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href="#In_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>In Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_European_fraternities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_European_fraternities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>In European fraternities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_European_fraternities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_post-nominals_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_post-nominals_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Order of post-nominals in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_post-nominals_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_usage_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_usage_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4.1</span> <span>Civil usage in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_usage_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_usage_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_usage_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4.2</span> <span>Academic usage in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_usage_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_post-nominals_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_post-nominals_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Order of post-nominals in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-Higher_education_qualifications_in_the_US" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education_qualifications_in_the_US"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Higher education qualifications in the US</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education_qualifications_in_the_US-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etiquette_for_medical_qualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiquette_for_medical_qualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Etiquette for medical qualifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etiquette_for_medical_qualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medical_qualifications_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_qualifications_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Medical qualifications in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_qualifications_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etiquette_for_fellowships_or_memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiquette_for_fellowships_or_memberships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Etiquette for fellowships or memberships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etiquette_for_fellowships_or_memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Learned_societies_and_professional_bodies_in_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Learned_societies_and_professional_bodies_in_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Learned societies and professional bodies in Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Learned_societies_and_professional_bodies_in_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Learned_societies,_royal_academies_and_professional_institutions_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Learned_societies,_royal_academies_and_professional_institutions_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Learned societies, royal academies and professional institutions in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Learned_societies,_royal_academies_and_professional_institutions_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Post-nominal letters" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Letras_postnominales_en_el_Reino_Unido" title="Anexo:Letras postnominales en el Reino Unido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Letras postnominales en el Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_post-nominales" title="Lettres post-nominales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lettres post-nominales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84%EB%92%A4_%EC%B9%AD%ED%98%B8" title="이름뒤 칭호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이름뒤 칭호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettere_post-nominali" title="Lettere post-nominali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lettere post-nominali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postnominale_letters" title="Postnominale letters – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Postnominale letters" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" 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title="Post-nominal letters – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Post-nominal letters" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%B3%E9%8A%9C" title="勳銜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勳銜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2330404#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Postnominal" redirects here. For adjectives that follow their noun, see <a href="/wiki/Postpositive_adjective" title="Postpositive adjective">Postnominal adjective</a>.</div><p><b>Post-nominal letters</b>, also called <b>post-nominal initials</b>, <b>post-nominal titles</b>, <b>designatory letters</b>, or simply <b>post-nominals</b>, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of <a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">name suffix</a>. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">pre-nominal letters</a> precede the name rather than following it, such as addressing a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> or <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> as "Dr. Smith". </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of post-nominal letters">List of post-nominal letters</a></div> <p>Different awards and post-nominal letters are in use in the English-speaking countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Listing_order">Listing order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Listing order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The order in which post-nominal letters are listed after a person's name is dictated by standard practice, which may vary by region and context. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Australia">In Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(Australia)" title="List of post-nominal letters (Australia)">List of post-nominal letters (Australia)</a></div> <p>Various University Style Guides, such as: the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> Style Guide and the Australian Government Style Manual and that of the various State Governments. </p><p>Outside of any specific academic or State or Federal Government requirement, then in the following order: </p> <ol><li>Those Honours promulgated by the Governor-General in the Commonwealth Government Gazette, e.g. Current National and former Imperial honours</li> <li>Those Honours and Appointments promulgated by a State Governor or Territory Administrator in the relevant State Government Gazette, e.g. Fellows of the Royal Society of NSW (FRSN), King's Counsels (KC).</li> <li>All honorary degrees included in an Australian university's Annual Report to an Australian Parliament.</li> <li>Fellowships and memberships of professional bodies and learned societies incorporated by a statutory instrument i.e. a Royal Charter under the Australian (not a foreign) Crown (e.g. the Australian Academy of Science, the Australian Academy of the Humanities, the Institution of Engineers Australia, the Australian Institute of Building, and the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy) or an Act of Parliament (such as the Bar Associations of some States)</li> <li>Parliamentary designations</li> <li>Foreign Honours where permitted by Australian Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs.</li> <li>Fellowships and memberships of other Australian Professional Institutions.</li> <li>Australian Qualifications, ideally with date and institution, in descending order (with the highest closest after the name).</li> <li>Foreign Professional Memberships.</li> <li>Foreign Qualifications.