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<li id="toc-Reclamation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reclamation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Reclamation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reclamation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worsley_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worsley_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Worsley Man</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worsley_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chat Moss</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat_Moss" title="Chat Moss – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chat Moss" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat_Moss" title="Chat Moss – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Chat Moss" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat_Moss" title="Chat Moss – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Chat Moss" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat_Moss" title="Chat Moss – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chat Moss" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1890600#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chat_Moss" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Chat_Moss" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chat_Moss"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chat_Moss"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Chat_Moss" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chat_Moss" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&oldid=1240242980" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Chat_Moss&id=1240242980&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChat_Moss"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChat_Moss"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chat_Moss&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chat_Moss" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1890600" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chat_Moss&params=53.4629_N_2.4316_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°27′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°25′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.4629°N 2.4316°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.4629; -2.4316</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Peat bog in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Chat Moss</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chat_Moss_Twelve_Yards_Road_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Chat_Moss_Twelve_Yards_Road_1.jpg/240px-Chat_Moss_Twelve_Yards_Road_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Chat_Moss_Twelve_Yards_Road_1.jpg/360px-Chat_Moss_Twelve_Yards_Road_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Chat_Moss_Twelve_Yards_Road_1.jpg/480px-Chat_Moss_Twelve_Yards_Road_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span><div>Along Astley Road</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chat Moss is located in Greater Manchester"><img alt="Chat Moss is located in Greater Manchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/240px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/360px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/480px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="993" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.395%;left:40.933%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chat Moss"><img alt="Chat Moss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Chat Moss</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">10.6 sq mi (27 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.462657~-2.433744&lvl=13&sp=Point.53.462657_-2.433744_Chat+Moss&sty=s&style=s">SJ713963</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Wigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MANCHESTER</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M_postcode_area" title="M postcode area">M44,M29,M17,WN7,WA3</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0161</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Police" title="Greater Manchester Police">Greater Manchester</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service">Greater Manchester</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_West_Ambulance_Service" title="North West Ambulance Service">North West</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worsley_and_Eccles_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Worsley and Eccles South (UK Parliament constituency)">Worsley and Eccles South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leigh,_Greater_Manchester" title="Leigh, Greater Manchester">Leigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrington North">Warrington North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stretford_and_Urmston" class="mw-redirect" title="Stretford and Urmston">Stretford and Urmston</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places in Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chat_Moss&params=53.4629_N_2.4316_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°27′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°25′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.4629°N 2.4316°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.4629; -2.4316</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chat Moss</b> is a large area of <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">peat bog</a> that makes up part of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Metropolitan Borough of Wigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>, England. It also makes up part of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">Metropolitan Borough of St Helens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a>, 5 miles (8 km) to the west of <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, it occupies an area of about 10.6 square miles (27.5 km<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>As it might be recognised today, Chat Moss is thought to be about 7,000 years old, but peat development seems to have begun there with the ending of the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>, about 10,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirks1965278_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirks1965278-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The depth of peat ranges from 24 to 30 feet (7 to 9 m). A great deal of <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclamation</a> work has been carried out, particularly during the 19th century, but a large-scale network of drainage channels is still required to keep the land from reverting to bog. In 1958 workers extracting peat discovered the severed head of what is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Romano-British" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-British">Romano-British</a> <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celt</a>, possibly a sacrificial victim, in the eastern part of the bog near <a href="/wiki/Worsley" title="Worsley">Worsley</a>. </p><p>Much of Chat Moss is now prime agricultural land, although farming in the area is in decline. A 228-acre (92 ha) area of Chat Moss, notified as <a href="/wiki/Astley_and_Bedford_Mosses" title="Astley and Bedford Mosses">Astley and Bedford Mosses</a>, was designated a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater Manchester">Site of Special Scientific Interest</a> in 1989. Along with nearby <a href="/wiki/Risley_Moss" title="Risley Moss">Risley Moss</a> and Holcroft Moss, Astley and Bedford Mosses has also been designated as a <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Area_of_Conservation" title="Special Area of Conservation">Special Area of Conservation</a>, known as Manchester Mosses. </p><p>Chat Moss threatened the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a>, until <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a>, with advice from East Anglian marshland specialist Robert Stannard, succeeded in constructing a railway line through it in 1829; his solution was to "float" the line on a bed of bound heather and branches topped with tar and covered with rubble stone. The <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62 motorway</a>, completed in 1976, crosses the bog, to the north of <a href="/wiki/Irlam" title="Irlam">Irlam</a>. Also