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<span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Munich_Olympic_bombings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munich_Olympic_bombings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Munich Olympic bombings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munich_Olympic_bombings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_Crypto_AG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_Crypto_AG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Acquisition of Crypto AG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_Crypto_AG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libyan_bombings_in_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_bombings_in_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Libyan bombings in Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_bombings_in_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infiltration_into_Stasi_HQ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infiltration_into_Stasi_HQ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Infiltration into Stasi HQ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infiltration_into_Stasi_HQ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Summer_Rain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Summer_Rain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Operation Summer Rain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Summer_Rain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spying_on_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spying_on_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Spying on journalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spying_on_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiitinen_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiitinen_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Tiitinen list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiitinen_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unlicensed_armament_exports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unlicensed_armament_exports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Unlicensed armament exports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unlicensed_armament_exports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Promoting_the_invasion_of_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promoting_the_invasion_of_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Promoting the invasion of Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promoting_the_invasion_of_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel_vs._Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel_vs._Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Israel vs. Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel_vs._Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting_tax_evasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_tax_evasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Fighting tax evasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_tax_evasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.4</span> <span>Kosovo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.5</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>New headquarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signals_intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signals_intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Signals intelligence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Signals_intelligence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Signals intelligence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Signals_intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet_interception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_interception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Internet interception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_interception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents_of_the_BND" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents_of_the_BND"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Presidents of the BND</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidents_of_the_BND-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidents of the BND subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidents_of_the_BND-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deputy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Deputy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Intelligence Service</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federale_Intelligensiediens" title="Federale Intelligensiediens – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Federale Intelligensiediens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دائرة الاستخبارات الاتحادية الألمانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دائرة الاستخبارات الاتحادية الألمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya_Federal_K%C9%99%C5%9Ffiyyat_Xidm%C9%99ti" title="Almaniya Federal Kəşfiyyat Xidməti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almaniya Federal Kəşfiyyat Xidməti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Федэральная разведвальная служба Германіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Федэральная разведвальная служба Германіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spolkov%C3%A1_zpravodajsk%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Spolková zpravodajská služba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spolková zpravodajská služba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ομοσπονδιακή Υπηρεσία Πληροφοριών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομοσπονδιακή Υπηρεσία Πληροφοριών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="آژانس اطلاعات فدرال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آژانس اطلاعات فدرال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_de_renseignement" title="Service fédéral de renseignement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Service fédéral de renseignement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EC%9B%90_(%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC)" title="연방정보원 (독일) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연방정보원 (독일)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savezna_obavje%C5%A1tajna_slu%C5%BEba" title="Savezna obavještajna služba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Savezna obavještajna služba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99_(%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94)" title="שירות הביון הפדרלי (גרמניה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירות הביון הפדרלי (גרמניה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BND" title="BND – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="BND" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biro_Perisikan_Persekutuan_(Jerman)" title="Biro Perisikan Persekutuan (Jerman) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biro Perisikan Persekutuan (Jerman)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80" title="連邦情報局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="連邦情報局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_Federal_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_da_Alemanha" title="Serviço Federal de Inteligência da Alemanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serviço Federal de Inteligência da Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Федеральная разведывательная служба Германии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Федеральная разведывательная служба Германии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%ABrbimi_Federal_i_Inteligjenc%C3%ABs_(Gjermani)" title="Shërbimi Federal i Inteligjencës (Gjermani) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shërbimi Federal i Inteligjencës (Gjermani)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst" title="Bundesnachrichtendienst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bundesnachrichtendienst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya_Federal_Haber_Alma_Servisi" title="Almanya Federal Haber Alma Servisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanya Federal Haber Alma Servisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Федеральна розвідувальна служба Німеччини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Федеральна розвідувальна служба Німеччини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_quan_t%C3%ACnh_b%C3%A1o_Li%C3%AAn_bang_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Cơ quan tình báo Liên bang Đức – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ quan tình báo Liên bang Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B)" title="聯邦情報局 (德國) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聯邦情報局 (德國)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Federal_Intelligence_Service&params=48.064_N_11.535_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°03′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°32′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.064°N 11.535°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.064; 11.535</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service_(Germany)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Intelligence Service (Germany)">Federal Intelligence Service (Germany)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Foreign intelligence agency of Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Intelligence_Service_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Intelligence Service (Switzerland)">Federal Intelligence Service (Switzerland)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"German Secret Service" redirects here. For other intelligence agencies in Germany, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_intelligence_agencies_of_Germany" title="List of intelligence agencies of Germany">List of intelligence agencies of Germany</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Federal Intelligence Service</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundesnachrichtendienst</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bnd_adler_wortbild_wiki.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bnd_adler_wortbild_wiki.svg/220px-Bnd_adler_wortbild_wiki.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bnd_adler_wortbild_wiki.svg/330px-Bnd_adler_wortbild_wiki.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bnd_adler_wortbild_wiki.svg/440px-Bnd_adler_wortbild_wiki.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="192" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Official logo</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst,_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst%2C_Berlin.jpg/220px-Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst%2C_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst%2C_Berlin.jpg/330px-Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst%2C_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst%2C_Berlin.jpg/440px-Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst%2C_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3388" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Service">BND headquarters in Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1956<span class="noprint">; 68 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1956-04-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gehlen_Org#Gehlen_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gehlen Org">Gehlen Organization</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Germany">Government of Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Service">BND headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">6,500 (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">€1.08 billion<br />(US$1.3 billion) (<a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">FY</a>2021)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Schmidt_(politician)" title="Wolfgang Schmidt (politician)">Wolfgang Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Minister_for_Special_Affairs_of_Germany" title="Federal Minister for Special Affairs of Germany">Minister for Special Affairs</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kahl" title="Bruno Kahl">Bruno Kahl</a>, President</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Wolff (page does not exist)">Philipp Wolff</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Wolff_(Beamter)" class="extiw" title="de:Philipp Wolff (Beamter)">de</a>]</span>, Vice President for Core Tasks</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ole_Diehl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ole Diehl (page does not exist)">Ole Diehl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Diehl" class="extiw" title="de:Ole Diehl">de</a>]</span>, Vice President</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Generalleutnant" title="Generalleutnant">GenLt</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Wien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Wien (page does not exist)">Wolfgang Wien</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Wien" class="extiw" title="de:Wolfgang Wien">de</a>]</span>, Vice President and Senior Officer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_Chancellery" class="mw-redirect" title="German Chancellery">German Chancellery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnd.bund.de/EN/Home/home_node.html">www.bnd.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Federal Intelligence Service</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Bundesnachrichtendienst</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˌbʊndəsˈnaːχʁɪçtnˌdiːnst]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/19\/De-Bundesnachrichtendienst.ogg\/De-Bundesnachrichtendienst.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bundesnachrichtendienst.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/De-Bundesnachrichtendienst.ogg/De-Bundesnachrichtendienst.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Bundesnachrichtendienst.ogg" title="File:De-Bundesnachrichtendienst.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <b>BND</b>) is the foreign <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, directly subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/German_Chancellery" class="mw-redirect" title="German Chancellery">Chancellor's Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Service">BND headquarters</a> is located in central <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. The BND has 300 locations in Germany and foreign countries. In 2016, it employed around 6,500 people; 10% of them are military personnel who are formally employed by the Office for Military Sciences. The BND is the largest agency of the <a href="/wiki/German_Intelligence_Community" title="German Intelligence Community">German Intelligence Community</a>. </p><p>The BND was founded during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> in 1956 as the official foreign intelligence agency of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, which had recently joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and in close cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. It was the successor to the earlier <a href="/wiki/Gehlen_Organization" title="Gehlen Organization">Gehlen Organization</a>, often known simply as "The Organization" or "The Org", a West German intelligence organization affiliated with the CIA whose existence had not been officially acknowledged. The most central figure in the BND's history was general <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Gehlen" title="Reinhard Gehlen">Reinhard Gehlen</a>, the leader of the Gehlen Organization and later the founding president of the BND, who was regarded as "one of the most legendary Cold War spymasters."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the early days of the Cold War the Gehlen Organization and later the BND had an intimate cooperation with the CIA, and often was the western intelligence community's only eyes and ears on the ground in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>. The BND is also regarded as one of the best informed intelligence services in regards to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> from the 1960s. The BND was quickly established as the western world's second largest intelligence agency, second only to the CIA.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Russia and the Middle East remain important focuses of the BND's activities, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Violent_non-state_actor" title="Violent non-state actor">violent non-state actors</a>. </p><p>The BND today acts as an <a href="/wiki/Early_warning_system" title="Early warning system">early warning system</a> to alert the German <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> to <a href="/wiki/Threat" title="Threat">threats</a> to German interests from abroad. It depends heavily on <a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">wiretapping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">electronic surveillance</a> of <a href="/wiki/International_communication" title="International communication">international communications</a>. It collects and evaluates information on a variety of areas such as international non-state terrorism, weapons of mass destruction proliferation and illegal transfer of technology, <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>, weapons and drug trafficking, money laundering, illegal migration and <a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">information warfare</a>. As Germany's only overseas intelligence service, the BND gathers both <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civil</a> <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a>. While the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Reconnaissance_Command" title="Strategic Reconnaissance Command">Strategic Reconnaissance Command</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommando_Strategische_Aufkl%C3%A4rung" class="extiw" title="de:Kommando Strategische Aufklärung">de</a>]</span> (KSA) of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a></i></span> also fulfills this mission, it is not an intelligence service. There is close cooperation between the BND and the KSA. </p><p>The domestic <a href="/wiki/Secret_service" title="Secret service">secret service</a> counterparts of the BND are the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz</i></span></i>, or BfV) and 16 counterparts at the state level <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landesämter für Verfassungsschutz</i></span></i> (State Offices for the Protection of the Constitution); there is also a separate military intelligence organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Service_(Germany)" title="Military Counterintelligence Service (Germany)">Military Counterintelligence Service</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Militärischer Abschirmdienst</i></span></i>, or MAD). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIA_report_on_negotiations_to_establish_the_BND.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CIA_report_on_negotiations_to_establish_the_BND.gif/220px-CIA_report_on_negotiations_to_establish_the_BND.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CIA_report_on_negotiations_to_establish_the_BND.gif/330px-CIA_report_on_negotiations_to_establish_the_BND.