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Canada">In Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(Canada)" title="List of post-nominal letters (Canada)">List of post-nominal letters (Canada)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Canadian government's</a> <i>The Canadian Style</i> specifies that no more than two sets of post-nominal letters should normally be given, unless all are to be given either for information or for reasons of protocol, and that these should be the two highest of different types. The types and the order in which they are given are:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Distinctions conferred directly by the Crown</li> <li>University degrees</li> <li>Memberships of societies and other distinctions</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_European_fraternities">In European fraternities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In European fraternities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Going back to the mid 17th century, today's classical European fraternities such as the <a href="/wiki/German_Student_Corps" title="German Student Corps">German Student Corps</a> have used post-nominal symbols and letters to allow their members to indicate their fraternity membership and honorary positions held in their signature. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zirkel_of_Corps_Altsachsen_Dresden.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zirkel_of_Corps_Altsachsen_Dresden.png/100px-Zirkel_of_Corps_Altsachsen_Dresden.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zirkel_of_Corps_Altsachsen_Dresden.png/150px-Zirkel_of_Corps_Altsachsen_Dresden.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Zirkel_of_Corps_Altsachsen_Dresden.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="172" /></a><figcaption>The <b><a href="/wiki/Zirkel_(Studentenverbindung)" title="Zirkel (Studentenverbindung)">Zirkel</a></b> of a <a href="/wiki/German_Student_Corps" title="German Student Corps">German Student Corps</a>. This symbol captures the letters "v, c, f, A", as post-nominal for that fraternity.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Order_of_post-nominals_in_the_UK">Order of post-nominals in the UK</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Order of post-nominals in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(United_Kingdom)" title="List of post-nominal letters (United Kingdom)">List of post-nominal letters (United Kingdom)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Civil_usage_in_the_UK">Civil usage in the UK</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Civil usage in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom various sources have issued guidance on the ordering of styles and titles for British citizens, including the Ministry of Justice, <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A & C Black">A & C Black</a>'s <i>Titles and Forms of Address</i>; these are generally in close agreement, with the exception of the position of MP, etc., in the listing:<sup id="cite_ref-MoJ_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoJ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Debrett's_post_nominals_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debrett's_post_nominals-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Bt/Bart</a> or <a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esq</a>; <ul><li>In the UK, "Esq." may refer to any gentleman in place of the pre-nominal Mr or Dr;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom">British Orders and decorations</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire">OBE</a>; in descending order of precedence);</li> <li>Crown Appointments, i.e.:<div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Counsellor_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Counsellor (United Kingdom)">Privy Counsellor</a> (PC), <a href="/wiki/Personal_aide-de-camp" title="Personal aide-de-camp">Personal aide-de-camp</a> (ADC), <a href="/wiki/Physician_to_the_King" title="Physician to the King">Physician to the King</a> (KHP), <a href="/wiki/Medical_Household" title="Medical Household">Honorary Surgeon to the King</a> (KHS), <a href="/wiki/Medical_Household" title="Medical Household">Honorary Dental Surgeon to the King</a> (KHDS), <a href="/wiki/Medical_Household" title="Medical Household">Honorary Nursing Sister to the King</a> (KHNS), and <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Chaplain_to_the_King" title="Honorary Chaplain to the King">Honorary Chaplain to the King</a> (KHC)</li><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">King's Counsel</a> (KC), <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice of the Peace">Justice of the Peace</a> (JP) and <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">Deputy Lieutenant</a> (DL); (according to the Ministry of Justice) Member of Parliament or of a devolved assembly (<a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">MSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (Northern Ireland)">MLA</a>);</li></ol></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">University degrees</a>: <ul><li>According to Debrett's, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Divinity" title="Doctor of Divinity">DD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Surgery" title="Master of Surgery">MS</a> degrees are always given; other doctorates, other medical degrees, and other divinity degrees are sometimes given; and other degrees are seldom shown, with BA and MA never used socially (although formal lists may include them);<sup id="cite_ref-Debrett's_degrees_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debrett's_degrees-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>  <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institutes</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_St_Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St Francis">SSF</a>),</li><li>Medical qualifications (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians#Membership_and_fellowship" title="Royal College of Physicians">FRCP</a>);</li></ol></div></li> <li>  <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>Fellowship of <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">learned societies</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts">FRSA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society">FRGS</a>),</li><li>Royal Academicians and associates, (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts#Membership" title="Royal Academy of Arts">RA, ARA</a>),</li><li>Fellowships, Membership, etc. of professional institutions, associations, etc. (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Institution_of_Civil_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers">FICE</a>) – chartered and other professional statuses should be shown before the designatory letters for the relevant professional body (e.g. CEng FMIET; EngTech TMIET),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>According to Debrett's: <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Writers_to_Her_Majesty%27s_Signet" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Writers to Her Majesty's Signet">Writers to the Signet</a> (WS);</li></ol></div></li> <li>According to Debrett's and Black's: Member of Parliament (MP), etc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what does the etc encompass? (June 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (Black's also includes Writers to the Signet here);</li> <li>Membership of the Armed Forces (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Reserves_(United_Kingdom)" title="Volunteer Reserves (United Kingdom)">VR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">RM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Police" title="Royal Military Police">RMP</a>) (not included by Black's).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>In addition, British citizens who have received honours from <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries are usually given permission from the King to use the postnominals for that honour.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Academic_usage_in_the_UK">Academic usage in the UK</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Academic usage in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford University</a> Style Guide and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">University of Nottingham</a> Style Guide give the alternative ordering:<sup id="cite_ref-OxStyle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxStyle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Civil honours</li> <li>Military honours</li> <li>KC</li> <li>Degrees in the order: <ol><li>Bachelor's</li> <li>Master's</li> <li>Doctorates</li> <li>Postdoctoral</li></ol></li> <li>Diplomas</li> <li>Certificates</li> <li>Membership of academic or professional bodies</li></ol> <p>This differs from the civil ordering in that it omits appointments except for KC, includes diplomas and certificates in addition to degrees, merges medical qualifications, fellowships of learned societies, royal academicians, and membership of professional bodies into a single item, and omits membership of the armed forces. