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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="গ্নোম ডিসপ্লে ম্যানেজার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্নোম ডিসপ্লে ম্যানেজার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome_Display_Manager" title="Gnome Display Manager – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gnome Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="مدیر نمایش گنوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدیر نمایش گنوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%86%88_%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4_%EB%A7%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%A0%80" title="그놈 디스플레이 매니저 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그놈 디스플레이 매니저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC" title="ഗ്നോം ഡിസ്പ്ലേ മാനേജർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്നോം ഡിസ്പ്ലേ മാനേജർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="GNOME ディスプレイマネージャー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GNOME ディスプレイマネージャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDM" title="GDM – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GDM" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager" title="GNOME Display Manager – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GNOME Display Manager" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="GNOME显示管理器 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GNOME显示管理器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1460961#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Display manager for the windowing systems X11 and Wayland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">GNOME Display Manager</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fedora_21_login_screen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Fedora_21_login_screen.png/220px-Fedora_21_login_screen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Fedora_21_login_screen.png/330px-Fedora_21_login_screen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Fedora_21_login_screen.png/440px-Fedora_21_login_screen.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">GNOME Display Manager 3 (its default appearance uses a <a href="/wiki/Dark_theme" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark theme">dark theme</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_GNOME_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The GNOME Project">The GNOME Project</a> (William Jon McCann, Brian Cameron, Ray Strode)</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">47.0<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-9f2c14c46a4a816b214fade67a3bb223f7a8c09b-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-9f2c14c46a4a816b214fade67a3bb223f7a8c09b-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460961?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 14 September 2024<span class="noprint">; 2 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">14 September 2024</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">41.alpha<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-b59072cfe73991e305e75e96bcb9f155d22b737a-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-b59072cfe73991e305e75e96bcb9f155d22b737a-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460961?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 28 July 2021<span class="noprint">; 3 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">28 July 2021</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gdm.git">gitlab<wbr />.gnome<wbr />.org<wbr />/GNOME<wbr />/gdm<wbr />.git</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460961#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Login_manager" title="Login manager">Login manager</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_display_manager" title="X display manager">X display manager</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL-2.0-or-later</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GDM">wiki<wbr />.gnome<wbr />.org<wbr />/Projects<wbr />/GDM</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460961?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>GNOME Display Manager</b> (<b>GDM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/X_display_manager" title="X display manager">display manager</a> (a graphical <a href="/wiki/Login_manager" title="Login manager">login manager</a>) for the <a href="/wiki/Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">windowing systems</a> <a href="/wiki/X11" class="mw-redirect" title="X11">X11</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a>. </p><p>The X Window System by default uses the <a href="/wiki/XDM_(display_manager)" title="XDM (display manager)">XDM</a> display manager. However, resolving XDM configuration issues typically involves editing a <a href="/wiki/Configuration_file" title="Configuration file">configuration file</a>. GDM allows users to customize or troubleshoot settings without having to resort to a <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command line</a>. Users can pick their <a href="/wiki/Login_session" title="Login session">session</a> type on a per-login basis. GDM 2.38.0 is the last version that features customization with <a href="/wiki/Skin_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin (computing)">themes</a>; subsequent releases do not support themes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_architecture">Software architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Display_Manager&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Software architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GDM is a display manager that implements all significant features required for managing attached and remote displays. GDM was written from scratch and does not contain any XDM or X Consortium code.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Display_Manager&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GDM comprises the following components: </p> <ul><li>Chooser – a program used to select a remote host as the source for a remote display on the attached display (gdm-host-chooser)</li> <li>Greeter – the graphical login window (provided by <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluggable_authentication_module" title="Pluggable authentication module">Pluggable authentication module</a> (PAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Display_Manager_Control_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="X Display Manager Control Protocol">X Display Manager Control Protocol</a> (XDMCP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hidden_features">Hidden features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Display_Manager&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hidden features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until version 2.22,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GDM had a few <a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_(media)" title="Easter egg (media)">Easter eggs</a>, in the form of strings to be entered in the username box. These can be found in the source file "gui/guilogin.c", in a function named "evil".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dancing login – type "Start Dancing" to start, and "Stop Dancing" to stop. <ul><li>(This requires the standard greeter ("GTK+ Greeter"), rather than the graphical one ("Themed Greeter")).</li></ul></li> <li>"Gimme Random Cursor" – can be used repeatedly. <ul><li>This changes the mouse cursor to a randomly selected 1 of 77 different "cursor fonts" as defined in the X11 specification.</li></ul></li> <li>"Require Quarter" (or "Require Quater", for backward compatibility with a typo in the original),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then log in normally – a dialog box that reads "Please insert 25 cents to log in." appears after entering the password. Clicking "OK" allows the login process to proceed as normal.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queen_of_England">Queen of England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Display_Manager&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Queen of England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the copyright notices of GDM refer to the "Queen of England", whom release announcements from version 2.2.1 also named as a maintainer.