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</a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elegia_scritta_in_un_cimitero_campestre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elegia_scritta_in_un_cimitero_campestre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elegia_scritta_in_un_cimitero_campestre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altre_opere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altre_opere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Altre opere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altre_opere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Gray</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 36 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8)" title="توماس غراي (كاتب) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توماس غراي (كاتب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89_(%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%89)" title="توماس جراى (ناقد ادبى من مملكه بريطانيا العظمى) - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس جراى (ناقد ادبى من مملكه بريطانيا العظمى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="توماس قری - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توماس قری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Томас Грей - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Томас Грей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9" title="Τόμας Γκρέι - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόμας Γκρέι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="توماس گری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس گری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99" title="תומאס גריי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס גריי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Թոմաս Գրեյ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմաս Գրեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4" title="トマス・グレイ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トマス・グレイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Томас Греј - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Томас Греј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="သောမတ်စ် ဂရေး - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သောမတ်စ် ဂရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грей, Томас - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грей, Томас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Томас Греј - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Томас Греј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas Gray" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ทอมัส เกรย์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทอมัส เกรย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Томас Ґрей - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томас Ґрей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="托馬斯·格雷 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托馬斯·格雷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q315516#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg/330px-PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg/440px-PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Thomas Gray</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thomas Gray</b> (<a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>, <a href="/wiki/26_dicembre" title="26 dicembre">26 dicembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/20_luglio" title="20 luglio">20 luglio</a> <a href="/wiki/1771" title="1771">1771</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Poeta" title="Poeta">poeta</a> <a href="/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra">inglese</a>, studioso dei classici e professore di <a href="/wiki/Storia" title="Storia">storia</a> all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Cambridge" title="Università di Cambridge">Università di Cambridge</a>, importante esponente del <a href="/wiki/Preromanticismo" title="Preromanticismo">preromanticismo</a> e uno dei principali esponenti della <a href="/wiki/Scuola_cimiteriale" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuola cimiteriale">poesia cimiteriale</a> o "sepolcrale" inglese assieme ad <a href="/wiki/Edward_Young" title="Edward Young">Edward Young</a>, con il suo capolavoro, l'<i><a href="/wiki/Elegia_scritta_in_un_cimitero_campestre" title="Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre">Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Thomas Gray nacque a <a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>, quinto di dodici figli (unico a raggiungere l'età adulta) e visse con la madre in ristrettezza dopo che questa lasciò il violento marito. Studiò all'<a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>, e diventò studente prima a <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse" title="Peterhouse">Peterhouse</a> e successivamente al <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College_(Cambridge)" title="Pembroke College (Cambridge)">Pembroke College</a> di <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Cambridge" title="Università di Cambridge">Cambridge</a>.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Gray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Thomas_Gray.jpg/180px-Thomas_Gray.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Thomas_Gray.jpg/270px-Thomas_Gray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Thomas_Gray.jpg/360px-Thomas_Gray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ritratto di Thomas Gray</figcaption></figure> <p>Durante i suoi studi fece la conoscenza di <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a><b>,</b> che accompagnò durante il suo viaggio formativo in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Tale viaggio (<i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></i>) era una consuetudine per i figli di famiglie benestanti per completare la loro educazione. Gray passò la maggior parte della sua vita come studioso a Cambridge, appartato e considerato "noioso" dai colleghi a causa della sua introversione, e solo molto più tardi, continuò a viaggiare. Nonostante fosse uno dei poeti meno produttivi (tutte le sue opere pubblicate durante la sua vita non raggiungono nemmeno le 1000 righe, in quanto, estremamente autocritico, completò solo 13 liriche e poemetti), è stato, assieme a <a href="/wiki/William_Collins" title="William Collins">William Collins</a>, la figura predominante della metà del <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII secolo</a>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1757" title="1757">1757</a>, gli fu offerto il titolo di <i><a href="/wiki/Poeta_laureato" title="Poeta laureato">poeta laureato</a></i> che però rifiutò. Nel <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a> egli succedette a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Brockett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Brockett (la pagina non esiste)">Lawrence Brockett</a> come Professore Regio di Storia a Cambridge, occupazione che non richiedeva una grande responsabilità. Morì a Cambridge a 54 anni nel 1771. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elegia_scritta_in_un_cimitero_campestre"><i>Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,<br />And all the beauty, all that wealth e'er gave,<br />Awaits alike the inevitable hour.<br />The paths of glory lead not but to the grave.» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«Il vanto di un nome illustre, lo sfarzo del potere<br />e tutta la bellezza, tutta la ricchezza che mai sia stata data,<br />attende allo stesso modo l'ora inevitabile.<br />I sentieri della gloria non portano che alla tomba.» </p> </div></div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Thomas Gray, <i>Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre</i>, versi 33-36</small>)</p></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray%27s_tomb,_Stoke_Poges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gray%27s_tomb%2C_Stoke_Poges.jpg/200px-Gray%27s_tomb%2C_Stoke_Poges.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gray%27s_tomb%2C_Stoke_Poges.jpg/300px-Gray%27s_tomb%2C_Stoke_Poges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gray%27s_tomb%2C_Stoke_Poges.jpg/400px-Gray%27s_tomb%2C_Stoke_Poges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sepolcri di Gray e della madre nel cimitero di Stoke Poges, dove scrisse l'<i>Elegia</i>, in cui manifestò anche il desiderio di riposare per sempre in quel luogo.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il componimento più celebre di Gray, <i><a href="/wiki/Elegia_scritta_in_un_cimitero_campestre" title="Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre">Elegia scritta in un cimitero campestre</a></i> (<i>Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) composta nel <a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a> probabilmente nel cimitero di <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Poges" title="Stoke Poges">Stoke Poges</a>, è diventata un'importante parte del patrimonio letterario inglese. Ancor oggi è una delle poesie più citate della <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">lingua inglese</a>, ed è scritta in quartine di decasillabi a rime alternate. </p><p>Si dice che prima della <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_delle_Piane_di_Abraham" class="mw-redirect" title="Battaglia delle Piane di Abraham">battaglia sulla piana di Abraham</a>, dove morirà, il generale inglese <a href="/wiki/James_Wolfe" title="James Wolfe">James Wolfe</a> recitò questa poesia ai suoi soldati, aggiungendo <i>"Signori, avrei preferito scrivere questa poesia che conquistare il Quebec domani"</i>. </p><p>Gray è riuscito a fondere forme tradizionali e dizione poetica con nuovi argomenti e modi d'espressione, diventando uno dei precursori del revival <a href="/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo">romantico</a>. </p><p>L'Elegia fu subito notata per la sua bellezza (sebbene Gray fosse stato criticato invece da <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>) ed i poeti della <i><a href="/wiki/Scuola_cimiteriale" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuola cimiteriale">scuola cimiteriale</a></i> furono così chiamati per i loro componimenti, scritti sulla base della poesia di Gray in un genere iniziato da <a href="/wiki/Edward_Young" title="Edward Young">Edward Young</a> con i suoi <i><a href="/wiki/Pensieri_notturni" title="Pensieri notturni">Pensieri notturni</a></i>. </p><p>In Italia molto note divennero la traduzione di <a href="/wiki/Melchiorre_Cesarotti" title="Melchiorre Cesarotti">Melchiorre Cesarotti</a> (noto traduttore dei <i><a href="/wiki/Canti_di_Ossian" title="Canti di Ossian">Canti di Ossian</a></i>) in endecasillabi sciolti (1772), quella di Giuseppe Torelli in quartine (1776) e quella ritmica (ma meno letterale) in rime alternate e quartine (la struttura dell'originale) del musicologo Taddeo Wiel (1906) contenente la celebre formulazione del verso <i>"Fair science frown'd not on his humble birth // And Melancholy marked him for her own"</i> tradotto come <i>"<a href="/wiki/Sapienza_(filosofia)" title="Sapienza (filosofia)">Sofia</a> non ne sdegnò l'umil natale / <a href="/wiki/Melanconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanconia">Melanconia</a> lo volle a sé devoto"</i>, con cui Gray descrive sé stesso e la figura dell'intellettuale romantico.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una delle più recenti e fedeli alle parole del testo è quella in quartine in versi liberi di D. Caminita (1976).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scene_in_a_churchyard_on_a_hill_by_John_Constable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Scene_in_a_churchyard_on_a_hill_by_John_Constable.jpg/200px-Scene_in_a_churchyard_on_a_hill_by_John_Constable.