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a> gives a very similar ordering, but with "Appointments (e.g MP, KC)" replacing item 3 (KC) and "Higher Education awards (in ascending order, commencing with undergraduate)" replacing items 4–6 (degrees, diplomas and certificates). This restores the Appointments section from the civil list omitted by Oxford and Nottingham, although the other differences remain.<sup id="cite_ref-Lboro_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lboro-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent University</a> gives essentially the same ordering as Oxford and Nottingham, but without specifying the order in which degrees should be given.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nottingham Trent, Oxford and Loughborough recommend degree abbreviations be given in mixed case without stops between the letters (e.g. BA, not B.A.; PhD, not Ph.D.), as does <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>, however, uses all small caps for post-nominals (e.g. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">phd</span>, not PhD).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Where all degrees are shown, as in university calendars, most universities will give these in ascending order.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, advice on the precise ordering varies: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> Calendar Style Guide places degrees in the order: bachelor's degrees (including postgraduate bachelor's degrees such as the Oxford <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Civil_Law" title="Bachelor of Civil Law">BCL</a>) and other first degrees; master's degrees (including those that are first degrees, such as <a href="/wiki/MPhys" class="mw-redirect" title="MPhys">MPhys</a>); doctorates; higher doctorates in order of academic precedence. Degrees at the same level are ordered alphabetically by awarding institution and multiple degrees from the same institution are grouped, with position determined by the lowest degree in the grouping. Certificates and diplomas are listed after degrees (no mention is made of foundation degrees). Oxford recommends giving institution names separated by a space from the degree, not enclosed in parentheses, and that degrees from the same institution be separated by spaces only, with commas between degrees from different institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-OxCal_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxCal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a> advises listing all higher education awards in ascending order starting from undergraduate, so MPhys would come before BCL and postgraduate certificates and diplomas would come between undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. The examples given do not include institution names.<sup id="cite_ref-Lboro_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lboro-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Order_of_post-nominals_in_the_United_States">Order of post-nominals in the United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Order of post-nominals in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_designations_in_the_United_States" title="List of professional designations in the United States">List of professional designations in the United States</a></div> <p>In the United States, standard protocol is to list post-nominal letters in the following order:<sup id="cite_ref-US_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Religious institutions</li> <li>Theological degrees</li> <li>Military decorations</li> <li>Academic degrees</li> <li>Honorary degrees, honors, decorations</li> <li>Professional licenses, certifications and affiliations</li> <li>Retired uniformed service.</li></ol> <p>Active duty services personnel do not use any post-nominals other than, if applicable, Staff Corps affiliation (Navy only) followed by a comma and then their branch of service. Names are bracketed by the appropriate pre-nominal and post-nominal, e.g. LCDR John Q Public, MC, USN.<sup id="cite_ref-US_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etiquette_for_higher_educational_qualifications">Etiquette for higher educational qualifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Etiquette for higher educational qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Higher_education_qualifications_in_the_UK">Higher education qualifications in the UK</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Higher education qualifications in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, it is usual to list only doctorates, degrees in medicine, and degrees in divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-Debrett's_degrees_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debrett's_degrees-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, when a person has letters indicating Crown honours or decorations, only the principal degree would normally be given.<sup id="cite_ref-Debrett's_post_nominals_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debrett's_post_nominals-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University of Oxford Style Guide advises writers: "Remember that you do not need to list all awards, degrees, memberships etc held by an individual – only those items relevant to your writing."<sup id="cite_ref-OxStyle_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxStyle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an academic context, or in formal lists, all degrees may be listed in ascending order of academic status, which may not be the same as the order in which they were obtained (although see notes on medical qualifications, below). The Oxford style is to list qualifications by their title starting with bachelor's degrees, then master's degrees, then doctorates. Postgraduate Certificates and Diplomas are listed after doctorates, but before professional qualifications,<sup id="cite_ref-OxCal_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxCal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a similar ordering being used by other universities.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this style, foundation degrees and other sub-bachelor qualifications are not shown. An alternative style is to give all higher education qualifications, starting from undergraduate, ordered by their level rather than their title. In this style, one might list a <a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of higher education">Certificate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diploma_of_higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploma of higher education">Diploma of Higher Education</a> first, then <a href="/wiki/Foundation_degree" title="Foundation degree">foundation degrees</a>, first degrees at bachelor level, first degrees at master level (integrated master's degrees and first degrees in medicine), postgraduate degrees at master level (including postgraduate bachelor's degrees such the Oxford BCL), and doctorates. In this style, postgraduate certificates and diplomas could be shown either before postgraduate degrees at master's level (as in the table given by Loughborough University) or before first degrees at master's level (reflecting their position in the <a href="/wiki/Frameworks_for_Higher_Education_Qualifications_of_UK_Degree-Awarding_Bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies">Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Lboro_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lboro-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strictly speaking, both the Debrett's and Ministry of Justice lists only allow for the inclusion of degrees, not non-degree academic awards. </p><p>For someone with a substantive doctorate, it is usual either to give "Dr" as the title (without a stop per normal British usage) or to list their degrees post-nominally, e.g. "Dr John Smith" or "John Smith, PhD" but not "Dr John Smith, PhD". Postnominals may be used with other titles, e.g. "Mr John Smith, PhD", "Sir John Smith, PhD", or "The Rev John Smith, PhD".