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, developers realised that the title "<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">Queen of England</a>" has not existed since the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union of 1707</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Display_Manager&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Getty_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Getty (Unix)">getty</a> – a non-graphical login program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LightDM" title="LightDM">LightDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager" title="Simple Desktop Display Manager">SDDM</a> (<a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5" title="KDE Plasma 5">KDE Plasma 5</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Display_Manager" title="KDE Display Manager">KDE Display Manager</a> (<a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_4" title="KDE Plasma 4">KDE Plasma 4</a>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Display_Manager&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-9f2c14c46a4a816b214fade67a3bb223f7a8c09b-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-9f2c14c46a4a816b214fade67a3bb223f7a8c09b-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://release.gnome.org/calendar/">"GNOME Release Galendar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNOME+Release+Galendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frelease.gnome.org%2Fcalendar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-b59072cfe73991e305e75e96bcb9f155d22b737a-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-b59072cfe73991e305e75e96bcb9f155d22b737a-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gdm/-/tags/41.alpha">"41.alpha"</a>. 28 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=41.alpha&rft.date=2021-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgitlab.gnome.org%2FGNOME%2Fgdm%2F-%2Ftags%2F41.alpha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.gnome.org/admin/gdm/">"GDM documentation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDM+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.gnome.org%2Fadmin%2Fgdm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://git.gnome.org/browse/gdm/commit/gui/gdmlogin.c?h=gnome-2-22&id=3dfd5dedf50bb4a95730dea046aedcfec678fca1">"migrate gui to new config framework with a chainsaw"</a>. 1 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=migrate+gui+to+new+config+framework+with+a+chainsaw&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgit.gnome.org%2Fbrowse%2Fgdm%2Fcommit%2Fgui%2Fgdmlogin.c%3Fh%3Dgnome-2-22%26id%3D3dfd5dedf50bb4a95730dea046aedcfec678fca1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gdm/blob/gnome-2-20/gui/gdmlogin.c#L807">"gdm – guilogin.c"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://git.gnome.org/cgit/gdm/tree/gui/gdmlogin.c?h=gnome-2-20#n806">the original</a> on 31 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=gdm+%E2%80%93+guilogin.c&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgit.gnome.org%2Fcgit%2Fgdm%2Ftree%2Fgui%2Fgdmlogin.c%3Fh%3Dgnome-2-20%23n806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://git.gnome.org/cgit/gdm/commit/?h=gnome-2-20&id=ee8de912c84d9df4180965fe49108051f563ce11">"GDM commit ee8de912"</a>. 5 March 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDM+commit+ee8de912&rft.date=2001-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgit.gnome.org%2Fcgit%2Fgdm%2Fcommit%2F%3Fh%3Dgnome-2-20%26id%3Dee8de912c84d9df4180965fe49108051f563ce11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2001-May/msg00008.html">"ANNOUNCE: GDM 2.2.1, the 'Just because you're not paranoid doesn't mean they're not after you' release"</a>. 4 May 2001. <q>Gdm2 was originally written by Martin K. Petersen <mkp mkp net>, and is now maintained by the Queen of England.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANNOUNCE%3A+GDM+2.2.1%2C+the+%27Just+because+you%27re+not+paranoid+doesn%27t+mean+they%27re+not+after+you%27+release&rft.date=2001-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgnome-announce-list%2F2001-May%2Fmsg00008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gdm-list/2004-March/msg00002.html">"ANNOUNCE: GDM 2.5.90.2 (unstable), the "Nose poking" release"</a>. 4 March 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANNOUNCE%3A+GDM+2.5.90.2+%28unstable%29%2C+the+%22Nose+poking%22+release&rft.date=2004-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.gnome.org%2Farchives%2Fgdm-list%2F2004-March%2Fmsg00002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGNOME+Display+Manager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Display_Manager&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="width:9em">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjuta" title="Anjuta">Anjuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Builder" title="GNOME Builder">Builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glade_Interface_Designer" title="Glade Interface Designer">Glade Interface Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meld_(software)" title="Meld (software)">Meld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Devhelp" title="GNOME Devhelp">GNOME Devhelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemiver" title="Nemiver">Nemiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geany" title="Geany">Geany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gtranslator" title="Gtranslator">Gtranslator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Office</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dia_(software)" title="Dia (software)">Dia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Evolution" title="GNOME Evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_LaTeX" title="GNOME LaTeX">GNOME LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnumeric" title="Gnumeric">Gnumeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCRFeeder" title="OCRFeeder">OCRFeeder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F-Spot" title="F-Spot">F-Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GThumb" title="GThumb">gThumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotwell_(software)" title="Shotwell (software)">Shotwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanner_Access_Now_Easy#Simple_Scan" title="Scanner Access Now Easy">Simple Scan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(email_client)" title="Balsa (email client)">Balsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy_(software)" title="Empathy (software)">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiga" title="Ekiga">Ekiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_(e-mail_client)" title="Geary (e-mail client)">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNOME_Connections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNOME Connections (page does not exist)">GNOME Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Fractal" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Fractal">GNOME Fractal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobby" title="Gobby">Gobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_(software)" title="Jami (software)">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission-gtk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banshee_(media_player)" title="Banshee (media player)">Banshee</a></li> <li>EasyTag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitivi" title="Pitivi">Pitivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmbox" title="Rhythmbox">Rhythmbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Juicer" title="Sound Juicer">Sound Juicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_SoundConverter" title="GNOME SoundConverter">SoundConverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushi (software)">sushi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Games">GNOME Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Chess">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Mines" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Mines">Mines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbrainy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbrainy">gbrainy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PyChess" title="PyChess">PyChess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archive_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Manager">Archive Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasero_(software)" title="Brasero (software)">Brasero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dconf" title="Dconf">dconf-editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedit" title="Gedit">gedit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnote" title="Gnote">gnote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GParted" title="GParted">GParted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seahorse_(software)" title="Seahorse (software)">Seahorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomboy_(software)" title="Tomboy (software)">Tomboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelp_(software)" title="Yelp (software)">Yelp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">User interface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GNOME 40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mutter on GSK</li> <li>…</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GNOME 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Client-Side_Decoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-Side Decoration">Client-Side Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantarell_(typeface)" title="Cantarell (typeface)">Cantarell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_Desktop_Project" title="Tango Desktop Project">Tango Desktop Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GNOME 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Panel">GNOME Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearlooks" title="Clearlooks">Clearlooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adwaita_(design_language)" title="Adwaita (design language)">Adwaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamon (software)">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATE_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="MATE (software)">MATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodon_(software)" title="Diodon (software)">Diodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Do" title="GNOME Do">GNOME Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant_Window_Navigator" title="Avant Window Navigator">Avant Window Navigator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">GNOME Base</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GDK" title="GDK">GDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTK_Scene_Graph_Kit" title="GTK Scene Graph Kit">GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessibility_Toolkit" title="Accessibility Toolkit">ATK</a></li> <li>Clutter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pango" title="Pango">Pango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLib" title="GLib">GLib</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GObject" title="GObject">GObject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIO_(software)" title="GIO (software)">GIO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus" title="Intelligent Input Bus">IBus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dconf" title="Dconf">dconf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Keyring" title="GNOME Keyring">Keyring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME-DB" title="GNOME-DB">GNOME-DB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GVfs" title="GVfs">GVfs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GnomeVFS" title="GnomeVFS">GnomeVFS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Librsvg" title="Librsvg">Librsvg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TinySPARQL" title="TinySPARQL">TinySPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vala_(programming_language)" title="Vala (programming language)">Vala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libxslt" title="Libxslt">libxslt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libxml2" title="Libxml2">libxml2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppStream" title="AppStream">AppStream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GStreamer" title="GStreamer">GStreamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetworkManager" title="NetworkManager">NetworkManager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppler_(software)" title="Poppler (software)">Poppler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PulseAudio" title="PulseAudio">PulseAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit">PackageKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarfBuzz" title="HarfBuzz">HarfBuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_(graphics)" title="Cairo (graphics)">Cairo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Foundation" title="GNOME Foundation">GNOME Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Users_And_Developers_European_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="GNOME Users And Developers European Conference">GUADEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_GNOME_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The GNOME Project">The GNOME Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outreachy" title="Outreachy">Outreachy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Icaza" title="Miguel de Icaza">Miguel de Icaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Villa" title="Luis Villa">Luis Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havoc_Pennington" title="Havoc Pennington">Havoc Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Sandler" title="Karen Sandler">Karen Sandler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/13px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/20px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/27px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/16px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/24px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/32px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:GNOME" title="Category:GNOME">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GNOME" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:GNOME">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Software/Free_and_open-source_software_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Software/Free and open-source software task force">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="X_Window_System" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:XWinSys" title="Template:XWinSys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:XWinSys" title="Template talk:XWinSys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:XWinSys" title="Special:EditPage/Template:XWinSys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="X_Window_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X_Window_System_protocols_and_architecture" title="X Window System protocols and architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol" title="X Window System core protocol">Core protocol</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Window_selection" title="X Window selection">X Window selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Window_authorization" title="X Window authorization">X Window authorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X11_color_names" title="X11 color names">X11 color names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Input_Method" title="X Input Method">X Input Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X11.