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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Human geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_of_Horta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_of_Horta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>City of Horta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_of_Horta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_—_Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_—_Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Twin towns — Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_—_Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_citizens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_citizens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable citizens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_citizens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Horta, Azores</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A9" title="أرتة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرتة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(Azores)" title="Horta (Azores) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Horta (Azores)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B)" title="Орта (Азорскія астравы) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Орта (Азорскія астравы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(A%C3%A7ores)" title="Horta (Açores) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Horta (Açores)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(munisipyo)" title="Horta (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Horta (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta" title="Horta – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Horta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(Portugal)" title="Horta (Portugal) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Horta (Portugal)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Όρτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όρτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(Azores)" title="Horta (Azores) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Horta (Azores)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(Portugalio)" title="Horta (Portugalio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Horta (Portugalio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta" title="Horta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Horta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(A%C3%A7ores)" title="Horta (Açores) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Horta (Açores)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%80_(%EC%95%84%EC%86%8C%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84)" title="오르타 (아소르스 제도) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오르타 (아소르스 제도)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta" title="Horta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Horta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%94" title="הורטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הורטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ორტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta" title="Horta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Horta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="اورتا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اورتا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(Azoren)" title="Horta (Azoren) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Horta (Azoren)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(Azory)" title="Horta (Azory) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Horta (Azory)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta" title="Horta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Horta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta" title="Horta – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Horta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Орта (Азорские острова) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орта (Азорские острова)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_(Azori)" title="Horta (Azori) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Horta (Azori)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ออร์ตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออร์ตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta,_Azorlar" title="Horta, Azorlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Horta, Azorlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Орта (Азори) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орта (Азори)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta,_A%C3%A7ores" title="Horta, Açores – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Horta, Açores" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta" title="Horta – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Horta" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Horta, Azores" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94_(%E4%BA%9E%E9%80%9F%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6)" title="奧爾塔 (亞速爾群島) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奧爾塔 (亞速爾群島)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q990385#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Horta,_Azores&params=38_34_46_N_28_42_59_W_region:PT_type:adm1st_dim:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°34′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°42′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.57944°N 28.71639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.57944; -28.71639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Azores, Portugal</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Horta</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miradouro_Senhora_Da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(50680550776).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The City of Horta and Horta Bay, as seen from the Nossa Senhora da Conceição outlook, showing the marina, the old dock, and volcanic cones, Monte Escuro and Monte da Guia."><img alt="The City of Horta and Horta Bay, as seen from the Nossa Senhora da Conceição outlook, showing the marina, the old dock, and volcanic cones, Monte Escuro and Monte da Guia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Miradouro_Senhora_Da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%2850680550776%29.jpg/270px-Miradouro_Senhora_Da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%2850680550776%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Miradouro_Senhora_Da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%2850680550776%29.jpg/405px-Miradouro_Senhora_Da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%2850680550776%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Miradouro_Senhora_Da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%2850680550776%29.jpg/540px-Miradouro_Senhora_Da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%2850680550776%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The City of Horta and Horta Bay, as seen from the Nossa Senhora da Conceição outlook, showing the marina, the old dock, and volcanic cones, Monte Escuro and Monte da Guia.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pt-hrt1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Horta"><img alt="Flag of Horta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pt-hrt1.png/75px-Pt-hrt1.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pt-hrt1.png/113px-Pt-hrt1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pt-hrt1.png/150px-Pt-hrt1.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="347" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PT-Brasao-Horta-1865.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Horta"><img alt="Coat of arms of Horta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/PT-Brasao-Horta-1865.png/63px-PT-Brasao-Horta-1865.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/PT-Brasao-Horta-1865.png/94px-PT-Brasao-Horta-1865.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/PT-Brasao-Horta-1865.png/126px-PT-Brasao-Horta-1865.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="616" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocalHorta.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the municipality of Horta in the archipelago of the Azores"><img alt="Location of the municipality of Horta in the archipelago of the Azores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/LocalHorta.png/270px-LocalHorta.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/LocalHorta.