CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133ad68ce46fce3',cH: 'Fw_xM_dYzt499.LQHPiq6ReMN7uzaZG_A8VEMt6Wujc-1739773287-1.2.1.1-gt8mlZ3Rb614.CdhigwOoAz9cNzIXc7ni22T3NjNhUnoyUdaGfO2HKg4msM4Fhyf',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/188234\/internationalization-strategies-and-firm-productivity-manufacturing-firm-level-evidence-from-ethiopia?__cf_chl_tk=Dk3vx1KdgoWftBDGb4mg4oO34P8.zVSB8fsXh7dzDlk-1739773287-1.0.1.1-Gtze7JHcUvrg8at9dW3Y09pbQI5ocfrgHE55i40O7qk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739773287',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/188234\/internationalization-strategies-and-firm-productivity-manufacturing-firm-level-evidence-from-ethiopia?__cf_chl_f_tk=Dk3vx1KdgoWftBDGb4mg4oO34P8.zVSB8fsXh7dzDlk-1739773287-1.0.1.1-Gtze7JHcUvrg8at9dW3Y09pbQI5ocfrgHE55i40O7qk",md: "ls5z3dACO1SxGQ1A.icwHGEe889Kisgoesqnb8tdjTs-1739773287-1.2.1.1-ILcmxAMXjPIszlFfWd8NQEu54Nx5_IFpohDUh0KByW9MGbQob9ts.BKeQX6fJclgtmebIA5EtBl_e9PnE__4QMUq1jZviR36DySfSzaCHfdZp.5XH9HB5ZukR1Lc3i7g0mkiWm2xA7I4Tn5lXI9PrcY30b_vebw7TI6ncfzD2K1s4AEHoMi.rW1U_a4IHP3_dqmB.LfJjcuQ7sg7Uo7iaJYIB4FqEa9hZgW4PrmVfxF7DNDUbSSAuvvCoINNdnPeWTHr1KCiBapOnTuQsahGcSK.Gtr9GpShw52QcfZD2UB8X5yubG87HbFzWLpVAqIMe0PVgJ2KNqXrM06aYncbP.bx2RHQKrWStJgqmm70bLRs_yahG8SdEkes1LO8HIi8FRbiFhj64w7RDp4fNMq.LkZfL31_gLVEMvqYbL4yZ4HA4bnN6l44P2ELqHtaSdqhDTLAP.5LjG6g4WmfFhfGcm2BNlV10EjHjdC8chWcfQcsx8gBWC7Ur1WcvV9ooF6Mv_FumwtGrWKy6sLCkATjvjJrp_qeAokFj7jrg4oOyoE5i.vcPW8UbY0Pp59I4rJKgADqF7euIg_eziliAHyx13t_bU4DYfI.rWr3eQYFC5gPxcM4e8ZNdPNAQmm7cwNpYom5ngtED0YdpZflNguw7bCG9vkALN9uGB0q6SeXtqdOSLYbvW4SQFwd04uhPuwTW5wHmcrOR7UaXFL_Wmo.EkCnQ8KIAfPeja07kgzVfpQM.pWgstJeOvmXDoJl0IiHZgngJ2Oaj5T7fni7oyZOfdAX0lq_gnwITUWMtJo9zRhCkHLl31CgBWD20wYvOXmN6JuKl.1teUps78Q6ewvarw.161VXuqHcF6xkwpmg3yh6b9SjG9qVyduyMJLVRIlnTCX0xi0eJU1LMrK5ziXoKpAL5h8_BWa7qUD8.nF8D6ebYxshzVVa0cfaJzCuIj4obS1AGg_d44.MWdDt6o24Ro.rsxs3XdUMs5BqMybUrr1Hkt47g9__J9pjElb6bpYSqzRRPh0bk2NqfcVhRvK_DYLu._zulnkuyIeeOpJCMYyYP0_HF2x9pn4lFwpJ_fOEU6cpj.1Ip5x5hr_b8XbGq9T68is8Cg10wVj.99MxQlEt4INS1s0MmHBxnCYckVrjSn3JUVNHyat9iO76JtTvfvk4.x_OHUY7UQCXznVyTD_VT4cq3BRn1cy26et4UeeOjyPT0de3U6o9LzUbAp71TvW0H5C7gbJro2m5l6pRU1Bl4O2CmL0J_MKiskJsJKy3357Fm.YpABVRujcdwACPDNaSP1swZuJWVKQ30v_30q_xYb7OZBPxWoVSA0zSDrAHwavz_pj3ltnjzEgoM3pQXdK33RJg6TaAKi44rKEXuZQ_.Z9KKCBDXEd64jBF.pXsGUIvvrO1mJirOyh.eJeSJHXPG4RaPgn5UMt.CUZ_B2YJCQO6rWhBkDGl3a3Ol2rZ7.k6sQqj2Z3Gfx0ziGDe7odS2a1jg_v5DFPoJIptXDoDY_1EqCoYsqKB8TGggiP8.MVNGdrv4fC6mdpa0UX6Pn0K_aC1EAMHz6oho5bHkiprNkGIYmHjYjBWaJ_iX32US_MMV57Dqqsa_4duO6T1oF7Ca_thqLOfFGMqt0M9cN1DHjvnctDdwhN5G41pXeIIG8k7JApgeCSmHnuyamfLOlY7jKZNhymD60Elc4aAC3bUVNGUH_7jOqFAsJdxuXdAsNsRtjcPbYDIYN2FtoiS2XSlVbmhb8JNJBSSylSwkBsZhUUufgdn0_kJSzsGtGo3YdCFrhEUeMlW5x0_emIslxk.QoUt2X0sxdE5YxEvhuwzS4gUUyFDKi38lI0ejXypYOywagypf4dZiaKa.eAdUcdtsrT2feYsPqQCpX4DksUfDkNnPCn4RfmZQEldHLWUiFQ8drnSyJD4x0uV4R1OWZuGGqMRmobN3sTxD3KpfyzmVPEX1dXwHiWGJqr8v9jA357Rf0LKesxwbsvx7m2Sv_BzRrY6K..b49v0VC6jJdMV9jD3GxEGdxm5W7rfE8z1ifFsRWIMHxryHaXoJT7XfIhR3tAemm4eYwEzLC6YkoU1CMB7DJkwvwUmwYSVv6.QarFVxWQHNeiV7Z4IHGX6iAFCe1j8wXGpBJQUc4YLDN5SIVnthcQeIS8j5Vbg8xIP",mdrd: "tgkHROj0EimyjhPMWrE8Rigw1560kI7.85OM7F0nA0w-1739773287-1.2.1.1-wnsDSbqwoENli97.Ycc.bYPVdD5QoaIXmd0LyTftU5A87h2Y8ABGo0dkbVGhdmXJecP99izBgXipjisj2I8nq6cmQ_c1x01zI9TvxsD4c_QIB.kZ5rWYVqmNFQ1nljiNLA4S5NBmLXKCzoGpOB_.BENTtJng8W2qklvfwhjPSMnO568SbwSkw6ygE_Ou3scZ_SRt1qWyjb5cAn6f0SKLxeH32K5c5DO7EIwtLkhBJAxVYxHW7S3xoqQZxVI.gbk8Bx18CVJIiUxYi.IrPbEiTwND83yiKnQDiWyLa2sCdu4v_BpuYUisX9SAYCRlUfH.udHgRwR7Do62XlwazOdUFkKRhAcI8pTHWRffYhQpNFALtmomBZMBY3.UDS8Zt0jx70KTab2AphyFL4XSQTtrc9Tpg_hfGkr9J1H5kyim00TjWF02wiqMeWxvDoMu25bkbeFXIPKU..QJpPxpDOe.obKWhsmZxF7FeqTVylzSvokm6J9EAw54u1NpM7yxgEmuheBFtIpOAe.52PcgSp4CvNMjbH0ZoF8WXcjgEsZYy9KwcP2q2I3WqqAXgI5qn53hkVykXLnexOlPFhVN7sfIqP9dqVOcIyB1CQ7l2NriZPwZ8c.9j8FPyMp.AVNfDbZkmJlhHCRs3ZZj45nkaFoWHJLnQzCnPNJHij_Poxn8XUPJnILzQMRrft0R3vxJtK45gWLUqjML_0R1n9zQxRj_IXcuKN4R6HL2n7FuvZSJfGwummvy2wCS6YHY4UeaORUSK3aZN0IqT9sdLv6facvA.t5WMr0ZdTRFr85xq_o.9X9Bi2_59_QyWVwLbx1stm5WPpIYsj6zPJ5MPq5fCjklmh5l1skCKRCAfUD.IqCLgO4wjeh15eabeHPpkwFoVd8R5WJi9osOVMgtpf6hdwRxkY8ucodlIfTN._BQgZOIsRda0801xB.5HmrEx_c.pgc4h6F0Ijc3p3GSuMy6cGdgyqRIsiu0NoyQ01yOKxOtPvb43Ah1ssAsbiZk756V2f1dlaVJUN6y3t3agdSogRKstm4XcxgJzpiIj_z0vejCrKjCl9EasZt6b6bsYyCmGM2ifRuc6wHcBYQQCENYtc0VGZt9MiX7xbzhbrIEb0Xi1jPQ1QFyMRe9hAM8bAgzzBlgJKD2JPLazxMe5ByJaEqePIv8I5mTSJNVbNUjyuvc794pDWRJOLHYireEZUWbjdiztrXe500phf.A1eQP917T5BtPPvlDBsoHPDG.IRhu7PMt0Vj5lkbU.8_qy6lpIx9oZtwSPxafna2yinzuyl6BYnkys74Ql4qn5ZfJHlzta9tdmnc2FQ6AwCKyrymZoxpWs90JOhbjd1N5.OvmGvlsLxvR3BPuy8HerKaNoQjJwYkKUgHArapIOWrhXhGJn_NI5huesfxYFcnikD2wfYKnTUeb24LY9lAmEPqCJq_ifAkLLmK35Pt.MvhXIlMbp0Y9gSZEdaeCoxhVDVx3aNc.dUQa.ZBjeIKQz1zG.1OtB3MG7f48v7sluZNn0RzJO420Jbo7p85tzx.IeeFq3oHjsQ6aG9kXwTLL0ql6bO_fWn19UaK0xlI0aqweK.Rn1R1Fd6VIxTStMRHwsYOWTLoBU92MQKNkVKdVz5xtEPOd1xjZfLxJVoLZZSt4rZeWV_34cTMGhSKQTIgKn9bxwQDKtUtwWeNTpvBBnvf9wG6tTZX0Th9N45ALQgXBkKKW6wMiQAZZI_6KAXYDkwljSmmQ0C4csomL_C.7wyjyNJwn3CVvSJd1RG4TLk8rT1JzNYu5Jm.0LOONxCdfBP_yoPWTonD5FFC4cjs9h33hihTeQUPqAH7KaGPShtz_09JKysPXnidgJ3AP03gAeTsz1yJ5lVCPVu.Nx4rvpnZdfkLcYJ7W_VQOuDby9VEGpT6PXlUh9weAlalDlB9zGJX9KcnKe8kLT9Clc0uSdk4JKD56EAGcVnG7ru56_Y9kB9g7BDMZ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133ad68ce46fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/188234\/internationalization-strategies-and-firm-productivity-manufacturing-firm-level-evidence-from-ethiopia?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Dk3vx1KdgoWftBDGb4mg4oO34P8.zVSB8fsXh7dzDlk-1739773287-1.0.1.1-Gtze7JHcUvrg8at9dW3Y09pbQI5ocfrgHE55i40O7qk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>