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CIA_report_on_negotiations_to_establish_the_BND.gif/440px-CIA_report_on_negotiations_to_establish_the_BND.gif 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>CIA report on negotiations to establish the BND (1952)</figcaption></figure> <p>The predecessor of the BND was the German eastern military intelligence agency during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Abteilung_Fremde_Heere_Ost" class="mw-redirect" title="Abteilung Fremde Heere Ost">Abteilung Fremde Heere Ost</a></i></span></i> or FHO Section in the General Staff, led by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i></span> Major General <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Gehlen" title="Reinhard Gehlen">Reinhard Gehlen</a>. Its main purpose was to collect information on the Red Army. After the war Gehlen worked with the U.S. occupation forces in West Germany. </p><p>In 1946 he set up an intelligence agency informally known as the <a href="/wiki/Gehlen_Org#Gehlen_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gehlen Org">Gehlen Organization</a> or simply "The Org" He recruited some of his former co-workers at Gestapo Trier: Dietmar Lermen, Heinrich Hädderich, August Hill, Friedrich Walz, Albert Schmidt, and Friedrich Heinrich Busch.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many had been operatives of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Canaris" title="Wilhelm Canaris">Wilhelm Canaris</a>' wartime <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a></i></span> (counter-intelligence) organization, but Gehlen also recruited people from the former <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span></i> (SD), <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>, after their release by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. The latter recruits were controversial because the SS and its associated groups were notoriously the perpetrators of many <a href="/wiki/Nazi_atrocities" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi atrocities">Nazi atrocities</a> during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization worked at first almost exclusively for the CIA, which contributed funding, equipment, cars, gasoline and other materials. </p><p>On 1 April 1956 the <i>Bundesnachrichtendienst</i> was created from the Gehlen Organization, and was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West German</a> government, with all staff. Reinhard Gehlen became President of the BND and remained its head until 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Several publications have criticized Gehlen and his organizations for hiring ex-Nazis. An article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> on 29 June 2018 made this statement about some of the BND employees:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p>"Operating until 1956, when it was superseded by the BND, the Gehlen Organisation was allowed to employ at least 100 former Gestapo or SS officers. ... Among them were <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a>'s deputy <a href="/wiki/Alois_Brunner" title="Alois Brunner">Alois Brunner</a>, who would go on to die of old age despite having sent more than 100,000 Jews to ghettos or internment camps, and ex-SS major <a href="/wiki/Emil_Augsburg" title="Emil Augsburg">Emil Augsburg</a>. ... Many ex-Nazi functionaries including <a href="/wiki/Karl_Silberbauer" title="Karl Silberbauer">Silberbauer</a>, the captor of <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a>, transferred over from the Gehlen Organisation to the BND. ... Instead of expelling them, the BND even seems to have been willing to recruit more of them – at least for a few years".</p></blockquote> <p>The authors of the book <i>A Nazi Past: Recasting German Identity in Postwar Europe</i> state that Reinhard Gehlen simply did not want to know the backgrounds of the men that the BND hired in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a> states that "he employed numerous former Nazis and known war criminals".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, Gehlen himself was cleared by <a href="/wiki/James_H._Critchfield" title="James H. Critchfield">James H. Critchfield</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> who worked with the Gehlen Organization from 1949 to 1956. In 2001, he said that "almost everything negative that has been written about Gehlen, [as an] ardent ex-Nazi, one of Hitler's war criminals ... is all far from the fact," as quoted in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Critchfield added that Gehlen hired former <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a> (Security Service of the Reichsführer-SS) men "reluctantly, under pressure from German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer to deal with 'the avalanche of subversion hitting them from East Germany.'"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2011 to 2018, an independent commission of historians studied the history of the BND in the era of Reinhard Gehlen. The results are published in comprehensive studies. So far (as of April 2020) eleven volumes have been published.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the first years of oversight by the State Secretary in the federal chancellery of <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> of the operation in <a href="/wiki/Pullach" title="Pullach">Pullach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich_(district)" title="Munich (district)">Munich District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, the BND continued the ways of its forebear, the Gehlen Organization. </p><p>The BND racked up its initial east–west cold war successes by concentrating on <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>. The BND's reach encompassed the highest political and military levels of the GDR regime. They knew the carrying capacity of every bridge, the bed count of every hospital, the length of every airfield, the width and level of maintenance of the roads that Soviet armor and infantry divisions would have to traverse in a potential attack on the West. Almost every sphere of eastern life was known to the BND.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unsung analysts at Pullach, with their contacts in the East, figuratively functioned as flies on the wall in ministries and military conferences. When the Soviet KGB suspected an East German army intelligence officer, a lieutenant colonel and BND agent, of spying, the Soviets investigated and shadowed him. The BND was positioned and able to inject forged reports implying that the loose spy was actually the KGB investigator, who was then arrested by the Soviets and shipped off to Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not knowing how long the caper would stay under wraps, the real spy was told to be ready for recall; he made his move to the West at the appropriate time. </p><p>The East German regime, however, fought back. With still unhindered flight to the west a possibility, infiltration started on a grand scale and a reversal of sorts took hold. During the early 1960s as many as 90% of the BND's lower-level informants in East Germany worked as <a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">double agents</a> for the East German security service, later known as <a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several informants in East Berlin reported in June and July 1961 of street closures, clearing of fields, accumulation of building materials and police and army deployments in specific parts of the eastern sector, as well as other measures that BND determined could lead to a division of the city. However, the agency was reluctant to report communist initiatives and had no knowledge of the scope and timing because of conflicting inputs. The erection of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961 thus came as a surprise, and the BND's performance in the political field was thereafter often wrong and remained spotty and unimpressive.<sup id="cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a great success for the Federal Intelligence Service during the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>. In 1962, the BND was the first Western <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence service</a> to have information about the stationing of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" title="Medium-range ballistic missile">medium-range missiles</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">caribbean island</a> and passed it on to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1959 and 1961, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Gehlen" title="Reinhard Gehlen">Reinhard Gehlen</a> called on <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Washington</a> several times in vain to "insert the dangerous <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> bastion, which at the same time represents an excellent starting point for the communist infiltration of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, into the [USA] sphere of power by rapid access." Gehlen's influence on the US government should not be underestimated, because the BND was able to regularly provide the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> with detailed information about Soviet arms deliveries through its very good sources in Cuba. There are indications that the secret service was also informed about military actions against Cuba. Ten days before the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs invasion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Gehlen" title="Reinhard Gehlen">Gehlen</a> reported to <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Germany">Bonn</a>: "Within a relatively short period of time, large-scale military operations to defeat <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> will begin." In 1962, the BND also found out from its sources, the Cuban exiles living in Miami, that Cuba was also trying to get hold of weapons through German dealers. According to a BND report, Cuba was also able to recruit four former <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> officers as instructors for the Cuban armed forces. However, the identity of the men was blacked out in the report.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"This negative view of BND was certainly not justified during ... [1967 and] 1968." The BND's military work "had been outstanding",<sup id="cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in certain sectors of the intelligence field the BND still showed brilliance: in Latin America and in the Middle East it was regarded<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2014)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> as the best-informed secret service.<sup id="cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._244_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._244-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BND offered a fair and reliable amount of intelligence on <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet-bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-bloc">Soviet-bloc</a> forces in Eastern Europe, regarding the elaboration of a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> warning system against any Soviet operations against NATO territory, in close cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> (German Armed Forces). </p><p>One high point of BND intelligence work culminated in its early June 1967 forecast – almost to the hour<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Federal_Intelligence_Service#Dubious" title="Talk:Federal Intelligence Service">discuss</a></i>]</sup> – of the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in the Middle East on 5 June 1967.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to declassified transcripts of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">United States National Security Council</a> meeting on 2 June 1967, CIA Director <a href="/wiki/Richard_Helms" title="Richard Helms">Richard Helms</a> interrupted Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> with "reliable information" – contrary to Rusk's presentation – that the Israelis would attack on a certain day and time. Rusk shot back: "That is quite out of the question. Our ambassador in Tel Aviv assured me only yesterday that everything was normal." Helms replied: "I am sorry, but I adhere to my opinion. The Israelis will strike and their object will be to end the war in their favor with extreme rapidity." President Lyndon Johnson then asked Helms for the source of his information. Helms said: "Mr. President, I have it from an allied secret service. The report is absolutely reliable." Helms' information came from the BND.<sup id="cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._244_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._244-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further laudable success involved the BND's activity during the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Czech crisis</a> in 1968; by then, the agency was led by the second president, Gerhard Wessel. With Pullach cryptography<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> fully functioning, the BND predicted an invasion of Soviet and other Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Federal_Intelligence_Service#Dubious" title="Talk:Federal Intelligence Service">discuss</a></i>]</sup> CIA analysts on the other hand did not support the notion of "fraternal assistance" by the satellite states of Moscow; and US ambassador to the Soviet Union, <a href="/wiki/Llewellyn_Thompson" title="Llewellyn Thompson">Llewellyn Thompson</a>, quite irritated, called the secret BND report he was given "a German fabrication".<sup id="cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 23:11 on 20 August 1968, BND radar operators first observed abnormal activity over Czech airspace. An agent on the ground in Prague called a BND out-station in Bavaria: "The Russians are coming." Warsaw Pact forces had moved as forecast.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the slowly sinking efficiency of BND in the last years of Reinhard Gehlen became evident. By 1961, it was clear that the BND employed some men who were Soviet "moles"; they had come from the earlier Gehlen Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One mole, Heinz Felfe, was convicted of treason in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others were not uncovered during Gehlen's term in office.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gehlen's refusal to correct reports with questionable content strained the organization's credibility, and dazzling achievements became an infrequent commodity. A veteran agent remarked at the time that the BND pond then contained some sardines, though a few years earlier the pond had been alive with sharks.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fact that the BND could score certain successes despite East German communist Stasi interference, internal malpractice, inefficiencies and infighting, was primarily due to select members of the staff who took it upon themselves to step up and overcome then existing maladies. Abdication of responsibility by Reinhard Gehlen was the malignancy; cronyism remained pervasive, even nepotism (at one time Gehlen had 16 members of his extended family on the BND payroll).<sup id="cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._245_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._245-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only slowly did the younger generation then advance to substitute new ideas for some of the bad habits caused mainly by Gehlen's semi-retired attitude and frequent holiday absences.<sup id="cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._245_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._245-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gehlen was forced out in April 1968 due to "political scandal within the ranks", according to one source.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2022)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His successor, <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> Brigadier General Gerhard Wessel, immediately called for a program of modernization and streamlining.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With political changes in the West German government and a reflection that BND was at a low level of efficiency, the service began to rebuild. Years later, Wessel's obituary in the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, reported that he "is credited with modernizing the BND by hiring academic analysts and electronics specialists".<sup id="cite_ref-latimes.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Reinhard Gehlen's memoirs, <i>The Service, The Memoirs of General Reinhard Gehlen</i> (English title), were published in 1977, (World Publishers, New York). A Review of the book published by the CIA makes this comment about Gehlen's achievements and management style:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p>"Gehlen's descriptions of most of his so-called successes in the political intelligence field are, in my opinion, either wishful thinking or self-delusion. ... Gehlen was never a good clandestine operator, nor was he a particularly good administrator. And therein lay his failures. The Gehlen Organization/BND always had a good record in the collection of military and economic intelligence on East Germany and the Soviet forces there. But this information, for the most part, came from observation and not from clandestine penetration".</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The agency's second president, Gerhard Wessel, retired in 1978. According to his obituary in the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> in August 2002, the "former intelligence officer in Adolf Hitler's anti-Soviet spy operations" ... "is credited with modernizing the BND by hiring academic analysts and electronics specialists".<sup id="cite_ref-latimes.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> News Service obituary lauded the BND's many successes under Wessel but noted that there had been "a number of incidents of East Germans infiltrating the West German government, particularly intelligence agencies, on Gen. Wessel's watch".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Munich_Olympic_bombings">Munich Olympic bombings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Munich Olympic bombings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">kidnapping and murder of Israeli athletes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Olympics in Munich</a> was a watershed event for the BND, following early warnings from other countries, because it led the agency to build counter-terrorism capabilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Acquisition_of_Crypto_AG">Acquisition of Crypto AG</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Acquisition of Crypto AG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1970 the CIA and the BND bought the Swiss informations and communication security firm <a href="/wiki/Crypto_AG" title="Crypto AG">Crypto AG</a>, for $5.75 million. Already in 1967 the BND tried, together with the French intelligence service, to buy the company from its founder Robert Hagelin. This deal though fell through due to Hagelin, who was already cooperating with the CIA, refusing. The CIA at the time did not cooperate with the French. In 1969, after negotiations with the US, the BND approached Hagelin anew and bought the company together with the US intelligence service. Crypto AG produced and sold radio, Ethernet, STM, GSM, phone and fax encryption systems worldwide. Its clients included Iran, Libya, military juntas in Latin America, nuclear rivals India and Pakistan, and even the Vatican. The BND and the CIA rigged the company's devices so they could easily decipher the codes that countries used to send encrypted messages.