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="180" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of the municipality of <b>Horta</b> in the archipelago of the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Horta,_Azores&params=38_34_46_N_28_42_59_W_region:PT_type:adm1st_dim:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°34′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°42′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.57944°N 28.71639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.57944; -28.71639</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">Auton. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Island</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Faial_Island" title="Faial Island">Faial</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">Settlement: c. 1467<br />Town: c. 1498<br />City/Municipality: 4 July 1833</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">Parishes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Human_geography">13</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Municipal_Chamber" title="President of the Municipal Chamber">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data">José Leonardo Goulart da Silva</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">173.06 km<sup>2</sup> (66.82 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">404 m (1,325 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,331</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">83/km<sup>2</sup> (210/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9201:00" title="UTC−01:00">UTC−01:00</a> (AZOT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC+00:00</a> (AZOST)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Portugal" title="Postal codes in Portugal">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">9900-997</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Portugal" title="Telephone numbers in Portugal">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">292</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Santíssimo Salvador</a> da Horta</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal" title="Public holidays in Portugal">Local holiday</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24 June</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cmhorta.pt">http://www.cmhorta.pt</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Horta</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈɔɾtɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e9\/Pt-pt_Horta_FF.ogg\/Pt-pt_Horta_FF.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pt-pt Horta FF.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/Pt-pt_Horta_FF.ogg/Pt-pt_Horta_FF.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pt-pt_Horta_FF.ogg" title="File:Pt-pt Horta FF.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a municipality and city in the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> archipelago of the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> encompassing the island of <a href="/wiki/Faial_Island" title="Faial Island">Faial</a>. The population in 2011 was 15,038<sup id="cite_ref-INE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in an area of 173.06 square kilometres (66.82 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-EC2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Horta itself has a population of about 7,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Soares2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soares2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horta's marina is a primary stop for <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yachts</a> crossing the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, and its walls and walkways are covered with paintings created by visitors noting the names of their vessels, crews, and the years they visited. Peter's Cafe Sport is a bar located across from the marina that houses the island's <a href="/wiki/Scrimshaw" title="Scrimshaw">scrimshaw</a> museum, a collection of artifacts carved from whale tooth and jawbone. Peter's is a point of reference for transatlantic yachters and sailors. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Azores" title="Legislative Assembly of the Azores">Legislative Assembly of the Azores</a> is located in Horta, making it Azores' legislative capital. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15th_through_17th_centuries">15th through 17th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 15th through 17th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fayal_earl_of_cumberland_1589.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fayal_earl_of_cumberland_1589.JPG/235px-Fayal_earl_of_cumberland_1589.JPG" decoding="async" width="235" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fayal_earl_of_cumberland_1589.JPG/353px-Fayal_earl_of_cumberland_1589.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fayal_earl_of_cumberland_1589.JPG/470px-Fayal_earl_of_cumberland_1589.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4662" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>The Bay of Horta showing the main settlement as it appeared in 1589</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1467 the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> nobleman <a href="/wiki/Josse_van_Huerter" title="Josse van Huerter">Josse van Huerter</a> returned to Faial on a second expedition, this time disembarking along the shore of what would be known as Horta Bay. He built a small chapel which would later form the nucleus of a small community known as <b>Horta</b>, a name possibly derived from the transliteration of his name. In the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a> the word <i>horta</i> means "<a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">orchard</a>," another possible origin of the settlement's name. The <a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">infante</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Viseu" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu">D. Fernando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Viseu" title="Duke of Viseu">Duke of Viseu</a>, granted Huerter the first <a href="/wiki/Captaincy" title="Captaincy">captaincy</a> of the island on February 2, 1468. </p><p>Unlike on other Azorean islands, Flemish peasants and business interests were not the first settlers of Faial. The first Faialense settlers were generally farmers from continental Portugal—particularly northern Portugal—hoping to escape poverty. Huerter eventually cultivated new business opportunities in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, attracting a second wave of Flemish settlers under the stewardship of <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_der_Haegen" title="Willem van der Haegen">Willem van der Haegen</a> (later transliterated to <i>Guilherme da Silveira</i>), who brought Flemish administrators, tradesmen, settlers, and other compatriots to settle on Faial. </p><p>Huerter's son Joss de Utra (who would become the second <a href="/wiki/Captain-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain-General">Captain-General</a>) and his daughter D. Joana de Macedo (who married <a href="/wiki/Martin_Behaim" title="Martin Behaim">Martin Behaim</a> at the Santa Cruz chapel) continued living on Faial long after van Huerter's death. In 1498 King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a> decreed Horta elevated to the status of <i>vila</i> (<i>town</i>), as its center had grown to the north from the area around the Santa Cruz chapel. The island prospered by exporting <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isatis_tinctoria" title="Isatis tinctoria">woad</a>-derived dyes. </p><p>On June 28, 1514, the parish of Matriz do São Salvador da Horta was constituted and services were begun. In 1567 the cornerstone of what would be the Fort of Santa Cruz was laid. Horta's increasing population compelled the creation of the parishes of Nossa Senhora da Conceição (July 30, 1568) and Nossa Senhora da Angustias (November 28, 1684) by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Angra" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Angra">diocese</a> of <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra</a>. As two nuclei developed around Santa Cruz and Porto Pim, growth also extended around the older Matriz, where the Tower Clock now stands, and the public square, where <i>Alameda Barão de Roches</i> now exists. Public buildings were erected between <i>Rua Visconde Leite Perry</i> and <i>Rua Arriage Nunes</i> and eventually the town hall and court offices moved to the former Jesuit College, after the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> were expelled from Portugal in 1758. </p><p>In 1583—during the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>—Spanish soldiers under the command