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X11.svg/64px-X11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X11.svg/96px-X11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X11.svg/128px-X11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_Image_Extension" title="X Image Extension">X Image Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_keyboard_extension" title="X keyboard extension">X keyboard extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RandR" class="mw-redirect" title="RandR">RandR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Rendering_Extension" title="X Rendering Extension">X Rendering Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shape_extension" title="Shape extension">Shape extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT-SHM" title="MIT-SHM">Shared memory extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDM_(display_manager)" title="XDM (display manager)">X Display Manager Control Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_video_extension" title="X video extension">X video extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Video_Motion_Compensation" title="X-Video Motion Compensation">X-Video Motion Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIGLX" title="AIGLX">AIGLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLX" title="GLX">GLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Pointer_X" title="Multi-Pointer X">Multi-Pointer X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_PostScript" title="Display PostScript">Display PostScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_Extension" title="Composite Extension">Composite Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinerama" title="Xinerama">Xinerama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components<br />and notable<br />implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Display_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Display server">Display servers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org Server</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygwin/X" title="Cygwin/X">Cygwin/X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Win32" title="X-Win32">X-Win32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X386" title="X386">X386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFree86" title="XFree86">XFree86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDarwin" title="XDarwin">XDarwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xming" title="Xming">Xming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsgi" title="Xsgi">Xsgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsun" title="Xsun">Xsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xgl" title="Xgl">Xgl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xephyr" title="Xephyr">Xephyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuartz" title="XQuartz">XQuartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XWayland" class="mw-redirect" title="XWayland">XWayland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Client libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xlib" title="Xlib">Xlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCB" title="XCB">XCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Toolkit_Intrinsics" title="X Toolkit Intrinsics">X Toolkit Intrinsics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X_display_manager" title="X display manager">Display managers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/X_session_manager" title="X session manager">Session managers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Display_Manager" title="KDE Display Manager">KDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager" title="Simple Desktop Display Manager">SDDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDM_(display_manager)" title="XDM (display manager)">XDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LightDM" title="LightDM">LightDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXDE" title="LXDE">LXDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(display_manager)" title="Entrance (display manager)">Entrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINGs_Display_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="WINGs Display Manager">WDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X_window_manager" title="X window manager">Window managers</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_X_window_managers" title="Comparison of X window managers">comparison</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compositing_window_manager" title="Compositing window manager">Compositing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compiz" title="Compiz">Compiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWin" title="KWin">KWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacity" title="Metacity">Metacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutter_(software)" title="Mutter (software)">Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xfwm" class="mw-redirect" title="Xfwm">Xfwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment (software)">Enlightenment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stacking_window_manager" title="Stacking window manager">Stacking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Dwm" class="mw-redirect" title="4Dwm">4Dwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfterStep" title="AfterStep">AfterStep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiwm" title="Amiwm">amiwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbox" title="Blackbox">Blackbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTWM" title="CTWM">CTWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwm_(window_manager)" title="Cwm (window manager)">cwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxbox" title="Fluxbox">Fluxbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLWM" title="FLWM">FLWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FVWM" title="FVWM">FVWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IceWM" title="IceWM">IceWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchbox_(window_manager)" title="Matchbox (window manager)">Matchbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_Window_Manager" title="Motif Window Manager">mwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwm" title="Olwm">olwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openbox" title="Openbox">Openbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qvwm" title="Qvwm">Qvwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawfish_(window_manager)" title="Sawfish (window manager)">Sawfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swm" title="Swm">swm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvtwm" title="Tvtwm">tvtwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twm" title="Twm">twm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vtwm" title="Vtwm">vtwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WindowLab" title="WindowLab">WindowLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_Maker" class="mw-redirect" title="Window Maker">Window Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wm2" title="Wm2">wm2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tiling_window_manager" title="Tiling window manager">Tiling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awesome_(window_manager)" title="Awesome (window manager)">awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwm" title="Dwm">dwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3_(window_manager)" title="I3 (window manager)">i3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_(window_manager)" title="Ion (window manager)">Ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratpoison" title="Ratpoison">ratpoison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wmii" class="mw-redirect" title="Wmii">wmii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmonad" title="Xmonad">xmonad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StumpWM" class="mw-redirect" title="StumpWM">StumpWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larswm" title="Larswm">larswm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Client_Communication_Conventions_Manual" title="Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual">ICCCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Window_Manager_Hints" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended Window Manager Hints">EWMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Save_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Save Protocol">XDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xcalc" class="mw-redirect" title="Xcalc">xcalc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xclock" class="mw-redirect" title="Xclock">xclock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xedit_(X11)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xedit (X11)">xedit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xload" class="mw-redirect" title="Xload">xload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeyes">xeyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_X_Window_System_desktop_environments" title="Comparison of X Window System desktop environments">Desktop environments (comparison)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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