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libyan_bombings_in_Germany">Libyan bombings in Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Libyan bombings in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, the BND deciphered the report of the <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libyan</a> Embassy in East Berlin regarding the "successful" implementation of the <a href="/wiki/1986_Berlin_discotheque_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 Berlin discotheque bombing">1986 Berlin discotheque bombing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-malinarich2001_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malinarich2001-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infiltration_into_Stasi_HQ">Infiltration into Stasi HQ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Infiltration into Stasi HQ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to an interview with Stasi defector Col. Rainer Wiegand, BND agents were assigned to use the anti-Stasi protests in East Germany in order to covertly obtain files from Building No. 2, which houses the counterespionage directorate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoehler2000456_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoehler2000456-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wiegand assisted by providing the blueprints of the building and indicated which offices the agents should prioritize.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoehler2000456_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoehler2000456-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_Summer_Rain">Operation Summer Rain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operation Summer Rain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_Rain" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Summer Rain">Operation Summer Rain</a> was a highly classified joint mission involving the Federal Intelligence Service and <a href="/wiki/Kommando_Spezialkr%C3%A4fte" title="Kommando Spezialkräfte">special units</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">German Armed Forces</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan War">Soviet-Afghan War</a> in the 1980s. The primary objective of the operation was to gather intelligence on the weapons systems utilized by Soviet forces.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spying_on_journalists">Spying on journalists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Spying on journalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, a public scandal erupted (dubbed the <i>Journalistenskandal</i>, journalists scandal) over revelations that the BND had placed a number of German <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalists</a> under surveillance since the-mid 1990s, in an attempt to discover the source of information leaks from the BND regarding the activities of the service in connection with the war in Iraq and the "war against terror".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bundestag constituted an investigative committee ("Parlamentarischer Untersuchungsausschuss") to investigate the allegations. The committee tasked the former Federal Appellate Court (Bundesgerichtshof) judge Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Schäfer (page does not exist)">Gerhard Schäfer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Sch%C3%A4fer_(Richter)" class="extiw" title="de:Gerhard Schäfer (Richter)">de</a>]</span> as special investigator, who published a report confirming illegal BND operations involving and targeting journalists between 1993 and 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaefer_Bericht_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaefer_Bericht-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, the Chancellery issued an executive order banning BND operational measures against journalists with the aim to protect the service.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The committee published a final report in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which mostly confirmed the allegations, identifying the intent to protect the BND from disclosure of classified information and finding a lack of oversight within the senior leadership of the service but did not identify any responsible members from within the government.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tiitinen_list">Tiitinen list</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tiitinen list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990, BND gave the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Security_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Security Intelligence Service">Finnish Security Intelligence Service</a> the so-called <a href="/wiki/Tiitinen_list" title="Tiitinen list">Tiitinen list</a>—which supposedly contains names of Finns who were believed to have links to <a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a>. The list was classified and locked in a safe after the Director of the Finnish Security Intelligence Service, Seppo Tiitinen, and the President of Finland, <a href="/wiki/Mauno_Koivisto" title="Mauno Koivisto">Mauno Koivisto</a>, determined that it was based on vague hints instead of hard evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unlicensed_armament_exports">Unlicensed armament exports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Unlicensed armament exports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> in 1991, Israel requested access to GDR weapon systems. In March 1991 a parliamentary commission decided to not give the requested weapons to Israel. Six month later, under the supervision of BND-director Volker Foertsch, the service, in conjunction with elements within the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)">Federal Ministry of Defence</a>, still without political clearance to do so, arranged several transfers of the requested GDR weapon systems (an <a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">SA-6</a> system, a <a href="/wiki/ZSU-23-4_Shilka" title="ZSU-23-4 Shilka">ZSU-23/4</a> and other equipment) to Israel. The transfers were shipped using the ports and airports of Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manching" title="Manching">Manching</a> and <a href="/wiki/RAF_Ahlhorn" title="RAF Ahlhorn">Alhorn</a>. In late 1991, a shipment labeled "agricultural machinery" was unexpectedly inspected by the <a href="/wiki/Wasserschutzpolizei" title="Wasserschutzpolizei">Wasserschutzpolizei</a> and weapons were discovered. A state’s attorney started an investigation and parliamentary designated BND-overseer <a href="/wiki/Willy_Wimmer" title="Willy Wimmer">Willy Wimmer</a> concluded, that control over the BND has been lost. An exasperated Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> called the service "idiots". A few weeks later BND president <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Porzner" title="Konrad Porzner">Konrad Porzner</a> and minister of defence <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Stoltenberg" title="Gerhard Stoltenberg">Gerhard Stoltenberg</a> rated the transfers as not to be problematic, since the equipment was only handed over for trials and was supposed to be returned afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border:1px solid #B2BEB"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#B2BEB5">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Global_surveillance" title="Category:Global surveillance">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B2BEB5;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance" title="Global surveillance">Global surveillance</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_eye_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Globe_eye_icon.png/150px-Globe_eye_icon.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Globe_eye_icon.png/225px-Globe_eye_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Globe_eye_icon.png/300px-Globe_eye_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Disclosures</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_global_surveillance" title="Origins of global surveillance">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(1970%E2%80%932013)" title="Global surveillance disclosures (1970–2013)">Pre-2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_global_surveillance_disclosures" title="2010s global surveillance disclosures">2013–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_global_surveillance_disclosures" title="Reactions to global surveillance disclosures">Reactions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Systems</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XKeyscore" title="XKeyscore">XKeyscore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISM" title="PRISM">PRISM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECHELON" title="ECHELON">ECHELON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentient_(intelligence_analysis_system)" title="Sentient (intelligence analysis system)">Sentient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_(software)" title="Carnivore (software)">Carnivore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishfire" title="Dishfire">Dishfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Ghost" title="Stone Ghost">Stone Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempora" title="Tempora">Tempora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frenchelon" title="Frenchelon">Frenchelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview_(surveillance_program)" title="Fairview (surveillance program)">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYSTIC_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="MYSTIC (surveillance program)">MYSTIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Collection_System_Network" title="Digital Collection System Network">DCSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundless_Informant" title="Boundless Informant">Boundless Informant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullrun_(decryption_program)" title="Bullrun (decryption program)">Bullrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinwale" title="Pinwale">Pinwale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stingray_phone_tracker" title="Stingray phone tracker">Stingray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SORM" title="SORM">SORM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAMPART-A" title="RAMPART-A">RAMPART-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastering_the_Internet" title="Mastering the Internet">Mastering the Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindalee_Operational_Radar_Network" title="Jindalee Operational Radar Network">Jindalee Operational Radar Network</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Selected agencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">FVEY</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Signals_Directorate" title="Australian Signals Directorate">ASD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Security_Establishment" title="Communications Security Establishment">CSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Communications_Security_Bureau" title="Government Communications Security Bureau">GCSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCHQ" title="GCHQ">GCHQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_and_Crypto_Agency" title="National Cyber and Crypto Agency">BSSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Centre_(Spain)" title="National Intelligence Centre (Spain)">CNI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters" title="Defense Intelligence Headquarters">DIH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Sigint_Cyber_Unit" title="Joint Sigint Cyber Unit">JSCU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Communications_Service_of_Russia" title="Special Communications Service of Russia">Spetssvyaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_8200" title="Unit 8200">Unit 8200</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Places</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Doughnut" title="The Doughnut">The Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Meade" title="Fort Meade">Fort Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Menwith_Hill" title="RAF Menwith Hill">Menwith Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Gap" title="Pine Gap">Pine Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Cable#Spying_and_interception" title="Southern Cross Cable">Southern Cross Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Data_Center" title="Utah Data Center">Utah Data Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Aibling_Station" title="Bad Aibling Station">Bad Aibling Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagger_Complex" title="Dagger Complex">Dagger Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCHQ_Bude" title="GCHQ Bude">GCHQ Bude</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Laws</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li>Five Eyes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement" title="UKUSA Agreement">UKUSA Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(treaty)" title="Lustre (treaty)">Lustre</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Act" title="USA Freedom Act">USA Freedom Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008">FISA amendments</a></li></ul></li> <li>EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_Retention_Directive" title="Data Retention Directive">Data Retention Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive" title="Data Protection Directive">Data Protection Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">GDPR</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Law">National Intelligence Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China">Cybersecurity Law</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investigatory_Powers_Act_2016" title="Investigatory Powers Act 2016">Investigatory Powers Act 2016</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Proposed changes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li>U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FISA_Improvements_Act" title="FISA Improvements Act">FISA Improvements Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_reforms_of_mass_surveillance_by_the_United_States" title="Proposed reforms of mass surveillance by the United States">Other proposals</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_mass_surveillance_projects" title="List of government mass surveillance projects">List of government mass surveillance projects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_fear" title="Culture of fear">Culture of fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_communication" title="Secure communication">Secure communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">SIGINT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_detail_record" title="Call detail record">Call detail record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_issues_in_smart_cities" title="Surveillance issues in smart cities">Surveillance issues in smart cities</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">Intelligence agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">Cryptography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPNs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Liberty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Watching_Us" title="Stop Watching Us">Stop Watching Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothing_to_hide_argument" title="Nothing to hide argument">Nothing to hide argument</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Global_surveillance" title="Template:Global surveillance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Global_surveillance" title="Template talk:Global surveillance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Global_surveillance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Global surveillance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Promoting_the_invasion_of_Iraq">Promoting the invasion of Iraq</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Promoting the invasion of Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 February 2003, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> made the case for a military attack on Iraq in front of the UN Security Council. Powell supported his case with information received from the BND, instead of Mr. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Blix" title="Hans Blix">Hans Blix</a> and the <a href="/wiki/IAEA" class="mw-redirect" title="IAEA">IAEA</a>. The BND had collected intelligence from an informant known as <a href="/wiki/Curveball_(informant)" title="Curveball (informant)">Rafid al-Janabi</a> alias CURVEBALL, who claimed Iraq would be in possession of <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of Mass Destruction">Weapons of Mass Destruction</a>, apart from torturing and killing over 1,000 dissidents each year, for over 20 years. Rafid was employed before and after the 2003 incident which ultimately led to the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>. The payments of 3,000 Euros monthly were made by a cover firm called Thiele und Friedrichs (Munich). As a result of the premature cancellation, al-Janabi filed a lawsuit at the Munich labour court and won the case.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several former senior BND officials publicly stated that the agency had repeatedly warned the CIA not to take Curveball's information as fact. Hanning, the BND president at the time, even formulated his concerns about that in a letter to then CIA Director <a href="/wiki/George_Tenet" title="George Tenet">George Tenet</a>. The CIA however ignored those warnings and presented the information as facts.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel_vs._Lebanon">Israel vs. Lebanon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Israel vs. Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>, the BND mediated secret negotiations between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, eventually leading up to the <a href="/wiki/2008_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_prisoner_exchange" title="2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange">2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fighting_tax_evasion">Fighting tax evasion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fighting tax evasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2008_Liechtenstein_tax_affair" title="2008 Liechtenstein tax affair">2008 Liechtenstein tax affair</a></div> <p>In the beginning of 2008, it was revealed that the BND had managed to recruit excellent sources within <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> banks and had been conducting espionage operations in the principality since the beginning of the 2000s. The BND mediated the German Finance Ministry's $7.3 million acquisition of a <a href="/wiki/Compact_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact disk">CD</a> from a former employee of the <a href="/wiki/LGT_Group" title="LGT Group">LGT Group</a> – a Liechtenstein bank owned by the country's ruling family. While the Finance Ministry defends the deal, saying it would result in several hundred millions of dollars in back tax payments, the sale remains controversial, as a government agency has paid for possibly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stolen_data&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stolen data (page does not exist)">stolen data</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kosovo">Kosovo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Kosovo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2008, three German BND agents were arrested in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> for allegedly throwing a bomb at the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Civilian_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="International Civilian Office">International Civilian Office</a>, which oversees Kosovo's governance.