of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Toledo_Osorio,_5th_Marquess_of_Villafranca" title="Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquess of Villafranca">D. Pedro de Toledo</a> landed in Pasteleiro on Faial's southwestern coast. After skirmishing at the doors of the fort, the Spanish executed Captain of Faial António Guedes de Sousa. Four years later <a href="/wiki/George_Clifford,_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland" title="George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland">George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland</a>—while commanding a fleet of 13 British ships in the <a href="/wiki/Azores_Voyage_of_1589" title="Azores Voyage of 1589">Azores Voyage of 1589</a>—captured a Spanish ship and then plundered Faial's churches and convents, profaning them and destroying <a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">reliquaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifixes</a>. The British captured several artillery pieces and set fire to houses within the Fort of Santa Cruz. In 1597 a new British <a href="/wiki/Islands_Voyage" title="Islands Voyage">force</a> under <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a>, second in command to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex</a>, sacked and burned religious buildings and churches in Horta and the neighboring parishes of <a href="/wiki/Flamengos" title="Flamengos">Flamengos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feteira_(Horta)" title="Feteira (Horta)">Feteira</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Praia_do_Almoxarife" title="Praia do Almoxarife">Praia do Almoxarife</a>. The constant threat of <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> and pirates forced the construction of several forts and lookouts. </p><p>In 1643, Horta had about 2579 inhabitants and 610 homes. In 1675 D. Frei Lourenço, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Angra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Angra">Bishop of Angra</a>, authorized the renovation and re-ornamentation of the chapel of Santa Cruz. This work was completed in 1688. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 18th and 19th centuries, Horta was a small town extending along the shoreline. It was peppered by various convents and churches, but little commerce and almost no industry. However, due to its central location in the Azores and Atlantic Ocean, it prospered as a stopover on important commercial routes between Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>. For a time Horta was a center of commerce and travel, particularly as a gateway for Azorean orange exports and exports of wine from <a href="/wiki/Pico_Island" title="Pico Island">Pico Island</a>, as well as an important stop for North American whalers, and later as a refueling port for coal-powered ships during their transatlantic passages.<sup id="cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dabney-anthology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horta_purrington_%26_russel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Horta_purrington_%26_russel.jpg/235px-Horta_purrington_%26_russel.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Horta_purrington_%26_russel.jpg/353px-Horta_purrington_%26_russel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Horta_purrington_%26_russel.jpg/470px-Horta_purrington_%26_russel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>A vista of the village of Horta, Faial from the New Bedford Whaling Museum, c.1842 (Purrington & Russel)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1804 John Bass Dabney (1766–1826), the United States Consul General in the Azores, married Roxanne Lewis and moved to a home in Horta.<sup id="cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dabney-anthology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their son Charles William Dabney (who later married Francis Alsop Pomeroy) succeeded his father in this position and played an important part in the history and economy of Horta and Faial.<sup id="cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dabney-anthology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was helped by the construction of a commercial port in 1876 and the installation of transatlantic <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> cables in 1893. The Dabney family steered the island's economy for 83 years with good effect on the dynamic growth of the port, the export of <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Verdelho" title="Verdelho">Verdelho</a> wine from Pico, and commerce related to the whaling industry.<sup id="cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dabney-anthology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 26, 1814, the American privateer <a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">brig</a> <i><a href="/wiki/General_Armstrong" title="General Armstrong">General Armstrong</a></i>, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chester_Reid" title="Samuel Chester Reid">Samuel Chester Reid</a>, was sunk by three ships of the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> under the command of Robert Lloyd.<sup id="cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dabney-anthology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bento80-1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bento80-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being forced to scuttle his ship, Reid formally protested the ship's destruction in a neutral port, criticizing Portuguese incapacity to defend their own waters.<sup id="cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dabney-anthology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her principal piece of <a href="/wiki/Naval_artillery" title="Naval artillery">naval artillery</a>, the cannon "Long Tom", was later recovered from Horta Bay. It was eventually offered to <a href="/wiki/George_Sherman_Batcheller" title="George Sherman Batcheller">General Batcheller</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Portugal" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Portugal">United States Minister</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, in compensation. General Batcheller returned to Horta to pick up the cannon and delivered it to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on board the ship USS <i>Vega</i> on or about April 18, 1893.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On July 4, 1833, the <i>vila</i> of Horta, through the initiative of the <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Jos%C3%A9_de_%C3%81vila,_1st_Duke_of_%C3%81vila_and_Bolama" title="António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama">Duke d'Ávila and Bolama</a>, was elevated to the status of city and the district capital as a reward for Faial's support of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal</a> forces during the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Revolution_of_1820" title="Liberal Revolution of 1820">Portuguese Liberal Revolution</a>. The city hall's coat of arms were changed to read “Very Loyal City of Horta” by decree of King <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">Luís I of Portugal</a> on May 3, 1865. </p><p>Construction of Horta's commercial port in 1876 increased the city's international importance. On August 23, 1893, the first telegraph cables linking Horta (Alagoa) and Lisbon (Carcavelos) made Horta a link in transatlantic communication. The presence of several foreign cable companies in Horta increased the economic activity and development, urban growth, and frequency of cultural and sporting activities on the island. Between 1893 and 1969 Horta was an important post in intercontinental communications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horta-Azores-SMS-Schlesien-Schuhmacher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Horta-Azores-SMS-Schlesien-Schuhmacher.jpg/220px-Horta-Azores-SMS-Schlesien-Schuhmacher.