CINXE.COM
Уикипедия
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="kk" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Уикипедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )kkwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"ymd","wgMonthNames":["","қаңтар","ақпан","наурыз","сәуір","мамыр","маусым","шілде","тамыз","қыркүйек","қазан","қараша","желтоқсан"],"wgRequestId":"c2dac62a-e38c-4839-be11-0bbb980a4df6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Басты_бет","wgTitle":"Басты бет","wgCurRevisionId":3404636,"wgRevisionId":3404636,"wgArticleId":1,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"kk","wgPageContentLanguage":"kk","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Басты_бет","wgRelevantArticleId":1,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"kk","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"kk"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5296","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FreezeTopRow":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","mediawiki.ui.button":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.QuestionForm","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=ext.gadget.FreezeTopRow&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/1200px-ErnestHemingway.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1498"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/800px-ErnestHemingway.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="999"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/640px-ErnestHemingway.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="799"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Уикипедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//kk.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Уикипедия (kk)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.kk"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Уикипедия Atom желісі" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Басты_бет page-Main_Page rootpage-Басты_бет skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Мазмұнға өту</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Басты мәзір" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Басты мәзір</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Басты мәзір</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шарлау </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бетті көру [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жоба туралы, мұнда немен айналысуға болатыны туралы, қай жерде не бары туралы"><span>Қауымдастық порталы</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Осы уикидегі жуықтағы өзгерістер тізімі. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Жуықтағы өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Соңғы бір айдағы басталған беттер тізімі, есім кеңістігі бойынша сүзгілеп көре аласыз."><span>Жаңа беттер</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Кездейсоқ бет жүктеу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Кездейсоқ бет</span></a></li><li id="n-videolesson" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедияны үйренуге қатысты YouTube-тағы видео сабақтар"><span>Видео сабақтар</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Анықтама табу орны."><span>Анықтама</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Уикипедия қатысушыларының форумы."><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-general-discussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Flow жұмыс легінде жұмыс істейтін Уикипедияның негізгі талқылау беті [4]" accesskey="4"><span>Талқылау легі</span></a></li><li id="n-telegram" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram" title="Қазақша Уикипедияға қатысты ең маңызды жаңалықтар мен мақалалар"><span>Телеграм арна</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Бұл беттегі қатені хабарлау"><span>Қателер туралы хабарлау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-kk.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Қазақша ашық энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-kk.svg" width="117" height="11" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Уикипедия жобасында іздеу [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Іздеу</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Уикипедия жобасынан іздеу" aria-label="Уикипедия жобасынан іздеу" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Уикипедия жобасында іздеу [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Арнайы:Іздеу"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Іздеу</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Жеке құралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Көрініс" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Көрініс</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk" class=""><span>Демеу беру</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес." class=""><span>Тіркелу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін талқылау [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eжабу\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"kk\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"width: 100% ! important; border: solid 1px lightblue; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EҚұрметті оқырман, қазақша Уикипедияның \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/25px-Telegram_logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/38px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/50px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003ETelegram арнасына\u003C/a\u003E жазыла аласыз\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Басты бет</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат кеңістіктері"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" rel="discussion" title="Мағлұмат бетті талқылау [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тіл нұсқасын ауыстыру" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">kk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Көріністер"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit" title="Бұл бет қорғалған. Оның кодын көре аласыз. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодын көру</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=history" title="Бұл беттін соңғы нұсқалары. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Құралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Құралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Әрекеттер </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit"><span>Кодын көру</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=history"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Жалпы </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мұнда сілтейтін барлық бет тізімі [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Мұнда сілтейтін беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" rel="nofollow" title="Осы жерден сілтенген беттердің жуықтағы өзгерістері [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Қатысты өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Барлық арнайы беттер тізімі [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Арнайы беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&oldid=3404636" title="Мына беттің осы нұсқасының тұрақты сілтемесі"><span>Тұрақты сілтеме</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=info" title="Бұл бет туралы көбірек мәлімет"><span>Бет ақпараты</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&id=3404636&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бұл беттен қалай дәйексөз алуға болатыны туралы мәлімет"><span>Беттен дәйексөз алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582"><span>URL мекенжайын қысқарту</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582"><span>QR код жүктеу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баспа/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ретінде жүктеп алу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Бұл беттің басып шығаруға арналған нұсқасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып шығару нұсқасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Басқа жобаларда </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Ортаққор</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-foundation mw-list-item"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Home" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Foundation</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-outreach mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Outreach</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Multilingual Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" hreflang="kk"><span>Уикикітап</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Уикидерек</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimania</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" hreflang="kk"><span>Уикидәйек</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" hreflang="kk"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрініс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2995077">.mw-parser-output .main-header{border-bottom-color:transparent;margin-bottom:0.25em;margin-top:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0}.mw-parser-output .main-plainlist>ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .main-plainlist li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right .mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-parser-output .main-top-right .mw-ui-quiet:focus,.mw-parser-output .main-footer .mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-parser-output .main-footer .mw-ui-quiet:focus{color:#0645ad}.mw-parser-output .mw-headline-number{display:none}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .main-wikimedia{padding-top:1rem;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .main-wrapper{display:flex;margin:0 -0.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-wrapper-column{flex:1;margin:0 0.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-wikimedia{padding-top:1rem;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .main-wrapper-column{width:55%}.mw-parser-output .main-wrapper-column+.main-wrapper-column{width:45%}.mw-parser-output .main-wrapper-column{flex:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only div{width:auto!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .main-box-header:after,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .main-top-header:after{border-bottom:0 solid transparent}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2995981">.mw-parser-output .main-top{font-size:1rem;margin-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-top-left>p{font-size:0.875em;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right{font-size:0.875em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right>ul{display:none;margin-top:0.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right .mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .main-top-header{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .main-top-articleCount{margin-bottom:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .main-top-articleCount{display:none}.mw-parser-output .main-top-mobileSearch{display:none;margin-top:1rem}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .main-top-mobileSearch{display:block}.mw-parser-output .main-top-mobileSearchButton{background:#fff;border:none;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);color:#72777d;font-weight:normal;max-width:none;text-align:left;width:100%}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .main-top{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.15);margin-bottom:1rem;padding:1rem}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right>ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .main-top-articleCount{margin-bottom:0.5rem}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .main-top-articleCount{display:block}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .main-top-mobileSearch{display:none}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .main-top{align-items:center;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Wikipedia_logo_letters_banner.svg");background-position:right;background-repeat:no-repeat;display:flex;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-top:0.5rem;padding:0 1.5rem 0 0}.mw-parser-output .main-top-left{background-image:linear-gradient(to right,#f8f9fa 0%,#f8f9fa 70%,rgba(248,249,250,0)100%);flex:2;padding:2rem 0 2rem 1.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right{flex:3;margin-top:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right>ul{align-items:center;flex-direction:row-reverse;margin-top:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .main-top-createArticle+li .mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{padding-right:1em}}body.skin-modern .mw-parser-output .main-top-header{line-height:1.8rem;font-size:1.8rem}</style> <div class="main-top"> <div class="main-top-left"> <h1 id="Уикипедияға_қош_келдіңіз!" class="main-top-header"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.8F.D2.93.D0.B0_.D2.9B.D0.BE.D1.88_.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B4.D1.96.D2.A3.D1.96.D0.B7.21"></span><span style="color:#000000"><b>Уикипедияға <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%88_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7!" title="Уикипедия:Уикипедияға қош келдіңіз!">қош келдіңіз!</a></b></span></h1> <p>Бұл <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Уикипедия:Мақала шеберханасы">кез келген адам еркін өңдей алатын</a><br />ашық әрі тегін энциклопедия. </p> </div> <div class="main-top-right main-plainlist"> <p class="main-top-articleCount">Қазір <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Қазақша Уикипедия">қазақ тілінде</a> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Арнайы:Санақ">238 296</a></b> мақала бар.