the <a href="/wiki/A580_road_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="A580 road (England)">A580</a> crosses the bog, forming <a href="/wiki/Leigh,_Greater_Manchester" title="Leigh, Greater Manchester">Leigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowton" title="Lowton">Lowton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Astley, Greater Manchester">Astley</a>'s (<a href="/wiki/Wigan_MBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wigan MBC">Wigan MBC</a>)'s boundary with <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culcheth_and_Glazebury" title="Culcheth and Glazebury">Culcheth and Glazebury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croft,_Cheshire" title="Croft, Cheshire">Croft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenyon,_Cheshire" title="Kenyon, Cheshire">Kenyon</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chat Moss may be named after <a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">St Chad</a>, a 7th-century bishop of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SalfordIrlam_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalfordIrlam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but as it was once part of a great tree-edged lake, as evidenced by the numerous wood remains in the lower levels of the peat, it is perhaps more likely that the name stems from the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> word <i>ced</i>, meaning wood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed1990122_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed1990122-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chat Moss could also derive from Ceatta, an <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> personal name and <i>mos</i>, a swamp or alternatively the first element could be the Old English <i>ceat</i> meaning a piece of wet ground. It was recorded as Catemosse in 1277 and Chatmos in 1322.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMills197671_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMills197671-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Moss</i> is the local name for a peat bog.<sup id="cite_ref-SalfordBiodiversity_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalfordBiodiversity-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> visited the area in 1724, on his way from <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a> to <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From hence (Warrington), on the road to Manchester, we pass'd the great bog or waste call'd Chatmos, the first of that kind that we see in England ... The surface, at a distance, looks black and dirty, and is indeed frightful to think of, for it will bear neither horse or man, unless in an exceeding dry season, and then not so as to be passable, or that any one should travel over them ... What nature meant by such a useless production, 'tis hard to imagine; but the land is entirely waste, excep ... for the poor cottagers fuel, and the quantity used for that is very small.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Daniel Defoe, <i>A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain, divided into circuits or journies</i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Peat bogs sometimes burst their boundaries, particularly after being subjected to heavy rainfall, and this seems to have happened with Chat Moss in the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/John_Leland_(antiquary)" title="John Leland (antiquary)">John Leland</a>, writing during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">King Henry VIII</a>, described one such event: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Chat Moss brast up within a mile of Mosley Haul, and destroied much grounde with mosse thereabout, and destroyed much fresh-water fishche thereabout, first corrupting with stinkinge water Glasebrooke, and so Glasebrooke carried stinkinge water and mosse into Mersey water, and Mersey corrupted carried the roulling mosse, part to the shores of Wales, part to the isle of Man, and some unto Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John Leland, Quoted in Robert Chambers'<i>The Book of Days; A Miscellany of Popular Antiquity</i></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_Railway_across_Chat_Moss,_from_Bury%27s_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway,_1831_-_artfinder_267570_full_1024x836.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A very early steam locomotive pulling four open carriages under a cloudy blue sky along a track slightly built up from the surrounding flat countryside. The train has just passed a small farmhouse and is approaching a gentleman who is standing by the side of the track." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/View_of_the_Railway_across_Chat_Moss%2C_from_Bury%27s_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway%2C_1831_-_artfinder_267570_full_1024x836.jpg/220px-View_of_the_Railway_across_Chat_Moss%2C_from_Bury%27s_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway%2C_1831_-_artfinder_267570_full_1024x836.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/View_of_the_Railway_across_Chat_Moss%2C_from_Bury%27s_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway%2C_1831_-_artfinder_267570_full_1024x836.jpg/330px-View_of_the_Railway_across_Chat_Moss%2C_from_Bury%27s_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway%2C_1831_-_artfinder_267570_full_1024x836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/View_of_the_Railway_across_Chat_Moss%2C_from_Bury%27s_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway%2C_1831_-_artfinder_267570_full_1024x836.jpg/440px-View_of_the_Railway_across_Chat_Moss%2C_from_Bury%27s_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway%2C_1831_-_artfinder_267570_full_1024x836.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>View of the railway across Chat Moss, 1833</figcaption></figure> <p>Chat Moss presented a significant challenge to the engineers constructing the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a> in 1826 because of the difficulty in providing a solid base for the track, in particular at a location known as Blackpool Hole.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper2005165_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper2005165-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a> was the engineer in charge of the project, and his initial idea was to dump enough spoil in the bog so that it would reach the bottom. This approach turned out to be impractical however, as the liquidity of the bog allowed the spoil to flow away from where the track was to be laid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls19857_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls19857-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eventual solution, to build the line on a "floating" wood and stone foundation, was hailed as a "great triumph of engineering".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper2005165_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper2005165-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first train ran through Chat Moss in 1830, and the line is still in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper2005165_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper2005165-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reclamation">Reclamation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reclamation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DV307_no.52_Train_at_Chatmoss_Nov,1857.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DV307_no.52_Train_at_Chatmoss_Nov%2C1857.png/220px-DV307_no.52_Train_at_Chatmoss_Nov%2C1857.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DV307_no.52_Train_at_Chatmoss_Nov%2C1857.png/330px-DV307_no.52_Train_at_Chatmoss_Nov%2C1857.