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Horta-Azores-SMS-Schlesien-Schuhmacher.jpg/330px-Horta-Azores-SMS-Schlesien-Schuhmacher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Horta-Azores-SMS-Schlesien-Schuhmacher.jpg/440px-Horta-Azores-SMS-Schlesien-Schuhmacher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1966" /></a><figcaption>A view of Horta harbour from the German battleship <a href="/wiki/SMS_Schlesien" title="SMS Schlesien"><i>Schlesien</i></a> before the outbreak of World War II</figcaption></figure> <p>Horta entered into the annals of early aviation history when <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/Albert_Cushing_Read" title="Albert Cushing Read">Albert Cushing Read</a> completed the first Atlantic leg of the first <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_flight" title="Transatlantic flight">transatlantic flight</a> when he landed his <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_NC-4" title="Curtiss NC-4">Curtiss NC-4</a> <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplane</a> in the Bay of Horta in May 1919. </p><p>In 1921 Dutch seagoing <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboats</a> began using Horta as a stopover. After a hiatus during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, they returned during the period of European reconstruction. </p><p>After 1939 Horta was a scheduled waypoint on the transatlantic <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> routes between <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Clipper" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Am Clipper">Pan Am Clipper</a> fleet which docked in Horta harbour. </p><p>By 1960 yachts started using Horta's sheltered port during transatlantic voyages. </p><p>On 24 August 1971, in the civil parish of Castelo Branco, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rico_Tom%C3%A1s" title="Américo Tomás">Américo Tomás</a> inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Horta_Airport" title="Horta Airport">Horta Airport</a>. Since 1972 the <i>Sociedade Açoreana de Transportes Aéreos</i> (which was the forerunner of <a href="/wiki/SATA_Air_A%C3%A7ores" title="SATA Air Açores">SATA Air Azores</a>) has provided scheduled flights from Horta to the islands of the <i>triangle</i> (Central Group). During the 1980s <a href="/wiki/TAP_Air_Portugal" title="TAP Air Portugal">TAP Air Portugal</a>, the national <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a>, established direct service from Horta to <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, while further fleet improvements allowed SATA to directly link Horta with all Azorean islands. Following major renovations in December 2001, the airport was designated an <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a>, although no foreign airlines have scheduled or charter flights arriving at Horta Airport. </p><p>Periodic improvements to Horta harbour allowed the city to become a stopover for yachts and cruise ships and provide ongoing assistance to transatlantic voyagers. This was facilitated when the municipal authority inaugurated a 300-slip <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marina</a> on 3 June 1986. Horta harbour is a fleet centre for the Azorean ferry lines <a href="/wiki/Transma%C3%A7or" title="Transmaçor">Transmaçor</a> and Atlanticoline, resulting in new investments and the construction of a secondary pier for inter-island passenger traffic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_geography">Physical geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Physical geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Faial_Island" title="Faial Island">Faial Island</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horta has the typical <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> with significant <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> influences associated with the Azores. Horta, along with nearby <a href="/wiki/Madalena,_Azores" title="Madalena, Azores">Madalena</a> is one of the Azorean cities most prone to high temperatures, and unlike <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) have been recorded on a few occasions. Averages, however, are extremely similar to the aforementioned cities. Precipitation averages about 962 millimetres (37.9 in) per year and is concentrated from September to February. On average November is the wettest month, while July is the driest. Temperatures are mild to warm year-round and average 20 °C (68 °F) in the daytime and 15 °C (59 °F) at night. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Horta (Monte da Guia), elevation: 62 m or 203 ft, 1971-1994 normals, 1961-1990 extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.0<br />(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(3.70) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.9<br />(2.95) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.7<br />(2.31) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.2<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(1.32) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.6<br />(3.76) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.3<br />(4.54) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.8<br />(4.87) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.1<br />(4.37) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">962<br />(37.87) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #A6A6A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144 </td> <td style="background: #B0B085; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103 </td> <td style="background: #979797; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #C5C507; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,795 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/IPMA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPMA">IPMA</a> (normals & precipitation)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sunshine hours & humidity),<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_geography">Human geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population of <br />Horta<sup id="cite_ref-INE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(1849 - 2011)</small></caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1849 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,763</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,075</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,510</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,281</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">15,489</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−23.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,920</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,063</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2004 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,224</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,038</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,331</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.7%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Three parishes comprise the urban area of the city of Horta (the urbanized area and historical center): <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%BAstias" title="Angústias">Angústias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(Horta)" title="Conceição (Horta)">Conceição</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matriz_(Horta)" title="Matriz (Horta)">Matriz</a>. The remaining parishes comprising the rest of the municipality are located along the Regional E.R.1-1ª road network, and includes lands from the ocean to the central volcano (with the exception of Flamengos, which is the only landlocked parish). Faial Island, comprising Horta's urbanized area and the parishes, has an area of 173.06 square kilometres (66.82 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-EC2013_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capelo" title="Capelo">Capelo</a> - located in the western portion of the island that includes the most recent historic volcanism on the island; location of the Capelinhos Volcano and Recreational Forest Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo_Branco_(Horta)" title="Castelo Branco (Horta)">Castelo Branco</a> - located on the southern coastal area between Capelo and Feteiras; location of Horta International Airport</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedros_(Horta)" title="Cedros (Horta)">Cedros</a> - largest civil parish and agricultural lands, located on the northern coast between Capelo and Salão</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteira_(Horta)" title="Feteira (Horta)">Feteira</a> - southern parish located between the urbanized core of Horta and Castelo Branco; primarily agricultural activities in transition into suburban community of Horta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamengos" title="Flamengos">Flamengos</a> - the only landlocked civil parish on the island, established by original settlers from the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> of Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Miguel" title="Pedro Miguel">Pedro Miguel</a> - located to the north of Praia do Almoxarife, along the eastern coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praia_do_Almoxarife" title="Praia do Almoxarife">Praia do Almoxarife</a> - original settlers disembarked along the beach of Praia do Almoxarife during the original 1465 and 1467 expeditions; currently the main tourist beach community on the island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praia_do_Norte" title="Praia do Norte">Praia do Norte</a> - located between Cedros and Capelo, a zone affected by historic volcanism from the Capelo Volcanic Complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribeirinha_(Horta)" title="Ribeirinha (Horta)">Ribeirinha</a> - a civil parish occupying the ancient geological zone that formed the island of Faial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A3o" title="Salão">Salão</a> - settled by Spanish during the Iberian Union, and located between Cedros and Ribeirinha</li></ul> <p>In 2011, the national census discovered a resident population of 15,038: a slight decrease from the 2001 population (15,063 inhabitants).