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<span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Repository_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repository_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Repository types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repository_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Berkeley_DB_(deprecated)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berkeley_DB_(deprecated)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Berkeley DB (deprecated)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berkeley_DB_(deprecated)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FSFS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FSFS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>FSFS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FSFS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FSX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FSX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>FSX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FSX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repository_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repository_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Repository access</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repository_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Layers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filesystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filesystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Filesystem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filesystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branching_and_tagging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branching_and_tagging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Branching and tagging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branching_and_tagging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitations_and_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitations_and_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Limitations and problems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Limitations_and_problems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Limitations and problems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Limitations_and_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subversion_tags_and_branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subversion_tags_and_branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Subversion tags and branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subversion_tags_and_branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_and_implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_and_implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Development and implementation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_and_implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apache Subversion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86" title="أباتشي سبفيرجن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أباتشي سبفيرجن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Subversion (софтуер) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Subversion (софтуер)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(software)" title="Subversion (software) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subversion (software)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%98%D9%86" title="آپاچی ساب‌ورژن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپاچی ساب‌ورژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8C%8C%EC%B9%98_%EC%84%9C%EB%B8%8C%EB%B2%84%EC%A0%84" title="아파치 서브버전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아파치 서브버전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8" title="सबवर्ज़न – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सबवर्ज़न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="അപ്പാച്ചെ സബ്‌വെർഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അപ്പാച്ചെ സബ്‌വെർഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சப்வேர்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சப்வேர்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Apache Subversion" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Subversion" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Apache Subversion</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apache_Subversion_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Apache_Subversion_logo.svg/220px-Apache_Subversion_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Apache_Subversion_logo.svg/330px-Apache_Subversion_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Apache_Subversion_logo.svg/440px-Apache_Subversion_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CollabNet" title="CollabNet">CollabNet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">20 October 2000<span class="noprint">; 24 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2000-10-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk/">svn<wbr />.apache<wbr />.org<wbr />/repos<wbr />/asf<wbr />/subversion<wbr />/trunk<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46794#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centos" class="mw-redirect" title="Centos">Centos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/OpenSUSE" title="OpenSUSE">openSUSE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE Linux</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">Revision control</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache-2.0</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/">subversion<wbr />.apache<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46794?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Apache Subversion</b> (often abbreviated <b>SVN</b>, after its command name <i>svn</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Version_control" title="Version control">version control</a> system distributed as <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Software developers use Subversion to maintain current and historical versions of files such as <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>, web pages, and documentation. Its goal is to be a mostly compatible successor to the widely used <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">Concurrent Versions System</a> (CVS). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> community has used Subversion widely: for example, in projects such as <a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a>, and from 2006 to 2019, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a>. <a href="/wiki/CodePlex" title="CodePlex">CodePlex</a> was previously a common host for Subversion repositories. </p><p>Subversion was created by <a href="/wiki/CollabNet" title="CollabNet">CollabNet</a> Inc. in 2000, and is now a top-level Apache project being built and used by a global community of contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CollabNet" title="CollabNet">CollabNet</a> founded the Subversion project in 2000 as an effort to write an open-source version-control system which operated much like <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a> but which fixed the bugs and supplied some features missing in CVS.<sup id="cite_ref-bookhistory_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookhistory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2001, Subversion had advanced sufficiently to <a href="/wiki/Self-hosting_(compilers)" title="Self-hosting (compilers)">host its own source code</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bookhistory_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookhistory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in February 2004, version 1.0 was released.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2009, Subversion was accepted into Apache Incubator: this marked the beginning of the process to become a standard top-level Apache project.<sup id="cite_ref-SDT2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDT2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a top-level Apache project on February 17, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version </th> <th>Original release date </th> <th>Latest version </th> <th>Latest release date </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.0"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.0 </td> <td>2004-02-23 </td> <td>1.0.9 </td> <td>2004-10-13 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.1"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.1 </td> <td>2004-09-29<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.1.4 </td> <td>2005-04-01 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.2"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.2 </td> <td>2005-05-21<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.2.3 </td> <td>2005-08-19 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.3"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.3 </td> <td>2005-12-30<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.3.2 </td> <td>2006-05-23 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.4"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.4 </td> <td>2006-09-10<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.4.6 </td> <td>2007-12-21 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.5"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.5 </td> <td>2008-06-19<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.5.9 </td> <td>2010-12-06 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.6"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.6 </td> <td>2009-03-20<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.6.23 </td> <td>2013-05-30 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.7"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.7 </td> <td>2011-10-11<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.7.22 </td> <td>2015-08-12 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.8"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.8 </td> <td>2013-06-18<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.8.19 </td> <td>2017-08-10 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.9"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.9 </td> <td>2015-08-05<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.9.12 </td> <td>2019-07-24 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.10"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.10 </td> <td>2018-04-13<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.10.8 </td> <td>2022-04-12 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.11"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.11 </td> <td>2018-10-30<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.11.1 </td> <td>2019-01-11 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.12"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.12 </td> <td>2019-04-24<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.12.2 </td> <td>2019-07-24 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.13"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> 1.13 </td> <td>2019-10-30<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.13.0 </td> <td>2019-10-30 </td> <td>No longer supported </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion c" style="color:black; background-color: #D4F4B4;" title="Current stable version" data-sort-value="1.14"><span style="display: none;">Current stable version:</span> <b>1.14</b> </td> <td>2020-05-27<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1.14.4<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2024-10-08 </td> <td>Fully supported, <a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">LTS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion p" style="color:black; background-color: #C1E6F5;" title="Future release" data-sort-value="1.15"><span style="display: none;">Future release:</span> 1.15 </td> <td>20XX </td> <td>1.15.0 </td> <td>(Not yet released) </td> <td>In development </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><small><div class="templateVersion l" style="margin-left: -1em;"><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b>Legend:</b></span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #FDB3AB; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Old version, no longer maintained">Old version, not maintained</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #FEF8C6; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Old version, yet still maintained">Old version, still maintained</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #D4F4B4; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Latest stable version"><b>Latest version</b></span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #FED1A0; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Latest preview of a future release">Latest preview version</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #C1E6F5; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="A future release">Future release</span></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Release dates are extracted from Apache Subversion's <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">CHANGES</code> file,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which records all release history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commit_(data_management)" title="Commit (data management)">Commits</a> as true <a href="/wiki/Atomicity_(database_systems)" title="Atomicity (database systems)">atomic operations</a> (interrupted commit operations in CVS would cause repository inconsistency or corruption).</li> <li>The system maintains <a href="/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning">versioning</a> for directories and some specific file <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> (see <a href="#Properties">Properties</a>). Users can move or copy files and entire directory-trees very quickly, while retaining full revision history (as being implemented by a reference to the original object).</li> <li>Versioning of <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">symbolic links</a>.</li> <li>Native support for binary files, with space-efficient binary-diff storage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache HTTP Server</a> as network server, <a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a>/<a href="/wiki/WebDAV#Extensions_and_derivatives" title="WebDAV">Delta-V</a> for <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (computing)">protocol</a>. There is also an independent server <a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a> called svnserve that uses a custom protocol over <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Protocol Suite">TCP/IP</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branching_(version_control)" title="Branching (version control)">Branching</a> is implemented by a copy of a directory, thus it is a cheap operation, independent of file size.</li> <li>Natively <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client–server</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abstraction_layer" title="Abstraction layer">layered</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> design.</li> <li>Client/server protocol sends <a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diffs</a> in both directions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">Parsable</a> output, including <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> log output.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source license">Open source licensed</a> – <a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a> since the 1.7 release; prior versions use a derivative of the Apache Software License 1.1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">Internationalized</a> program messages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_locking" title="File locking">File locking</a> for unmergeable files ("reserved checkouts").</li> <li>Path-based authorization.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_binding" title="Language binding">Language bindings</a> for <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>.</li> <li>Full <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> support – users can view or change the MIME type of each file, with the software knowing which MIME types can have their differences from previous versions shown.</li> <li>Merge tracking – merges between branches will be tracked, this allows automatic merging between branches without telling Subversion what does and does not need to be merged.</li> <li>Changelists to organize commits into commit groups.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repository_types">Repository types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Repository types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subversion offers two types of repository storage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Berkeley_DB_(deprecated)"><span id="Berkeley_DB_.28deprecated.29"></span>Berkeley DB (deprecated)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Berkeley DB (deprecated)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original development of Subversion used the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_DB" title="Berkeley DB">Berkeley DB</a> package. Subversion has some limitations with Berkeley DB usage when a program that accesses the database crashes or terminates forcibly. No data loss or corruption occurs, but the repository remains offline while Berkeley DB replays the journal and cleans up any outstanding locks. The safest way to use Subversion with a Berkeley DB repository involves a single server-process running as one user (instead of through a shared filesystem).<sup id="cite_ref-backend_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backend-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Berkeley DB backend was deprecated in version 1.8.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FSFS">FSFS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: FSFS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"FSFS" redirects here. For the Freesat service from Sky, see <a href="/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a>. For the book by Richard Stallman, see <a href="/wiki/Free_Software,_Free_Society" title="Free Software, Free Society">Free Software, Free Society</a>.</div> <p>In 2004, a new storage subsystem was developed and named FSFS. It works faster than the Berkeley DB backend on directories with a large number of files and takes less disk space, due to less logging.<sup id="cite_ref-backend_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backend-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning with Subversion 1.2, FSFS became the default data store for new repositories. </p><p>The etymology of "FSFS" is based on Subversion's use of the term "filesystem" for its repository storage system. FSFS stores its contents directly within the operating system's filesystem, rather than a structured system like Berkeley DB. Thus, it is a "[Subversion] FileSystem atop the FileSystem". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FSX">FSX</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: FSX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new filesystem, called FSX, is under development to remove some limitations of FSFS. As of Version 1.9, it was not considered production-ready.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repository_access">Repository access</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Repository access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Subversion_clients" title="Comparison of Subversion clients">Comparison of Subversion clients</a></div> <p>Access to Subversion repositories can take place by: </p> <ol><li>Local filesystem or network filesystem,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accessed by client directly. This mode uses the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">file:///path</span> access scheme.