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the case of a BA from Oxford, Cambridge or Dublin who proceeds to be an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)">MA of those universities</a> (which is taken without further study), the MA replaces the BA and thus only the MA should be listed.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oxford has said that there is no risk of confusion between their MA and "earned" MAs as the Oxford MA is denoted "MA (Oxon)" rather than simply MA.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Debrett's has advised using just "MA" to describe a Cambridge Master of Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Graduates from British and Irish universities sometimes add the name of the university that awarded their degree after the post-nominals for their degree, either in parentheses or not, depending on preferred style. University names are often abbreviated and sometimes given in Latin, e.g."BA, MA (Dunelm), PhD (Ebor)";<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a list of abbreviations used for university names can be found at <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Post-nominal_abbreviations" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom#Post-nominal abbreviations</a>. Where the same degree has been granted by more than one university, this can be shown by placing the names or abbreviations in a single bracket after the degree name, e.g. "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a></span>, Mus.D. (Oxon., Cantab., Dunelm. et Yale, U.S.A.), LL.D. (Leeds, Aberdeen, and W. University, Pennsylvania.)".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degrees</a>, if shown, can be indicated either by "Hon" before the post-nominals for the degree or "hc" (for <i>honoris causa</i>) after the post-nominals, e.g. "Professor <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Ebsworth" title="Evelyn Ebsworth">Evelyn Algernon Valentine Ebsworth</a> CBE, PhD, MA, ScD, <b>DCL hc</b>, FRSC, <a href="/wiki/FRSE" class="mw-redirect" title="FRSE">FRSE</a>" (emphasis added);<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Professor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> <b>Hon.ScD</b>, CH, CBE, FRS" (emphasis added).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Oxford University Calendar Style Guide recommends not giving honorary degrees in post-nominals.<sup id="cite_ref-OxCal_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxCal-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Higher_education_qualifications_in_the_US">Higher education qualifications in the US</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Higher education qualifications in the US"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In academia and research, all degrees may be listed. In general, however, it is normal to only list those relevant to the circumstance. For example, if Jane Doe had a BS, MS, and PhD in computer science as well as an MBA, then if working in management in a retail company she would write "Jane Doe, MBA", but if working in an IT company she might write "Jane Doe, PhD", and if working in academia she could write "Jane Doe, BS, MS, MBA, PhD".<sup id="cite_ref-US_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Gregg_Reference_Manual" title="The Gregg Reference Manual">The Gregg Reference Manual</a> recommends placing periods between the letters of post-nominals (e.g., <i>B.S.</i>, <i>Ph.D.</i>); however, <a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style" title="The Chicago Manual of Style">The Chicago Manual of Style</a> recommends writing degrees without periods (e.g., <i>BS</i>, <i>PhD</i>). If post-nominals are given, the full name should be used, without Dr., Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss. Other prefixes (e.g., <i>Professor</i>) may be used.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etiquette_for_medical_qualifications">Etiquette for medical qualifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Etiquette for medical qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medical_qualifications_in_the_UK">Medical qualifications in the UK</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Medical qualifications in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to the style for academic qualifications, medical qualifications are listed in <i>descending</i> order, i.e.: doctorates, master's degrees, bachelor's degrees, postgraduate diplomas, and qualifying diplomas. Letters indicating doctorates, master's degrees and fellowships of royal colleges are always given, while bachelor's degrees, memberships and qualifying diplomas are only shown for people with no higher qualifications. In all but formal lists, only three medical qualifications are normally given.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Where someone holds qualifications in multiple fields, they are normally given in the order: medicine, surgery (except for MRCS, which is considered a qualifying diploma), obstetrics, gynaecology and other specialities. These are followed by qualifying diplomas and other diplomas.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The academic style guides do not have a separate section for medical qualifications, so if following one of these guides, medical degrees should be listed with other degrees, medical diplomas with other diplomas, and fellowships and memberships of royal colleges with other fellowships and memberships of professional bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etiquette_for_fellowships_or_memberships">Etiquette for fellowships or memberships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Etiquette for fellowships or memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Learned_societies_and_professional_bodies_in_Africa">Learned societies and professional bodies in Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Learned societies and professional bodies in Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, learned societies and professional bodies use designatory letters for their members and fellowships. For example: </p> <ul><li>An Associate of the <a href="/wiki/African_Planning_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="African Planning Society">African Planning Society</a> uses the post-nominal AAPS, e.g. "George Kumba AAPS." A Member of the <a href="/wiki/African_Planning_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="African Planning Society">African Planning Society</a> is entitled to use the post-nominal, MAPS, e.g. "Archimedes Muzenda MAPS." A Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/African_Planning_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="African Planning Society">African Planning Society</a> is entitled to use postnominals, FAPS, e.g. "Innocent Chirisa FAPS."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A Member of the Forestry Society of Kenya (FSK), a non-governmental professional membership organization of Kenyan Foresters, is entitled to use the post-nominal, MFSK, e.g. "Charity Kosgei MFSK."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Learned_societies,_royal_academies_and_professional_institutions_in_the_UK"><span id="Learned_societies.2C_royal_academies_and_professional_institutions_in_the_UK"></span>Learned societies, royal academies and professional institutions in the UK</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Learned societies, royal academies and professional institutions in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK there is, according to <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a>, no defined order of precedence for placing designatory letters for <a href="/wiki/Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellowship">fellowships</a> of <a href="/wiki/Learned_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Learned societies">learned societies</a> and memberships of <a href="/wiki/Professional_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional bodies">professional bodies</a> within their respective groups. Debrett's suggests that "In practice, where one society is indisputably of greater importance than another the letters are usually placed in that order. Alternatively, the fellowship of the junior society may be omitted. If such precedence cannot be determined, the letters may be placed in order of conferment. Where this is not known, they may be placed in alphabetical order."