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DV307_no.52_Train_at_Chatmoss_Nov%2C1857.png/440px-DV307_no.52_Train_at_Chatmoss_Nov%2C1857.png 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>A traveller's sketch of the train at Chat Moss, November 1857</figcaption></figure> <p>The first attempt at <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclaiming</a> Chat Moss took place at the start of the 19th century. In 1793 <a href="/wiki/William_Roscoe" title="William Roscoe">William Roscoe</a> began work on reclaiming the smaller Trafford Moss, now part of <a href="/wiki/Trafford_Park" title="Trafford Park">Trafford Park</a>. By 1798 that work was sufficiently advanced for Roscoe to enter into a lease of part of Chat Moss from the de Trafford family, but no reclamation work was carried out until 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls19855–6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls19855–6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reclamation methods varied somewhat during the 19th century, but three basic operations featured; constructing drains at appropriate intervals; building a system of roads to allow access to the land so that materials such as <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">lime</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a> could be dumped on it, to give it body; and fertilising the land by adding manure, often in the form of the euphemistically named <a href="/wiki/Night_soil" title="Night soil">night soil</a>, collected from neighbouring towns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls19855_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls19855-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IrlamMoss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flat ploughed field under a grey sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/IrlamMoss.jpg/220px-IrlamMoss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/IrlamMoss.jpg/330px-IrlamMoss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/IrlamMoss.jpg/440px-IrlamMoss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Part of Chat Moss known as Irlam Moss, showing the typical landscape of drainage ditches instead of hedges</figcaption></figure> <p>The reclamation of Chat Moss and Trafford Moss was innovative in that instead of constructing roads to give access for the material to be dumped onto the bog, a movable light railway was developed. Narrow gauge track – which allowed the weight of the wagons to be spread evenly across an area of the bog – was temporarily laid down and then picked up and relaid elsewhere as needed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls19856_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls19856-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roscoe was declared bankrupt in 1821, but the reclamation work continued under the stewardship of others who took over his leasehold interest, amongst them William Baines, the anti-<a href="/wiki/Corn_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn Law">Corn Law</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> and owner of the <i><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Mercury" title="Leeds Mercury">Leeds Mercury</a></i> newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls19858_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls19858-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1831 and 1851, the population of nearby Manchester increased by more than 150 per cent, putting considerable pressure on refuse disposal. The problem was exacerbated by a gradual switch from the 1870s onwards from the older cesspit methods of sewage disposal to <a href="/wiki/Pail_closet" title="Pail closet">pail closets</a>, which required regular emptying. By the 1880s, Manchester was producing more than <span class="nowrap">200,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">tons</a> (203,209 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>)</span> of refuse annually, about 75 per cent of that being night soil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls198515_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls198515-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_City_Council" title="Manchester City Council">Manchester Corporation</a> purchased 2,502 acres (1,013 ha)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECleansing_Committee19715_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECleansing_Committee19715-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Chat Moss known as Chat Moss Estate from <a href="/wiki/Sir_Humphrey_de_Trafford,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Humphrey de Trafford, 3rd Baronet">Sir Humphrey de Trafford</a>, with a view to using the moss as a refuse disposal site. The final price paid by the corporation was £137,531 7<a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">s</a> 1<a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">d</a> (equivalent to £18.7 million in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UKGDP_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UKGDP-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls198523_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls198523-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chat_moss_map_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chat_moss_map_1937.jpg/300px-Chat_moss_map_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chat_moss_map_1937.jpg/450px-Chat_moss_map_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chat_moss_map_1937.jpg/600px-Chat_moss_map_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>A 1937 map of Chat Moss</figcaption></figure> <p>Refuse was carried on barges down the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a> as far as Boysnope Wharf, where it was loaded onto a light railway system to be taken into the moss for dumping.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls198534_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls198534-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmers on Chat Moss were legally required by their tenancy agreements to accept a specified amount of refuse on their land, and were even obliged to pay for it. Farmers could themselves undertake reclamation work, with the land reclaimed being incorporated into their tenancies. An agreement dated 1905, between Manchester Corporation and Plant Cottage Farm, shows that the corporation agreed to <span class="nowrap">supply 300 tons (305 t)</span> of refuse per <a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">acre</a> free of charge for the first year, with the tenant being obliged to accept <span class="nowrap">12 tons (12 t)</span> of refuse per acre each year thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls198537_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls198537-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dumping of night soil on Chat Moss ended in 1923, but general refuse continued to be dumped on a diminishing scale until it finally ended in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholls198562_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholls198562-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once drained, stabilised and fertilised, Chat Moss became prime agricultural land, supplying Manchester with salad and other vegetables. The drainage channels, still required today, give the area its distinctive flat landscape broken up by ditches instead of hedges or walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after all of the reclamation work that has taken place, parts of the area remain remote and bleak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper2005169_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper2005169-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A scheme was devised during the Second World War to protect major cities from enemy bombing by lighting decoy fires on nearby open land. Manchester was protected by four of these <a href="/wiki/Starfish_site" title="Starfish site">Starfish sites</a> as they were known, two of them on Chat Moss. <a href="/wiki/RAF_Balloon_Command" title="RAF Balloon Command">RAF Balloon Command</a> was responsible for the administration and manning of the sites, which were fully operational by 23 January 1941. Each consisted of an air raid shelter for the crew along with various devices to simulate street lighting and the explosions of incendiary bombs. The effectiveness of the decoy sites is uncertain, and they were closed in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200314_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200314-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worsley_Man">Worsley Man</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Worsley Man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1958, workmen digging peat in an area of Chat Moss near <a href="/wiki/Worsley" title="Worsley">Worsley</a> discovered a severed head and called the police.