</p> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Уикипедия:Мақала шеберханасы"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"><b>Мақала бастау</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Уикипедия:Елшілік"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Елшілік</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Портал:Шолу"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Порталдар</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Таныстыру"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Танысу</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Санаттар"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Санаттар</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper"> <div class="main-wrapper-column"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2998979">.mw-parser-output .main-box{background:#fff;border:solid #c8ccd1;border-width:1px 0;box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);margin:0 -1rem 1rem;padding:1rem}.mw-parser-output .main-box>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only>.main-box-content{margin:0.5rem -1rem 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only>.main-box-content img{height:auto;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .main-box-imageCaption{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-imageCaption>p{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-section{color:#72777d;line-height:1.25;margin-top:-.125em}.mw-parser-output .main-box-header{margin-top:-.15em}.mw-parser-output .main-box-header a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .main-box-section+.main-box-header{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .main-box-header a:focus,.mw-parser-output .main-box:hover .main-box-header a,.mw-parser-output .main-box:hover .main-featuredLists-item>a{color:#0645ad}.mw-parser-output .main-footer{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin-top:1rem;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .main-footer:empty{display:none}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-actions{flex:1}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-actions>ul{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menu{align-items:stretch;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuToggle{align-items:center;display:flex;float:none;height:100%;opacity:0.87}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuToggle:hover{opacity:0.51}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuDropdown{background:#fff;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);max-width:15em;position:absolute;right:0;top:100%;z-index:100}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuDropdown .mw-ui-button{text-align:left;width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatright{float:none;margin-left:-1rem;margin-right:-1rem;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatleft>a,.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatright>a{display:block}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .main-box{border-radius:2px;border-width:1px;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .main-box{margin-bottom:1rem;padding:1rem}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only>.main-box-content{margin-left:-1rem;margin-right:-1rem}}</style> <div id="main-tfa" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><div id="Таңдаулы_мақала" class="main-box-section">Таңдаулы мақала</div><h2 id="Эрнест_Хемингуэй" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82_.D0.A5.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B3.D1.83.D1.8D.D0.B9"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй">Эрнест Хемингуэй</a></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2996331">.mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile:nth-child(2n){display:none}.mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:ErnestHemingway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй"><img alt="Эрнест Хемингуэй" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/150px-ErnestHemingway.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/225px-ErnestHemingway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/300px-ErnestHemingway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption>Эрнест Хемингуэй</figcaption></figure></span><span class="mobile"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:ErnestHemingway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй"><img alt="Эрнест Хемингуэй" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg" decoding="async" width="1500" height="1873" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption>Эрнест Хемингуэй</figcaption></figure></span></span> <p><b>Эрнест Миллер Хемингуэй</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ағылшын тілі">ағылш.</a> <span lang="en"><i>Ernest Miller Hemingway</i></span>; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/21_%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="21 шілде">21 шілде</a> <a href="/wiki/1899_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1899 жыл">1899</a><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">18990721</span>)</span></span>, Оук-Парк, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс">Иллинойс</a> — <a href="/wiki/2_%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="2 шілде">2 шілде</a> <a href="/wiki/1961_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1961 жыл">1961</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE)" title="Кэтчам (Айдахо)">Кэтчам</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Айдахо">Айдахо</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Құрама Штаттары">АҚШ</a>) — америкалық жазушы, журналист, 1954 жылғы <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Әдебиет саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы">Әдебиет бойынша Нобель сыйлығының лауреаты</a>. </p><p>Әдебиет тарихында <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Жоғалған ұрпақ">жоғалған ұрпақ</a> деп аталып кеткен ағымның басты өкілі ретінде осы Хемингуэйды атауға болады. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Бірінші дүниежүзілік соғыс">Бірінші дүниежүзілік соғыс</a> салдарынан сенімдерінен айырылып, махаббаттарын жоғалтып, сенделіп, мəңгіріп қалған жазушы-ақындар шығармаларында сол заманның пессимистік келбетін бейнелеген. </p><p>Жеті роман жазып, төрт әйелмен бас құраған, үш соғысты көрген, екі рет қатерлі ұшақ апатынан аман қалған жазушы отбасының ортаншысы еді. Майдан кешкен жан бола тұрып, соғыстың қатыгез картинасын емес, оның салдарынан зардап шеккендердің «бейбіт өмірін» басынан өткізді. Кейіпкерлерін табанды, батыл, жаужүрек қылып көрсете білді. </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Оқу </span></a></li> <li><span class="nomobile"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Таңдаулы мақалалар"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Барлық таңдаулы мақала </span></a></span></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-tfa" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-tfa"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Таңдаулы мақалаға үміткерлер"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үміткерлер </span></a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Алдыңғылар:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Қымыз"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Қымыз </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Қара құрдым"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Қара құрдым </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%98%D0%92/%D0%96%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%A1" title="АИВ/ЖИТС"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> АИВ/ЖИТС </span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-tga" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><div id="Жақсы_мақала" class="main-box-section">Жақсы мақала</div><h2 