<sup id="cite_ref-INE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, the number of aggregate families grew significantly (4795 to 5465 families reporting their participation in such groups), an increase from 2.8 to 3.1 people per family. Similarly, there has been a 21.69% increase in the number occupied buildings within the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-INE_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_of_Horta">City of Horta</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: City of Horta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:23em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>I love Horta like <a href="/wiki/Loquat" title="Loquat">loquats</a>! I had a longing of what was, I don't know how, of here. Everything imagined is more or less frustrated when we comprehend: but in Horta, no, it is exceeded. At the end of the Rua do Mar are the built-up homes; over the unique celebretated road of the town are the alleyways that descend to the coast and provide a modest contribution to the fires and transit. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Vitorino_Nem%C3%A9sio" title="Vitorino Nemésio">Vitorino Nemésio</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_de_Horta_desde_Monte_da_Guia,_isla_de_Fayal,_Azores,_Portugal,_2020-07-27,_DD_04-06_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vista_de_Horta_desde_Monte_da_Guia%2C_isla_de_Fayal%2C_Azores%2C_Portugal%2C_2020-07-27%2C_DD_04-06_HDR.jpg/235px-Vista_de_Horta_desde_Monte_da_Guia%2C_isla_de_Fayal%2C_Azores%2C_Portugal%2C_2020-07-27%2C_DD_04-06_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vista_de_Horta_desde_Monte_da_Guia%2C_isla_de_Fayal%2C_Azores%2C_Portugal%2C_2020-07-27%2C_DD_04-06_HDR.jpg/353px-Vista_de_Horta_desde_Monte_da_Guia%2C_isla_de_Fayal%2C_Azores%2C_Portugal%2C_2020-07-27%2C_DD_04-06_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vista_de_Horta_desde_Monte_da_Guia%2C_isla_de_Fayal%2C_Azores%2C_Portugal%2C_2020-07-27%2C_DD_04-06_HDR.jpg/470px-Vista_de_Horta_desde_Monte_da_Guia%2C_isla_de_Fayal%2C_Azores%2C_Portugal%2C_2020-07-27%2C_DD_04-06_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8028" data-file-height="4516" /></a><figcaption>Horta and its marina from Monte da Guia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cidade_da_Horta_vista_da_Ba%C3%ADa_da_Horta,_ilha_do_Faial,_A%C3%A7ores,_Portugal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cidade_da_Horta_vista_da_Ba%C3%ADa_da_Horta%2C_ilha_do_Faial%2C_A%C3%A7ores%2C_Portugal.JPG/235px-Cidade_da_Horta_vista_da_Ba%C3%ADa_da_Horta%2C_ilha_do_Faial%2C_A%C3%A7ores%2C_Portugal.JPG" decoding="async" width="235" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cidade_da_Horta_vista_da_Ba%C3%ADa_da_Horta%2C_ilha_do_Faial%2C_A%C3%A7ores%2C_Portugal.JPG/353px-Cidade_da_Horta_vista_da_Ba%C3%ADa_da_Horta%2C_ilha_do_Faial%2C_A%C3%A7ores%2C_Portugal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cidade_da_Horta_vista_da_Ba%C3%ADa_da_Horta%2C_ilha_do_Faial%2C_A%C3%A7ores%2C_Portugal.JPG/470px-Cidade_da_Horta_vista_da_Ba%C3%ADa_da_Horta%2C_ilha_do_Faial%2C_A%C3%A7ores%2C_Portugal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The centre of Horta, with a view that includes the Câmara Municipal (left foreground) and <a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Carmo_(Horta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convent of Carmo (Horta)">Carmo Church</a> (right background)</figcaption></figure> <p>From Espalamaca or Monte da Guia, the city of Horta is typical of insular Portuguese coastal communities and the urban traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>. The city is seaward looking, much like Angra do Heroísmo or <a href="/wiki/Velas,_Azores" title="Velas, Azores">Velas</a>. It is rounded by several volcanic cones located to its southern and eastern margins, the most prominent being Monte da Guaia, Monte do Carneiro, and Monte Escuro. Horta is centered along its principal avenue—referred to as either Avenida Marginal or Avenida D. Infante Henriques—and cut by several smaller roads. The city's historical center lies to the north near Espalamaca, with a grouping of north–south and east–west roads developed during initial colonization. The population of Horta's urban center during the first decade of the 21st century was about 7,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Soares2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soares2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horta grew from streets such as: </p> <ul><li>Rua Vista Alegre/Ladeira da Paiva/travessa Almeida Garrett (that includes the Church Matriz, and Convent of Saint John);</li> <li>Rua Advogado Graça/Travessa do Poiso Novo (where the original Casa da Câmara and Convent of Glory were situated);</li> <li>Rua de São Paulo;</li> <li>Rua de São Pedro and Travessa da Misericórdia; and,</li> <li>Rua Dr. Azevedo and Calçada M. Vila, near the entrance to the Largo do Colégio.</li> <li>Rua de São João</li> <li>Rua Ten. Aragão (currently between the Império dos Nobres and the Sociedade Amor da Pátria)</li> <li>Rua da Conceição/Alameda Barão de Roches/Rua D. Pedro IV/Rua E. Rebelo, with the Pelourinho, the Casa da Câmara and older urban prison (Cadeia), the Convent of Glory, this area constituted the original Vila of Horta. The oldest dwellings and the older ornate façades are located in this area.</li> <li>Rua Maestro Simaria, located near the Rua Serpa Pinto, and the ancient Largo do Colégio Jesuíta;</li> <li>Rua Conselheiro Miguel da Silveira, and open to the Avenida Marginal.</li></ul> <p>These streets formed from the central colony along hills parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ocean. Littoral growth was made cautiously until the town square, civic center, town hall, and local water wells were built along the seashore in both directions. Religious institutions generally mark the extent of urbanized–rural limits (as the <a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Nossa_Senhora_do_Carmo_(Horta)" title="Convent of Nossa Senhora do Carmo (Horta)">Convent of Nossa Senhora do Carmo</a> and Convent of the Capuchos do today to the northeast). </p><p>Modern Horta grew beyond the limits of this early colonization. A secondary nucleus grew in the area of Porto Pim, and infilling occurred sporadically until a crescent formed along the banks of the east coast, only contained by Ponte de Espalamaca to the north and open ocean to the south. The cinder cones in the south likely protected settlers and ships from the north Atlantic weather systems. Horta grew slowly into the river valleys of Faial's interior, linking the parishes of Flamengos to the west and Feteira to the southwest to form an incomplete urbanized mass. The nodes of growth basically follow the road network, including the recently completed "Scute" (freeway) that bypasses the southern E.R.1-1ª road between Angustias and Feteira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_—_Sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.94_Sister_cities"></span>Twin towns — Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Twin towns — Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal">List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal</a></div> <p>Horta is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford, Massachusetts</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></b>, United States<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Madeira" title="Santa Cruz, Madeira">Santa Cruz, Madeira</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horta_Marina_Calling_Cards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Horta_Marina_Calling_Cards.jpg/170px-Horta_Marina_Calling_Cards.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Horta_Marina_Calling_Cards.jpg/255px-Horta_Marina_Calling_Cards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Horta_Marina_Calling_Cards.jpg/340px-Horta_Marina_Calling_Cards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1291" /></a><figcaption>The pier and seawalls in Horta Harbor and Marina are covered with the "calling cards" of visiting yachts.