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPain200348_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPain200348-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially believed that the head had been in the bog for less than a year, and so a search was conducted for more remains, but nothing was found. After X-rays and chemical tests, it was determined that the head had been in the bog for at least 100 years. An inquest was held into the man's death, at which the coroner returned an open verdict, and the head was put in the care of the Manchester Medical School.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPain200348_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPain200348-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The discovery of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Lindow_Man" title="Lindow Man">Lindow Man</a> in 1984 generated renewed interest in <a href="/wiki/Bog_body" title="Bog body">bog bodies</a>, and in 1987 what had become known as Worsley Man was re-examined. The inspection revealed a wound behind the right ear, fractures to the top of the skull, and a cut through the vertebra where he had been decapitated. The remains of a <a href="/wiki/Garotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Garotte">garotte</a> were also found around his neck, all of which were suggestive of a <a href="/wiki/Celts_and_human_sacrifice" class="mw-redirect" title="Celts and human sacrifice">ritual killing</a> rather than an accidental death, perhaps related to the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_polytheism#Head_hunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic polytheism">Celtic cult of the severed head</a>. The condition of the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(tooth)" title="Pulp (tooth)">tooth pulp</a> suggested that Worsley Man was 26–45 years old at the time of his death, which <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a> of a fragment of preserved soft tissue indicated was during the late <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, sometime around 121 to 251 AD, identifying him as a <a href="/wiki/Romano-British" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-British">Romano-British</a> <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celt</a>. Worsley Man is now in the care of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Museum" title="Manchester Museum">Manchester Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_ecology">Geography and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chat_Moss&params=53_27_46_N_2_25_54_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°27′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°25′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.46278°N 2.43167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.46278; -2.43167</span></span></span></a></span></span> (53.4629, -2.4316), Chat Moss lies at the southern edge of the Lancashire Plain, an area of <a href="/wiki/Bunter_(geology)" title="Bunter (geology)">Bunter sandstones</a> overlaid with <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marls</a> laid down during the <a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late Triassic</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-Birks_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birks-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those rocks are themselves overlaid by a layer of <a href="/wiki/Boulder_clay" title="Boulder clay">boulder clay</a> deposited during the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>, about 10,000 years ago. The combination of the flat topography and the underlying clay resulted in extensive peat bogs developing along the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a> Valley, and overflowing beyond the valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Birks_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birks-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bogs in the area between the <a href="/wiki/Glaze_Brook" title="Glaze Brook">River Glaze</a> in the west, and <a href="/wiki/Worsley" title="Worsley">Worsley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a> in the east, to the north of what was the <a href="/wiki/River_Irwell" title="River Irwell">River Irwell</a> – now the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a> – are known collectively as Chat Moss.<sup id="cite_ref-SalfordBiodiversity_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalfordBiodiversity-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChatMoss3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flat field with two trees in the mid-foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ChatMoss3.jpg/220px-ChatMoss3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ChatMoss3.jpg/330px-ChatMoss3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ChatMoss3.jpg/440px-ChatMoss3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>View across Chat Moss towards the village of <a href="/wiki/Glazebrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Glazebrook">Glazebrook</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chat Moss is a lowland raised bog. In areas where drainage is poor, water-logging can slow down plant decomposition, producing <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a>, which over the years can raise the level of the bog above that of the surrounding land.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosslands_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosslands-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moss occupies an area of about 10.6 square miles (27.5 km<sup>2</sup>), and is about 5 miles (8 km) long, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) across at its widest point, lying 75 feet (23 m) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirks1965273_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirks1965273-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chat Moss lies mainly in <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a>, but extends into <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Wigan</a>. By the 1990s, an estimated 72 per cent of the bog had been reclaimed, most of it for agriculture. About <span class="nowrap">230 acres (93 ha)</span> of degraded bog remain, with <span class="nowrap">766 acres (310 ha)</span> of undamaged peat deposits in four former peat extraction sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosslands_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosslands-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peat varies in depth between 24 feet (7 m) and 30 feet (9 m).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper2005165_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper2005165-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main bog mosses found in the peat of Chat Moss are <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum</i>, <i>S. imbricatum</i>, and <i>S. acutifolia</i>. The peat up to about 7 feet (2 m) from the surface is mainly humidified <i>S. acutifolia</i>, with fresher <i>S. imbricatum</i> peat nearer the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirks1965274_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirks1965274-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 228-acre (92 ha) area of Chat Moss, to the north of the Liverpool–Manchester railway line, notified as Astley & Bedford Mosses, was designated a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater Manchester">Site of Special Scientific Interest</a> in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-SSSI_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astley & Bedford Mosses, along with <a href="/wiki/Risley_Moss" title="Risley Moss">Risley Moss</a> and Holcroft Moss, is also a <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> designated <a href="/wiki/Special_Area_of_Conservation" title="Special Area of Conservation">Special Area of Conservation</a>, known as Manchester Mosses.