<sup id="cite_ref-learned_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-learned-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier guidance that "Strictly speaking, they should be arranged according to date of foundation or incorporation of the societies concerned"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has now been removed. </p><p>Only postnominals indicating honorific fellowships (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering">FREng</a>) are normally used socially. For professional bodies it is usual to list those most relevant to a person's profession first, or those most relevant to the particular circumstances. It is common to omit fellowships (except honorific fellowships) and memberships that are not relevant in a given situation.<sup id="cite_ref-learned_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-learned-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Debrett's notes that although <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academicians">Royal Academicians</a> are listed after fellows of learned societies (and before members of professional bodies), they do not yield to them in precedence, "In practice the two lists do not coincide."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distinction between a learned society and a professional body is not well defined. Many organisations (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>) claim to be both learned societies and professional bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is clear from both the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Justice</a> and Debrett's that only <i>fellowships</i> of learned societies are listed, while <i>fellowships and memberships</i> may be listed for professional bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Example_farm plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists#List_size" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">irrelevant</a> examples</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit">improve the article</a> by adding descriptive text and removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Example_cruft" title="Wikipedia:Example cruft">less pertinent examples</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Examples of post-nominal letters: </p> <ul><li>A Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> is authorised to use the post-nominal KBE, e.g. "Sir <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry Wogan</a> KBE DL" (DL indicating he was <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">Deputy Lieutenant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>).</li> <li>A Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> uses the post-nominal FRS and a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> FRSE, e.g. "Professor Malcolm Longair CBE, FRS, FRSE" (CBE indicating he is also a Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> may use the post-nominal PhD or DPhil (according to the usage of the awarding institution), or the pre-nominals Dr or Dr., e.g. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(character)" title="Indiana Jones (character)">Indiana Jones</a> could be styled "Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr." or "Henry Walton Jones, Jr., PhD", but not "Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr., PhD".</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_Diploma" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgraduate Diploma">Postgraduate Diploma</a> is indicated by the post-nominals PgDip. Someone with a BA, MA and postgraduate diploma could write "BA PgDip MA"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or (following the Oxford Calendar's style) "BA MA PgDip".</li> <li>Commonly seen postnominals for religious orders include OFM for the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a>), SJ for the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a> (<a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a>), e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Jorge Bergoglio</a>, SJ,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and OP for the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_Preachers" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Preachers">Order of Preachers</a>); most other <a href="/wiki/Religious_institute_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious institute (Catholic)">Catholic religious institutes</a> have specific post-nominal letters.</li> <li>A BA graduate of the <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a> could indicate the university from which they got their degree using "BA (Open)" or "BA Open".</li> <li>Someone with a BSc from Cardiff, an MSc from London and a PhD from Cardiff could write "BSc PhD Card, MSc Lond", or "BSc Card, MSc Lond, PhD Card"; alternatively they could choose to omit the lower degrees and simply write "PhD Card" ("London" may be substituted for "Lond" and "Cardiff" for "Card", and institution names could be enclosed in parentheses). If not indicating the awarding universities, they would write "BSc MSc PhD", or simply "PhD".</li> <li>A member of the British parliament may use the postnominals "MP", e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Caroline Lucas</a> MP".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note the post-nominals MP may not be used once someone ceases to be a Member of Parliament, including after Parliament has been dissolved for an election.</li> <li>A peer who is a member of the Privy Council may use the postnominals "PC"; for non-peers, the pre-nominal "Right Honourable", abbreviated "Rt Hon", identifies them as members.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus: "The Rt Hon <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but "The Rt Hon <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Earl Grey</a> KG PC" (KG indicating he was also a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Garter">Knight of the Garter</a>).</li> <li>Chartered status is shown before the relevant professional membership, e.g. "Prof. Dame <a href="/wiki/Carole_Jordan" title="Carole Jordan">Carole Jordan</a> DBE FRS CPhys FInstP", where DBE indicates Dame Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>, FRS Fellow of the Royal Society, CPhys <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Physicist" title="Chartered Physicist">Chartered Physicist</a>, and FInstP Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics" title="Institute of Physics">Institute of Physics</a>, the awarding body for CPhys.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the UK, someone who earned a BA, MA and BSc in that order would normally write "BA, BSc, MA", but in Australia they would normally write "BA, MA, BSc".</li> <li>"Reverend Canon Mark Tanner MA (Oxon), BA (Hons), MTh"<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> demonstrates: 1) the use of '(Oxon)' to indicate an <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxbridge MA">Oxbridge MA</a> (to avoid confusion with an earned MA); 2) the use of '(Hons)' to indicate an <a href="/wiki/Honours_degree" title="Honours degree">honours degree</a>; 3) ordering of degrees by date gained.</li> <li>In Belgium, the persons officially admitted to the Royal Association of Descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Noble_Houses_of_Brussels" title="Seven Noble Houses of Brussels">Seven Noble Houses of Brussels</a> are entitled to place the post-nominal initials <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(Belgium)" title="List of post-nominal letters (Belgium)">PB</a> (Patricius Bruxellensis) or - in case they hold a title of nobility - <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(Belgium)" title="List of post-nominal letters (Belgium)">NBP</a> (Nobilis Patricius Bruxellensis) behind their name.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of post-nominal letters">List of post-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tcdnstyl-chap?lang=eng&lettr=chapsect1&info0=1.08#zz1">"1.08 University degrees, professional designations, military decorations, honours, awards and memberships"</a>. <i>The Canadian Style</i>. Public Works and Government Services Canada. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ministry of Justice (UK). 