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<span>Synopsis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synopsis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_and_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_and_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Date and text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_and_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Analysis and criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Analysis and criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Setting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes_and_motifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes_and_motifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Themes and motifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes_and_motifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gender_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Gender roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infidelity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infidelity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Infidelity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infidelity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Deception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masks_and_mistaken_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masks_and_mistaken_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4</span> <span>Masks and mistaken identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masks_and_mistaken_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5</span> <span>Nothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actors,_theatres,_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors,_theatres,_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Actors, theatres, and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors,_theatres,_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_and_web_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_web_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Television and web series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_web_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Young_adult_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Young_adult_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Young adult fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Young_adult_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Much Ado About Nothing</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B9%D8%AC%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B7%D8%AD%D9%86" title="جعجعة بلا طحن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جعجعة بلا طحن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="মাচ অ্যাডু অ্যাবাউট নাথিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাচ অ্যাডু অ্যাবাউট নাথিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%BE" title="Много шум за нищо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Много шум за нищо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molt_soroll_per_no_res" title="Molt soroll per no res – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Molt soroll per no res" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnoho_povyku_pro_nic" title="Mnoho povyku pro nic – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mnoho povyku pro nic" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Much Ado About Nothing" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viel_L%C3%A4rm_um_nichts" title="Viel Lärm um nichts – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Viel Lärm um nichts" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8D_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πολύ κακό για το τίποτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολύ κακό για το τίποτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucho_ruido_y_pocas_nueces" title="Mucho ruido y pocas nueces – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mucho ruido y pocas nueces" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86" title="هیاهوی بسیار برای هیچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیاهوی بسیار برای هیچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaucoup_de_bruit_pour_rien" title="Beaucoup de bruit pour rien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Beaucoup de bruit pour rien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folle_Spul_om_Neat" title="Folle Spul om Neat – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Folle Spul om Neat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%9B%EC%86%8C%EB%8F%99" title="헛소동 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헛소동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnogo_vike_ni_za_%C5%A1to" title="Mnogo vike ni za što – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mnogo vike ni za što" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Much Ado About Nothing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molto_rumore_per_nulla" title="Molto rumore per nulla – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Molto rumore per nulla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%90_%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8" title="מהומה רבה על לא דבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהומה רבה על לא דבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D" title="აურზაური არაფრის გამო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აურზაური არაფრის გამო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BF_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Жай нәрседен көп айқай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жай нәрседен көп айқай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Much Ado About Nothing" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sok_h%C5%B1h%C3%B3_semmi%C3%A9rt_(sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1)" title="Sok hűhó semmiért (színmű) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sok hűhó semmiért (színmű)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Од влакно ортома – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Од влакно ортома" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Much Ado About Nothing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veel_drukte_om_niets" title="Veel drukte om niets – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veel drukte om niets" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%A8%92%E3%81%8E" title="空騒ぎ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="空騒ぎ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stor_st%C3%A5hei_for_ingenting" title="Stor ståhei for ingenting – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stor ståhei for ingenting" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Much Ado About Nothing" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiele_ha%C5%82asu_o_nic" title="Wiele hałasu o nic – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiele hałasu o nic" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muito_Barulho_por_Nada" title="Muito Barulho por Nada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Muito Barulho por Nada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mult_zgomot_pentru_nimic" title="Mult zgomot pentru nimic – Romanian" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comedy play by William Shakespeare</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Much Ado About Nothing (disambiguation)">Much Ado About Nothing (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic">Much Ado About Nothing</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Much_Ado_Quarto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Much_Ado_Quarto.JPG/220px-Much_Ado_Quarto.