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major habitats in the moss are bog, heathland, woodland and acidic grassland, subject to varying degrees of wetness depending on the local drainage. The remaining areas of bog are dominated by common cottongrass <i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i> and hare's-tail cottongrass <i>E. vaginatum</i>. Bog mosses are more scarce, but <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum</i>, <i>S. recurvum</i>, <i>S. tenellum</i>, <i>S. fimbriatum</i> and <i>S. subnitens</i> occur in patches. As the peat has become drier, areas have been taken over by purple moor grass <i>Molinia caerulea</i> and by downy birch <i>Betula pubescens</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SSSI_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moss also supports several bird species, and is particularly important for wintering <a href="/wiki/Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">raptors</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Hen_harrier" title="Hen harrier">hen harrier</a> <i>Circus cyaneus cyaneus</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Short-eared_owl" title="Short-eared owl">short-eared owl</a> <i>Asio flammeus</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(bird)" title="Merlin (bird)">merlin</a> <i>Falco columbarius</i>, along with breeding species such as the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_curlew" title="Eurasian curlew">curlew</a> <i>Numenius arquata</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Long-eared_owl" title="Long-eared owl">long-eared owl</a> <i>Asio otus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SSSI_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a large <a href="/wiki/Heronry" title="Heronry">heronry</a> in Botany Bay Wood, the largest area of woodland in Greater Manchester.<sup id="cite_ref-SalfordBiodiversity_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalfordBiodiversity-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The domestic and industrial waste dumped on Chat Moss resulted in very high levels of heavy metals such as lead and copper in the soil, raising concerns that crops grown there may pose a health risk. The high <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of the peaty soil limits the mobility of the metals however, and prevents them being taken up by crops.<sup id="cite_ref-Breward_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breward-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chat Moss makes up the largest area of prime farmland in Greater Manchester,<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but farming on the moss is in decline. In 2003, it was reported that of the 54 farms on the moss, occupying 3,000 acres (1,214 ha), almost half the area of the bog, only three were growing vegetables. Others had turned to arable farming, turf growing or horse livery instead of salad and vegetable crops.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chat Moss also contains the largest block of semi-natural woodland in Greater Manchester.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the area is now <a href="/wiki/Green_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Belt">Green Belt</a>, placing restrictions on the kinds of developments that can take place. There are areas of commercial peat extraction, but Salford City Council is seeking to return at least some back to wet mossland.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planning permission for peat extraction expired at the end of 2010. At a meeting held on 30 June 2011 Salford Council decided not to renew the permission, and on 1 August obtained a court order prohibiting any further extraction pending an appeal by the companies involved. A <a href="/wiki/Public_inquiry" title="Public inquiry">public inquiry</a> concluded in 2012 supported the council's decision, and commercial peat extraction on Chat Moss ceased.<sup id="cite_ref-PublicInquiry_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PublicInquiry-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994 the British composer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maxwell_Davies" title="Peter Maxwell Davies">Peter Maxwell Davies</a>, who was born in <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Salford" title="County Borough of Salford">Salford</a>, wrote a seven-minute <a href="/wiki/Tone_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone poem">tone poem</a> for school orchestra, titled <i>Chat Moss</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chat Moss was also the subject of a ceiling painting produced as the result of a research project jointly funded by the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Arts and Humanities Research Council">Arts and Humanities Research Board</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_England" title="Arts Council England">Arts Council England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Redux_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redux-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was a collaboration between artist Derek Hampson and geographer Gary Priestnall. Hampson chose Chat Moss as their subject because of its 19th-century historical significance as the site of the world's first passenger railway and its "anti-picturesque appearance",<sup id="cite_ref-Priestnall_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Priestnall-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a "nondescript landscape of stumpy trees and expanses of grass".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodgeMcDerbyTurner2008250_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodgeMcDerbyTurner2008250-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 40-square-metre (430 sq ft) artwork, painted on more than 100 ceiling tiles,<sup id="cite_ref-McLaren_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLaren-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was exhibited in November 2004 at the REDUX Gallery in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Redux_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redux-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater Manchester">List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater Manchester</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UKGDP-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UKGDP_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product_deflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product deflator">Gross Domestic Product deflator</a> figures follow the <i>MeasuringWorth</i> "consistent series" supplied in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThomasWilliamson2024" class="citation web cs2">Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/ukgdp/">"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+U.K.+GDP+Then%3F&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Ryland&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Samuel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.measuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukgdp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salford_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salford_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salford_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salford_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salford_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928043525/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/planning/naturalenvironment/landscape/chatmoss.htm">"Chat Moss"</a>, Salford City Council, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salford.gov.uk/living/planning/naturalenvironment/landscape/chatmoss.htm">the original</a> on 28 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chat+Moss&rft.pub=Salford+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salford.gov.uk%2Fliving%2Fplanning%2Fnaturalenvironment%2Flandscape%2Fchatmoss.