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Scene_in_a_churchyard_on_a_hill_by_John_Constable.jpg/300px-Scene_in_a_churchyard_on_a_hill_by_John_Constable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Scene_in_a_churchyard_on_a_hill_by_John_Constable.jpg/400px-Scene_in_a_churchyard_on_a_hill_by_John_Constable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Illustrazione di John Constable per la stanza V dell'<i>Elegia</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<i>Elegia</i> è pervasa di nostalgico e blando <a href="/wiki/Pessimismo" title="Pessimismo">pessimismo</a> <a href="/wiki/Pessimismo#Il_concetto_di_pessimismo" title="Pessimismo">"empirico"</a> e contemplativo, a sfondo <a href="/wiki/Cristianesimo" title="Cristianesimo">cristiano</a> come rivelano i versi finali, con il tema classico della celebrazione dell'uguaglianza di fronte alla morte e quello delle <a href="/wiki/Virt%C3%B9" title="Virtù">virtù</a>, eroiche, politiche e artistiche degli umili, rimaste nascoste al mondo, e della critica ai potenti tipico dell'<a href="/wiki/Illuminismo" title="Illuminismo">illuminismo</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Preromanticismo" title="Preromanticismo">preromanticismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Si ritroveranno questi temi ad esempio nel satirico <i><a href="/wiki/Dialogo_sopra_la_nobilt%C3%A0" title="Dialogo sopra la nobiltà">Dialogo sopra la nobiltà</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Parini" title="Giuseppe Parini">Giuseppe Parini</a>, scritto sei anni dopo l'opera di Gray, negli atteggiamenti antinobiliari della filosofia di <a href="/wiki/Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau">Rousseau</a>, nel dialogo <i><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri#Le_prose_politiche" title="Vittorio Alfieri">La virtù sconosciuta</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Vittorio Alfieri</a>. L'influenza della poesia è presente anche in <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a>, sia nel carme <i><a href="/wiki/Dei_sepolcri" title="Dei sepolcri">Dei sepolcri</a></i> che nelle <i><a href="/wiki/Ultime_lettere_di_Jacopo_Ortis" title="Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis">Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis</a></i> ("geme la Natura perfin nella tomba"). L'atmosfera del componimento è serena, <a href="/wiki/Stoicismo" title="Stoicismo">stoica</a> e meditativa, ambientata all'ora del <a href="/wiki/Tramonto" title="Tramonto">tramonto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il verso dell'elegia «Paths of glory lead not but the grave» ("i sentieri della gloria non conducono che alla tomba") viene richiamato dal celebre regista <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> nel titolo del suo film <i>Paths of glory</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Orizzonti_di_gloria" title="Orizzonti di gloria">Orizzonti di gloria</a></i>). Il verso è un <i><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">memento mori</a></i>, una frase sulla caducità del mondo paragonabile alla celebre <i><a href="/wiki/Sic_transit_gloria_mundi" title="Sic transit gloria mundi">sic transit gloria mundi</a></i>. La lirica termina con la composizione del proprio ideale epitaffio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Altre_opere">Altre opere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Altre opere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Altre opere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas Gray scrisse anche poesie più semplici come <i>Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Ode alla morte di un gatto tra i preferiti, affogato in una vaschetta per pesci rossi), dove presenta la morale che il gatto (morto nel tentativo di pescare dei pesci rossi dalla loro vaschetta) doveva imparare che "<a href="/wiki/Non_%C3%A8_tutto_oro_quel_che_luccica" title="Non è tutto oro quel che luccica">non è tutto oro quel che luccica</a>". Negli ultimi anni si dedicò allo studio della <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_celtica" title="Mitologia celtica">letteratura celtica</a> e alla poesia dei <a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">bardi</a>, al tempo di grande moda (si vedano i <i><a href="/wiki/Canti_di_Ossian" title="Canti di Ossian">Canti di Ossian</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/James_Macpherson" title="James Macpherson">James Macpherson</a>). </p> <ul><li><i>Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College</i> (<a href="/wiki/1741" title="1741">1741</a>)</li> <li><i>Ode on the Spring</i> (<a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>)</li> <li><i>Ode to Adversity</i> (<a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>)</li> <li><i>Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes</i> (<a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)</li> <li><i>Elegy Written in a Country Church-yard</i> (<a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a>)</li> <li><i>The Progress of Poesy</i> (<a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><i>The Bard</i> (<a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><i>The Fatal Sisters</i> (<a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a>)</li> <li><i>The Descent of Odin</i> (<a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasgray.org/cgi-bin/display.cgi?text=elcc">Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Guido Barlozzini, <i>Le origini del romanticismo</i>, Editori Riuniti, 1974, p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">AA.VV., <i> Civiltà letterarie straniere</i>, Zanichelli, Bologna, 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139517313"><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Tante gemme purissime e lucenti / l’oceano cela in bui, immani, orridi: / nascono fiori che a nessuno splendono / e la dolcezza all’aria cieca sperperano. // Tale <a href="/wiki/John_Hampden" title="John Hampden">Hampden</a>, temerario, di un villaggio, / che avversò il piccolo despota del posto; / qui, può giacere un muto, ignoto, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a>; / del fratricidio un <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Cromwell</a> incolpevole. // Di spingere un senato, avvinto, al plauso, / di spregiare avvisaglie di rovina, / di donare a una terra aprica beni, / e negli occhi di una nazione leggere la loro storia, // la sorte gli impedì; e limitò / virtù crescenti e crimini, al contempo; / vietò che a un trono col massacro giungessero, / e di chiudergli della pietà le porte; // di nascondere, falsi inconsapevoli, la verità, / di spengere il rossore ingenuo, in viso / o riempire di lusso e vanto scrigni, / bruciando incenso al fuoco della Musa // Lontani dalla lotta, pazza e ignobile, / non appresero mai a star lontani dalla sobrietà; / per quiete valli di un’erma esistenza, / i loro modi mantennero schivi.» </p> </div></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Note in Elegy written in a country church-yard: with versions in the Greek, Latin, German, Italian, and French languages, Nabu Press (repr. 2010.