2009-03-14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.uk/guidance/foa-hons-and-decs.htm">the original</a> on 2011-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honours+and+Decorations&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Justice+%28UK%29&rft.date=2009-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.uk%2Fguidance%2Ffoa-hons-and-decs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debrett's_post_nominals-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debrett's_post_nominals_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debrett's_post_nominals_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debretts.com/expertise/forms-of-address/letters-after-the-name/">"Forms of address: Hierarchies: Letters after the name"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forms+of+address%3A+Hierarchies%3A+Letters+after+the+name&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fexpertise%2Fforms-of-address%2Fletters-after-the-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VkqCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA165"><i>Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use</i></a> (22nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A & C Black">A & C Black</a>, an imprint of <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. 10 October 2014. pp. <span class="nowrap">163–</span>165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408103098" title="Special:BookSources/9781408103098"><bdi>9781408103098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titles+and+Forms+of+Address%3A+A+Guide+to+Correct+Use&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E165&rft.edition=22nd&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black%2C+an+imprint+of+Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft.isbn=9781408103098&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVkqCBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160528223726/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/untitled-men">"Untitled Men"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Use+of+designatory+letters&rft.pub=Institution+of+Engineering+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theiet.org%2Fmembership%2Fmanage%2Fuse-designatory-letters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316012558/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/armed-forces">"Letters after the name: Armed Forces"</a>. Debrett's. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letters+after+the+name%3A+Armed+Forces&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fhierarchies%2Fletters-after-name%2Farmed-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/commonwealth-honours">"Commonwealth Honours"</a>. <i>The Royal Family</i>. 12 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/professions/medical-professions/medical-qualifications">the original</a> on 28 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+Qualifications&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fprofessions%2Fmedical-professions%2Fmedical-qualifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/religious-and-medical-qualifications">"Religious and Medical Qualifications"</a>. Debrett's<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+and+Medical+Qualifications&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fhierarchies%2Fletters-after-name%2Freligious-and-medical-qualifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africaplanning.org/postnominals/">"Postnominal Letters of the African Planning Society"</a>. <i>African Planning Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+Planning+Society&rft.atitle=Postnominal+Letters+of+the+African+Planning+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricaplanning.org%2Fpostnominals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsk.or.ke/">"Forestry Society of Kenya"</a>. <i>Forestry Society of Kenya</i>. 15 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forestry+Society+of+Kenya&rft.atitle=Forestry+Society+of+Kenya&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffsk.or.ke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-learned-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-learned_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-learned_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328115145/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/fellowships-learned-societies">"Fellowships of Learned Societies"</a>. Debrett's. 28 March 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fellowships+of+Learned+Societies&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fhierarchies%2Fletters-after-name%2Ffellowships-learned-societies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203072752/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/fellowships-learned-societies">"Fellowships of Learned Societies"</a>. <i>Wayback Machine</i>. Debrett's. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wayback+Machine&rft.atitle=Fellowships+of+Learned+Societies&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fhierarchies%2Fletters-after-name%2Ffellowships-learned-societies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160528100722/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/professional-fellowships">"Professional Fellowships"</a>. Debrett's. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/professional-fellowships">the original</a> on 28 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professional+Fellowships&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fhierarchies%2Fletters-after-name%2Fprofessional-fellowships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160528100820/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/royal-academicians-and-associates">"Royal Academicians and Associates"</a>. Debrett's. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/royal-academicians-and-associates">the original</a> on 28 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Academicians+and+Associates&rft.pub=Debrett%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fhierarchies%2Fletters-after-name%2Froyal-academicians-and-associates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/about-us/our-charter/">"Our Charter"</a>. Royal Society of Chemistry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'As a <b>learned society</b> we are concerned with advancing chemistry as a science, developing its applications, and disseminating chemical knowledge. As a <b>professional body</b> we maintain professional qualifications and set high standards of competence and conduct for professional chemists. We also provide a wide range of services and activities of value both to members, and to the community.' (emphasis added)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Charter&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-charter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/directory/longairm">"Professor Malcolm Longair CBE, FRS, FRSE"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> Department of Physics. 29 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Malcolm+Longair+CBE%2C+FRS%2C+FRSE&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge+Department+of+Physics&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phy.cam.ac.uk%2Fdirectory%2Flongairm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cssd.ac.uk/staff/peter-mcallister-ba-pgdip-ma">"Peter McAllister, BA, PGDip, MA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+McAllister%2C+BA%2C+PGDip%2C+MA&rft.pub=Royal+Central+School+of+Speech+and+Drama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cssd.ac.uk%2Fstaff%2Fpeter-mcallister-ba-pgdip-ma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Reese2013" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Reese (30 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/mind-francis-denying-communion">"The Mind of Francis: Denying Communion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Catholic_Reporter" title="National Catholic Reporter">National Catholic Reporter</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=The+Mind+of+Francis%3A+Denying+Communion&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.au=Thomas+Reese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fncronline.org%2Fblogs%2Fncr-today%2Fmind-francis-denying-communion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/caroline-lucas/3930">"Caroline Lucas MP"</a>. <i>Parliament.