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a>/Delta-V (over http or https) using the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">mod_dav_svn</span> module for <a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache 2</a>. This mode uses the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">http://host/path</span> access scheme or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">https://host/path</span> for secure connections using ssl.</li> <li>Custom "svn" protocol (default <a href="/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers" title="List of TCP and UDP port numbers">port</a> 3690), using plain text or over <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a>. This mode uses either the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn://host/path</span> access scheme for unencrypted transport or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn+ssh://host/path</span> scheme for tunneling over ssh.</li></ol> <p>All three means can access both FSFS and Berkeley DB repositories. </p><p>Any 1.x version of a client can work with any 1.x server. Newer clients and servers have additional features and performance capabilities, but have fallback support for older clients/servers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layers">Layers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Layers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internally, a Subversion system comprises several libraries arranged as layers. Each performs a specific task and allows developers to create their own tools at the desired level of complexity and specificity. </p> <dl><dt>Fs</dt> <dd>The lowest level; it implements the versioned filesystem which stores the user data.</dd> <dt>Repos</dt> <dd>Concerned with the repository built up around the filesystem. It has many helper functions and handles the various "hooks" that a repository may have, e.g., scripts that run when an action is performed. Together, Fs and Repos constitute the "filesystem interface".</dd> <dt>mod_dav_svn</dt> <dd>Provides <a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a>/Delta-V access through Apache 2.</dd> <dt>Ra</dt> <dd>Handles "repository access", both local and remote. From this point on, repositories are referred to using URLs, e.g. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">file:///path/</span> for local access,</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">http://host/path/</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">https://host/path/</span> for WebDAV access, or</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn://host/path/</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn+ssh://host/path/</span> for the SVN protocol.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Client, Wc</dt> <dd>The highest level. It abstracts repository access and provides common client tasks, such as authenticating users or comparing versions. Subversion clients use the Wc library to manage the local working copy.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filesystem">Filesystem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Filesystem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Svn_3D-tree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Svn_3D-tree.svg/220px-Svn_3D-tree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Svn_3D-tree.svg/330px-Svn_3D-tree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Svn_3D-tree.svg/440px-Svn_3D-tree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>One can view the Subversion filesystem as "two-dimensional".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two coordinates are used to unambiguously address filesystem items: </p> <ul><li><b>Path</b> (regular <a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">path</a> of <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> OS filesystem)</li> <li><b>Revision</b></li></ul> <p>Each revision in a Subversion filesystem has its own <i><a href="/wiki/Root_directory" title="Root directory">root</a></i>, which is used to access contents at that revision. Files are stored as links to the most recent change; thus a Subversion repository is quite compact. The system consumes storage space proportional to the number of changes made, not to the number of revisions. </p><p>The Subversion filesystem uses transactions to keep changes <a href="/wiki/Atomicity_(database_systems)" title="Atomicity (database systems)">atomic</a>. A transaction operates on a specified revision of the filesystem, not necessarily the latest. The transaction has its own <i>root</i>, on which changes are made. It is then either committed and becomes the latest revision, or is aborted. The transaction is actually a long-lived filesystem object; a client does not need to commit or abort a transaction itself, rather it can also begin a transaction, exit, and then can re-open the transaction and continue using it. Potentially, multiple clients can access the same transaction and work together on an atomic change, though no existing clients expose this capability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One important feature of the Subversion filesystem is properties: simple <i>name</i>=<i>value</i> pairs of text. Most properties occur on filesystem entries (i.e., files and directories). These are versioned just like other changes to the filesystem. The Subversion client reserves the 'svn:' prefix for built-in properties, but other names can be used to define custom properties. </p> <dl><dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:executable</span></dt> <dd>Makes a file on <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>-hosted working copies executable, when supported by the filesystem.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:mime-type</span></dt> <dd>Stores the <a href="/wiki/Internet_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet media type">Internet media type</a> ("MIME type") of a file. Affects the handling of diffs and merging.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:ignore</span></dt> <dd>A list of filename patterns to ignore in a directory. Similar to <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a>'s <code>.cvsignore</code> file.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:keywords</span></dt> <dd>A list of <i>keywords</i> to substitute into a file when changes are made. The file itself must also reference the keywords as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">$keyword$</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">$keyword:...$</span>. This is used to maintain certain information (e.g., author, date of last change, revision number) in a file without human intervention.<br />The keyword substitution mechanism originates from <a href="/wiki/Revision_Control_System" title="Revision Control System">RCS</a> and from CVS.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:eol-style</span></dt> <dd>Makes the client convert <a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">end-of-line</a> characters in text files. Used when the working copy is needed with a specific EOL style. "native" is commonly used, so that EOLs match the user's OS EOL style. Repositories may require this property on all files to prevent inconsistent line endings, which can cause a problem in itself.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:externals</span></dt> <dd>Allows parts of other repositories to be automatically checked out into a subdirectory.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:needs-lock</span></dt> <dd>Specifies that a file is to be checked out with file permissions set to read-only. This is designed for use with the locking mechanism. The read-only permission reminds one to obtain a lock before modifying the file: obtaining a lock makes the file writable, and releasing the lock makes it read-only again. Locks are only enforced during a commit operation. Locks can be used without setting this property. However, that is not recommended, because it introduces the risk of someone modifying a locked file; they will only discover it has been locked when their commit fails.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:special</span></dt> <dd>This property is not meant to be set or modified directly by users. As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it is only used for having <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">symbolic links</a> in the repository. When a symbolic link is added to the repository, a file containing the link target is created with this property set. When a Unix-like system checks out this file, the client converts it to a symbolic link.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:mergeinfo</span></dt> <dd>Used to track merge data (revision numbers) in Subversion 1.5 (or later). This property is automatically maintained by the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">merge</span> command, and it is not recommended to change its value manually.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Subversion also uses properties on revisions themselves. Like the above properties on filesystem entries, the names are completely arbitrary, with the Subversion client using certain properties prefixed with 'svn:'. However, these properties are not versioned, and they can be changed later if allowed by a pre-revprop-change hook.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:date</span></dt> <dd>The date and time stamp of a revision.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:author</span></dt> <dd>The name of the user that submitted the change(s).</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn:log</span></dt> <dd>The user-supplied description of the change(s).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branching_and_tagging">Branching and tagging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Branching and tagging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subversion uses the inter-file branching model from <a href="/wiki/Perforce" title="Perforce">Perforce</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to implement <a href="/wiki/Branching_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Branching (software)">branches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revision_tag" title="Revision tag">tagging</a>. A branch is a separate line of development.