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later the "Army of the Republic of Kosovo" had accepted responsibility for the bomb attack. Laboratory tests had shown no evidence of the BND agents' involvement. However, the Germans were released only 10 days after they were arrested. It was suspected that the arrest was a revenge by Kosovo authorities for the BND report about organized crime in Kosovo which accuses Kosovo Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hashim_Tha%C3%A7i" title="Hashim Thaçi">Hashim Thaçi</a>, as well as the former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ramush_Haradinaj" title="Ramush Haradinaj">Ramush Haradinaj</a> of far-reaching involvement in organized crime.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austria">Austria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to reporting in <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Standard" title="Der Standard">Der Standard</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Profil_(magazine)" title="Profil (magazine)">profil</a></i>, the BND engaged in espionage in Austria between 1999 and 2006, spying on targets including the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Austria_Press_Agency" title="Austria Press Agency">Austria Press Agency</a>, embassies, and Austrian banks and government ministries.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of Austria has called on Germany to clarify the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Germany–United States relations">Germany–United States relations</a></div> <p>In 2014, an employee of BND was arrested for handing over secret documents to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel_09July2014_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel_09July2014-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was suspected of handing over documents about the committee investigating the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> spying in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel_09July2014_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel_09July2014-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German government responded to this espionage by expelling the top <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> official in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_11July2014_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_11July2014-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2016, <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> published 2,420 documents from the BND and the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV). The published materials had been submitted in 2015 as part of a German parliamentary inquiry into the surveillance activities of the BND and its cooperation with the US <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dw_1Dec2016_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw_1Dec2016-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BND has been reported to store 220 million sets of <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> every day.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, they record with whom, when, where and for how long someone communicates. This data is supposedly collected across the world, but the exact locations remains unclear to this date. The <a href="/wiki/German_Parliamentary_Committee_investigating_the_NSA_spying_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="German Parliamentary Committee investigating the NSA spying scandal">Bundestag committee investigating the NSA spying scandal</a> has uncovered that the German intelligence agency intercepts communications traveling via both <a href="/wiki/Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellites">satellites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> cables. It seems certain that the metadata only come from "foreign dialed traffic", that is, from telephone conversations and text messages that are held and sent via mobile phones and satellites. Of these 220 million data amassed every day, one percent is archived for 10 years "for long-term analysis". Apparently though, this long-term storage doesn't hold any Internet communications, data from social networks, or emails. </p><p>In December 2022, a high-ranking employee of the BND was arrested on alleged treason. Carsten L. is said to have disclosed information from his professional activity to the Russian domestic secret service <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Public_Prosecutor_General_(Germany)" title="Public Prosecutor General (Germany)">Public Prosecutor General</a> accuses him of treason ("Landesverrat") because it is said to have been state secrets.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_headquarters">New headquarters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: New headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new BND headquarters in Berlin, near the former <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>, was completed in 2017. At the official opening in February 2019, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>, made this statement: "In an often very confusing world, now, more urgently than ever, Germany needs a strong and efficient foreign intelligence service". At the time, some 4,000 employees were expected to work from this location, moving here from the former headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Pullach" title="Pullach">Pullach</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency's total number of employees, in Germany and other countries, was approximately 6,500.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bundesnachrichtendienst is divided into the following departments: </p> <ol><li><i>Regionale Auswertung und Beschaffung A (LA) und Regionale Auswertung und Beschaffung B (LB)</i> (Regional Analysis and Procurement, A/B countries)</li> <li><i>Internationaler Terrorismus und Internationale Organisierte Kriminalität (TE)</i> (<a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transnational_organized_crime" title="Transnational organized crime">International Organised Crime</a>)</li> <li><i>Proliferation, ABC-Waffen, Wehrtechnik (TW)</i> (Proliferation, NBC Weapons)</li> <li><i>Technische Aufklärung (TA)</i> (<a href="/wiki/SIGINT" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGINT">Signal Intelligence</a>)</li> <li><i>Gesamtlage und unterstützende Fachdienste (GU)</i> (Situation Centre)</li></ol> <ol><li><i>Informationstechnik (IT)</i> (Information Technology)</li> <li><i>Zentralabteilung (ZY)</i> (Central Services)</li> <li><i>Eigensicherung (SI)</i> (Security)</li> <li><i>Umzug (UM)</i> (Relocation [to Berlin])<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signals_intelligence">Signals intelligence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Signals intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radomes_of_Bad_Aibling_Station_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Radomes_of_Bad_Aibling_Station_1.jpg/220px-Radomes_of_Bad_Aibling_Station_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Radomes_of_Bad_Aibling_Station_1.jpg/330px-Radomes_of_Bad_Aibling_Station_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Radomes_of_Bad_Aibling_Station_1.jpg/440px-Radomes_of_Bad_Aibling_Station_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Radome of <i>Fernmeldeverkehrstelle des Bundesnachrichtendiensts</i> (BND-code name: Hortensien III, short: 3D30) at summer 2006. Till 2004 the system at <a href="/wiki/Bad_Aibling_Station" title="Bad Aibling Station">Bad Aibling Station</a> was part of the NSA <a href="/wiki/ECHELON" title="ECHELON">ECHELON</a>-Network.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>BND is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence purposes with content of German interest. The department <i>Technische Aufklärung</i> (<i>TA</i>) is the most significant unit within BND and has the highest number of employees. The department is located at the former BND HQ in <a href="/wiki/Pullach" title="Pullach">Pullach</a>, Bavaria. One of the major <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">SIGINT</a> stations after WW2 was <a href="/wiki/Bad_Aibling_Station" title="Bad Aibling Station">Bad Aibling Station</a>, which was operated for decades in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (NSA).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Station Gablingen, Station Husum, <a href="/wiki/Rheinhausen_(Breisgau)" title="Rheinhausen (Breisgau)">Station Rheinhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen" title="Schöningen">Station Schöningen</a>, Station <a href="/wiki/Starnberg" title="Starnberg">Starnberg-Söcking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stockdorf" title="Stockdorf">Station Stockdorf</a>. </p><p>BND is not operating own satellites but using reconnaissance satellites of <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> (SARAH-system), of foreign partners or commercial providers. The first own BND-satellite project started in 2016. The systems are built by <a href="/wiki/OHB" class="mw-redirect" title="OHB">OHB</a> and should have been in service since 2022. After research by German public media the start was delayed and BND will probably not be able to launch satellites into space until 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_interception">Internet interception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Internet interception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BND is intercepting the data traffic of <a href="/wiki/DE-CIX" title="DE-CIX">DE-CIX</a> in Frankfurt, European largest hub for internet traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Details are available today on how the BND and NSA worked together between 2004 and 2008. In Frankfurt, Internet data was captured by filters and sent via a <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom line</a> to the BND headquarters in Pullach and from there to the Bad Aibling station, where the NSA and BND have a joint headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents_of_the_BND">Presidents of the BND</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Presidents of the BND"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The head of the Bundesnachrichtendienst is its <b><a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a></b>. The following persons have held this office since 1956: </p> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ffdead; text-align:center;" colspan="6"><b>Presidents of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:30px; background:#ffdead;"> </th> <th style="width:400px; background:#ffdead;"><b>Name (lived)</b> </th> <th style="width:200px; background:#ffdead;"><b>Beginning of service</b> </th> <th style="width:200px; background:#ffdead;"><b>End of service</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">1 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Gehlen" title="Reinhard Gehlen">Reinhard Gehlen</a> (1902–1979) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">1 April 1956 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">30 April 1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">2 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Wessel" title="Gerhard Wessel">Gerhard Wessel</a> (1913–2002) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1 May 1968 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">31 December 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">3 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Kinkel" title="Klaus Kinkel">Klaus Kinkel</a> (1936–2019) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">1 January 1979 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">26 December 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">4 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;"><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Blum" title="Eberhard Blum">Eberhard Blum</a> (1919–2003) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">27 December 1982 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">31 July 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">5 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">Heribert Hellenbroich (1937–2014) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">1 August 1985 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">27 August 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">6 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Wieck" title="Hans-Georg Wieck">Hans-Georg Wieck</a> (1928–2024) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">4 September 1985 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2 October 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">7 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Porzner" title="Konrad Porzner">Konrad Porzner</a> (1935–2021) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">3 October 1990 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">31 March 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">8 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Gerhard Güllich (b. 1938) (interim) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1 April 1996 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">4 June 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">9 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">Hansjörg Geiger (b. 1942) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">4 June 1996 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">17 December 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">10 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">August Hanning (b. 1946) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">17 December 1998 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">30 November 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">11 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Uhrlau" title="Ernst Uhrlau">Ernst Uhrlau</a> (b. 1946) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">1 December 2005 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">7 December 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">12 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schindler" title="Gerhard Schindler">Gerhard Schindler</a> (b. 1952) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">7 December 2011 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1 July 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">13 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kahl" title="Bruno Kahl">Bruno Kahl</a> (b. 1962) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1 July 2016 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The president of the BND is a federal <a href="/wiki/Beamter" title="Beamter">Beamter</a> paid according to BBesO order B, B9,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is in payment the equivalent of a lieutenant general. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy">Deputy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Deputy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The President of the BND has three deputies: one Vice President, one Vice President for Military Affairs (Since December 2003), and one Vice President for Central Functions and Modernization (Possibly Since 2013). Prior to December 2003, there was only one Vice President. The following persons have held this office since 1957: </p> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ffdead; text-align:center;" colspan="6"><b>Vice Presidents of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:30px; background:#ffdead;"> </th> <th style="width:400px; background:#ffdead;"><b>Name (lived)</b> </th> <th style="width:200px; background:#ffdead;"><b>Beginning of service</b> </th> <th style="width:200px; background:#ffdead;"><b>End of service</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">1 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Heinrich_Worgitzky" title="Hans-Heinrich Worgitzky">Hans-Heinrich Worgitzky</a> (1907–1969) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">24 May 1957 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">2 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Horst Wendland (1912–1968) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">8 October 1968 (suicide) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">3 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">Dieter Blötz (1931–1987) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">4 May 1970 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">August 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">4 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Norbert Klusak (1936–1986) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1 April 1980 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">27 February 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">5 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_M%C3%BCnstermann" title="Paul Münstermann">Paul Münstermann</a> (1932–2010) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">1986 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">27 August 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">6 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Gerhard Güllich (b. 1938) (interim) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1994 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">7 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">Rainer Kesselring (1934–2013) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">18 June 1996 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">September 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">8 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5DC;">Siegfried Barth (b. 1935/1936) </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">September 1998 </td> <td style="background:#fff5dc; text-align:left;">July 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">9 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Rudolf Adam (b. 1948) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">July 2001 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">31 March 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">10 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Werner Schowe (b. 1944), military affairs VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">15 December 2003 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">30 September 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">11 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Rüdiger von Fritsch-Seerhausen (b. 1953) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">1 May 2004 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">12 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Georg Freiherr von Brandis (1948–2021), military affairs VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">4 October 2005 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">February 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">13 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;"><a href="/wiki/Arndt_Freytag_von_Loringhoven" title="Arndt Freytag von Loringhoven">Arndt Freytag von Loringhoven</a> (b. 1956) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2007 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">14 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Armin Hasenpusch (1948–2014), military affairs VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2008 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">15 