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horta_Marina_Calling_Card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Horta_Marina_Calling_Card.jpg/170px-Horta_Marina_Calling_Card.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Horta_Marina_Calling_Card.jpg/255px-Horta_Marina_Calling_Card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Horta_Marina_Calling_Card.jpg/340px-Horta_Marina_Calling_Card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>An example of one of the murals painted on the Marina seawall, showing the ensign of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Maritime_Auxiliary_Service" title="Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service">Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to its central position in the <i>Triangle</i> of islands in the Azores's Central Group, Horta has been the focus of economic activity on Faial. It was the staging and export centre for many of the economic cycles of the region: the export of woad-derived dyes, oranges, <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a>, and Pico-grown Verdelho wines historically built Faial's economy. Many of the landed gentry concentrated their shops, production facilities, and homes in the city, while agricultural goods were shipped to the city before being sent on to Europe or North America. For a long time, the island of Pico was an exclave of Horta with summer homes, agricultural parcels, and herds owned by residents of Faial, until its emancipation on 8 March 1723. </p><p>After the failure of the economic cycles through boom-and-bust economies (brought on by weather, plant disease, or market deviation), the city of Horta became a staging point for transatlantic shipment firstly for whaling fleets, and later for the submarine cable companies that laid communication lines between Europe and North America. These spurts of growth concentrated the population and political and economic classes within Horta, and economic activities on Faial. </p><p>Horta today is polarized between the same dichotomy that existed between the hinter- and heartlands, with most primary economic activities (agricultural mostly) dispersed into the parishes, while the secondary and tertiary activities are concentrated in the three main parishes (Angústias, Conceição and Matriz). In addition, the prosperity of the early 20th century, concentrated on the transatlantic traffic, has developed into a tourist-oriented economy concentrated on the architecture, geographic, leisure, and sociocultural aspects of the island. This includes sightseeing tours and whale-watching expeditions departing from the city, the arrival of semi-weekly cruise ships during the summer, and cultural festivals that unite local residents and visitors throughout the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_the_port_of_Horta,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aerial_view_of_the_port_of_Horta%2C_2015.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_the_port_of_Horta%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aerial_view_of_the_port_of_Horta%2C_2015.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_the_port_of_Horta%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aerial_view_of_the_port_of_Horta%2C_2015.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_the_port_of_Horta%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the port of Horta</figcaption></figure> <p>The island is circled by the Regional E.R.1-1ª roadway which directly connects all parish centres (except Flamengos) with the city Horta. Apart from personal vehicles, a bus system provides daily access to the city from the outer parishes. </p><p>The centre of most activity in the municipality is Horta's port and passenger terminal which, until 28 July 2012, was located south of the Fort of Santa Cruz in the parish of Angustias. The passenger ferries operated by <a href="/wiki/Transma%C3%A7or" title="Transmaçor">Transmaçor</a> (the <i>Cruzeiro do Canal</i> and <i>Cruzeiro da Ilha</i>) provided passenger service to and from the island of Pico (Madalena), while <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atl%C3%A2nticoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlânticoline (page does not exist)">Atlânticoline</a> (using contracted ships) provided inter-island service to the remaining islands from the main dock across the harbour. On 28 July 2012, a new passenger ferry and dock was inaugurated across the harbour at the mouth of the <i>Ribeira da Conceição</i> across from the old District Courthouse.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribuna2012731-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tribuna2012728_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribuna2012728-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A €33 million project, the dock was started in 2009, and resulted in a 393-metre (1,289 ft) long wharf, with a 267-metre (876 ft) long by 80-metre (260 ft) wide usable docking space containing two ramps for <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">roll-on/roll-off</a> operation, with the express purpose of supporting passenger traffic within the <i>triangle</i> islands of the central Azores.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribuna2012731-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 130-metre (430 ft) long embankment 20,000 square metres (220,000 sq ft) in area was also built to protect the Ribeira da Conceição.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribuna2012731-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project involved changes to the road network in the area, parking areas, pavement and green-spaces, as well as new public illumination, water supply, telecommunications, and fueling resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribuna2012731-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to these improvements, Transmaçor acquired two new ships to be brought into service by the end of 2014 in order to support the island's tourist economy. At the new wharf's inauguration, President of the Azorean Regional Government Carlos Cesar indicated the importance of inter-island traffic for the islands, which for 16 years had transported 290,000 passengers annually (and now is beyond 400,000).<sup id="cite_ref-Tribuna2012728_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribuna2012728-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city contains the Horta Regional Museum which has a permanent exhibit, <i>Exhibition of Capelinhos Volcano</i>, detailing in photographs the 1957 volcanic eruption in the Azores. The museum also contains a large collection of scale models of buildings, ships, and people carved from <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">fig</a> kernels by Euclides Rosa.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> visited Horta in June 1867 near the beginning of a long pleasure excursion to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. He described his visit with acerbic commentary on the people and culture of Horta in his semi-autobiographical book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Innocents_Abroad" title="The Innocents Abroad">The Innocents Abroad</a></i>. In the book Twain compliments Horta's physical appearance: </p> <dl><dd>"The town has eight thousand to ten thousand inhabitants. Its snow-white houses nestle cosily in a sea of fresh green vegetation, and no village could look prettier or more attractive. It sits in the lap of an amphitheatre of hills which are three hundred to seven hundred feet high, and carefully cultivated clear to their summits - not a foot of soil left idle."</dd></dl> <p>However, Twain painted a less complimentary picture of the inhabitants of Horta and Faial at the time: </p> <dl><dd>"The group on the pier was a rusty one — men and women, and boys and girls, all ragged, and barefoot, uncombed and unclean, and by instinct, education, and profession, beggars. They trooped after us, and never more, while we tarried in Fayal, did we get rid of them. We walked up the middle of the principal street, and these vermin surrounded us on all sides, and glared upon us; and every moment excited couples shot ahead of the procession to get a good look back, just as village boys do when they accompany the elephant on his advertising trip from street to street."