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Much_Ado_Quarto.JPG/330px-Much_Ado_Quarto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Much_Ado_Quarto.JPG/440px-Much_Ado_Quarto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1278" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The title page from the first quarto edition of <i>Much Adoe About Nothing</i>, printed in 1600</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data description"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Characters</th><td class="infobox-data">Antonio<br />Balthasar<br /><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Beatrice (Much Ado About Nothing)">Beatrice</a><br />Benedick<br />Borachio<br />Claudio<br />Conrade<br /><a href="/wiki/Dogberry" title="Dogberry">Dogberry</a><br />Don John<br /><a href="/wiki/Don_Pedro_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Don Pedro (Much Ado About Nothing)">Don Pedro</a><br />Friar Frances<br /><a href="/wiki/Hero_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Hero (Much Ado About Nothing)">Hero</a><br />Innogen<br />Leonato<br />Margaret<br />Ursula<br />Verges</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Date premiered</th><td class="infobox-data">1600</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Setting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, Italy</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JG-Benedick-1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/JG-Benedick-1959.jpg/220px-JG-Benedick-1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/JG-Benedick-1959.jpg/330px-JG-Benedick-1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/JG-Benedick-1959.jpg/440px-JG-Benedick-1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> as Benedick in a 1959 production</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Much Ado About Nothing</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">comedy</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> thought to have been written in 1598 and 1599.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was included in the <i><a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a></i>, published in 1623. </p><p>The play is set in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a> and revolves around two romantic pairings that emerge when a group of soldiers arrive in the town. The first, between Claudio and <a href="/wiki/Hero_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Hero (Much Ado About Nothing)">Hero</a>, is nearly scuppered by the accusations of the villain, Don John. The second, between Claudio's friend Benedick and Hero's cousin <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Beatrice (Much Ado About Nothing)">Beatrice</a>, takes centre stage as the play continues, with both characters' wit and banter providing much of the humour. </p><p>Through "noting" (sounding like "nothing" and meaning gossip, rumour, overhearing),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benedick and Beatrice are tricked into confessing their love for each other, and Claudio is tricked into believing that Hero is not a maiden (virgin). The title's play on words references the secrets and trickery that form the backbone of the play's comedy, intrigue, and action. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Benedick, <i>a lord and soldier from <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>; companion of Don Pedro</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Beatrice (Much Ado About Nothing)">Beatrice</a>, <i>niece of Leonato</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Pedro_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Don Pedro (Much Ado About Nothing)">Don Pedro</a>, <i>Prince of <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></i></li> <li>Don John, <i>"the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bastard" class="extiw" title="wikt:bastard">Bastard</a> Prince", brother of Don Pedro</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudio_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudio (Much Ado About Nothing) (page does not exist)">Claudio</a>, <i>of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>; a count, companion of Don Pedro, friend to Benedick</i></li> <li>Leonato, <i>governor of <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>; Hero's father</i></li> <li>Antonio, <i>brother of Leonato</i></li> <li>Balthasar, <i>attendant on Don Pedro, a singer</i></li> <li>Borachio, <i>follower of Don John</i></li> <li>Conrade, <i>follower of Don John</i></li> <li>Innogen, <i>a '<a href="/wiki/Ghost_character" title="Ghost character">ghost character</a>' in early editions as Leonato's wife</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Hero (Much Ado About Nothing)">Hero</a>, <i>daughter of Leonato</i></li> <li>Margaret, <i>waiting-gentlewoman attendant on Hero</i></li> <li>Ursula, <i>waiting-gentlewoman attendant on Hero</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogberry" title="Dogberry">Dogberry</a>, <i>the constable in charge of Messina's night watch</i></li> <li>Verges, <i>the Headborough, Dogberry's partner</i></li> <li>Friar Francis, <i>a priest</i></li> <li>a Sexton, <i>the judge of the trial of Borachio</i></li> <li>a Boy, <i>serving Benedick</i></li> <li>The Watch, <i>watchmen of Messina</i></li> <li>Attendants and Messengers</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shakespeare%27s_Heroines_-_Beatrice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Shakespeare%27s_Heroines_-_Beatrice.jpg/220px-Shakespeare%27s_Heroines_-_Beatrice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Shakespeare%27s_Heroines_-_Beatrice.jpg/330px-Shakespeare%27s_Heroines_-_Beatrice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Shakespeare%27s_Heroines_-_Beatrice.jpg/440px-Shakespeare%27s_Heroines_-_Beatrice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A painting of Beatrice by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Dicksee" title="Frank Dicksee">Frank Dicksee</a>, from <i>The Graphic Gallery of Shakespeare's Heroines</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, a messenger brings news that <a href="/wiki/Don_Pedro_(Shakespeare_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Pedro (Shakespeare character)">Don Pedro</a> will return that night from a successful battle, along with Claudio and Benedick. Beatrice asks the messenger about Benedick and mocks Benedick's ineptitude as a soldier. Leonato explains, "There is a kind of merry war betwixt Signor Benedick and her."