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Caroline+Lucas+MP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbiographies%2Fcommons%2Fcaroline-lucas%2F3930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160528100708/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/privy-counsellors-and-crown-appointments">"Privy Counsellors and Crown Appointments"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name/privy-counsellors-and-crown-appointments">the original</a> on 28 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Privy+Counsellors+and+Crown+Appointments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Fhierarchies%2Fletters-after-name%2Fprivy-counsellors-and-crown-appointments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/David-Cameron/1467">"Rt Hon David Cameron MP"</a>. <i>Parliament.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Rt+Hon+David+Cameron+MP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbiographies%2Fcommons%2FDavid-Cameron%2F1467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iop.org/about/governance/subsidiaries/annual-reports/file_65500.pdf">"Annual Review 2007"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics" title="Institute of Physics">Institute of Physics</a>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Review+2007&rft.pub=Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iop.org%2Fabout%2Fgovernance%2Fsubsidiaries%2Fannual-reports%2Ffile_65500.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160905184115/http://www.newcastle.anglican.org/news-and-events/news-article.aspx?id=10113">"Canon Mark Tanner announced as new Suffragan Bishop of Berwick"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Newcastle" title="Diocese of Newcastle">Diocese of Newcastle</a>. 1 September 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newcastle.anglican.org/news-and-events/news-article.aspx?id=10113">the original</a> on 5 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canon+Mark+Tanner+announced+as+new+Suffragan+Bishop+of+Berwick&rft.pub=Diocese+of+Newcastle&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcastle.anglican.org%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews-article.aspx%3Fid%3D10113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APost-nominal+letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was a custom that is already found in the writings of Jan-Baptist Hauwaert, <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(Belgium)" title="List of post-nominal letters (Belgium)">NPB</a> (1533–1599).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/letters-after-name">Letters after the name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a> (UK usage)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.formsofaddress.info/post_nominals.html">How to Use Post-Nominal Abbreviations</a>, Robert Hickey (US usage)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Medal">medals</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Distinctions</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Lists</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By conferee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">Founts of honour</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_decoration" title="State decoration">States</a> <ul><li>and their national/public/official authorities</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_order" title="Dynastic order">Dynasties</a> <ul><li>heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_award" title="Ecclesiastical award">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organisations</a></li> <li>Commercial</li> <li><small>(<a href="/wiki/Self-styled_order" title="Self-styled order">Self-styled order</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Order of chivalry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_order_of_chivalry" title="Colonial order of chivalry">Colonial order</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_merit" title="Order of merit">Order of merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family_order" title="Royal family order">Royal family order</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Titles_(Styles,Post-nominal)136" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">Titles</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a>,<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Post-nominal</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_function11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessor_(law)" title="Assessor (law)">Assessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(order)" title="Bailiff (order)">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain#Other" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">Master of ceremonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> / <i>Grand Cordon</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry#Typical_insignia_and_ranks" title="Order of chivalry">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a></li> <li>Postulant <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squire" title="Squire">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_(servant)" title="Page (servant)">Page</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter#Order_charter" title="Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandery" title="Commandery">Commandery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">Obedience</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Lodge</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Others,<br />by field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">List of highest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_medal" title="Campaign medal">Campaign medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_awards_and_honors" title="List of law enforcement awards and honors">Law enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_awards_and_decorations" title="Civil awards and decorations">Civilian</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_awards_and_decorations" title="List of civil awards and decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_society" title="List of awards for contributions to society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_prizes" title="List of peace prizes">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intellectual_freedom_awards" title="List of intellectual freedom awards">Intellectual freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_rights_awards" title="List of human rights awards">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legal_awards" title="List of legal awards">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_and_service_awards" title="List of humanitarian and service awards">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politics_awards" title="List of politics awards">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volunteer_awards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of volunteer awards">Volunteer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_culture" title="List of awards for contributions to culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_awards" title="List of architecture awards">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_art_awards" title="Lists of art awards">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_awards" title="List of film awards">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_history_awards" title="List of history awards">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_awards" title="List of literary awards">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophy_awards" title="List of philosophy awards">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poetry_awards" title="List of poetry awards">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatre_awards" title="List of theatre awards">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_and_technology_awards" title="Lists of science and technology awards">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religion-related_awards" title="List of religion-related awards">Religion-related</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_decoration" title="Ecclesiastical decoration">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sport_awards" title="List of sport awards">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_awards_in_Scouting" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest awards in