Von Floppy Disks, USB-Sticks und Laufwerken

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border-left: 4px #ED6363 solid; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 10px; padding: 6px 7px; color:#000; display: inline-block;} .post_tags a:hover { background-color:#ED6363;} </style> <div id="content"> <div class="container" style="margin-top:100px !important;"> <div class="content_left_single"> <article class="post_box" id="post-18158" class="post-18158 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-einblick category-provenienz tag-provenienz tag-sammlung tag-tiefenbohrung"> <h1>Von Floppy Disks, USB-Sticks und Laufwerken</h1> <div style="float:right;">5. November 2024</div> <div class="autor">von Ramon Voges</div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Digitale Nachlässe im Museum</h2> <p><em>Unter den herkömmlichen analogen Beständen, die das Museum entweder als Vor- oder Nachlass von Buchkünstlerinnen, Typographen, Illustratorinnen oder Buchhistorikern erhält, befinden sich seit einigen Jahren immer mehr elektronische Artefakte und digitale Objekte. Sie stellen das Museum vor ganz neue Herausforderung hinsichtlich ihrer sicheren Aufbewahrung, Erschließung und Bereitstellung für Besucherinnen und Besucher. Je nach Beschaffenheit der Objekte ergeben sich Nutzungsszenarien, für die das Museum in Zukunft neue Wege beschreiten wird.</em></p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_11-1024x683.jpg" alt="Auf einem Tisch liegen ein Computer, Kabel, Floppy Disks und diverse andere digitale Speichermedien." class="wp-image-18214" style="width:505px;height:auto" srcset="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_11-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_11-400x267.jpg 400w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_11-768x512.jpg 768w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_11-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_11-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_11-1320x880.jpg 1320w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Der digitale Nachlass von Hildegard Korger / Foto: DNB / Christine Hartmann</figcaption></figure></div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Den Schatz bewahren</h2> <p>2019 wendet sich ein Leipziger Verleger und Buchhistoriker an das Deutsche Buch- und Schriftmuseum. In über 30 Jahren hat er unzählige Quellen zur Geschichte von Verlegern, Druckern und Buchhändlern zusammengetragen, die ihrem Gewerbe in der Messe- und Buchstadt Leipzig nachgegangen sind. In etlichen Aufsätzen, Buchbeiträgen und Nachschlagewerken hat er dieses Material verarbeitet oder für seine Lehrveranstaltungen zur Geschichte des Buchwesens genutzt. Er hat, in anderen Worten, während seiner jahrzehntelangen Beschäftigung mit den Themen, um die es tagtäglich auch im Museum geht, einen unschätzbaren Wissensschatz angesammelt. Allerdings liegen die Quellen und Dokumente ausschließlich digital vor, entweder als PDFs oder als Word-Dateien. Wie lässt sich dieser Schatz für zukünftige Generationen bewahren, wie nachnutzen? Mit dieser Frage tritt er an das Museum heran und bietet ihm seine Datensammlung als Teil-Vorlass an.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignleft size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="790" height="1024" src="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-790x1024.jpg" alt="Auf einem weißen Untergrund liegen mehrere Floppy Disks." class="wp-image-18215" style="width:358px;height:auto" srcset="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-790x1024.jpg 790w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-309x400.jpg 309w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-768x995.jpg 768w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-1185x1536.jpg 1185w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-1580x2048.jpg 1580w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-1320x1711.jpg 1320w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_13-scaled.jpg 1975w" sizes="(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Floppy Disks speichern Daten, Nachlass Hildegard Korger / Foto: DNB / Christine Hartmann</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Mit Daten hat das Deutsche Buch- und Schriftmuseum als Teil einer der bedeutendsten Bibliotheken des Landes zwar umfangreiche Erfahrungen. Immerhin gelangt mittlerweile ein Großteil der abgelieferten Medien auf elektronischem Wege in die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek: Im Jahr 2021 gehen täglich etwa 9.600 Werken ein, davon knapp 6.000 als digitale Veröffentlichungen.<sup data-fn="55186e03-45a5-401b-acb8-a586ee86b4d1" class="fn"><a href="#55186e03-45a5-401b-acb8-a586ee86b4d1" id="55186e03-45a5-401b-acb8-a586ee86b4d1-link">1</a></sup> Auch das Dokumentieren und sichere Verwahren von Vor- und Nachlässen gehören ebenso zum Standardgeschäft wie ihre Nutzbarmachung für Besucherinnen und Besucher. Die museale Bestandserhaltung, Erschließung und Bereitstellung sowohl für die Benutzung als auch Vermittlungsarbeit orientiert sich aber bislang vor allem an analogen, handfest vorliegenden Medienwerken.</p> <div style="height:0px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Elektronische Speichermedien</h2> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="683" height="1024" src="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-683x1024.jpg" alt="Aufeinandergestapelte Floppy Disks liegen auf einem einfarbigen Untergrund." class="wp-image-18216" style="width:291px;height:auto" srcset="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-683x1024.jpg 683w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-267x400.jpg 267w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-1320x1980.jpg 1320w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nachlass_digital_Korger_18-scaled.jpg 1707w" sizes="(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Ein beliebtes Speichermedium; auf Floppy Disks lassen sich alle möglichen Dinge absichern; aus dem Nachlass von Hildegard Korger / Foto: DNB / Christine Hartmann</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Seit einigen Jahren enthalten die Vor- und Nachlässe, die dem Museum überantwortet werden, immer mehr elektronische Artefakte, angefangen bei mittlerweile nahezu in Vergessenheit geratenen Floppy Disks über USB-Sticks und einzelnen Laufwerken hin zu ganzen Rechnern. So befindet sich zum Beispiel im Nachlass der Schriftgestalterin und Typographie-Professorin Hildegard Korger ein alter Mac, der sich nicht mehr einschalten lässt, weil sein Akku inzwischen ausgelaufen ist.