id="Биология" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология">Биология</a></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2996331"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/150px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/225px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/300px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption><i>Escherichia coli</i></figcaption></figure></span><span class="mobile"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/220px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/330px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/440px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption><i>Escherichia coli</i></figcaption></figure></span></span> <p><b>Биология</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ежелгі грек тілі">көне грекше</a>: <span lang="grc" style="font-family: Athena Unicode, Gentium, Palatino Linotype, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Code2000; font-size: 110%;"><span lang="grc">βιολογία</span></span>; <span lang="grc"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">βίος</span></span> – өмір + <span lang="grc"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">λόγος</span></span> – ғылым) — тірі ағзаларды және олардың тіршілік ету процестерін зерттейтін <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Ғылым">ғылым</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Жаратылыстану ғылымдары">Жаратылыстану ғылымдарының</a> бір саласы. </p><p>Ол <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Тіршілік">тіршілік</a> құбылыстарының бәрін, тірі ағзалардың құрылысы мен қызметін, олардың табиғи бірлестіктерін, таралуын, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эволюция">эволюциясын</a>, өзара бір-бірімен және өлі табиғатпен байланысын зерттейді. Биологияның негізгі міндеті — бүкіл <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Органикалық дүние">органикалық дүниенің</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жануарлар">жануарлардың</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Өсімдіктер">өсімдіктердің</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Саңырауқұлақтар">саңырауқұлақтардың</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бактериялар">бактериялардың</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Вирустар">вирустардың</a>) қасиеттерін, пайда болуы мен даму заңдылықтарын зерттеу арқылы жалпы тіршіліктің мәнін анықтау, оны басқару, мақсатқа сай өзгерту әдістерін табу. </p><p>Биологияның жалпы халық шаруашылығында, әсіресе <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина">медицина</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ауыл шаруашылығы">ауыл шаруашылығында</a> маңызы аса зор. </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Оқу </span></a></li> <li><span class="nomobile"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Жақсы мақалалар"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Барлық жақсы мақала </span></a></span></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-tga" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-tga"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Жақсы мақалаға үміткерлер"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үміткерлер </span></a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Алдыңғылар:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Бауыржан Момышұлы"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Бауыржан Момышұлы </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Қымыз"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Қымыз </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Үйде жалғыз қалғанда"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үйде жалғыз қалғанда </span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-potd" class="main-box main-box-image-only"><h2 id="Тәулік_суреті" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.A2.D3.99.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.BA_.D1.81.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.82.D1.96"></span>Тәулік суреті</h2> <div class="main-box-content"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Gjipe_beach,_Albania.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-28 (kk)"><img alt="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-28 (kk)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gjipe_beach%2C_Albania.JPG/700px-Gjipe_beach%2C_Albania.JPG" decoding="async" width="700" height="467" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gjipe_beach%2C_Albania.JPG/1050px-Gjipe_beach%2C_Albania.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gjipe_beach%2C_Albania.JPG/1400px-Gjipe_beach%2C_Albania.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:Potd/2024-11-28_(kk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-28 (kk) (мұндай бет жоқ)">Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-28 (kk)</a></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div id="mw-customcollapsible-potd" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-potd"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Уикипедия:Тәулік суреті"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үлгіні көру</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:Potd/2024-11-28_(kk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-28 (kk) (мұндай бет жоқ)"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Сипаттама жазу</span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-wmfsp" class="main-box"><h2 id="Уикимедиа_қорының_басқа_да_жобалары" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.B0_.D2.9B.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.81.D2.9B.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.B6.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Уикимедиа қоры">Уикимедиа қорының</a> басқа да <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_projects" class="extiw" title="meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia projects">жобалары</a></h2> <table style="background:transparent; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Ортаққор"><img alt="Ортаққор" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Ортаққор</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="commons:Басты бет">Ортаққор</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық файлдар қоры</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикисөздік"><img alt="Уикисөздік" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикисөздік</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:kk:Басты бет">Уикисөздік</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық сөздікқор</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикидерек"><img alt="Уикидерек" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикидерек</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Wikidata:Басты бет">Уикидерек</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық дерек базасы</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикикітап"><img alt="Уикикітап" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикикітап</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="b:Басты бет">Уикикітап</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық кітап пен оқулық қоры</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикихабар"><img alt="Уикихабар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикихабар</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="n:Басты