</dd></dl> <dl><dd>"The community is eminently Portuguese — that is to say, it is slow, poor, shiftless, sleepy, and lazy. There is a civil governor, appointed by the King of Portugal; and also a military governor, who can assume supreme control and suspend the civil government at his pleasure. [...] there is one assistant superintendent to feed the mill and a general superintendent to stand by and keep him from going to sleep...There is not a wheelbarrow in the land [...] There is not a modern plow in the islands, or a threshing-machine. All attempts to introduce them have failed. The good Catholic Portuguese crossed himself and prayed God to shield him from all blasphemous desire to know more than his father did before him. [...] The people lie, and cheat the stranger, and are desperately ignorant, and have hardly any reverence for their dead. The latter trait shows how little better they are than the donkeys they eat and sleep with."</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Slocum" title="Joshua Slocum">Joshua Slocum</a>, sailing the <a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">sloop</a> <a href="/wiki/Spray_(sailing_vessel)" title="Spray (sailing vessel)"><i>Spray</i></a>, stopped in Horta on the first leg of his solo global <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a>, which he chronicled in his 1899 book <i><a href="/wiki/Sailing_Alone_Around_the_World" title="Sailing Alone Around the World">Sailing Alone Around the World</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a> mentioned Horta in his fictional tales. </p><p>In works by Portuguese writers <a href="/wiki/Vitorino_Nem%C3%A9sio" title="Vitorino Nemésio">Vitorino Nemésio</a> (<i>O Corsário das Ilhas</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Raul_Brand%C3%A3o" title="Raul Brandão">Raul Brandão</a> (<i>As ilhas Desconhecidas</i>), Faial is a focus of the story. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_citizens">Notable citizens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable citizens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Arriaga" title="Manuel de Arriaga">Manuel de Arriaga</a> (1840-1917), the first <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of Portugal">President of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Branco" title="Maria Branco">Maria Branco</a> (1842–1887), Azorean midwife from Horta for the Dabney family</li> <li>Euclides Rosa (Horta, Azores; c.1910 - <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> c. 1979), engineer and artist, who worked for one of the early telegraph cable companies at the turn of the century, until 1946, when he abandoned his job to become an artist.<sup id="cite_ref-ERosa_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERosa-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognized as the <i>Mestre do "Miolo de Figueira"</i> (<i>Master of <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">Fig Tree</a> <a href="/wiki/Pith" title="Pith">Pith</a></i>) he was acclaimed for his complex and elaborate sculptures of pith/wood, with a permanent collection in the Museum of Horta (donated in 1980).<sup id="cite_ref-ERosa_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERosa-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-INE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INE_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFINE2010" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estat%C3%ADstica_(Portugal)" title="Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)">INE</a>, ed. (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=122114780&PUBLICACOESmodo=2"><i>Censos 2011 - Resultadas Preliminares</i></a> [<i>2011 Census - Preliminary Results</i>] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Nacional de Estatística<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censos+2011+-+Resultadas+Preliminares&rft.place=Lisbon%2C+Portugal&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estat%C3%ADstica&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_publicacoes%26PUBLICACOESpub_boui%3D122114780%26PUBLICACOESmodo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EC2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EC2013_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EC2013_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/activity/outermost/doc/plan_action_strategique_eu2020_acores_en.pdf">"Autonomous Region of the Azores: Action Plan 2014 – 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European Commission</i>. 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Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Geográfico Português: 104–119. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://62.48.187.114/snig-educ/atlas/atlas-8.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlas+of+Portugal&rft.atitle=Uma+Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o+que+se+Urbaniza&rft.pages=104-119&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Soares&rft.aufirst=Nuno+Pires&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F62.48.187.114%2Fsnig-educ%2Fatlas%2Fatlas-8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dabney-anthology-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dabney-anthology_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMónicaSilveira_e_Sousa2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mónica, Maria Filomena; Silveira e Sousa, Paulo, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horta+Climate+Normals+1961-1990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FPO%2F08506.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/po-horta.htm">"PORTUGAL - HORTA - ACORES"</a>. Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Imprensa Nacional - Casa da Moeda. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-27-0888-0" title="Special:BookSources/972-27-0888-0"><bdi>972-27-0888-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+Cors%C3%A1rio+das+Ilhas&rft.pub=Imprensa+Nacional+-+Casa+da+Moeda&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=972-27-0888-0&rft.aulast=Nem%C3%A9sio&rft.aufirst=Vitorino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211205841/https://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M9900">"Geminações de Cidades e Vilas"</a> (in Portuguese). Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M9900">the original</a> on 2019-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gemina%C3%A7%C3%B5es+de+Cidades+e+Vilas&rft.pub=Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nacional+de+Munic%C3%ADpios+Portugueses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anmp.pt%2Fanmp%2Fpro%2Fmun1%2Fgem101l0.php%3Fcod_ent%3DM9900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_Fremont" class="citation web cs1">City of Fremont. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503230610/http://ci.fremont.ca.us/AboutFremont/SisterCities/HortaPortugal.htm">"Horta, The Azores, Portugal"</a>. <i>Sister Cities</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.fremont.ca.us/AboutFremont/SisterCities/HortaPortugal.htm">the original</a> on 2009-05-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sister+Cities&rft.atitle=Horta%2C+The+Azores%2C+Portugal&rft.au=City+of+Fremont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.fremont.ca.us%2FAboutFremont%2FSisterCities%2FHortaPortugal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tribuna2012731-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tribuna2012731_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinheiro2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pinheiro, Marla (31 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunadasilhas.pt/index.php/local/item/4585-molhe-norte-do-porto-da-horta-inaugurado-amanh%C3%A3">"Molhe norte do porto da Horta inaugurado amanhã"</a> (in Portuguese). Horta (Azores), Portugal: Tribuna das Ilhas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Molhe+norte+do+porto+da+Horta+inaugurado+amanh%C3%A3&rft.place=Horta+%28Azores%29%2C+Portugal&rft.pub=Tribuna+das+Ilhas&rft.date=2012-07-31&rft.aulast=Pinheiro&rft.aufirst=Marla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribunadasilhas.pt%2Findex.php%2Flocal%2Fitem%2F4585-molhe-norte-do-porto-da-horta-inaugurado-amanh%25C3%25A3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tribuna2012728-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tribuna2012728_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tribuna2012728_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinheiro2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pinheiro, Marla (28 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunadasilhas.pt/index.php/local/item/4587-novo-molhe-norte-do-porto-da-horta-%C3%A9-%E2%80%9Cponto-de-viragem%E2%80%9D-do-transporte-mar%C3%ADtimo-no-tri%C3%A2ngulo">"Novo molhe norte do Porto da Horta é "ponto de viragem" do transporte marítimo no Triângulo"</a> (in Portuguese). Horta (Azores), Portugal: Tribuna das