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Werner Ober (b. 1948), central functions and modernization VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2008 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">16 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Géza Andreas von Geyr (b. 1962) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2010 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">17 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Guido Müller (b. 1966), central functions and modernization VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2013 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">October 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">18 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Michael Klor-Berchtold (b. 1962) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2014 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">19 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Ole Diehl (b. 1964) </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2016 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">June 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">20 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Norbert Stier (b. 1953), military affairs VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2010 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">21 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Sczesny" title="Werner Sczesny">Werner Sczesny</a> (b. 1960), military affairs VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">2016 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">January 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">22 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Michael Baumann (b. 1956), central functions VP and permanent deputy </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">January 2019 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">October 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">23 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Tania Freiin von Uslar-Gleichen (b. 1964), VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">July 2019 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">February 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">24 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Wolfgang Wien (b. 1963), VP and senior officer </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">July 2021 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">25 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Ole Diehl (b. 1964), VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">March 2021 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">26 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3DC;">Philipp Wolff (b. 1972), central functions VP </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">November 2022 </td> <td style="background:#fff3dc; text-align:left;">Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_114" title="Agency 114">Agency 114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Constitutional Court of Germany">Federal Constitutional Court of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intelligence_agencies_of_Germany" title="List of intelligence agencies of Germany">List of intelligence agencies of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eikonal" title="Operation Eikonal">Operation Eikonal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeshaushalt.de/#/2020/soll/ausgaben/einzelplan/04.html">"Bundeshaushalt"</a>. <i>bundeshaushalt.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bundeshaushalt.de&rft.atitle=Bundeshaushalt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeshaushalt.de%2F%23%2F2020%2Fsoll%2Fausgaben%2Feinzelplan%2F04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Inside Germany s BND: The Federal Intelligence Service". <i>The Rosen Publishing Group</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.atitle=Inside+Germany+s+BND%3A+The+Federal+Intelligence+Service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaneMason2018" class="citation book cs1">Deane, John R.; Mason, Jack C (2018). "Chapter 3". <i>Lessons in Leadership</i>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813174969" title="Special:BookSources/9780813174969"><bdi>9780813174969</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3&rft.btitle=Lessons+in+Leadership&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780813174969&rft.aulast=Deane&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.au=Mason%2C+Jack+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObituaries2019" class="citation news cs1">Obituaries, Telegraph (6 March 2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/03/06/klaus-kinkel-high-profile-german-foreign-minister-reunification/">"Klaus Kinkel, high-profile German foreign minister after reunification, who had earlier led West Germany's intelligence agency – obituary"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/03/06/klaus-kinkel-high-profile-german-foreign-minister-reunification/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Klaus+Kinkel%2C+high-profile+German+foreign+minister+after+reunification%2C+who+had+earlier+led+West+Germany%27s+intelligence+agency+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2019-03-06&rft.aulast=Obituaries&rft.aufirst=Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fobituaries%2F2019%2F03%2F06%2Fklaus-kinkel-high-profile-german-foreign-minister-reunification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/geschichte-im-ersten/moerder-bevorzugt-bnd-und-ns-verbrecher/das-erste/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL2dlc2NoaWNodGUtaW0tZXJzdGVuLzFhM2VkMzYxLTU2ZTMtNDk3Ny05ODQyLTNjNjUyOTY2Y2Q3MA">"Geschichte im Ersten: Mörder bevorzugt – Wie der BND NS-Verbrecher rekrutierte"</a> (in German). 13 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geschichte+im+Ersten%3A+M%C3%B6rder+bevorzugt+%E2%80%93+Wie+der+BND+NS-Verbrecher+rekrutierte&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ardmediathek.de%2Fvideo%2Fgeschichte-im-ersten%2Fmoerder-bevorzugt-bnd-und-ns-verbrecher%2Fdas-erste%2FY3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL2dlc2NoaWNodGUtaW0tZXJzdGVuLzFhM2VkMzYxLTU2ZTMtNDk3Ny05ODQyLTNjNjUyOTY2Y2Q3MA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Höhne, Heinz & Zolling, Hermann, <i>The General was a Spy</i>. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, Inc. 1972, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Höhne & Zolling, p. 248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/himmler-daughter-germany-bnd-foreign-intelligence-ss-nazi-hitler-war-criminals-evaded-justice-a8422726.html">"Himmler's daughter worked for Germany's foreign intelligence agency in 1960s, officials admit"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 29 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Himmler%27s+daughter+worked+for+Germany%27s+foreign+intelligence+agency+in+1960s%2C+officials+admit&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fhimmler-daughter-germany-bnd-foreign-intelligence-ss-nazi-hitler-war-criminals-evaded-justice-a8422726.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessengerPaehler2015" class="citation book cs1">Messenger, D.A.; Paehler, K. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MrONBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288"><i>A Nazi Past: Recasting German Identity in Postwar Europe</i></a>. EBL-Schweitzer. University Press of Kentucky. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-6057-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-6057-3"><bdi>978-0-8131-6057-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nazi+Past%3A+Recasting+German+Identity+in+Postwar+Europe&rft.series=EBL-Schweitzer&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-6057-3&rft.aulast=Messenger&rft.aufirst=D.A.&rft.au=Paehler%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMrONBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/index.htm">https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/index.htm</a>, The CIA and Nazi War Criminals, 2005, Released Under Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLardner2001" class="citation news cs1">Lardner, George Jr. (18 March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/03/18/cia-declassifies-its-records-on-dealings-with-ex-nazis/2fa93bad-62ee-42f2-833a-b1d04bc63079/">"CIA Declassifies Its Records On Dealings With Ex-Nazis"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=CIA+Declassifies+Its+Records+On+Dealings+With+Ex-Nazis&rft.date=2001-03-18&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Lardner&rft.aufirst=George+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2001%2F03%2F18%2Fcia-declassifies-its-records-on-dealings-with-ex-nazis%2F2fa93bad-62ee-42f2-833a-b1d04bc63079%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2020" class="citation journal cs1">Wolf, Thomas (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perspectivia.net/publikationen/ausgewaehlte-vortraege-dhimoskau/wolf_origins">"The origins of the BND and "official history" in Germany"</a>. <i>Selected Lectures of the German Historical Institute Moscow</i>. <b>2020</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Selected+Lectures+of+the+German+Historical+Institute+Moscow&rft.atitle=The+origins+of+the+BND+and+%22official+history%22+in+Germany&rft.volume=2020&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fperspectivia.net%2Fpublikationen%2Fausgewaehlte-vortraege-dhimoskau%2Fwolf_origins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Höhne & Zolling, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Höhne & Zolling, p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070521213717/http://www.netzeitung.de/deutschland/751973.html">"BND hatte Tausende Spione in der DDR"</a> (in German). Netzeitung.de. 24 September 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netzeitung.de/deutschland/751973.html">the original</a> on 21 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BND+hatte+Tausende+Spione+in+der+DDR&rft.pub=Netzeitung.de&rft.date=2007-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netzeitung.de%2Fdeutschland%2F751973.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._266_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Höhne & Zolling, p. 266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/bnd-sperrt-sich-gegen-enthuellungen-wie-der-geheimdienst-eine-historische-studie-zensierte-141665.html">"968-Seiten-Gutachten über den BND: Das Geheimnis um das geschwärzte Land aus Kapitel 6"</a>. <i>Der Tagesspiegel Online</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1865-2263">1865-2263</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel+Online&rft.atitle=968-Seiten-Gutachten+%C3%BCber+den+BND%3A+Das+Geheimnis+um+das+geschw%C3%A4rzte+Land+aus+Kapitel+6&rft.issn=1865-2263&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fgesellschaft%2Fbnd-sperrt-sich-gegen-enthuellungen-wie-der-geheimdienst-eine-historische-studie-zensierte-141665.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fr.de/politik/empfahl-militaerschlag-gegen-kuba-11290761.html">"BND empfahl Militärschlag gegen Kuba"</a>. <i>www.fr.de</i> (in German). 17 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fr.de&rft.atitle=BND+empfahl+Milit%C3%A4rschlag+gegen+Kuba&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fr.de%2Fpolitik%2Fempfahl-militaerschlag-gegen-kuba-11290761.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._244-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._244_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Höhne_&_Zolling,_p._244_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Höhne & Zolling, p. 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRo'i,_Yaacov,_and_Boris_Morozov." class="citation book cs1">Ro'i, Yaacov, and Boris Morozov. <i>he Soviet Union and the June 1967 Six Day War</i>. Stanford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=he+Soviet+Union+and+the+June+1967+Six+Day+War&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.au=Ro%27i%2C+Yaacov%2C+and+Boris+Morozov.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Höhne & Zolling, p. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreitmanGodaNaftaliWolfe2005" class="citation book cs1">Breitman, Richard; Goda, Norman J. W.; Naftali, Timothy; Wolfe, Robert (4 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GnkBYN8ipYcC&dq=soviet+moles+in+the+BND&pg=PA405"><i>U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85268-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85268-5"><bdi>978-0-521-85268-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Intelligence+and+the+Nazis&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-04-04&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85268-5&rft.aulast=Breitman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Goda%2C+Norman+J.+W.&rft.au=Naftali%2C+Timothy&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGnkBYN8ipYcC%26dq%3Dsoviet%2Bmoles%2Bin%2Bthe%2BBND%26pg%3DPA405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChildsPopplewell2016" class="citation book cs1">Childs, David; Popplewell, Richard (27 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k-O-DAAAQBAJ&dq=erwin+tiebel+convicted&pg=PA153"><i>The Stasi: The East German Intelligence and Security Service</i></a>. Springer. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-15054-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-15054-0"><bdi>978-1-349-15054-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stasi%3A+The+East+German+Intelligence+and+Security+Service&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft.isbn=978-1-349-15054-0&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Popplewell%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk-O-DAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Derwin%2Btiebel%2Bconvicted%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2010" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Loch K. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Gerhard+Wessel%2C+88%3B+Did+Espionage+Work+for+Hitler%2C+West+Germany&rft.date=2002-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2002-aug-03-me-passings3-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327044932/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol16no3/html/v16i3a06p_0001.htm">CIA.gov</a> The Service: The Memoirs of General Reinhard Gehlen by Reinhard Gehlen. Book review by Anonymous</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-08-05-0208050063-story.html">"Gerhard Wessel, 88"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 5 August 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+CIA+secretly+bought+a+company+that+sold+encryption+devices+across+the+world.+Then+its+spies+sat+back+and+listened.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgraphics%2F2020%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fcia-crypto-encryption-machines-espionage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-malinarich2001-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-malinarich2001_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinarich2001" class="citation news cs1">Malinarich, Nathalie (13 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1653848.stm">"Flashback: The Berlin disco bombing"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tagesschau.de&rft.atitle=BND+muss+auf+eigenen+Satelliten+warten&rft.aulast=Flade&rft.aufirst=Manuel+Bewarder%2C+Florian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finvestigativ%2Fndr-wdr%2Fbnd-satellit-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.golem.de/sonstiges/zustimmung/auswahl.html?from=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.golem.de%2Fnews%2Fde-cix-bnd-kann-1-2-billionen-verbindungen-pro-tag-abzweigen-2005-148515.html">"Golem.de: IT-News für Profis"</a>. <i>www.golem.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.golem.de&rft.atitle=Golem.de%3A+IT-News+f%C3%BCr+Profis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.golem.de%2Fsonstiges%2Fzustimmung%2Fauswahl.html%3Ffrom%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.golem.de%252Fnews%252Fde-cix-bnd-kann-1-2-billionen-verbindungen-pro-tag-abzweigen-2005-148515.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLTO" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LTO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lto.de/recht/kanzleien-unternehmen/k/bird-bird-klage-bundesverwaltungsgericht-bnd-telekommunikationsrecht">"Bird & Bird: DE-CIX klagt gegen den Bund"</a>. <i>Legal Tribune Online</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Tribune+Online&rft.atitle=Bird+%26+Bird%3A+DE-CIX+klagt+gegen+den+Bund&rft.au=LTO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lto.de%2Frecht%2Fkanzleien-unternehmen%2Fk%2Fbird-bird-klage-bundesverwaltungsgericht-bnd-telekommunikationsrecht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckedahl2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Beckedahl, Markus (4 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://netzpolitik.org/2014/eikonal-wie-der-bnd-der-nsa-zugang-zum-internetknoten-de-cix-schenkte/">"Eikonal: Der kalkulierte Grundrechtsbruch der Bundesregierung – Wie der BND der NSA Zugang zum Internetknoten DE-CIX schenkte"</a>. <i>netzpolitik.org</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netzpolitik.org&rft.atitle=Eikonal%3A+Der+kalkulierte+Grundrechtsbruch+der+Bundesregierung+%E2%80%93+Wie+der+BND+der+NSA+Zugang+zum+Internetknoten+DE-CIX+schenkte&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft.aulast=Beckedahl&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetzpolitik.org%2F2014%2Feikonal-wie-der-bnd-der-nsa-zugang-zum-internetknoten-de-cix-schenkte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bbesg/anlage_i.html">"Anlage I BBesG"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anlage+I+BBesG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fbbesg%2Fanlage_i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ronny Heidenreich, et al.: Geheimdienstkrieg in Deutschland. Die Konfrontation von DDR-Staatssicherheit und Organisation Gehlen 1953. Berlin 2016</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoehler2000" class="citation book cs1">Koehler, John O. (2000). <i>Stasi: the untold story of the East German secret police</i>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3744-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3744-9"><bdi>978-0-8133-3744-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stasi%3A+the+untold+story+of+the+East+German+secret+police&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3744-9&rft.aulast=Koehler&rft.aufirst=John+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Intelligence+Service" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archive index)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template talk:National intelligence agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National intelligence agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_intelligence_agencies748" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Afghanistan: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Intelligence" title="General Directorate of Intelligence">GDI</a></li> <li>Albania: <a href="/wiki/SHISH" title="SHISH">SHISH</a></li> <li>Algeria: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_du_Renseignement_et_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité">DRS</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servi%C3%A7o_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_Externa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serviço de Inteligência Externa (page does not exist)">SIE</a></li> <li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Intelligence" title="Secretariat of