бет">Уикихабар</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық жаңалықтар</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикидәйек"><img alt="Уикидәйек" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикидәйек</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="q:Басты бет">Уикидәйек</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Дәйексөз жинағы</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикиқайнар"><img alt="Уикиқайнар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикиқайнар</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="s:Басты бет">Уикиқайнар</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық кітапхана</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикитүрлер"><img alt="Уикитүрлер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикитүрлер</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Басты бет">Уикитүрлер</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Түрлер тізімдемесі</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикисабақ"><img alt="Уикисабақ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикисабақ</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="v:Басты бет">Уикисабақ</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Білім қоры</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikivoyage.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикисаяхат"><img alt="Уикисаяхат" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикисаяхат</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikivoyage.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="voy:kk:Басты бет">Уикисаяхат</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Жиһанкез нұсқаулығы</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82/kk" title="MetaWiki"><img alt="MetaWiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>MetaWiki</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82/kk" class="extiw" title="m:Басты бет/kk">MetaWiki</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Жобаларды үйлестіру</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="МедиаУики"><img alt="МедиаУики" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/30px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/45px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/60px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>МедиаУики</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="mw:Басты бет">МедиаУики</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Уики бағдарламалық жасақтама</div> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear: both"></div> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper-column"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-" class="main-box"><h2 id="Жаңалықтар" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.96.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D2.9B.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Жаңалықтар</h2> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Портал:Ағымдағы оқиғалар">Ағымдағы оқиғалар:</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%E2%88%92%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Израиль−Хамас соғысы">Израиль−Хамас соғысы</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%E2%88%92%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Израиль−Хамас соғысының хронологиясы">хронологиясы</a>)</span> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96" title="Ресейдің Украинаға басып кіруі">Ресейдің Украинаға басып кіруі</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B_(2022_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF)" title="Ресейдің Украинаға басып кіру хронологиясы (2022 жылдан бастап)">хронологиясы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(2024)" title="Курск облысындағы шайқастар (2024)">Курск облысындағы шайқастар</a>)</span> </p> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:2024-08-25_Motorsport,_Formel_1,_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_(headshot).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Макс Ферстаппен"><img alt="Макс Ферстаппен" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg/100px-2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg/150px-2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg/200px-2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1195" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>Макс Ферстаппен</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="24 қараша">24 қараша</a> — Нидерландтық <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Макс Ферстаппен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Макс Ферстаппен</a> (<i>суретте</i>) төртінші рет қатарынан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0-1" title="Формула-1">Формула-1</a> чемпионатын жеңді.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="21 қараша">21 қараша</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Халықаралық қылмыстық сот">Халықаралық қылмыстық сот</a> Израиль премьер-министрі <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83" title="Беньямин Нетаньяху">Беньямин Нетаньяхуны</a> және Израильдің бұрынғы қорғаныс министрі <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Йоав Галант">Йоав Галантты</a> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Халықаралық қылмыстық соттың Израиль тұлғаларын қамауға алу ордерлері">қамауға алу ордерін</a></b> шығарды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="16 қараша">16 қараша</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузия">Грузиялық</a> әнші <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Андрия Путкарадзе (мұндай бет жоқ)">Андрия Путкарадзе</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Junior_Eurovision_%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B_2024" title="Junior Eurovision ән байқауы 2024">Junior Eurovision 2024 ән байқауында</a></b> «To My Mom» әнімен жеңіске жетті.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="13 қараша">13 қараша</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия">Түркия</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Израиль">Израильмен</a> барлық қатынастарды үзді.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="5 қараша">5 қараша</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп">Дональд Трамп</a> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="2024 АҚШ президент сайлауы">АҚШ президент сайлауында жеңді</a></b> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8)" title="Республикалық партия (АҚШ)">Республикашылдар</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="АҚШ Сенаты">АҚШ Сенатында</a> көпшілікке ие болды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="28 қазан">28 қазан</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания">Испания</a> футболисті <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Родриго Эрнандес">Родри</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF_(France_Football)" title="Алтын доп (France Football)">Алтын доп</a> иегері атанды.</li></ul> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Үлгі:Басты бет/Жаңалықтар"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Қарау </span></a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><h2 id="Білгенге_маржан" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.91.D1.96.