<sup id="cite_ref-shakespeare-navigators.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shakespeare-navigators.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the soldiers' arrival, Don Pedro tells Leonato that they will stay a month at least, and Benedick and Beatrice resume their "merry war". Pedro's illegitimate brother, Don John, is also introduced. Claudio's feelings for Hero are rekindled, and he informs Benedick of his intention to court her. Benedick, who openly despises marriage, tries to dissuade him. Don Pedro encourages the marriage. Benedick swears that he will never marry. Don Pedro laughs at him and tells him he will when he finds the right person. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Masquerade_ball" title="Masquerade ball">masquerade ball</a> is planned. Therein a disguised Don Pedro <a href="/wiki/Courtship" title="Courtship">woos</a> Hero on Claudio's behalf. Don John uses this situation to sow chaos by telling Claudio that Don Pedro is wooing Hero for himself. Claudio rails against the entrapments of beauty. But the misunderstanding is later resolved, and Claudio is promised Hero's hand in marriage. </p><p>Meanwhile, Benedick and Beatrice have danced together, trading disparaging remarks under the cover of their masks. Benedick is stung at hearing himself described as "the prince's jester, a very dull fool",<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and yearns to be spared the company of "Lady Tongue".<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Don Pedro and his men, bored at the prospect of waiting a week for the wedding, concoct a plan to match-make between Benedick and Beatrice. They arrange for Benedick to overhear a conversation in which they declare that Beatrice is madly in love with him but too afraid to tell him. Hero and Ursula likewise ensure that Beatrice overhears a conversation in which they discuss Benedick's undying love for her. Both Benedick and Beatrice are delighted to think that they are the object of <a href="/wiki/Unrequited_love" title="Unrequited love">unrequited love</a>, and both resolve to mend their faults and declare their love. </p><p>Meanwhile, Don John plots to stop the wedding, embarrass his brother, and wreak misery on Leonato and Claudio. He tells Don Pedro and Claudio that Hero is "disloyal",<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and arranges for them to see his associate, Borachio, enter her bedchamber and engage amorously with her (it is actually Hero's chambermaid). Claudio and Don Pedro are duped, and Claudio vows to humiliate Hero publicly. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg/220px-Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg/330px-Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg/440px-Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Swooning of Hero in the Church scene by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Elmore" title="Alfred Elmore">Alfred Elmore</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The next day, at the wedding, Claudio denounces Hero before the stunned guests and storms off with Don Pedro. Hero faints. A humiliated Leonato expresses his wish for her to die. The presiding friar intervenes, believing Hero innocent. He suggests that the family fake Hero's death to fill Claudio with remorse. Prompted by the stressful events, Benedick and Beatrice confess their love for each other. Beatrice then asks Benedick to kill Claudio as proof of his devotion. Benedick hesitates but is swayed. Leonato and Antonio blame Claudio for Hero's supposed death and threaten him, to little effect. Benedick arrives and challenges him to a duel. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Much_Ado_About_Nothing%27,_Act_IV,_Scene_2,_the_Examination_of_Conrade_and_Borachio_(from_the_Boydell_series)_Robert_Smirke_(1753%E2%80%931845)_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%27Much_Ado_About_Nothing%27%2C_Act_IV%2C_Scene_2%2C_the_Examination_of_Conrade_and_Borachio_%28from_the_Boydell_series%29_Robert_Smirke_%281753%E2%80%931845%29_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%27Much_Ado_About_Nothing%27%2C_Act_IV%2C_Scene_2%2C_the_Examination_of_Conrade_and_Borachio_%28from_the_Boydell_series%29_Robert_Smirke_%281753%E2%80%931845%29_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%27Much_Ado_About_Nothing%27%2C_Act_IV%2C_Scene_2%2C_the_Examination_of_Conrade_and_Borachio_%28from_the_Boydell_series%29_Robert_Smirke_%281753%E2%80%931845%29_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><i>"Much Ado About Nothing", Act IV, Scene 2, the Examination of Conrade and Borachio (from the Boydell series)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(painter)" title="Robert Smirke (painter)">Robert Smirke</a> (n.d.)</figcaption></figure><p>On the night of Don John's treachery, the local Watch overheard Borachio and Conrade discussing their "treason"<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "most dangerous piece of lechery that ever was known in the commonwealth",<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and arrested them therefore. Despite their ineptitude (headed by constable <a href="/wiki/Dogberry" title="Dogberry">Dogberry</a>), they obtain a confession and inform Leonato of Hero's innocence. Don John has fled, but a force is sent to capture him. Remorseful and thinking Hero dead, Claudio agrees to her father's demand that he marry Antonio's daughter, "almost the copy of my child that's dead".<sup id="cite_ref-shakespeare-navigators.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shakespeare-navigators.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Claudio swears to marry this other bride, she is revealed to be Hero. Claudio is overjoyed. Beatrice and Benedick publicly confess their love for each other. Don Pedro taunts "Benedick the married man",<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Benedick counters that he finds the Prince sad, advising him: "Get thee a wife".