Intelligence">SIDE</a></li> <li>Armenia: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">NSS</a></li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_and_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security and Intelligence Directorate">DSN</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Secret_Intelligence_Service" title="Australian Secret Intelligence Service">ASIS</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Azerbaijan)">XKX</a></li> <li>Bahrain: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Bahrain)" title="National Security Agency (Bahrain)">NSA</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Intelligence" title="National Security Intelligence">NSI</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">KGB RB</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Belgian_General_Information_and_Security_Service" title="Belgian General Information and Security Service">ADIV/SGRS</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence-Security_Agency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Intelligence-Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">OSA-OBA</a></li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Security">DIS</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Intelligence_Agency" title="Brazilian Intelligence Agency">ABIN</a></li> <li>Brunei: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brunei_Research_Department_(International)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brunei Research Department (International) (page does not exist)">BRD</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Agency_(Bulgaria)" title="State Intelligence Agency (Bulgaria)">DAR</a></li> <li>Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Brigade_Mixte_Mobile" title="Brigade Mixte Mobile">BMM</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="Canadian Security Intelligence Service">CSIS</a></li> <li>Chad: <a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Agence nationale de sécurité">ANS</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Nacional_de_Inteligencia" title="Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia">ANI</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></li> <li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Agency (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">ANR</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Security and Intelligence Agency">SOA</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia" title="Dirección de Inteligencia">DI</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Foreign_Relations_and_Information" title="Office for Foreign Relations and Information">ÚZSI</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Defence Intelligence Service">FE</a></li> <li>Djibouti: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Sp%C3%A9ciale_de_Recherche_de_la_Gendarmerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Spéciale de Recherche de la Gendarmerie (page does not exist)">BSRG</a></li> <li>Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Secretariat_(Ecuador)" title="National Intelligence Secretariat (Ecuador)">SENAIN</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Directorate_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)">Mukhabarat</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Foreign_Intelligence_Service" title="Estonian Foreign Intelligence Service">EFIS</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="National Intelligence and Security Service">NISS</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a></li> <li>Gambia: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Services_(The_Gambia)" title="State Intelligence Services (The Gambia)">SIS</a></li> <li>Georgia: <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Intelligence_Service" title="Georgian Intelligence Service">GIS</a></li> <li>Germany: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">BND</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_National_Investigations" title="Bureau of National Investigations">BNI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_Unit" title="Border Guard Unit">BGU</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Department_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Department Unit (page does not exist)">RDU</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Greece)" title="National Intelligence Service (Greece)">EYP</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Inform%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_Hivatal" title="Információs Hivatal">IH</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">RAW</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_State_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian State Intelligence Agency">BIN</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Intelligence_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)">VAJA</a></li> <li>Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_National_Intelligence_Service" title="Iraqi National Intelligence Service">INIS</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Ireland)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)">G2</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Agenzia_Informazioni_e_Sicurezza_Esterna" title="Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Esterna">AISE</a></li> <li>Ivory Coast: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Security_Council_(Ivory_Coast)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Security Council (Ivory Coast) (page does not exist)">NSC</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Intelligence_and_Research_Office" title="Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office">CIRO</a></li> <li>Jordan: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Directorate_(Jordan)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan)">GID</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Kazakhstan)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Kazakhstan)">Syrbar</a></li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)" title="National Intelligence Service (Kenya)">NIS</a></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_National_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz National Security Service">UKMK</a></li> <li>Kuwait: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuwait_State_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuwait State Security (page does not exist)">KSS</a></li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satversmes_aizsardz%C4%ABbas_birojs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satversmes aizsardzības birojs (page does not exist)">SAB</a></li> <li>Liberia: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Liberia)" title="National Security Agency (Liberia)">NSA</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Department_of_Lithuania" title="State Security Department of Lithuania">VSD</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_General_Security" title="General Directorate of General Security">GDGS</a></li> <li>Libya: <a href="/wiki/Mukhabarat_el-Jamahiriya" title="Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya">MJ</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Research_Division_of_the_Prime_Minister%27s_Department" title="Research Division of the Prime Minister's Department">MEIO</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n_y_Seguridad_Nacional_(M%C3%A9xico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional (México)">CISEN</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Information_and_Security_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova">SIS</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Agency_of_Mongolia" title="General Intelligence Agency of Mongolia">GIA</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Montenegro)" title="National Security Agency (Montenegro)">ANB</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Studies_and_Documentation" title="General Directorate of Studies and Documentation">DGED</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_and_Intelligence_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Security and Intelligence Service (page does not exist)">SISE</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="General Intelligence and Security Service">AIVD</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="New Zealand Security Intelligence Service">NZSIS</a></li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Nigeria)" title="National Intelligence Agency (Nigeria)">NIA</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li> <li>Republic of North Macedonia: ANB</li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Intelligence_Service" title="Norwegian Intelligence Service">E-tjenesten</a></li> <li>Oman: <a href="/wiki/Palace_Office_(Oman)" title="Palace Office (Oman)">Palace Office</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">ISI</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Service_(Palestine)" title="General Intelligence Service (Palestine)">GIS</a></li> <li>Papua New Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="National Intelligence Organization (Papua New Guinea)">NIO</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NICA</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Estrat%C3%A9gicas_de_Defesa" title="Serviço de Informações Estratégicas de Defesa">SIED</a></li> <li>Qatar: <a href="/wiki/Qatar_State_Security" title="Qatar State Security">QSS</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Romania)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Romania)">SIE</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Presidency" title="General Intelligence Presidency">GIP</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Security Intelligence Agency">BIA</a></li> <li>Sierra Leone: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Intelligence_and_Security_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Intelligence and Security Unit (page does not exist)">CISU</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Division" title="Security and Intelligence Division">SID</a></li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_informa%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Slovenská informačná služba">SIS</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="Slovenian Intelligence and Security Agency">SOVA</a></li> <li>Somalia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="National Intelligence and Security Agency">NISA</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="State Security Agency (South Africa)">SSA</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(South_Korea)" title="National Intelligence Service (South Korea)">NIS</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Centre_(Spain)" title="National Intelligence Centre (Spain)">CNI</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Service_(Sri_Lanka)" title="State Intelligence Service (Sri Lanka)">SIS</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Service_(Sudan)" title="General Intelligence Service (Sudan)">GIS</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Kontoret_f%C3%B6r_s%C3%A4rskild_inh%C3%A4mtning" title="Kontoret för särskild inhämtning">KSI</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Service_(Syria)" title="General Intelligence Service (Syria)">GIS</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Bureau (Republic of China)">NSB</a></li> <li>Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/State_Committee_for_National_Security_(Tajikistan)" title="State Committee for National Security (Tajikistan)">GKNB</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Tanzania Intelligence and Security Service">TISS</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Thailand)" title="National Intelligence Agency (Thailand)">NIA</a></li> <li>Togo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Intelligence_Agency_(Togo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Intelligence Agency (Togo) (page does not exist)">NIA</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunisian_Intelligence_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunisian Intelligence Agency (page does not exist)">TIA</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">MİT</a></li> <li>Turkmenistan: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_National_Security_(Turkmenistan)" title="Ministry for National Security (Turkmenistan)">MNS</a></li> <li>Uganda: <a href="/wiki/External_Security_Organisation" title="External Security Organisation">ESO</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine">SZRU</a></li> <li>United Arab Emirates: <a href="/wiki/Signals_Intelligence_Agency" title="Signals Intelligence Agency">SIA</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">SIS (<i>MI6</i>)</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li>Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Uzbekistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Service (Uzbekistan)">SSS</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/General_Department_of_Defence_Intelligence" title="General Department of Defence Intelligence">TC2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_du_Renseignement_et_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité">CSS</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servi%C3%A7o_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_e_Seguran%C3%A7a_de_Estado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serviço de Inteligência e Segurança de Estado (page does not exist)">SINSE</a></li> <li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Intelligence" title="Secretariat of Intelligence">SIDE</a></li> <li>Armenia: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">NSS</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Security_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Australian Security Intelligence Organisation">ASIO</a></li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_and_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security and Intelligence Directorate">DSN</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="State Security Service (Azerbaijan)">DTX</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">SB</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">KGB RB</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Belgium)" title="State Security Service (Belgium)">VS/SE</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/State_Investigation_and_Protection_Agency" title="State Investigation and Protection Agency">SIPA</a></li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Security">DIS</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_of_Brazil" title="Federal Police of Brazil">PF</a></li> <li>Brunei: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Department_(Brunei)" title="Internal Security Department (Brunei)">IRD</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/State_Agency_for_National_Security" title="State Agency for National Security">DANS</a></li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Burundi)" title="National Intelligence Service (Burundi)">SNR</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="Canadian Security Intelligence Service">CSIS</a></li> <li>Chad: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_the_Security_Services_of_State_Institutions" title="General Directorate of the Security Services of State Institutions">DGSSIE</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Nacional_de_Inteligencia" title="Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia">ANI</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Directorate_(Colombia)" title="National Intelligence Directorate (Colombia)">DNI</a></li> <li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Agency (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">ANR</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Security and Intelligence Agency">SOA</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Security_Information_Service" title="Security Information Service">BIS</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Security_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Security and Intelligence Service">PET</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security (Egypt)">EHS</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Internal_Security_Service" title="Estonian Internal Security Service">KAPO</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Security_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Finnish Security and Intelligence Service">SUPO</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_for_Internal_Security" title="General Directorate for Internal Security">DGSI</a></li> <li>Georgia: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_of_Georgia" title="State Security Service of Georgia">SSSG</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">BfV</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="State Office for the Protection of the Constitution">LfV</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Police_Service" title="Ghana Police Service">GPS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminal_Investigative_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminal Investigative Department (page does not exist)">CID</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Greece)" title="National Intelligence Service (Greece)">EYP</a></li> <li>Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Department" title="National Security Department">NSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">CPGNSO</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Protection_Office" title="Constitution Protection Office">AH</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">IB</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police#Central_Executive_Agencies" title="Indonesian National Police">Baintelkam Polri</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Intelijen_dan_Keamanan_Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="id:Badan Intelijen dan Keamanan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">id</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_State_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian State Intelligence Agency">BIN</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Intelligence_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)">VAJA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Organization_of_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Organization of Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution">IRGC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Security_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Security Police">PAVA</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Garda_Crime_and_Security_Branch" title="Garda Crime and Security Branch">CSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_Detective_Unit" title="Special Detective Unit">SDU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garda_National_Surveillance_Unit" title="Garda National Surveillance Unit">NSU</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Agenzia_Informazioni_e_Sicurezza_Interna" title="Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna">AISI</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_Security_Bureau" title="National Police Agency Security Bureau">NPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Police_Department_Public_Security_Bureau" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Public Security Bureau">TMPD PSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Public Security Intelligence Agency">PSIA</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)" title="National Intelligence Service (Kenya)">NIS</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Intelligence_Agency" title="Kosovo Intelligence