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tagging refers to labeling the repository at a certain point in time so that it can be easily found in the future. In Subversion, the only difference between branches and tags is how they are used. </p><p>A new branch or tag is set up by using the "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">svn copy</span>" command, which should be used in place of the native operating system mechanism. The copied directory is linked to the original in the repository to preserve its history, and the copy takes very little extra space in the repository. </p><p>All the versions in each branch maintain the history of the file up to the point of the copy, plus any changes made since. One can "merge" changes back into the <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunk (software)">trunk</a> or between branches. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:100%;max-width:823px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subversion_project_visualization.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Visualization of a simple Subversion project"><img alt="alt text" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Subversion_project_visualization.svg/815px-Subversion_project_visualization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="815" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Subversion_project_visualization.svg/1223px-Subversion_project_visualization.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Subversion_project_visualization.svg/1630px-Subversion_project_visualization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Subversion_project_visualization.svg" title="File:Subversion project visualization.svg"> </a></div>Visualization of a simple Subversion project</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations_and_problems">Limitations and problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Limitations and problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A known problem in Subversion affects the implementation of the file and directory rename operation. As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Subversion implements the renaming of files and directories as a "copy" to the new name followed by a "delete" of the old name. Only the names change, all data relating to the edit history remains the same, and Subversion will still use the old name in older revisions of the "tree". However, Subversion may become confused when a move conflicts with edits made elsewhere,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both for regular commits and when merging branches.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Subversion 1.5 release addressed some of these scenarios while others remained problematic.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Subversion 1.8 release addressed some of these problems by making moves a first-class operation on the client, but it is still treated as copy+delete in the repository.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Subversion lacks some repository-administration and management features. For instance, someone may wish to edit the repository to permanently remove all historical records of certain data. Subversion does not have built-in support to achieve this simply.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subversion stores additional copies of data on the local machine, which can become an issue with very large projects or files, or if developers work on multiple branches simultaneously. In versions prior to 1.7 these <code>.svn</code> directories on the client side could become corrupted by ill-advised user activity like global search/replace operations.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting with version 1.7 Subversion uses a single centralized <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">.svn</span> folder per working area.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subversion does not store the modification times of files. As such, a file checked out of a Subversion repository will have the 'current' date (instead of the modification time in the repository), and a file checked into the repository will have the date of the check-in (instead of the modification time of the file being checked in). This might not always be what is wanted.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To mitigate this, third-party tools exist that allow for preserving modification time and other filesystem meta-data.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, giving checked out files a current date is important as well — this is how tools like <a href="/wiki/Make_(software)" title="Make (software)">make(1)</a> will take notice of a changed file for rebuilding it. </p><p>Subversion uses a centralized <a href="/wiki/Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">revision control</a> model. <a href="/wiki/Ben_Collins-Sussman" title="Ben Collins-Sussman">Ben Collins-Sussman</a>, one of the designers of Subversion, believes a centralised model would help prevent "insecure programmers" from hiding their work from other team members during development.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some users of version control systems see the centralised model as detrimental; famously, <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> attacked Subversion's model and its developers.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subversion often does not deal well with the <a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence#Normalization" title="Unicode equivalence">filename normalization</a> performed by the <a href="/wiki/HFS%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="HFS+">HFS+</a> filesystem. This can cause problems when files with accented characters in their names are added to the repository on a non-HFS+ filesystem and the repository is then used with HFS+.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subversion_tags_and_branches">Subversion tags and branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Subversion tags and branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Revision numbers are difficult to remember in any version-control system. For this reason, most systems offer symbolic <i>tags</i> as user-friendly references to them. Subversion does not have such a feature and what its documentation recommends to use instead is very different in nature. Instead of implementing tags as <i>references</i> to points in history, Subversion recommends making snapshot <i>copies</i> into a well-known subdirectory ("<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">tags/</code>") in the space of the repository tree. Only a few predefined <i>references</i> are available: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">HEAD</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">BASE</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">PREV</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">COMMITTED</code>. </p><p>This history-to-space projection has multiple issues: </p> <div><ol><li>When a snapshot is taken, the system does not assign any special meaning to the name of the tag/snapshot. This is the difference between a <i>copy</i> and a <i>reference</i>. The revision is recorded and the snapshot can be accessed by URL. This makes some operations less convenient and others impossible. For instance, a naive <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">svn diff -r tag1:tag2 myfile</code> does not work; it is slightly more complicated than that to achieve, requiring the user to know and input URL/paths to the snapshots instead of just the names: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">svn diff <URL-TO-TAG1>/myfile <URL-TO-TAG2>/myfile</code>. Other operations like for instance <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">svn log -r tag1:tag2 myfile</code> are just impossible.</li><li>When two (ideally independent) object types live in the repository tree, a "fight to the top" can ensue. In other words, it is often difficult to decide at which level to create the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">tags/</code> subdirectory: <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <pre><b>trunk</b>/ /component<b>foo</b>/ /component<b>bar</b>/ <b>tags</b>/ /1.1/ /component<b>foo</b>/ /component<b>bar</b>/ </pre> </td> <td> or  </td> <td> <pre>component<b>foo</b>/ /<b>trunk</b>/ /<b>tags</b>/ /1.1/ component<b>bar</b>/ /<b>trunk</b>/ /<b>tags</b>/ /1.1/ </pre> </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li>Tags, by their conventional definition, are both read-only and light-weight, on the repository and client. Subversion copies are not read-only, and while they are light-weight on the repository, they are incredibly heavy-weight on the client.</li></ol></div> <p>To address such issues, posters on the Subversion mailing lists have suggested a new feature called "labels" or "aliases".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SVN labels would more closely resemble the "tags" of other systems such as <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a> or <a href="/wiki/Git_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Git (software)">Git</a>. The fact that Subversion has global revision numbers opens the way to a very simple label → revision implementation. Yet as of 2013, no progress has been made and symbolic tags are not in the list of the most wanted features.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_implementation">Development and implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Development and implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CollabNet" title="CollabNet">CollabNet</a> has continued its involvement with Subversion, but the project runs as an independent open source community. In November 2009, the project was accepted into the Apache Incubator, aiming to become part of the <a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a>'s efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since March 2010, the project is formally known as Apache Subversion, being a part of the Apache Top-Level Projects.