<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the play draws to a close, a messenger arrives with news of Don John's capture, but Benedick proposes to postpone deciding Don John's punishment until tomorrow so that the couples can enjoy their newfound happiness. The couples dance and celebrate as the play ends. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hero,_Much_Ado_About_Nothing,_John_William_Wright.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Hero%2C_Much_Ado_About_Nothing%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg/220px-Hero%2C_Much_Ado_About_Nothing%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Hero%2C_Much_Ado_About_Nothing%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg/330px-Hero%2C_Much_Ado_About_Nothing%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Hero%2C_Much_Ado_About_Nothing%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg/440px-Hero%2C_Much_Ado_About_Nothing%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1747" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption><i>Hero</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_William_Wright" title="John William Wright">John William Wright</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1849</span>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shakespeare's immediate source may have been one of <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Bandello" title="Matteo Bandello">Matteo Bandello</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>'s <i>Novelle</i> ("Tales"), possibly the translation into French by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Belleforest" title="François de Belleforest">François de Belleforest</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RasmussenShakespeare2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RasmussenShakespeare2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which dealt with the tribulations of Sir Timbreo and his betrothed Fenicia Lionata, in Messina, after <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III of Aragon</a>'s defeat of <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another version, featuring lovers Ariodante and Ginevra, with the servant Dalinda impersonating Ginevra on the balcony, appears in Book V <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Ariosto" title="Ludovico Ariosto">Ludovico Ariosto</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Furioso" title="Orlando Furioso">Orlando Furioso</a></i> (published in an English translation in 1591).<sup id="cite_ref-Shakespeare1997_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shakespeare1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The character of Benedick has a counterpart in a commentary on marriage in <i>Orlando Furioso</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HoenselaarsMarrapodi1998_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoenselaarsMarrapodi1998-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the witty wooing of Beatrice and Benedick is apparently original and very unusual in style and syncopation.<sup id="cite_ref-RasmussenShakespeare2007_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RasmussenShakespeare2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a> tells one version of the Claudio–Hero plot in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" title="The Faerie Queene">The Faerie Queene</a></i> (Book II, Canto iv).<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison1968_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison1968-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date_and_text">Date and text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Date and text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the earliest printed text, <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> was "sundry times publicly acted" before 1600. The play likely debuted in the autumn or winter of 1598–99.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest recorded performances are two at Court in the winter of 1612–13, during festivities preceding the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Elizabeth_and_Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate" title="Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate">Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate</a> (14 February 1613).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1600, the stationers <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wise" title="Andrew Wise">Andrew Wise</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Aspley" title="William Aspley">William Aspley</a> published the play in <a href="/wiki/Book_size" title="Book size">quarto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the only edition prior to the <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> in 1623.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_criticism">Analysis and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Analysis and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style">Style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The play is predominantly written in prose.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The substantial verse sections achieve a sense of decorum.<sup id="cite_ref-arden_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arden-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting">Setting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> is set in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, a port city on the island of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, when Sicily is <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sicily#Spanish_period" title="History of Sicily">ruled by Aragon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its action takes place mainly at the home and grounds of Leonato's Estate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes_and_motifs">Themes and motifs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Themes and motifs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gender_roles">Gender roles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gender roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kill_Claudio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kill_Claudio.jpg/220px-Kill_Claudio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kill_Claudio.jpg/330px-Kill_Claudio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kill_Claudio.jpg/440px-Kill_Claudio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree" title="Herbert Beerbohm Tree">Herbert Beerbohm Tree</a> as Benedick and <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Emery" title="Winifred Emery">Winifred Emery</a> as Beatrice in a 1905 production. Act IV, Scene I: "Kill Claudio".