Ilhas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novo+molhe+norte+do+Porto+da+Horta+%C3%A9+%22ponto+de+viragem%22+do+transporte+mar%C3%ADtimo+no+Tri%C3%A2ngulo&rft.place=Horta+%28Azores%29%2C+Portugal&rft.pub=Tribuna+das+Ilhas&rft.date=2012-07-28&rft.aulast=Pinheiro&rft.aufirst=Marla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribunadasilhas.pt%2Findex.php%2Flocal%2Fitem%2F4587-novo-molhe-norte-do-porto-da-horta-%25C3%25A9-%25E2%2580%259Cponto-de-viragem%25E2%2580%259D-do-transporte-mar%25C3%25ADtimo-no-tri%25C3%25A2ngulo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azores.gov.pt/Portal/en/entidades/pgra-drcultura-mh/">"Horta Regional Museum"</a>. Government of the Azores Regional Directorate for Culture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horta+Regional+Museum&rft.pub=Government+of+the+Azores+Regional+Directorate+for+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azores.gov.pt%2FPortal%2Fen%2Fentidades%2Fpgra-drcultura-mh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ERosa-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ERosa_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERosa_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Atlantic View - Actividades Turísticas, Lda. (2003), p.65-66</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horta,_Azores&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdo2005" class="citation book cs1">Abdo, Joseph C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Lp1SGkYJkYC&dq=ON+the+Edge+of+History&pg=PA85"><i>On the Edge of History</i></a>. Lisbon, Portugal: Tenth Island Editions/Joseph C. Abdo Unipessoal, Lda. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-99858-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/972-99858-0-4"><bdi>972-99858-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Edge+of+History&rft.place=Lisbon%2C+Portugal&rft.pub=Tenth+Island+Editions%2FJoseph+C.+Abdo+Unipessoal%2C+Lda.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=972-99858-0-4&rft.aulast=Abdo&rft.aufirst=Joseph+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Lp1SGkYJkYC%26dq%3DON%2Bthe%2BEdge%2Bof%2BHistory%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBento2008" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bento, Carlos Melo (2008), <i>História dos Açores: Da descoberta a 1934</i> (in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: Câmara Municipal de Ponta Delgada</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B3ria+dos+A%C3%A7ores%3A+Da+descoberta+a+1934&rft.place=Ponta+Delgada+%28Azores%29%2C+Portugal&rft.pub=C%C3%A2mara+Municipal+de+Ponta+Delgada&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Bento&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Melo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHorta%2C+Azores" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parishes_of_Horta_municipality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parishes_of_Horta" title="Template:Parishes of Horta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parishes_of_Horta" title="Template talk:Parishes of Horta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parishes_of_Horta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parishes of Horta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parishes_of_Horta_municipality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parishes of <a href="/wiki/Horta_(Azores)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horta (Azores)">Horta</a> municipality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%BAstias" title="Angústias">Angústias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelo" title="Capelo">Capelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo_Branco_(Horta)" title="Castelo Branco (Horta)">Castelo Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedros_(Horta)" title="Cedros (Horta)">Cedros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(Horta)" title="Conceição (Horta)">Conceição</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteira_(Horta)" title="Feteira (Horta)">Feteira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamengos" title="Flamengos">Flamengos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriz_(Horta)" title="Matriz (Horta)">Matriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Miguel" title="Pedro Miguel">Pedro Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praia_do_Almoxarife" title="Praia do Almoxarife">Praia do Almoxarife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praia_do_Norte" title="Praia do Norte">Praia do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribeirinha_(Horta)" title="Ribeirinha (Horta)">Ribeirinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A3o" title="Salão">Salão</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HRT.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Horta"><img alt="Coat of arms of Horta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/HRT.png/25px-HRT.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/HRT.png/38px-HRT.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/HRT.png/50px-HRT.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Azores&#124;link=Azores_Municipalities_of_the_Azores_Autonomous_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Azores.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Azores.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Azores.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Azores.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Azores.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Azores.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></span> Municipalities of the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores Autonomous Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corvo_Island" title="Corvo Island">Corvo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vila_do_Corvo" title="Vila do Corvo">Vila do Corvo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Azores.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Azores"><img alt="Flag of the Azores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Azores.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Azores.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Azores.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Azores.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Azores.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Azores.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Faial_Island" title="Faial Island">Faial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Horta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flores_Island_(Azores)" title="Flores Island (Azores)">Flores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lajes_das_Flores" title="Lajes das Flores">Lajes das Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_das_Flores" title="Santa Cruz das Flores">Santa Cruz das Flores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graciosa" title="Graciosa">Graciosa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_da_Graciosa" title="Santa Cruz da Graciosa">Santa Cruz da Graciosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pico_Island" title="Pico Island">Pico</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lajes_do_Pico" title="Lajes do Pico">Lajes do Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madalena,_Azores" title="Madalena, Azores">Madalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Roque_do_Pico" title="São Roque do Pico">São Roque do Pico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Island" title="Santa Maria Island">Santa Maria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vila_do_Porto" title="Vila do Porto">Vila do Porto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Island" title="São Jorge Island">São Jorge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calheta,_Azores" title="Calheta, Azores">Calheta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velas,_Azores" title="Velas, Azores">Velas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island" title="São Miguel Island">São Miguel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagoa,_Azores" title="Lagoa, Azores">Lagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeste,_Azores" title="Nordeste, Azores">Nordeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povoa%C3%A7%C3%A3o,_Azores" title="Povoação, Azores">Povoação</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Grande,_Azores" title="Ribeira Grande, Azores">Ribeira Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Franca_do_Campo" title="Vila Franca do Campo">Vila Franca do Campo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terceira_Island" title="Terceira Island">Terceira</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praia_da_Vit%C3%B3ria" title="Praia da Vitória">Praia da Vitória</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q990385#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133897336">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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