<sup id="cite_ref-CollabNetPR2010_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CollabNetPR2010-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2009, <a href="/wiki/WANdisco" title="WANdisco">WANdisco</a> announced the hiring of core Subversion committers as the company moved to become a major corporate sponsor of the project. This included Hyrum Wright, president of the Subversion Corporation and release manager for the Subversion project since early 2008, who joined the company to lead its open source team.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Subversion open-source community does not provide binaries, but potential users can download binaries from volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Subversion project does not include an official <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) for use with Subversion, third parties have developed a number of different GUIs, along with a wide variety of additional ancillary software. </p><p>Work announced in 2009 included SubversionJ (a <a href="/wiki/Java_API" class="mw-redirect" title="Java API">Java API</a>) and implementation of the Obliterate command, similar to that provided by <a href="/wiki/Perforce" title="Perforce">Perforce</a>. Both of these enhancements were sponsored by WANdisco.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Subversion committers normally have at least one or two new features under active development at any one time. The 1.7 release of Subversion in October 2011 included a streamlined HTTP transport to improve performance and a rewritten working-copy library.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/svn-logos/README.html">a design contest</a> was held to select the logo for Subversion. The original entries can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/svn-logos/entries.html">here</a> as well as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/svn-logos/VOTES">votes</a> for each logo. The current logo received the most votes in the contest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_version-control_software" title="List of version-control software">List of version-control software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_version-control_software" title="Comparison of version-control software">Comparison of version-control software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Subversion_clients" title="Comparison of Subversion clients">Comparison of Subversion clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_that_uses_Subversion" title="List of software that uses Subversion">List of software that uses Subversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TortoiseSVN" title="TortoiseSVN">TortoiseSVN</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apache-2.0 since 2009-07-07.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Subversion#tab=Details">"Subversion"</a>. <i>directory.fsf.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Directory" title="Free Software Directory">Free Software Directory</a>. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=directory.fsf.org&rft.atitle=Subversion&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirectory.fsf.org%2Fwiki%2FSubversion%23tab%3DDetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/02/27/1991695/17401/en/The-Apache-Software-Foundation-Announces-20th-Anniversary-of-Apache-Subversion.html">"The Apache Software Foundation Announces 20th Anniversary of Apache Subversion"</a>. <i>GlobeNewswire News Room</i> (Press release). 2020-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Apache+Software+Foundation+Announces+20th+Anniversary+of+Apache+Subversion&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globenewswire.com%2Fnews-release%2F2020%2F02%2F27%2F1991695%2F17401%2Fen%2FThe-Apache-Software-Foundation-Announces-20th-Anniversary-of-Apache-Subversion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bookhistory-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bookhistory_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bookhistory_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins-Sussman,_BenBrian_W._FitzpatrickC._Michael_Pilato2011" class="citation web cs1">Collins-Sussman, Ben; Brian W. Fitzpatrick; C. Michael Pilato (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.7/svn.intro.whatis.html#svn.intro.history">"What is Subversion? > Subversion's History"</a>. <i>Version Control with Subversion (for Subversion 1.7)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lists.apache.org&rft.atitle=Release+Announcement+%E2%80%93+%5BSECURITY%5D%5BANNOUNCE%5D+Apache+Subversion+1.14.4+released&rft.date=2024-10-08&rft.aulast=Sperling&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.apache.org%2Fthread%2Fglvmq598wv71thrd9vmbm0q5w6n3124w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Subversion_Team2024" class="citation web cs1">The Subversion Team (2024-10-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/tags/1.14.4/CHANGES">"Changelog for Version 1.14.4 and earlier"</a>. <i>Apache Subversion</i>. The Apache Software Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apache+Subversion&rft.atitle=Changelog+for+Version+1.14.4+and+earlier&rft.date=2024-10-08&rft.au=The+Subversion+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvn.apache.org%2Frepos%2Fasf%2Fsubversion%2Ftags%2F1.14.4%2FCHANGES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk/CHANGES">"Apache Subversion's CHANGES file"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apache+Subversion%27s+CHANGES+file&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvn.apache.org%2Frepos%2Fasf%2Fsubversion%2Ftrunk%2FCHANGES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-backend-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-backend_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-backend_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Collins-SussmanBrian_W._FitzpatrickC._Michael_Pilato2011" class="citation book cs1">Ben Collins-Sussman; Brian W. Fitzpatrick; C. Michael Pilato (2011). "Chapter 5: Strategies for Repository Deployment". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.7/svn.reposadmin.planning.html#svn.reposadmin.basics.backends"><i>Version Control with Subversion: For Subversion 1.7</i></a>. O'Reilly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5%3A+Strategies+for+Repository+Deployment&rft.btitle=Version+Control+with+Subversion%3A+For+Subversion+1.7&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Ben+Collins-Sussman&rft.au=Brian+W.+Fitzpatrick&rft.au=C.+Michael+Pilato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvnbook.red-bean.com%2Fen%2F1.7%2Fsvn.reposadmin.planning.html%23svn.reposadmin.basics.backends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/docs/release-notes/1.8.html#bdb-deprecated">"Apache Subversion 1.8 Release Notes"</a>. Apache Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apache+Subversion+1.8+Release+Notes&rft.pub=Apache+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubversion.apache.org%2Fdocs%2Frelease-notes%2F1.8.html%23bdb-deprecated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/docs/release-notes/1.9.html#fsx">"Apache Subversion 1.9 Release Notes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apache+Subversion+1.9+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubversion.apache.org%2Fdocs%2Frelease-notes%2F1.9.html%23fsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_DB" title="Berkeley DB">Berkeley DB</a> relies on file locking and thus should not be used on (network) filesystems which do not implement them</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/docs/release-notes/1.5.html">SVN 1.5 release notes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/en/svn.branchmerge.basicmerging.html#svn.branchmerge.basicmerging.resurrect">Basic Merging</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/rcs.1">"rcs(1)"</a>. <i>OpenBSD manual pages</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenBSD+manual+pages&rft.atitle=rcs%281%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fman.openbsd.org%2FOpenBSD-current%2Fman1%2Frcs.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.ref.properties.html">Subversion Properties</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.7/svn.ref.reposhooks.pre-revprop-change.html">pre-revprop-change</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perforce.com/perforce/branch.html">Inter-File Branching: A Practical Method for Representing Variants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714160428/http://www.perforce.com/perforce/branch.html">Archived</a> 2007-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tortoisesvn.net/docs/release/TortoiseSVN_en/tsvn-dug-branchtag.html">Branching / Tagging — TortoiseSVN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021201064344/http://subversion.tigris.org/issues/show_bug.cgi?id=898">"Implement true renames"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://subversion.tigris.org/issues/show_bug.cgi?id=898">the original</a> on 2002-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implement+true+renames&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsubversion.tigris.org%2Fissues%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.7/svn.branchmerge.advanced.html#svn.branchmerge.advanced.moves">Advanced Merging</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/docs/release-notes/1.5.html#copy-move-improvements">Copy/move-related improvements in Subversion 1.5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/docs/release-notes/1.8.html#moves">Working copy records moves as first-class operation in Subversion 1.8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SVN-516">"[SVN-516] svn