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasgray.org/cgi-bin/display.cgi?text=odfc">Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:Thomas_Gray" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:Thomas Gray">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Thomas_Gray_(1716-1771)" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:Thomas Gray (1716-1771)">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" class="extiw" title="q:Thomas Gray">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Thomas Gray"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_Gray?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:Thomas_Gray" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:Thomas Gray">Thomas Gray</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina in lingua inglese dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Thomas_Gray_(1716-1771)" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:Thomas Gray (1716-1771)">Thomas Gray</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray" class="extiw" title="q:Thomas Gray">Thomas Gray</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_Gray?uselang=it">Thomas Gray</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gray&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/thomas-gray"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gray, Thomas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Ernest de Sélincourt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/thomas-gray_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">GRAY, Thomas</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 1933.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P4223" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Gray-English-poet"><span style="font-style:italic;">Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLiber_Liber" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberliber.it/online/autori/autori-g/thomas-gray"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Liber_Liber" title="Liber Liber">Liber Liber</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P7208" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMLOL" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlol.link/open/author/828"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">MLOL</span>, Horizons Unlimited.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P3762" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL117027A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFProgetto_Gutenberg" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/4626"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Progetto_Gutenberg" title="Progetto Gutenberg">Progetto Gutenberg</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P1938" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLibriVox" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/536"><span style="font-style:italic;">Audiolibri di Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P1899" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:thomas_gray_(1716-1771)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere riguardanti Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Gray,_Thomas"><span style="font-style:italic;">Spartiti o libretti di Thomas Gray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></span>, Project Petrucci LLC.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315516#P839" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasgray.org/"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>The Thomas Gray Archive</i><span></span></span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">thomasgray.org</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34478274/Thomas_Gray_lElegia_nelle_traduzioni_di_Weil_e_Cesarotti"><span style="font-style:italic;">Traduzioni integrali di Taddeo Wiel e Melchiorre Cesarotti, traduzione della prima parte di D. Caminita e testo originale dell'<i>Elegia</i><span></span></span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">academia.edu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 18 ottobre 2021</small>.</cite></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Romanticismo"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background: #EEDD82"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticismo" title="Template:Romanticismo"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Romanticismo" title="Discussioni template:Romanticismo"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Romanticismo&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo">Romanticismo</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Cultura</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Restaurazione" title="Restaurazione">Restaurazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nazionalismo_romantico" title="Nazionalismo romantico">Nazionalismo romantico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Boh%C3%A8me" title="Bohème">Boemianismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Idealismo" title="Idealismo">Idealismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Romanzo_gotico" title="Romanzo gotico">Letteratura gotica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Architettura_neogotica" title="Architettura neogotica">Architettura neogotica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nazareni" title="Nazareni">Nazareni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossianesimo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Poesia_cimiteriale" title="Poesia cimiteriale">Poesia cimiteriale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Preromanticismo" title="Preromanticismo">Preromanticismo</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trascendentalismo" title="Trascendentalismo">Trascendentalismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neoromanticismo" title="Neoromanticismo">Neoromanticismo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Letteratura_romantica" title="Letteratura romantica">Letteratura</a> e <a href="/wiki/Poesia_romantica" title="Poesia