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B5_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B6.D0.B0.D0.BD"></span>Білгенге маржан</h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> компаниясының алғашқы логотипінде <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Исаак Ньютон">Исаак Ньютонның</a> суреті болған.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a> жолаушыларға берілетін салаттың құрамынан <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Зәйтүн">зәйтүнді</a> алып тастап, 40 000$ үнемдеген.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Қазақстан қазақтарының аттас-тектестер тізімі">Қазақстан қазақтарының ең көп аттас-тектестер</a> Серік Ахметов және Айзере Серік.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазерлік принтер">Лазерлік принтердің</a> алғашқы істейтін прототипі 1972 жылы жасалды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Третьяков галереясы">Третьяков галереясының</a> ішінде де бір <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%96%D0%B7_%D2%AF%D0%B9_(%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2)" title="Киіз үй (Мәмбеев)">киіз үй</a> бар.</li> <li>Гармония тынысын <a href="/wiki/Classic_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE)" title="Classic (радио)">радиодан</a> да естіп алуға болады.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хамелеон">Хамелеондардың</a> түс өзгерте алуы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Меланосома">меланосомалардың</a> әрекетіне байланысты.</li></ul> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0:%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D2%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80/2024" title="Жоба:Білгенге маржан/Ұсыныстар/2024"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Ұсыну </span></a></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0:%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Жоба:Білгенге маржан/Мұрағат"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Мұрағат</span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-mp-otd" class="main-box"><div id="Күндерек" class="main-box-section">Күндерек</div><h2 id="28_қараша" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id="28_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.B0"></span>28 қараша</h2> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Мейрамдар"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Мейрамдар</h4></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap" data-sort-value="Албания"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Албания"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Албания"><span class="wrap">Албания</span></a></span>, Тәуелсіздік күні</li> <li><span class="nowrap" data-sort-value="Панама"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/33px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/44px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама"><span class="wrap">Панама</span></a></span>, Тәуелсіздік күні</li> <li><span class="nowrap" data-sort-value="Мавритания"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мавритания"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мавритания"><span class="wrap">Мавритания</span></a></span>, Тәуелсіздік күні</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Фридрих Энгельс"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Engels.jpg/100px-Engels.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Engels.jpg/150px-Engels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Engels.jpg/200px-Engels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Александр Александрович Блок"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alexander_Blok.jpeg/100px-Alexander_Blok.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alexander_Blok.jpeg/150px-Alexander_Blok.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alexander_Blok.jpeg/200px-Alexander_Blok.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Оқиғалар"><span id=".D0.9E.D2.9B.D0.B8.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Оқиғалар</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964" class="mw-redirect" title="1964">1964</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81" title="Марс">Марсқа</a> американ автоматты станциясы «Маринер-4» ұшырылды.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Туғандар"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.83.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Туғандар</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1118" class="mw-redirect" title="1118">1118</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB_I_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мануил I Комнин">Мануил I Комнин</a>, византиялық император (1143 - 80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1757" class="mw-redirect" title="1757">1757</a> — Уильям Блейк, ағылшын ақыны және суретші.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820" class="mw-redirect" title="1820">1820</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Фридрих Энгельс">Фридрих Энгельс</a>, философ, коммунистік идеологияның негізін қалаушы.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880" class="mw-redirect" title="1880">1880</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Александр Александрович Блок">Александр Блок</a>, орыс ақыны.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">1881</a> — Стефан Цвейг, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Австрия">Австрия</a> жазушысы.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894" class="mw-redirect" title="1894">1894</a> — Аркадий Фидлер, поляк жазушысы.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Қайтыс_болғандар"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.82.D1.8B.D1.81_.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BB.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Қайтыс болғандар</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1859" class="mw-redirect" title="1859">1859</a> — Вашингтон Ирвинг (1783), американдық жазушы.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Карл Эрнст фон Бэр">Карл Эрнст фон Бэр</a>, эмбриология мен салыстырмалы анатомияның негізін қалаушылардың бірі.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a> — Йоханн Хитторф, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион">иондарды</a> ашқан неміс физигі.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a> — Джеймс Нейсмит, (1861), <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Баскетбол">баскетбол</a> ойының тапқан адам .</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954" class="mw-redirect" title="1954">1954</a> — Энрико Ферми, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a> физигі, 1938 жылғы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Нобель сыйлығы">Нобель сыйлығының</a> лауреаты.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014" class="mw-redirect" title="2014">2014</a> - <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%88%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Әшірбек Төребайұлы Сығай">Әшірбек Төребайұлы Сығай</a> (Сығаев) -театр сыншысы, Қазақстан Республикасы Мемлекеттік сыйлығының лауреаты, Қазақстанның еңбек сіңірген өнер қайраткері.