obliterate"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BSVN-516%5D+svn+obliterate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissues.apache.org%2Fjira%2Fbrowse%2FSVN-516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/579442">"Subclipse - Repair SVN Checksum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subclipse+-+Repair+SVN+Checksum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstackoverflow.com%2Fa%2F579442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/docs/release-notes/1.7.html#wc-ng">Working Copy Metadata Storage Improvements (client)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SVN-1256">"[SVN-1256] Ability to preserve last modification time (mtime) of files under version control"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BSVN-1256%5D+Ability+to+preserve+last+modification+time+%28mtime%29+of+files+under+version+control&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissues.apache.org%2Fjira%2Fbrowse%2FSVN-1256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/freezeattrib/files/">FreezeAttrib (saves/restores file attributes using properties)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/phmarek/fsvs">fsvs – Full System Versioning System</a> on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.red-bean.com/sussman/?p=96">Programmer Insecurity @ iBanjo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XpnKHJAok8">Google Tech Talk video</a> and its <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725034129/https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/LinusTalk200705Transcript">transcript</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SVN-2464">"[SVN-2464] Canonicalize / stringprep UTF-8 filenames to handle composed / decomposed differences shown by e.g. Mac OS X HFS+"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BSVN-2464%5D+Canonicalize+%2F+stringprep+UTF-8+filenames+to+handle+composed+%2F+decomposed+differences+shown+by+e.g.+Mac+OS+X+HFS%2B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissues.apache.org%2Fjira%2Fbrowse%2FSVN-2464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeintraub2005" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Weintraub, David (23 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.haxx.se/dev/archive-2005-05/1095.shtml">"Subversion 'labels' vs. 'tags'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SVN Dev</i> (Mailing list)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subversion+%27labels%27+vs.+%27tags%27&rft.date=2005-05-23&rft.aulast=Weintraub&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvn.haxx.se%2Fdev%2Farchive-2005-05%2F1095.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/roadmap.html">"Apache Subversion Roadmap"</a>. Apache Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apache+Subversion+Roadmap&rft.pub=Apache+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubversion.apache.org%2Froadmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apache.org/foundation/press/pr_2009_11_04.html">"Subversion Submitted to Become a Project at The Apache Software Foundation"</a>. November 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subversion+Submitted+to+Become+a+Project+at+The+Apache+Software+Foundation&rft.date=2009-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapache.org%2Ffoundation%2Fpress%2Fpr_2009_11_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CollabNetPR2010-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CollabNetPR2010_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100311192650/http://www.open.collab.net/news/press/2010/apache.html">"CollabNet Supports Subversion's Graduation to Apache Top-Level Project"</a>. CollabNet. 1 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open.collab.net/news/press/2010/apache.html">the original</a> on 2010-03-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CollabNet+Supports+Subversion%27s+Graduation+to+Apache+Top-Level+Project&rft.pub=CollabNet&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open.collab.net%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2010%2Fapache.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWANdisco2010" class="citation news cs1">WANdisco (January 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opensource.sys-con.com/node/1239202">"WANdisco Names Hyrum Wright to Lead Subversion Open Source Efforts"</a>. <i>News release</i>. Open Source magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118161238/http://opensource.sys-con.com/node/1239202">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+release&rft.atitle=WANdisco+Names+Hyrum+Wright+to+Lead+Subversion+Open+Source+Efforts&rft.date=2010-01-07&rft.au=WANdisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopensource.sys-con.com%2Fnode%2F1239202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/packages.html">"Apache Subversion Binary Packages"</a>. <i>Official project website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+project+website&rft.atitle=Apache+Subversion+Binary+Packages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubversion.apache.org%2Fpackages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWANdisco2009" class="citation news cs1">WANdisco (October 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111118040455/http://www.cmcrossroads.com/index.php?Itemid=100152&catid=101%3Anews-and-announcements&id=13065%3Awandisco-presents-new-initiatives-for-the-subversion-open-source-project-&option=com_content&view=article">"WANdisco Presents New Initiatives for the Subversion Open Source Project"</a>. <i>News release</i>. CM Crossroads. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmcrossroads.com/index.php?Itemid=100152&catid=101:news-and-announcements&id=13065:wandisco-presents-new-initiatives-for-the-subversion-open-source-project-&option=com_content&view=article">the original</a> on 2011-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+release&rft.atitle=WANdisco+Presents+New+Initiatives+for+the+Subversion+Open+Source+Project&rft.date=2009-10-28&rft.au=WANdisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmcrossroads.com%2Findex.php%3FItemid%3D100152%26catid%3D101%3Anews-and-announcements%26id%3D13065%3Awandisco-presents-new-initiatives-for-the-subversion-open-source-project-%26option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/roadmap.html">"Apache Subversion Roadmap"</a>. <i>Official project website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+project+website&rft.atitle=Apache+Subversion+Roadmap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubversion.apache.org%2Froadmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Subversion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>C. Michael Pilato, Ben Collins-Sussman, Brian W. Fitzpatrick; <i>Version Control with Subversion</i>; O'Reilly; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-596-00448-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-596-00448-6">0-596-00448-6</a> (1st edition, paperback, 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnbook.red-bean.com/">full book online</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080107072118/http://www.mentalpointer.com/Subversion/svn-book.html">mirror</a>)</li> <li>Garrett Rooney; <i>Practical Subversion</i>; Apress; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59059-290-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59059-290-5">1-59059-290-5</a> (1st edition, paperback, 2005)</li> <li>Mike Mason; <i>Pragmatic Version Control Using Subversion</i>; Pragmatic Bookshelf; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9745140-6-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9745140-6-3">0-9745140-6-3</a> (1st edition, paperback, 2005)</li> <li>William Nagel; <i>Subversion Version Control: Using the Subversion Version Control System in Development Projects</i>; Prentice Hall; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-185518-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-185518-2">0-13-185518-2</a> (1st edition, paperback, 2005)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.red-bean.com/sussman/svn-anti-fud.html">Dispelling Subversion FUD</a> by Ben Collins-Sussman (Subversion developer), link broken as of 2013-03-07 (Internet Archive.org <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718233416/http://www.red-bean.com/sussman/svn-anti-fud.html">2011-07-18 captured version</a>, "last updated" 2004-12-21)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Subversion&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subversion.apache.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46794#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Version_control_software" title="Template:Version control software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Version_control_software" title="Template talk:Version control software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Version_control_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Version control software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Version_control_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Version_control" title="Version control">Version control software</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Years, where available, indicate the date of first stable release. Systems with names <i>in italics</i> are no longer maintained or have planned end-of-life dates.