</p> <p>Elektronische Speichermedien wie dieses stellen das Museum vor neue Herausforderungen. Denn die Daten, die sich auf ihnen befinden, müssen von den Sammlungsleiterinnen und –leitern gesichtet werden, ohne sie dabei zu verändern. Hier sind besondere Vorkehrungen zu treffen, zum Beispiel können Disketten oder USB-Sticks mithilfe eines in der IT-Forensik eingesetzten Geräts, eines sogenannten Write Blockers, ausgelesen werden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich Hardware-seitig ein nachträgliches Beschreiben des Datenträgers technisch unterbinden und damit sicherstellen, dass beispielsweise die Zeitangaben, wann auf die Dateien zuletzt zugriffen wurde, unverändert bleiben. Außerdem müssen von den Datenträgern exakte Abbilder erzeugt werden, die auch dann noch die Daten vorhalten, wenn die originalen Speichermedien, wie der Mac von Hildegard Korger, längst nicht mehr funktionstüchtig sind.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="759" src="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Bildschirmfoto-vom-2022-07-12-15-21-57-1024x759.jpg" alt="Auf einem schwarzen Computerbildschirm ist farbige Schrift zu sehen." class="wp-image-18213" style="width:478px;height:auto" srcset="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Bildschirmfoto-vom-2022-07-12-15-21-57-1024x759.jpg 1024w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Bildschirmfoto-vom-2022-07-12-15-21-57-400x296.jpg 400w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Bildschirmfoto-vom-2022-07-12-15-21-57-768x569.jpg 768w, https://blog.dnb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Bildschirmfoto-vom-2022-07-12-15-21-57.jpg 1027w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Programmieren mit Python; hier werden zahlreiche Daten verarbeitet / Screenshot: DNB, 2022</figcaption></figure></div> <p> Es geht also darum, die Daten von ihrem ursprünglichen Träger zu lösen, um sie für unbegrenzte Zeit vorzuhalten und zu bewahren. So legen sie verlässlich Zeugnis von ihrer Herkunft ab, selbst wenn sich die ursprünglichen Speichermedien nicht mehr auslesen lassen. Nachdem die Daten in ihrer originalen Form gesichert worden sind, können abschließend Kopien von ihnen weiterverarbeitet, in andere Dateiformate exportiert und für die interessierte Öffentlichkeit nutzbargemacht werden.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Im digitalen Zeitalter</h2> <p>So ist vorstellbar, in Zukunft Besucherinnen und Besuchern eine virtualisierte Version des Arbeitsrechners von Hildegard Korger zur Verfügung zu stellen, anhand derer sie der Typographin gleichsam beim Arbeiten über die Schultern schauen können. Und die Forschungsdaten des Leipziger Buchhistorikers können Eingang finden in eine frei zugängliche Datenbank, die auf digitalem Wege Auskunft gibt über die Buchkultur vergangener Jahrhunderte.</p> <p>Für das Museum stellt sich also angesichts der digitaler werdenden Vor- und Nachlässe die Aufgabe, neue Wege zu finden, um seiner althergebrachten Verpflichtung weiter gerecht werden zu können: nicht nur ein Schaufenster der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek zu sein, sondern auch eine Dokumentations- und Forschungsstätte zur Buch- und Schriftkultur – auch im digitalen Zeitalter.</p> <p class="has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background">Dieser Beitrag ist ein Kapitel aus der Publikation „<a href="https://d-nb.info/1251502849" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tiefenbohrung. Eine andere Provenienzgeschichte</a>“. Infos zum Gesamtprojekt zur Provenienzgeschichte des Deutschen Buch- und Schriftmuseums sind hier zu finden: <a href="https://www.dnb.de/DE/Ueber-uns/DBSM/Tiefenbohrung/tiefenbohrung_node.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dnb.de/tiefenbohrung</a>. </p> <div class="boilerplate"> <div class="boilerplate-text"> <h2>Ramon Voges</h2> <p>Dr. Ramon Voges war bis Herbst 2024 stellvertretender Leiter des Deutschen Buch- und Schriftmuseums. </p> </div> </div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <ol class="wp-block-footnotes"><li id="55186e03-45a5-401b-acb8-a586ee86b4d1">Die aktuellen Zahlen bietet en detail der Jahresbericht der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek, abrufbar über deren Internetauftritt: <a href="https://www.dnb.de/DE/Ueber-uns/Publikationen/publikationen_node.html">https://www.dnb.de/DE/Ueber-uns/Publikationen/publikationen_node.html</a>. <a href="#55186e03-45a5-401b-acb8-a586ee86b4d1-link" aria-label="Zur Fußnotenreferenz 1 navigieren">↩︎</a></li></ol> <div><span style='margin-right:10px;'>*Nachweis Beitragsbild auf der Startseite:</span>DNB / Christine Hartmann</div> <div class="post_tags_cont"><h3>Beiträge mit ähnlichen Inhalten finden Sie unter:</h3><div class="post_tags"><a href="https://blog.dnb.de/schlagwort/provenienz/" rel="tag">Provenienz</a> <a href="https://blog.dnb.de/schlagwort/sammlung/" rel="tag">Sammlung</a> <a href="https://blog.dnb.de/schlagwort/tiefenbohrung/" rel="tag">Tiefenbohrung</a></div></div> </article> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="home_blog_box"> <div class="comments_cont"> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Schreibe einen Kommentar <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/digitale-nachlaesse/#respond" style="display:none;">Antworten abbrechen</a></small></h3><form action="https://blog.dnb.de/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" 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