Agency">AKI</a></li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Latvia)" title="State Security Service (Latvia)">VDD</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigation_Service" title="Special Investigation Service">STT</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Information_Branch" title="Information Branch">ISF IB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_State_Security" title="Lebanese State Security">LSS</a></li> <li>Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Service_de_Renseignement_de_l%27%C3%89tat" title="Service de Renseignement de l'État">SREL</a></li> <li>Macau: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol%C3%ADcia_Judici%C3%A1ria_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polícia Judiciária (Macau) (page does not exist)">DS</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Special_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Special Branch">SB</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Information_and_Security_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova">SIS</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_for_Territorial_Surveillance" title="General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance">DGST</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/National_Coordinator_for_Security_and_Counterterrorism" title="National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism">NCTV</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="New Zealand Security Intelligence Service">NZSIS</a></li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Nigeria)" title="State Security Service (Nigeria)">SSS</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of State Security (North Korea)">SSD</a></li> <li>Republic of North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Agency_of_Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Agency of Republic of Macedonia">IA</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Security_Service" title="Norwegian Police Security Service">PST</a></li> <li>Oman: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Service" title="Internal Security Service">ISS</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan)" title="Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)">IB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Investigation_Agency" title="Federal Investigation Agency">FIA</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">PPS</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretar%C3%ADa_Nacional_de_Inteligencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretaría Nacional de Inteligencia (page does not exist)">SNI</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/National_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Peru)" title="National Directorate of Intelligence (Peru)">DINI</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">NBI</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NICA</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Wewn%C4%99trznego" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego">ABW</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Ochrony_Pa%C5%84stwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Ochrony Państwa">SOP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stra%C5%BC_Marsza%C5%82kowska" class="mw-redirect" title="Straż Marszałkowska">SM</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Seguran%C3%A7a" title="Serviço de Informações de Segurança">SIS</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Intelligence_Service" title="Romanian Intelligence Service">SRI</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Mabahith" title="Mabahith">Mabahith</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Security Intelligence Agency">BIA</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Department_(Singapore)" title="Internal Security Department (Singapore)">ISD</a></li> <li>Somalia: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="National Intelligence and Security Agency">NISA</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_Security_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Security (South Africa)">SSA</a></li> <li>South Korea: Intelligence Bureau, <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="National Police Agency (South Korea)">KNPA</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Center_for_Counter-Terrorism_and_Organized_Crime" title="Intelligence Center for Counter-Terrorism and Organized Crime">CITCO</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/State_Intelligence_Service_(Sri_Lanka)" title="State Intelligence Service (Sri Lanka)">SIS</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Security_Service" title="Swedish Security Service">SÄPO</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Service_(Syria)" title="General Intelligence Service (Syria)">GIS</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_Investigation_Bureau" title="Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau">MJIB</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Operations_Command" title="Internal Security Operations Command">ISOC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_Bureau" title="Special Branch Bureau">SB</a></li> <li>Togo: <a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_des_renseignements_(Togo)" title="Agence nationale des renseignements (Togo)">ANR</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">MİT</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Presidency_of_General_Directorate_of_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence Presidency of General Directorate of Security (page does not exist)">İB</a></li> <li>Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Organisation" title="Internal Security Organisation">ISO</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">SBU</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">Security Service (<i>MI5</i>)</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Domestic_Extremism_and_Disorder_Intelligence_Unit" title="National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit">NDEDIU</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Ballistics_Intelligence_Service" title="National Ballistics Intelligence Service">NBIS</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">I&A (DHS)</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement#Homeland_Security_Investigations_(HSI)" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ID (HSI)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FBI_Intelligence_Branch" title="FBI Intelligence Branch">IB (FBI)</a>, <a href="/wiki/DEA_Office_of_National_Security_Intelligence" title="DEA Office of National Security Intelligence">ONSI (DEA)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">OSII (ATF)</a></li> <li>Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Uzbekistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Service (Uzbekistan)">SNB</a></li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Intelligence Service">SEBIN</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Public_Security_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Public Security Intelligence (page does not exist)">TC5</a> (<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_c%E1%BB%A5c_T%C3%ACnh_b%C3%A1o,_B%E1%BB%99_C%C3%B4ng_an_(Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)" class="extiw" title="vi:Tổng cục Tình báo, Bộ Công an (Việt Nam)">vi</a>)</li> <li>Zimbabwe: <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Central Intelligence Organisation">CIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Military<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direction_centrale_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direction centrale de la sécurité de l'armée (page does not exist)">DCSA</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servi%C3%A7o_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_Militar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serviço de Inteligência Militar (page does not exist)">SIM</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Defence Intelligence Organisation">DIO</a></li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/Heeresnachrichtenamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeresnachrichtenamt">HNaA</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Forces_Intelligence" title="Directorate General of Forces Intelligence">DGFI</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Belarus (page does not exist)">GRU MO RB</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Belgian_General_Information_and_Security_Service" title="Belgian General Information and Security Service">ADIV/SGRS</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departamento_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_Estrat%C3%A9gica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departamento de Inteligência Estratégica (page does not exist)">DIE</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Intelligence_Command" title="Canadian Forces Intelligence Command">CFINTCOM</a></li> <li>Chad: <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_the_Security_Services_of_State_Institutions" title="General Directorate of the Security Services of State Institutions">DGSSIE</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department" title="Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department">CMC JSD Intelligence Bureau</a></li> <li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="/wiki/DEMIAP" title="DEMIAP">DEMIAP</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Military_Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Security and Intelligence Agency">VSOA</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Directorate" title="Military Counterintelligence Directorate">DCIM</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_(Czech_Republic)" title="Military Intelligence (Czech Republic)">VZ</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Defence Intelligence Service">FE</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence_and_reconnaissance_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intelligence and reconnaissance (Egypt)">DMISR</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Division_(Finland)" title="Intelligence Division (Finland)">PE TIEDOS</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Direction_du_renseignement_militaire" title="Direction du renseignement militaire">DRM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Service_(Germany)" title="Military Counterintelligence Service (Germany)">MAD</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Intelligence_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Intelligence Unit (page does not exist)">MIU</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katonai_Nemzetbiztons%C3%A1gi_Szolg%C3%A1lat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katonai Nemzetbiztonsági Szolgálat (page does not exist)">KNBSZ</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (page does not exist)">General Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Islamic Republic of Iran Army">SAHEFAJA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution">SAHEFASA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Ministry_of_Defence_and_Armed_Forces_Logistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (page does not exist)">SAHEFAVEDJA</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">DMI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">DIA</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Strategic_Intelligence_Agency" title="Indonesian Strategic Intelligence Agency">BAIS TNI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Army_Intelligence_Centre" title="Indonesian Army Intelligence Centre">Pusintelad</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Ireland)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)">G2</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Aman</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Centro_Intelligence_Interforze" title="Centro Intelligence Interforze">CII</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters" title="Defense Intelligence Headquarters">DIH</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Second_Investigation_Department" title="Second Investigation Department">AOTD</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Defence_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Malaysian Defence Intelligence Organisation">DIO</a></li> <li>Maldives: <a href="/wiki/Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">MNDF</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_Bureau_(Morocco)" title="Deuxième Bureau (Morocco)">DB</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intelligence of Myanmar">Sa Ya Pa</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Military_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service">MIVD</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Defence_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Defence Intelligence and Security">DDIS</a></li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(Nigeria)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (Nigeria)">DIA</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li> <li>Republic of North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Military_Service_for_Security_and_Intelligence" title="Military Service for Security and Intelligence">MSSI</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Intelligence_Service" title="Norwegian Intelligence Service">E-tjenesten</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Military Intelligence (Pakistan)">MI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)">NI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Air Intelligence (Pakistan)">AI</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86)" class="extiw" title="ar:الاستخبارات العسكرية (فلسطين)">MIS</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines#AFP-wide_service_support_and_separate_units" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">ISAFP</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Kontrwywiadu_Wojskowego" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego">SKW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Wywiadu_Wojskowego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Służba Wywiadu Wojskowego (page does not exist)">SWW</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/CISMIL" class="mw-redirect" title="CISMIL">CISMIL</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Direc%C5%A3ia_General%C4%83_de_Informa%C5%A3ii_a_Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii" class="mw-redirect" title="Direcţia Generală de Informaţii a Apărării">DGIA</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Armed_Forces_Intelligence_and_Security_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Armed Forces Intelligence and Security Commission (page does not exist)">AFISC</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Military_Security_Agency" title="Military Security Agency">VBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Agency" title="Military Intelligence Agency">VOA</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Intelligence Organisation">MIO</a></li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Vojensk%C3%A9_spravodajstvo" title="Vojenské spravodajstvo">VS</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Service_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_(Slovenia)" title="Intelligence and Security Service of the Ministry of Defence (Slovenia)">OVS</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Division_(SANDF)" title="Defence Intelligence Division (SANDF)">SANDF-ID</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="Defense Intelligence Agency (South Korea)">DIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_Counterintelligence_Command" title="Defense Counterintelligence Command">DCC</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces_Intelligence_Center" title="Spanish Armed Forces Intelligence Center">CIFAS</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Sri Lanka)">DMI</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Military_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service">MUST</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rischer_Nachrichtendienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Militärischer Nachrichtendienst">MND</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffennachrichtendienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Luftwaffennachrichtendienst">LWND</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)">MI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Intelligence_Directorate" title="Air Force Intelligence Directorate">AFID</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Military Intelligence Bureau">MIB</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armed_Forces_Security_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armed Forces Security Center (page does not exist)">AFSC</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Genelkurmay_%C4%B0stihbarat_Daire_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Genelkurmay İstihbarat Daire Başkanlığı">GENKUR İ.D.B.