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirks1965278-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirks1965278_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBirks1965">Birks 1965</a>, p. 278</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SalfordIrlam-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SalfordIrlam_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061126174227/http://www.salford.gov.uk/living/yourcom/salfordlife/aboutsalford/salfordlocalhistory/localhistory-irlcadi.htm">"Irlam & Cadishead – Local History"</a>, Salford City Council, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salford.gov.uk/living/yourcom/salfordlife/aboutsalford/salfordlocalhistory/localhistory-irlcadi.htm">the original</a> on 26 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2007</span></cite><span 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href="http://www.chesternovello.com/Default.aspx?TabId=2432&State_3041=2&workId_3041=8374">"<i>Chat Moss</i>, Peter Maxwell Davies"</a>, Chester-Novello Website<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chat+Moss%2C+Peter+Maxwell+Davies&rft.pub=Chester-Novello+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesternovello.com%2FDefault.aspx%3FTabId%3D2432%26State_3041%3D2%26workId_3041%3D8374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redux-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redux_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redux_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" 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class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gary+Priestnall+Home+Page&rft.pub=University+of+Nottingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nottingham.ac.uk%2F~lgzwww%2Fcontacts%2FstaffPages%2Fgary%2Fresearch%2Fchatmoss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodgeMcDerbyTurner2008250-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodgeMcDerbyTurner2008250_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodgeMcDerbyTurner2008">Dodge, McDerby & Turner (2008)</a>, p. 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaren-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McLaren_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaren2008" class="citation cs2">McLaren, Holly (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-231964">"Book Review: Chat Moss"</a>, <i>Cultural Geographies</i>, <b>15</b> (1): 152, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14744740080150010802">10.1177/14744740080150010802</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162191075">162191075</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Geographies&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+Chat+Moss&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=152&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F14744740080150010802&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162191075%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McLaren&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbn-resolving.de%2Furn%3Anbn%3Ade%3A0168-ssoar-231964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chat_Moss&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirks1965" class="citation cs2">Birks, H. J. B (1965), "Late-glacial deposits at Bagmere, Cheshire, and Chat Moss, Lancashire", <i>New Phytologist</i>, <b>64</b> (2), Blackwell Publishing: 270–281, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1965.tb05396.x">10.1111/j.1469-8137.1965.tb05396.x</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Late-glacial+deposits+at+Bagmere%2C+Cheshire%2C+and+Chat+Moss%2C+Lancashire&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=270-281&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1965.tb05396.x&rft.aulast=Birks&rft.aufirst=H.+J.+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleansing_Committee1971" class="citation cs2">Cleansing Committee (1971), <i>Visit of Members of the Cleansing Committee to the Carrington and Chat Moss Estates on Monday 14th June 1971</i>, Manchester Library, Local Studies, 628.44 Mal: Manchester Corporation Cleansing Department</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visit+of+Members+of+the+Cleansing+Committee+to+the+Carrington+and+Chat+Moss+Estates+on+Monday+14th+June+1971&rft.place=Manchester+Library%2C+Local+Studies%2C+628.44+Mal&rft.pub=Manchester+Corporation+Cleansing+Department&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Cleansing+Committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2005" class="citation cs2">Cooper, Glynis (2005), <i>Salford: An Illustrated History</i>, The Breedon Books Publishing Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85983-455-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85983-455-8"><bdi>978-1-85983-455-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=The+Breedon+Books+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85983-455-8&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Glynis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodgeMcDerbyTurner2008" class="citation cs2">Dodge, Martin; McDerby, Mary; Turner, Martin, eds. (2008), <i>Geographic Visualization: Concepts, Tools and Applications</i>, Wiley-Blackwell, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-51511-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-51511-2"><bdi>978-0-470-51511-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographic+Visualization%3A+Concepts%2C+Tools+and+Applications&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-51511-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1976" class="citation cs2">Mills, David (1976), <i>The Placenames of Lancashire</i>, Batsford, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5236-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5236-5"><bdi>978-0-7134-5236-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Placenames+of+Lancashire&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-5236-5&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholls1985" class="citation cs2">Nicholls, Robert (1985), <i>Manchester's Narrow Gauge Railways: Chat Moss and Carrington Estates</i>, Narrow Gauge Railway Society, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9507169-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9507169-2-3"><bdi>978-0-9507169-2-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manchester%27s+Narrow+Gauge+Railways%3A+Chat+Moss+and+Carrington+Estates&rft.pub=Narrow+Gauge+Railway+Society&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-9507169-2-3&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPain2003" class="citation cs2">Pain, Stephanie (23 September 2003), "The Head from Worsley Moss", <i>New Scientist</i> (2414), <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4079">0262-4079</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=The+Head+from+Worsley+Moss&rft.issue=2414&rft.date=2003-09-23&rft.issn=0262-4079&rft.aulast=Pain&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed1990" class="citation cs2">Reed, Michael (1990), <i>The Landscape of Britain: From the Beginnings to 1914</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-15745-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-15745-2"><bdi>978-0-415-15745-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Landscape+of+Britain%3A+From+the+Beginnings+to+1914&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-415-15745-2&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation cs2">Smith, Peter J. C. (2003), <i>Luftwaffe Over Manchester: The Blitz Years 1940–1944</i>, Neil Richardson, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85216-151-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85216-151-4"><bdi>978-1-85216-151-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luftwaffe+Over+Manchester%3A+The+Blitz+Years+1940%E2%80%931944&rft.pub=Neil+Richardson&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-85216-151-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChat+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester Combined Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Statutory_City_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Manchester Statutory City Region">Greater Manchester Statutory City Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Mayor of Greater Manchester">Mayor of Greater Manchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">City of Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bolton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bolton">Metropolitan Borough of Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bury">Metropolitan Borough of Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Metropolitan Borough of Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Metropolitan Borough of Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside" title="Tameside">Metropolitan Borough of Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Metropolitan Borough of Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Metropolitan Borough of Wigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altrincham" title="Altrincham">Altrincham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashton-in-Makerfield" title="Ashton-in-Makerfield">Ashton-in-Makerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashton-under-Lyne" title="Ashton-under-Lyne">Ashton-under-Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Astley, Greater