</li></ul> <div style="text-align: right;"><small>Қазір 8:41 pm, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Бейсенбі">Бейсенбі</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="28 қараша">28 қараша</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2024 жыл">2024</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:00" title="UTC+5:00">UTC+5</a>) – <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=purge">Бетті жаңалау</a></span></small></div> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <p><a href="/wiki/28_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="28 қараша"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Қарау </span></a> </p> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-mp-otd" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-mp-otd"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <p><a href="/wiki/27_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="27 қараша"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> 27 қараша </span></a> <a href="/wiki/29_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="29 қараша"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> 29 қараша </span></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Жыл күндерінің тізімі"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Жыл күндерінің тізімі</span></a> </p> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-wiki" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><h2 id="Қараша__айына_ортақ_жұмыс" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.B0.0A_.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D2.9B_.D0.B6.D2.B1.D0.BC.D1.8B.D1.81"></span>Қараша айына ортақ жұмыс</h2> <p>Таңдалмаған. Оны сіз де жасай аласыз! </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li>Осы айдың бітуіне <b>2</b> күн қалды. — <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=purge">Бетті жаңалау</a></span></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-wiki" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-wiki"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Айдың ортақ жұмысына үміткерлер"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үміткерлер</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Уикипедия:Айдың ортақ жұмысына үміткерлер/Мұрағат"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Мұрағат</span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7fc47fc68d‐zvxt5 Cached time: 20241128154127 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.294 seconds Real time usage: 0.378 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2305/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 94590/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 40644/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24457/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.013/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 919430/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 230.626 1 -total 83.07% 191.592 8 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Бөлім 32.55% 75.068 12 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Түйін 26.67% 61.515 5 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Таңдаулы 15.02% 34.643 1 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Кіріспе 13.28% 30.620 16 Үлгі:Нақтылаусыз_тақырып 9.80% 22.595 1 Уикипедия:Бүгін/28_қараша 6.79% 15.669 5 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Жақсы 5.81% 13.402 23 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Мәзір 4.72% 10.895 1 Үлгі:Айдың_ортақ_жұмысы/Асты --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key kkwiki:pcache:1:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128154127 and revision id 3404636. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Басты_бет&oldid=3404636">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Басты_бет&oldid=3404636</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санат</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар">Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 50 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="қарашай-балқар тілі" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="қарашай-балқар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="саха тілі" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="түрікмен тілі" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түрікмен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2024 ж. қарашаның 24, 22:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясы</a> аясында қолжетімді; қосымша шарттар қолданылуы мүмкін. Бұл сайтты қолдану арқылы <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қолдану шарты</a> және <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Құпиялық саясатымен</a> келісесіз. Wikipedia® <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> коммерциялық емес ұйымының тіркелген сауда маркасы.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Құпиялық саясаты</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B">Уикипедия туралы</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83">Жауапкершіліктен бас тарту</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Тәртіп кодексі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Әзірлеушілер</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/kk.wikipedia.org">Статистикалар</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie мәлімдемесі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//kk.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мобильді көрініс</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"mediawiki.ui.button\".\n[1.41] Please use Codex. See migration guidelines: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-9nkv7","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.294","walltime":"0.378","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2305,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":94590,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":40644,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24457,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 230.626 1 -total"," 83.07% 191.592 8 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Бөлім"," 32.55% 75.068 12 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Түйін"," 26.67% 61.515 5 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Таңдаулы"," 15.02% 34.643 1 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Кіріспе"," 13.28% 30.620 16 Үлгі:Нақтылаусыз_тақырып"," 9.80% 22.595 1 Уикипедия:Бүгін/28_қараша"," 6.79% 15.669 5 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Жақсы"," 5.81% 13.402 23 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Мәзір"," 4.72% 10.895 1 Үлгі:Айдың_ортақ_жұмысы/Асты"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.013","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":919430,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-zvxt5","timestamp":"20241128154127","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0411\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0442","url":"https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-03T10:36:31Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T17:03:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/28\/ErnestHemingway.jpg","headline":"\u0423\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430 \u0436\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0456"}</script> </body> </html>