</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)">HUR MO</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence" title="Defence Intelligence">DI</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">DIA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">ONI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)">MIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Force Intelligence">USAFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Intelligence" title="Marine Corps Intelligence">MCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Intelligence" title="Coast Guard Intelligence">CGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Intelligence_Center" title="National Space Intelligence Center">NSIC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_General_de_Contrainteligencia_Militar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirección General de Contrainteligencia Militar">DGCIM</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/General_Department_of_Defence_Intelligence" title="General Department of Defence Intelligence">TC2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Signals_Directorate" title="Australian Signals Directorate">ASD</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunication_Monitoring_Centre" title="National Telecommunication Monitoring Centre">NTMC</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Subchefia_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_do_Estado-Maior_de_Defesa" title="Subchefia de Inteligência do Estado-Maior de Defesa">2ª Sch/EMD</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Communications_Security_Establishment" title="Communications Security Establishment">CSE</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission">SIGINT</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Operational_Technology_Centre_for_the_Surveillance_of_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational Technology Centre for the Surveillance of Telecommunications">OTC</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Information_Network_Security_Agency" title="Information Network Security Agency">INSA</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Intelligence_Agency" title="Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency">PVTIEDL</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/DRSD" title="DRSD">DRSD</a></li> <li>Germany: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">BND</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Department_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Department Unit (page does not exist)">RDU</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Joint_Cipher_Bureau" title="Joint Cipher Bureau">JCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Technical_Research_Organisation" title="National Technical Research Organisation">NTRO</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_And_Crypto_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cyber And Crypto Agency">BSSN</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Siber_dan_Sandi_Negara" class="extiw" title="id:Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara">id</a>)</li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Communications_and_Information_Services_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications and Information Services Corps">CIS</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Unit_8200" title="Unit 8200">8200</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters" title="Defense Intelligence Headquarters">DIH</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Nationale_SIGINT_Organisatie" title="Nationale SIGINT Organisatie">NSO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Sigint_Cyber_Unit" title="Joint Sigint Cyber Unit">JSCU</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Government_Communications_Security_Bureau" title="Government Communications Security Bureau">GCSB</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Authority_(Norway)" title="National Security Authority (Norway)">NSM</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">JSIB</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Wewn%C4%99trznego" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego">ABW</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Kontrwywiadu_Wojskowego" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego">SKW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Wywiadu_Wojskowego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Służba Wywiadu Wojskowego (page does not exist)">SWW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narodowe_Centrum_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Cyberprzestrzeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narodowe Centrum Bezpieczeństwa Cyberprzestrzeni (page does not exist)">NCBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Ship_Flotilla#Sub-Units" title="3rd Ship Flotilla">gOR 3.FO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Radioelectronic_Combat_Reconnaissance_and_Support_%E2%80%B3Lieutenant_Colonel_Jan_Kowalewski%E2%80%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre for Radioelectronic Combat Reconnaissance and Support ″Lieutenant Colonel Jan Kowalewski″ (page does not exist)">CRiWWRE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Przasnysz_Radioelectronic_Reconnaissance_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Przasnysz Radioelectronic Reconnaissance Regiment (page does not exist)">2.ORel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Oliwa_Radioelectronic_Reconnaissance_Regiment_%E2%80%B3Admiral_Arendt_Dickman%E2%80%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Oliwa Radioelectronic Reconnaissance Regiment ″Admiral Arendt Dickman″ (page does not exist)">6.ORel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Unit_NIL_%22Brigadier_General_August_Emil_Fieldorf_%C2%ABNil%C2%BB%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Unit NIL "Brigadier General August Emil Fieldorf «Nil»" (page does not exist)">JW NIL</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Serviciul_de_Telecomunica%C8%9Bii_Speciale" title="Serviciul de Telecomunicații Speciale">STS</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Special_Communications_Service_of_Russia" title="Special Communications Service of Russia"><i>Spetssvyaz</i></a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_State_Security" title="Presidency of State Security">PSS</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_Security_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Security (South Africa)">SSA</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/National_Cryptologic_Center" title="National Cryptologic Center">CCN</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Radio_Establishment" title="National Defence Radio Establishment">FRA</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)">MI</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Sinyal_%C4%B0stihbarat%C4%B1_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinyal İstihbaratı Başkanlığı">MİT-SİB</a></li> <li>UAE: <a href="/wiki/Signals_Intelligence_Agency" title="Signals Intelligence Agency">SIA</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Derzhspetszviazok" class="mw-redirect" title="Derzhspetszviazok">Derzhspetszviazok</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Government_Communications_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Communications Headquarters">GCHQ</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">Imagery<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Geospatial-Intelligence_Organisation" title="Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation">AGO</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Intelligence_Agency" title="Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency">PVTIEDL</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Air_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Air Intelligence">DAI</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Badan_Informasi_Geospasial" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Informasi Geospasial">BIG</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_Group" title="Air Intelligence Group">Air Intelligence Group</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Centre_for_Geospatial_Data_Infrastructure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaysian Centre for Geospatial Data Infrastructure (page does not exist)">MaCGDI</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_intelligence_agencies#Other_organisations" title="New Zealand intelligence agencies">GEOINT NZ</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Wywiadu_Wojskowego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Służba Wywiadu Wojskowego (page does not exist)">SWW</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_IMINT_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish IMINT Centre (page does not exist)">ORO</a>, <a href="/wiki/12th_Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles_Base" title="12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base">12.BBSP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Unit_NIL_%22Brigadier_General_August_Emil_Fieldorf_%C2%ABNil%C2%BB%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Unit NIL "Brigadier General August Emil Fieldorf «Nil»" (page does not exist)">JW NIL</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Air Intelligence (Pakistan)">Air Intelligence</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency#NMARSC" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NMARSC</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Geoespacial_do_Ex%C3%A9rcito" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército">CIGeoE</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">TsVTI GRU</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Fusion_Centre" title="Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre">DGIFC</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">NGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_intelligence" title="Financial intelligence">Financial<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Unidad_de_Inteligencia_Financiera_(Argentina)" title="Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera (Argentina)">UIF</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Transaction_Reports_and_Analysis_Centre" title="Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre">AUSTRAC</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Monitoring_Service_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Monitoring Service (Azerbaijan)">MMX</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Financial_Intelligence_Unit" title="Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit">FIU</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Financial_Activities_Control" title="Council for Financial Activities Control">COAF</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Transactions_and_Reports_Analysis_Centre_of_Canada" title="Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada">FINTRAC</a></li> <li>Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Financial_Intelligence_Unit" title="Fiji Financial Intelligence Unit">FIU</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Tracfin" title="Tracfin">Tracfin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direction_Nationale_du_Renseignement_et_des_Enqu%C3%AAtes_Douani%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction Nationale du Renseignement et des Enquêtes Douanières">DNRED</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Skattranns%C3%B3knarstj%C3%B3ri_R%C3%ADkisins" class="mw-redirect" title="Skattrannsóknarstjóri Ríkisins">SR</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Central_Economic_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Central Economic Intelligence Bureau">CEIB</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Financial_Transaction_Reports_and_Analysis_Center" title="Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center">PPATK</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Garda_National_Economic_Crime_Bureau" title="Garda National Economic Crime Bureau">GNECB</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A0_di_Informazione_Finanziaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unità di Informazione Finanziaria (page does not exist)">UIF</a></li> <li>Lithuania (<a href="/wiki/Financial_Crime_Investigation_Service" title="Financial Crime Investigation Service">FNTT</a>)</li> <li>Malta: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Intelligence_Analysis_Unit" title="Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit">FIAU</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Unidad_de_Inteligencia_Financiera_(Mexico)" title="Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera (Mexico)">UIF</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Information_and_Investigation_Service" title="Fiscal Information and Investigation Service">FIOD</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Financial_Information_Inspector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Financial Information Inspector (page does not exist)">GIIF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Service_(Poland)" title="Tax and Customs Service (Poland)">SCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Anticorruption_Bureau" title="Central Anticorruption Bureau">CBA</a></li> <li>Qatar: <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Financial_Information_Unit" title="Qatar Financial Information Unit">FIU</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Rosfinmonitoring" title="Rosfinmonitoring">Rosfinmonitoring</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Financial_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Financial Intelligence (page does not exist)">GDOFI</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">SVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/SEPBLAC" title="SEPBLAC">SEPBLAC</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Investigation_Board_(Turkey)" title="Financial Crimes Investigation Board (Turkey)">MASAK</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Terrorism_and_Financial_Intelligence" title="Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence">TFI</a></li> <li>Vatican: <a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Financial_Information_Authority_(Vatican_City)" title="Supervisory and Financial Information Authority (Vatican City)">ASIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criminal_intelligence" title="Criminal intelligence">Criminal<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Inteligencia_Criminal" title="Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal">DNIC</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Criminal_Intelligence_Commission" title="Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission">ACIC</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Bangladesh)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Bangladesh)">CID</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Intelligence_Service_Canada" title="Criminal Intelligence Service Canada">CISC</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Finland)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)">NBI</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">CBI</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police#Central_Executive_Agencies" title="Indonesian National Police">Baintelkam Polri</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Intelijen_dan_Keamanan_Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="id:Badan Intelijen dan Keamanan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">id</a>)</li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Direzione_Investigativa_Antimafia" title="Direzione Investigativa Antimafia">DIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divisione_Investigazioni_Generali_e_Operazioni_Speciali" title="Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali">DIGOS</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">NBI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police#Operational_units" title="Philippine National Police">PNP-IG</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Headquarters_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Headquarters (Poland)">BWiIK KGP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centralne_Biuro_%C5%9Aledcze_Policji" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralne Biuro Śledcze Policji">CBŚP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">ZOŚ KGSG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_Gendarmerie_(Poland)" title="Military Gendarmerie (Poland)">ZK KGŻW</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Direc%C8%9Bia_General%C4%83_de_Protec%C8%9Bie_Intern%C4%83" title="Direcția Generală de Protecție Internă"> DGPI</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Crime_Intelligence_Division" title="Crime Intelligence Division">Crime Intelligence Division</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/General_Commissariat_of_Information" title="General Commissariat of Information">CGI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_Information_Service" title="Civil Guard Information Service">SIGC</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Commissariat_of_Judiciary_Police" title="General Commissariat of Judiciary Police">CGPJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Operative_Unit" title="Central Operative Unit">UCO</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/FBI_Intelligence_Branch" title="FBI Intelligence Branch">IB (FBI)</a>, <a href="/wiki/DEA_Office_of_National_Security_Intelligence" title="DEA Office of National Security Intelligence">ONSI (DEA)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">OSII (ATF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement#Homeland_Security_Investigations_(HSI)" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ID (HSI)</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intelligence<br />community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Intelligence_Community" title="Australian Intelligence Community">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_intelligence_community" title="Bangladeshi intelligence community">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intelligence_agencies_of_France" title="List of intelligence agencies of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_intelligence_agencies" title="New Zealand intelligence agencies">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_intelligence_agencies" title="British intelligence agencies">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intelligence<br />alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_de_Berne" title="Club de Berne">Club de Berne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximator_(intelligence_alliance)" title="Maximator (intelligence alliance)">Maximator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egmont_Group_of_Financial_Intelligence_Units" title="Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units">Egmont Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br /> agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Special_Higher_Police" title="Special Higher Police">Tokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>: <a href="/wiki/Embroidered_Uniform_Guard" title="Embroidered Uniform Guard">Embroidered Uniform Guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Depot" title="Eastern Depot">Eastern Depot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Depot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Depot (page does not exist)">Western Depot</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%82" class="extiw" title="zh:西厂">zh</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_Depot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internal Depot (page does not exist)">Internal Depot</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%BB%A0" class="extiw" title="zh:內行廠">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Investigation_and_Statistics" title="Bureau of Investigation and Statistics">NBIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>: <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (United Kingdom)">DMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Counterintelligence_Service_(Yugoslavia)" title="Counterintelligence Service (Yugoslavia)">KOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_intelligence_agencies" title="List of intelligence agencies">List of intelligence agencies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_leak" title="News leak">Leaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">Diplomatic cable leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">NSA leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_7" title="Vault 7">CIA leaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Firewall of China">Great Firewall of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China">Mass surveillance in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_agency" title="Security agency">Security agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">Surveillance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" title="Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">Big Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_detail_record" title="Call detail record">Call detail record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_(software)" title="Carnivore (software)">Carnivore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishfire" title="Dishfire">Dishfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECHELON" title="ECHELON">ECHELON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Ghost" title="Stone Ghost">Stone Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbulence_(NSA)" title="Turbulence (NSA)">Turbulence (NSA programme)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_issues_in_smart_cities" title="Surveillance issues in smart cities">Surveillance issues in smart cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272969#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata838" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-27T14:09:07Z","dateModified":"2025-02-13T11:59:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/Zentrale_des_Bundesnachrichtendienst%2C_Berlin.jpg","headline":"foreign intelligence agency of Germany"}</script> </body> </html>