Manchester">Astley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Atherton, Greater Manchester">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audenshaw" title="Audenshaw">Audenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackrod" title="Blackrod">Blackrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramhall" title="Bramhall">Bramhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredbury" title="Bredbury">Bredbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bury, Greater Manchester">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadderton" title="Chadderton">Chadderton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheadle,_Greater_Manchester" title="Cheadle, Greater Manchester">Cheadle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheadle_Hulme" title="Cheadle Hulme">Cheadle Hulme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorlton-cum-Hardy" title="Chorlton-cum-Hardy">Chorlton-cum-Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didsbury" title="Didsbury">Didsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Denton, Greater Manchester">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droylsden" title="Droylsden">Droylsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukinfield" title="Dukinfield">Dukinfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failsworth" title="Failsworth">Failsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnworth" title="Farnworth">Farnworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golborne" title="Golborne">Golborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hale, Greater Manchester">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Grove" title="Hazel Grove">Hazel Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heywood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Heywood, Greater Manchester">Heywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hindley, Greater Manchester">Hindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horwich" title="Horwich">Horwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hyde, Greater Manchester">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ince-in-Makerfield" title="Ince-in-Makerfield">Ince-in-Makerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irlam" title="Irlam">Irlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearsley" title="Kearsley">Kearsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh,_Greater_Manchester" title="Leigh, Greater Manchester">Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleborough,_Greater_Manchester" title="Littleborough, Greater Manchester">Littleborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Lever" title="Little Lever">Little Lever</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marple,_Greater_Manchester" title="Marple, Greater Manchester">Marple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Middleton, Greater Manchester">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnrow" title="Milnrow">Milnrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossley" title="Mossley">Mossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham" title="Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrell,_Greater_Manchester" title="Orrell, Greater Manchester">Orrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partington" title="Partington">Partington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestwich" title="Prestwich">Prestwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe,_Greater_Manchester" title="Radcliffe, Greater Manchester">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsbottom" title="Ramsbottom">Ramsbottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddish" title="Reddish">Reddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romiley" title="Romiley">Romiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royton" title="Royton">Royton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Sale, Greater Manchester">Sale</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salford" title="Salford">Salford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_and_Crompton" title="Shaw and Crompton">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalybridge" title="Stalybridge">Stalybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standish,_Greater_Manchester" title="Standish, Greater Manchester">Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Swinton, Greater Manchester">Swinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottington,_Greater_Manchester" title="Tottington, Greater Manchester">Tottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyldesley" title="Tyldesley">Tyldesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmston" title="Urmston">Urmston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkden" title="Walkden">Walkden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhoughton" title="Westhoughton">Westhoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefield,_Greater_Manchester" title="Whitefield, Greater Manchester">Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worsley" title="Worsley">Worsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wythenshawe" title="Wythenshawe">Wythenshawe</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester">List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Beal" title="River Beal">Beal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bollin" title="River Bollin">Bollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Croal" title="River Croal">Croal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Douglas,_Lancashire" title="River Douglas, Lancashire">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Etherow" title="River Etherow">Etherow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Goyt" title="River Goyt">Goyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Irk" title="River Irk">Irk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Irwell" title="River Irwell">Irwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Medlock" title="River Medlock">Medlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Roch" title="River Roch">Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Spodden" title="River Spodden">Spodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_Greater_Manchester" title="River Tame, Greater Manchester">Tame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tib" title="River Tib">Tib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tonge" title="River Tonge">Tonge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Canal" title="Bridgewater Canal">Bridgewater Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher%27s_Canal" title="Fletcher's Canal">Fletcher's Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulme_Locks_Branch_Canal" title="Hulme Locks Branch Canal">Hulme Locks Branch Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Branch_Canal" title="Islington Branch Canal">Islington Branch Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Salford_Junction_Canal" title="Manchester and Salford Junction Canal">Manchester and Salford Junction Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" title="Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" title="Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Salford_Junction_Canal" title="Manchester and Salford Junction Canal">Manchester and Salford Junction Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_and_Irwell_Navigation" title="Mersey and Irwell Navigation">Mersey and Irwell Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Forest_Canal" title="Peak Forest Canal">Peak Forest Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Branch_Canal" title="Stockport Branch Canal">Stockport Branch Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester">Parliamentary constituencies and Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Crime in Greater Manchester">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling in Manchester">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Demographics of Greater Manchester">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Greater_Manchester" title="List of people from Greater Manchester">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of public art in Greater Manchester">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of schools in Greater Manchester">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Geography