intetho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%9F" title="רעדן - Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעדן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E8%A9%B1" title="說話 - Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="說話" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-%C5%8De" title="Kóng-ōe - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kóng-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AC%9B%E5%98%A2" title="講嘢 - Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="講嘢" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52946#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Liwaton an mga interlengwaheng takod" class="wbc-editpage">Baguhon an mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ngaran-espasyo"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagtaram" title="Tanawon an laog nin pahina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pahina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olay:Pagtaram&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Urulayan dapit sa laog kan pahina (mayong arog kaining pahina) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Urulay</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesyal:WhatLinksHere/Pagtaram" title="Sarong listahan kan gabos na mga pahina nin wiki na nakasugpon digdi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ano an nakatukdo digdi</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesyal:RecentChangesLinked/Pagtaram" rel="nofollow" title="Dae pa sana nahahaloy na mga kaliwatan sa mga pahina na nakasugpon gikan sa pahinang ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Katakod na mga pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=bcl" title="Ikarga an mga sagunson [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload nin file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesyal:SpecialPages" title="Sarong listahan kan gabos na mga espesyal na pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Espesyal na mga pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaram&oldid=265929" title="Permanenteng sugpon kaining rebisyon kan pahina"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaram&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon kan pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesyal:Sambit%C3%B3n&page=Pagtaram&id=265929&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon kun paanuhon na sambiton an pahinang ini"><span>I-cite an pahinang ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesyal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbcl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPagtaram"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesyal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbcl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPagtaram"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/i-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesyal:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pagtaram"><span>Magmukna nin sarong libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesyal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pagtaram&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaram&printable=yes" title="Maimprentahong bersyon kan pahinang ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyon na mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Speech" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52946" title="Takod sa konektadong bagay sa repositoryo nin datus [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Gikan sa Bikol Sentral na Wikipedia, an talingkas na ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bcl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ladawan:Dr._Jean_Moule_(10313849243).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Dr._Jean_Moule_%2810313849243%29.jpg/220px-Dr._Jean_Moule_%2810313849243%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Dr._Jean_Moule_%2810313849243%29.jpg/330px-Dr._Jean_Moule_%2810313849243%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Dr._Jean_Moule_%2810313849243%29.jpg/440px-Dr._Jean_Moule_%2810313849243%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1529" /></a><figcaption>Pagtaram</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>pagtaram</b> iyo an sarong <a href="/wiki/Tingog" title="Tingog">naka-tingog</a> na porma nin <a href="/wiki/Komunikasyon" title="Komunikasyon">komunikasyon</a> nin tawo. Piggagamit sa parati an pagtaram sa aro-aldaw na pamumuhay. Huli sa pagtaram natatawan nin mga posibilidad an mga pangyayari o an mga mawot na ipasabot o ipahayag sa iba. Nakakatabang man ini sa paagi kan pakikipag-ugnayan sa kapwa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ebolusyon">Ebolusyon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaram&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Liwaton an seksyon: Ebolusyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhon</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ebolusyon"><span>baguhon an source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minsan ngani may kinaaraman sa urog na pangkagabsan na problema kan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginikanan_kan_tataramon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginikanan kan tataramon (mayong arog kaining pahina)">ginikanan kan tataramon</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebolusyon (mayong arog kaining pahina)">ebolusyon</a> kan daing-siring na kakayahan sa pagtaram nin tawo nagin nalalaen asin sa dakol na paagi na suhay na rona kan siyentipikong pagsaligsig.<sup id="cite_ref-Hockett_1960_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hockett_1960-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Corballis_2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corballis_2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lieberman_1984_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lieberman_1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lieberman,_P_2000_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lieberman,_P_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abry_Boë_1998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abry_Boë_1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An tema sarong suhay na tema huli ta an sarong tataramon dai kinakaipuhan na itaram: pwede iyan na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakasurat_na_tataramon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakasurat na tataramon (mayong arog kaining pahina)">isurat</a> o <a href="/wiki/Palba" title="Palba">isenyas</a>. An pagtaram sa sentidong ini sarong opsyonal, minsan ngani iyo iyan an default modality para sa tataramon. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ladawan:Places_of_articulation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Places_of_articulation.svg/220px-Places_of_articulation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Places_of_articulation.svg/330px-Places_of_articulation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Places_of_articulation.svg/440px-Places_of_articulation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Mga lugar nin artikulasyon (passive asin active):<br />1. Exo-labial, 2. Endo-labial, 3. Dental, 4. Alveolar, 5. Post-alveolar, 6. Pre-palatal, 7. Palatal, 8. Velar, 9. Uvular, 10. Pharyngeal, 11. Glottal, 12. Epiglottal, 13. Radical, 14. Postero-dorsal, 15. Antero-dorsal, 16. Laminal, 17. Apical, 18. Sub-apical</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toltolan">Toltolan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaram&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Liwaton an seksyon: Toltolan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhon</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtaram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Toltolan"><span>baguhon an source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hockett_1960-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hockett_1960_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFHockett1960"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_F._Hockett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles F. Hockett (mayong arog kaining pahina)">Hockett, Charles F.</a> (1960). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106173517/http://www.gifted.ucalgary.ca/dflynn/files/dflynn/Hockett60.pdf">The Origin of Speech</a>". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_American&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific American (mayong arog kaining pahina)">Scientific American</a></i> <b>203</b> (3): 88–96. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital object identifier (mayong arog kaining pahina)">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0960-88">10.1038/scientificamerican0960-88</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14402211?dopt=Abstract">PMID 14402211</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (mayong arog kaining pahina)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960SciAm.203c..88H">1960SciAm.203c..88H</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gifted.ucalgary.ca/dflynn/files/dflynn/Hockett60.pdf">the original</a> on 2014-01-06<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106173517/http://www.gifted.ucalgary.ca/dflynn/files/dflynn/Hockett60.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20140106173517/http://www.gifted.ucalgary.ca/dflynn/files/dflynn/Hockett60.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2014-01-06</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Origin+of+Speech&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScientific+American%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Hockett&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft.au=Hockett%2C+Charles+F.&rft.date=1960&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=88%E2%80%9396&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0960-88&rft_id=info:pmid/14402211&rft_id=info:bibcode/1960SciAm.203c..88H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140106173517%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.gifted.ucalgary.ca%2Fdflynn%2Ffiles%2Fdflynn%2FHockett60.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Pagtaram"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corballis_2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Corballis_2002_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Corballis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Corballis (mayong arog kaining pahina)">Corballis, Michael C.</a> (2002). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromhandtomoutho0000corb"><i>From hand to mouth : the origins of language</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Free registration required"><img alt="Free registration required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Book Number (mayong arog kaining pahina)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Espesyal:BookSources/978-0-691-08803-7" title="Espesyal:BookSources/978-0-691-08803-7">978-0-691-08803-7</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (mayong arog kaining pahina)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/469431753">469431753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+hand+to+mouth+%3A+the+origins+of+language&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F469431753&rft.isbn=978-0-691-08803-7&rft.aulast=Corballis&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromhandtomoutho0000corb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbcl.wikipedia.org%3APagtaram" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lieberman_1984-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lieberman_1984_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lieberman, Philip (1984). <i>The biology and evolution of language</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Book Number (mayong arog kaining pahina)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Espesyal:BookSources/9780674074132" title="Espesyal:BookSources/9780674074132">9780674074132</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (mayong arog kaining pahina)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/10071298">10071298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+biology+and+evolution+of+language&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10071298&rft.isbn=9780674074132&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbcl.wikipedia.org%3APagtaram" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lieberman,_P_2000-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lieberman,_P_2000_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Lieberman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Lieberman (mayong arog kaining pahina)">Lieberman, Philip</a> (2000). <i>Human language and our reptilian brain : the subcortical bases of speech, syntax, and thought</i>. <i>Perspectives in Biology and Medicine</i>. <b>44</b>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 32–51. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital object identifier (mayong arog kaining pahina)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fpbm.2001.0011">10.1353/pbm.2001.0011</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Book Number (mayong arog kaining pahina)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Espesyal:BookSources/9780674002265" title="Espesyal:BookSources/9780674002265">9780674002265</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (mayong arog kaining pahina)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/43207451">43207451</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (mayong arog kaining pahina)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253303">11253303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+language+and+our+reptilian+brain+%3A+the+subcortical+bases+of+speech%2C+syntax%2C+and+thought&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=32-51&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43207451&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11253303&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fpbm.2001.0011&rft.isbn=9780674002265&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbcl.wikipedia.org%3APagtaram" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> ignored (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabang:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabang:CS1 errors (mayong arog kaining pahina)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abry_Boë_1998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Abry_Boë_1998_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFAbryBoëLaboissièreSchwartz1998">Abry, Christian; Boë, Louis-Jean; Laboissière, Rafael; Schwartz, Jean-Luc (1998). "A new puzzle for the evolution of speech?". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Behavioral_and_Brain_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Behavioral and Brain Sciences (mayong arog kaining pahina)">Behavioral and Brain Sciences</a></i> <b>21</b> (4): 512–513. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital object identifier (mayong arog kaining pahina)">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0140525X98231268">10.1017/S0140525X98231268</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+new+puzzle+for+the+evolution+of+speech%3F&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BBehavioral+and+Brain+Sciences%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Abry&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Abry%2C+Christian&rft.au=Bo%C3%AB%2C+Louis-Jean&rft.au=Laboissi%C3%A8re%2C+Rafael&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Jean-Luc&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=512%E2%80%93513&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0140525X98231268&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Pagtaram"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="notice metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ladawan:Article_progress_bar_-_type_3_-_Stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Article_progress_bar_-_type_3_-_Stub.svg/90px-Article_progress_bar_-_type_3_-_Stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Article_progress_bar_-_type_3_-_Stub.svg/135px-Article_progress_bar_-_type_3_-_Stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Article_progress_bar_-_type_3_-_Stub.svg/180px-Article_progress_bar_-_type_3_-_Stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="310" /></a></span> <i>Sarong <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tamboan" title="Wikipedia:Tamboan">tamboan</a> an artikulong ini. 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