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free/open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revision_Control_System" title="Revision Control System">RCS</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Code_Control_System" title="Source Code Control System">SCCS</a> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Librarian_(version_control_system)" title="The Librarian (version control system)">The Librarian</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panvalet" title="Panvalet">Panvalet</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVCS" title="PVCS">PVCS</a> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/QVCS" title="QVCS">QVCS</a></i> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Revision_controlled_project_visualization-2010-24-02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Revision_controlled_project_visualization-2010-24-02.svg/80px-Revision_controlled_project_visualization-2010-24-02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Revision_controlled_project_visualization-2010-24-02.svg/120px-Revision_controlled_project_visualization-2010-24-02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Revision_controlled_project_visualization-2010-24-02.svg/160px-Revision_controlled_project_visualization-2010-24-02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Client–server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free/open-source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a> (1986, 1990 in C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CVSNT" title="CVSNT">CVSNT</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVCS" title="QVCS">QVCS Enterprise</a> (1998)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Subversion</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AccuRev_SCM" title="AccuRev SCM">AccuRev SCM</a> (2002)</li> <li>Azure DevOps <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_DevOps_Server" title="Azure DevOps Server">Server</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Azure_DevOps_Server#TFVC" title="Azure DevOps Server">TFVC</a>) (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio#Azure_DevOps_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Services</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Azure_DevOps_Server#TFVC" title="Azure DevOps Server">TFVC</a>) (2014)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_ClearCase" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational ClearCase">ClearCase</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IBM_Configuration_Management_Version_Control_(CMVC)" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Configuration Management Version Control (CMVC)">CMVC</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimensions_CM" title="Dimensions CM">Dimensions CM</a> (1980s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Computer#History" title="Apollo Computer">DSEE</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Integrity" title="PTC Integrity">Integrity</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perforce_Helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Perforce Helix">Perforce Helix</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Software_Configuration_and_Library_Manager" title="IBM Software Configuration and Library Manager">SCLM</a> (1980s?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CA_Harvest_Software_Change_Manager" title="CA Harvest Software Change Manager">Software Change Manager</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarTeam" title="StarTeam">StarTeam</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_SCM" title="Surround SCM">Surround SCM</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Synergy" title="Rational Synergy">Synergy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Team_Concert" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Team Concert">Team Concert</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(version_control_system)" title="Vault (version control system)">Vault</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_SourceSafe" title="Microsoft Visual SourceSafe">Visual SourceSafe</a></i> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Distributed_version_control" title="Distributed version control">Distributed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free/open-source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BitKeeper" title="BitKeeper">BitKeeper</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breezy_(software)" title="Breezy (software)">Breezy</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Co-op" title="Code Co-op">Code Co-op</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darcs" title="Darcs">Darcs</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Distributed Concurrent Versions System">DCVS</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_(software)" title="Fossil (software)">Fossil</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Git" title="Git">Git</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GNU_arch" title="GNU arch">GNU arch</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Bazaar" title="GNU Bazaar">GNU Bazaar</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercurial" title="Mercurial">Mercurial</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotone_(software)" title="Monotone (software)">Monotone</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Azure DevOps <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_DevOps_Server" title="Azure DevOps Server">Server</a> (via Git) (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio#Azure_DevOps_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Services</a> (via Git) (2014)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_WorkShop_TeamWare" title="Sun WorkShop TeamWare">TeamWare</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_SCM" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic SCM">Plastic SCM</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseline_(configuration_management)" title="Baseline (configuration management)">Baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branching_(version_control)" title="Branching (version control)">Branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Branching_(version_control)#Development_branch" title="Branching (version control)">Trunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeset" title="Changeset">Changeset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commit_(version_control)" title="Commit (version control)">Commit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gated_commit" title="Gated commit">Gated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_encoding" title="Delta encoding">Delta compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleaved_deltas" title="Interleaved deltas">Interleaved</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_comparison" title="File comparison">File comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merge_(version_control)" title="Merge (version control)">Merge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorepo" title="Monorepo">Monorepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revision_tag" title="Revision tag">Tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Version_control_systems" title="Category:Version control systems">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_version-control_software" title="Comparison of version-control software">Comparison</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_version-control_software" title="List of version-control software">List</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Apache_Software_Foundation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apache_Software_Foundation" title="Template:Apache Software Foundation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apache_Software_Foundation" title="Template talk:Apache Software Foundation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apache_Software_Foundation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apache Software Foundation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Apache_Software_Foundation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Apache_Software_Foundation" title="The Apache Software Foundation">The Apache Software Foundation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top-level<br />projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Accumulo" title="Apache Accumulo">Accumulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ActiveMQ" title="Apache ActiveMQ">ActiveMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Airavata" title="Apache Airavata">Airavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Airflow" title="Apache Airflow">Airflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Allura" title="Apache Allura">Allura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Ambari" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Ambari">Ambari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Ant" title="Apache Ant">Ant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Aries" title="Apache Aries">Aries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Arrow" title="Apache Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache HTTP Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Portable_Runtime" title="Apache Portable Runtime">APR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Avro" title="Apache Avro">Avro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Axis" title="Apache Axis">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Axis2" title="Apache Axis2">Axis2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Beam" title="Apache Beam">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Bloodhound" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Bloodhound">Bloodhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Brooklyn" title="Apache Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Calcite" title="Apache Calcite">Calcite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Camel" title="Apache Camel">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CarbonData" title="Apache CarbonData">CarbonData</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cayenne" title="Apache Cayenne">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CloudStack" title="Apache CloudStack">CloudStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cocoon" title="Apache Cocoon">Cocoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cordova" title="Apache Cordova">Cordova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CouchDB" title="Apache CouchDB">CouchDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_cTAKES" title="Apache cTAKES">cTAKES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CXF" title="Apache