romantica">poesia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Andersen</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Austen</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvares_de_Azevedo" title="Álvares de 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href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Vasil%27evi%C4%8D_Gogol%27" title="Nikolaj Vasil'evič Gogol'">Gogol'</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gray</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fratelli_Grimm" title="Fratelli Grimm">Fratelli Grimm</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann" title="Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasinski</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Michail_Jur%27evi%C4%8D_Lermontov" title="Michail Jur'evič Lermontov">Lermontov</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Lessing</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Macpherson" title="James Macpherson">Macpherson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Melville</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Gottlob_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Polidori" title="John Polidori">Polidori</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Prati" title="Giovanni Prati">Prati</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Sergeevi%C4%8D_Pu%C5%A1kin" title="Aleksandr Sergeevič Puškin">Puškin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm von Schlegel">Schlegel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P.B. Shelley</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Slowacki</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Madame de Staël">Madame de Staël</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stendhal" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Stevenson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Stoker</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Konstantinovi%C4%8D_Tolstoj" title="Aleksej Konstantinovič Tolstoj">A.Tolstoj</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoj" title="Lev Tolstoj">L.Tolstoj</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kornel_Ujejski" title="Kornel Ujejski">Ujejski</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Verne</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">von Kleist</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Young" title="Edward Young">Young</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla" title="José Zorrilla">Zorrilla</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Musica_romantica" title="Musica romantica">Musica</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe-Charles_Adam" title="Adolphe-Charles Adam">Adam</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fryderyk_Chopin" title="Fryderyk Chopin">Chopin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licien_David" title="Félicien David">Félicien David</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_David" title="Ferdinand David">Ferdinand David</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Field" title="John Field">Field</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Michail_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Glinka" title="Michail Ivanovič Glinka">Glinka</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Fredrik_Lindblad" title="Adolf Fredrik Lindblad">Lindblad</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mykola_V%D1%96tal%D1%96jovy%C4%8D_Lysenko" title="Mykola Vіtalіjovyč Lysenko">Lysenko</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Carl_Gottfried_Loewe" title="Johann Carl Gottfried Loewe">Loewe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_Macfarren" title="George Alexander Macfarren">Macfarren</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Nicolas_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Nicolas Méhul">Méhul</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Merkel" title="Gustav Adolf Merkel">Gustav Adolf Merkel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Niedermeyer" title="Louis Niedermeyer">Niedermeyer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Onslow" title="George Onslow">Onslow</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Reicha" title="Antonín Reicha">Reicha</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Grigor%27evi%C4%8D_Rubin%C5%A1tejn" title="Anton Grigor'evič Rubinštejn">Rubinštejn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara Schumann</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Thalberg" title="Sigismund Thalberg">Thalberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Filosofia ed estetica</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Hamann" title="Johann Georg Hamann">Hamann</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi" title="Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi">Jacobi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">Schlegel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schelling" title="Friedrich Schelling">Schelling</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Towia%C5%84ski" title="Andrzej Towiański">Towiański</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Arte_romantica" title="Arte romantica">Arti visuali</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Konstantinovi%C4%8D_Ajvazovskij" title="Ivan 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href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Hayez</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Leutze</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Palmer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Renica" title="Giovanni Renica">Renica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_Turner" title="William Turner">Turner</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Wiertz" title="Antoine Wiertz">Wiertz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow" style="text-align:right;"><div style="float:left;"> « <a href="/wiki/Illuminismo" title="Illuminismo">Illuminismo</a></div><div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Realismo_(letteratura)" title="Realismo (letteratura)">Realismo</a> » </div></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid 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