of Greater Manchester">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_County_Council" title="Greater Manchester County Council">Greater Manchester County Council</a> (1974–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places in Greater Manchester">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greater_Manchester_settlements_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greater Manchester settlements by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of castles in Greater Manchester">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of churches in Greater Manchester">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Flag of Greater Manchester">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of football clubs in Greater Manchester">Football clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of mills in Greater Manchester">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Scheduled monuments in Greater Manchester">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater Manchester">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Greater Manchester">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Lord Lieutenant of Greater Manchester">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_Manchester" title="High Sheriff of Greater Manchester">High Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of museums in Greater Manchester">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places of interest in Greater Manchester">Places of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Manchester" title="Transport in Manchester">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Greater_Manchester" title="Transport for Greater Manchester">Transport for Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink" title="Manchester Metrolink">Manchester Metrolink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bog_bodies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bog_body" title="Template:Bog body"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bog_body" title="Template talk:Bog body"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bog_body" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bog body"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bog_bodies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bog_body" title="Bog body">Bog bodies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bog bodies<br />(approx. deathdates)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koelbjerg_Man" title="Koelbjerg Man">Koelbjerg Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 8000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luttra_Woman" title="Luttra Woman">Luttra Woman</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3920–3650 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneyisland_Man" title="Stoneyisland Man">Stoneyisland Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3320–3220 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashel_Man" title="Cashel Man">Cashel Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borremose_bodies" title="Borremose bodies">Borremose bodies</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 770 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_of_the_Uchter_Moor" title="Girl of the Uchter Moor">Girl of the Uchter Moor</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 764–515 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraldsk%C3%A6r_Woman" title="Haraldskær Woman">Haraldskær Woman</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 490 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagh_Man" title="Gallagh Man">Gallagh Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 470–120 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayhausen_Boy" title="Kayhausen Boy">Kayhausen Boy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 400–300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollund_Man" title="Tollund Man">Tollund Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 4th c. BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonycavan_Man" title="Clonycavan Man">Clonycavan Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 392–201 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Croghan_Man" title="Old Croghan Man">Old Croghan Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 362–175 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elling_Woman" title="Elling Woman">Elling Woman</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 350–150 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damendorf_Man" title="Damendorf Man">Damendorf Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grauballe_Man" title="Grauballe Man">Grauballe Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3rd c. BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindow_Man" title="Lindow Man">Lindow Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 200 BC–119 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindow_Woman" title="Lindow Woman">Lindow Woman</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 200 BC–119 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weerdinge_Men" title="Weerdinge Men">Weerdinge Men</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 160 BC–220 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldremose_Woman" title="Huldremose Woman">Huldremose Woman</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 160 BC–340 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yde_Girl" title="Yde Girl">Yde Girl</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 54 BC–128 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windeby_I" title="Windeby I">Windeby I</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 41 BC–118 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterby_Man" title="Osterby Man">Osterby Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 70–220 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amcotts_Moor_Woman" title="Amcotts Moor Woman">Amcotts Moor Woman</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 200–400 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocksten_Man" title="Bocksten Man">Bocksten Man</a> (14th c. AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnister_Man" title="Gunnister Man">Gunnister Man</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 18th c. AD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cladh_Hallan" title="Cladh Hallan">Cladh Hallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittmoor_bog_trackway" title="Wittmoor bog trackway">Wittmoor bog trackway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorsberg_moor" title="Thorsberg moor">Thorsberg moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nydam_Mose" title="Nydam Mose">Nydam Mose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourtange_moor" title="Bourtange moor">Bourtange moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falbygden" title="Falbygden">Falbygden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windover_archaeological_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Windover archaeological site">Windover archaeological site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Salt_Spring" title="Little Salt Spring">Little Salt Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindow_Moss" title="Lindow Moss">Lindow Moss</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chat Moss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bog_bodies" title="List of bog bodies">List of bog bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bogs" title="List of bogs">List of bogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog_butter" title="Bog butter">Bog butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetland_deposits_in_Scandinavia" title="Wetland deposits in Scandinavia">Wetland deposits in Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron" title="Gundestrup cauldron">Gundestrup cauldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralaghan_Idol" title="Ralaghan Idol">Ralaghan Idol</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bog_People" title="The Bog People">The Bog People</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Glob" title="Peter Glob">Peter Glob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_sacrifice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual sacrifice">Ritual sacrifice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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