CXF">CXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Derby" title="Apache Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Directory" title="Apache Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Drill" title="Apache Drill">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Druid" title="Apache Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Empire-db" title="Apache Empire-db">Empire-db</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Felix" title="Apache Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flink" title="Apache Flink">Flink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flume" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Flume">Flume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeMarker" title="FreeMarker">FreeMarker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Geronimo" title="Apache Geronimo">Geronimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Groovy" title="Apache Groovy">Groovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Guacamole" title="Apache Guacamole">Guacamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Gump" title="Apache Gump">Gump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hadoop" title="Apache Hadoop">Hadoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_HBase" title="Apache HBase">HBase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Helix" title="Apache Helix">Helix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hive" title="Apache Hive">Hive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Iceberg" title="Apache Iceberg">Iceberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Ignite" title="Apache Ignite">Ignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Impala" title="Apache Impala">Impala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Jackrabbit" title="Apache Jackrabbit">Jackrabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_James" title="Apache James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Jena" title="Apache Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_JMeter" title="Apache JMeter">JMeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Kafka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kudu" title="Apache Kudu">Kudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kylin" title="Apache Kylin">Kylin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Lucene" title="Apache Lucene">Lucene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Mahout" title="Apache Mahout">Mahout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven">Maven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_MINA" title="Apache MINA">MINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_MyFaces" title="Apache MyFaces">MyFaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Mynewt" title="Apache Mynewt">Mynewt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_NiFi" title="Apache NiFi">NiFi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Nutch" title="Apache Nutch">Nutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuttX" title="NuttX">NuttX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OFBiz" title="Apache OFBiz">OFBiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Oozie" title="Apache Oozie">Oozie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenEJB" title="Apache OpenEJB">OpenEJB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenJPA" title="Apache OpenJPA">OpenJPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenNLP" title="Apache OpenNLP">OpenNLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenOffice" title="Apache OpenOffice">OрenOffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ORC" title="Apache ORC">ORC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_PDFBox" title="Apache PDFBox">PDFBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Parquet" title="Apache Parquet">Parquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Phoenix" title="Apache Phoenix">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_POI" title="Apache POI">POI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Pig" title="Apache Pig">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Pinot" title="Apache Pinot">Pinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Pivot" title="Apache Pivot">Pivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Qpid" title="Apache Qpid">Qpid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Roller" title="Apache Roller">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_RocketMQ" title="Apache RocketMQ">RocketMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Samza" title="Apache Samza">Samza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Shiro" title="Apache Shiro">Shiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_SINGA" title="Apache SINGA">SINGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Sling" title="Apache Sling">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Solr" title="Apache Solr">Solr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Spark" title="Apache Spark">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Storm" title="Apache Storm">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_SpamAssassin" title="Apache SpamAssassin">SpamAssassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Struts" title="Apache Struts">Struts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Struts_1" title="Apache Struts 1">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Subversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Superset" title="Apache Superset">Superset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_SystemDS" title="Apache SystemDS">SystemDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tapestry" title="Apache Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Thrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tika" title="Apache Tika">Tika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_TinkerPop" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache TinkerPop">TinkerPop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tomcat" title="Apache Tomcat">Tomcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Trafodion" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Trafodion">Trafodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Traffic_Server" title="Apache Traffic Server">Traffic Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIMA" title="UIMA">UIMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Velocity" title="Apache Velocity">Velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wicket" title="Apache Wicket">Wicket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Xalan" title="Apache Xalan">Xalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Xerces" title="Apache Xerces">Xerces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_XMLBeans" title="Apache XMLBeans">XMLBeans</a></li> <li>Yetus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ZooKeeper" title="Apache ZooKeeper">ZooKeeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Commons" title="Apache Commons">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byte_Code_Engineering_Library" title="Byte Code Engineering Library">BCEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_Scripting_Framework" title="Bean Scripting Framework">BSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons_Daemon" title="Commons Daemon">Daemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Jelly" title="Apache Jelly">Jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Commons_Logging" title="Apache Commons Logging">Logging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incubator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Taverna" title="Apache Taverna">Taverna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Batik" title="Apache Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_FOP_(Formatting_Objects_Processor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache FOP (Formatting Objects Processor)">FOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Ivy" title="Apache Ivy">Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log4j" title="Log4j">Log4j</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Apex" title="Apache Apex">Apex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AxKit" title="AxKit">AxKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Beehive" title="Apache Beehive">Beehive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_iBATIS" title="Apache iBATIS">iBATIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Click" title="Apache Click">Click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Continuum" title="Apache Continuum">Continuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltacloud" title="Deltacloud">Deltacloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etch_(protocol)" title="Etch (protocol)">Etch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Giraph" title="Apache Giraph">Giraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hama" title="Apache Hama">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Project" title="Jakarta Project">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Marmotta" title="Apache Marmotta">Marmotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_MXNet" title="Apache MXNet">MXNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ODE" title="Apache ODE">ODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jini" title="Jini">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Shale" title="Apache Shale">Shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Slide" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta Slide">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sqoop" title="Sqoop">Sqoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Stanbol" title="Apache Stanbol">Stanbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Wave">Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_XML" title="Apache XML">XML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Licenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46794#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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