Scouting">Scouting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beauty_pageants" title="List of beauty pageants">Beauty</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_named_after_people" title="List of awards named after people">Named after <br />people</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For wearing<br /><i>(decorations)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelengk" title="Chelengk">Chelengk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(order)" title="Collar (order)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livery_collar" title="Livery collar">Livery collar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> / <i>Grand Cordon</i> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">sash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">Medal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necklet" title="Necklet">Necklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Medal bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_ribbon" title="Medal ribbon">Medal ribbon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe_of_honour" title="Robe of honour">Robe of honour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiraz" title="Tiraz">Tiraz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(decoration)" title="Rosette (decoration)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Award_pin" title="Award pin">Award pin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge" title="Badge">Badge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_badge" title="Pilgrim badge">Pilgrim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Championship_belt" title="Championship belt">Championship belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidered_patch" title="Embroidered patch">Embroidered patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaulette" title="Epaulette">Epaulette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Championship_ring" title="Championship ring">Championship ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin-back_button" title="Pin-back button">Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_button" title="Campaign button">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_lapel_button_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Service lapel button (disambiguation)">Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_mark" title="Shoulder mark">Shoulder mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prize" title="Prize">Prizes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booby_prize" title="Booby prize">Booby prize</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_spoon_(award)" title="Wooden spoon (award)">Wooden spoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal_toy" title="Deal toy">Deal toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquette" title="Plaquette">Plaquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_book" title="Prize book">Prize book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_money" title="Prize money">Prize money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_of_war" title="Prize of war">Prize of war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_trophy" title="War trophy">War trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trophy_collecting" title="Human trophy collecting">Human trophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(award)" title="Rosette (award)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy" title="Trophy">Trophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_trophy" title="Acrylic trophy">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_trophy" title="Participation trophy">Participation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_of_a_field_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field or the highest honors of a field">Prizes known as the Nobel of a field</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_the_Garter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/80px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/120px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/160px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="89" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/80px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/120px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/160px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="411" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><br /><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonies <br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">Accolade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigil#Medieval_knights" title="Vigil">Vigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feoffment" title="Feoffment">Feoffment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_fee" title="Passage fee">Passage fee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow" title="Vow">Vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_day" title="Collar day">Collar day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">Fraternity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_order" title="Fraternal order">Fraternal order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">Secret society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicate" title="Syndicate">Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellowship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_society" title="Honor society">Honor society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hereditary_and_lineage_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hereditary and lineage organizations">Hereditary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">Club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">Gentlemen's club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Orders_of_Chivalry" title="International Commission for Orders of Chivalry">International Commission for Orders of Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_flag" title="Service flag">Service flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">Battle honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_streamer" title="Campaign streamer">Campaign streamer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">Order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonga" title="Taonga">Taonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotional_medal" title="Devotional medal">Devotional medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awareness_ribbon" title="Awareness ribbon">Awareness ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">Code of conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_honor" title="Code of honor">Code of honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_society" title="High society">High society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><small>* = Direct or indirect reference to <a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">fount of honour</a> is the accepted criterion for official distinctions</small></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals" title="Category:Orders, decorations, and medals">Category:Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Orders,_decorations,_and_medals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals">Wikipedia:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Awards" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Awards">Wikipedia:WikiProject Awards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy390" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Personal_names" title="Template:Personal names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Personal_names" title="Template talk:Personal names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy390" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">Personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames <br />by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_names" title="Sakha names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_names" title="Mizo names">Mizo (Lushai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List of</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">authority</a> / <a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&oldid=1271985901">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Post-nominal_letters&oldid=1271985901</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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