</figcaption></figure> <p>Benedick and Beatrice quickly became the main interest of the play. They are considered the leading roles even though their relationship is given equal or lesser weight in the script than Claudio's and Hero's situation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> wrote, 'Benedick and Beatrice' beside the title of the play in his copy of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Folio" title="Second Folio">Second Folio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provocative treatment of gender is central and should be considered in its <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> context.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was reflected and emphasized in certain plays of the period but was also challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-McEachern_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McEachern-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amussen<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notes that the undoing of traditional gender clichés seems to have inflamed anxieties about the erosion of social order. It seems that comic drama could be a means of calming such anxieties.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ironically, the play's popularity suggests that this only increased interest in such behavior.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Benedick wittily gives voice to male anxieties about women's "sharp tongues and proneness to sexual lightness".<sup id="cite_ref-McEachern_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McEachern-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the play's patriarchal society, the men's loyalties are governed by conventional codes of honour, camaraderie, and a sense of superiority over women.<sup id="cite_ref-McEachern_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McEachern-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assumptions that women are by nature prone to inconstancy are shown in the repeated jokes about <a href="/wiki/Cuckold" title="Cuckold">cuckoldry</a>, and partly explain Claudio's readiness to believe the slander against Hero.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This stereotype is turned on its head in Balthasar's song "Sigh No More", which presents men as the deceitful and inconstant sex that women must abide.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infidelity">Infidelity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Infidelity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several characters seem obsessed with the idea that a man cannot know whether his wife is faithful and that women can take full advantage of this.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Don John plays upon Claudio's pride and fear of cuckoldry, leading to the disastrous first wedding. Many of the men readily believe that Hero is impure; even her father condemns her with very little evidence. This motif runs through the play, often referring to horns (a symbol of cuckoldry). </p><p>In contrast, Balthasar's song "Sigh No More" tells women to accept men's infidelity and continue to live joyfully. Some interpretations say that Balthasar sings poorly, undercutting the message.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is supported by Benedick's cynical comments about the song, comparing it to a howling dog. In <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(1993_film)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)">1993 film</a>, Balthasar sings it beautifully: it is given a prominent role in the opening and finale, and the women seem to embrace its message.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deception">Deception</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beatrice,_Hero_and_Ursula,_John_Jones,_after_Henry_Fuseli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Beatrice%2C_Hero_and_Ursula%2C_John_Jones%2C_after_Henry_Fuseli.jpg/220px-Beatrice%2C_Hero_and_Ursula%2C_John_Jones%2C_after_Henry_Fuseli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Beatrice%2C_Hero_and_Ursula%2C_John_Jones%2C_after_Henry_Fuseli.jpg/330px-Beatrice%2C_Hero_and_Ursula%2C_John_Jones%2C_after_Henry_Fuseli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Beatrice%2C_Hero_and_Ursula%2C_John_Jones%2C_after_Henry_Fuseli.jpg/440px-Beatrice%2C_Hero_and_Ursula%2C_John_Jones%2C_after_Henry_Fuseli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Beatrice, Hero and Ursula</i>, John Jones, after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuseli" title="Henry Fuseli">Henry Fuseli</a> (c. 1771)</figcaption></figure> <p>The play has many examples of deception and self-deception. The games and tricks played on people often have the best intentions: to make people fall in love, to help someone get what they want, or to lead someone to realize their mistake. But not all are well-meant: Don John convinces Claudio that Don Pedro wants Hero for himself, and Borachio meets 'Hero' (actually Margaret) in Hero's bedroom window. These modes of deceit play into a complementary theme of emotional manipulation, the ease with which the characters' sentiments are redirected and their propensities exploited as a means to an end.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The characters' feelings for each other are played as vehicles to reach the goal of engagement rather than as an end in themselves.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Masks_and_mistaken_identity">Masks and mistaken identity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Masks and mistaken identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Characters are constantly pretending to be others or mistaken for others. Margaret is mistaken for Hero, leading to Hero's disgrace. During a masked ball (in which everyone must wear a mask), Beatrice rants about Benedick to a masked man who is actually Benedick, but she acts unaware of this. During the same celebration, Don Pedro pretends to be Claudio and courts Hero for him. After Hero is proclaimed dead, Leonato orders Claudio to marry his 'niece', who is actually Hero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nothing">Nothing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beatrice_overhears_Hero_and_Ursula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Beatrice_overhears_Hero_and_Ursula.jpg/220px-Beatrice_overhears_Hero_and_Ursula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Beatrice_overhears_Hero_and_Ursula.jpg/330px-Beatrice_overhears_Hero_and_Ursula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Beatrice_overhears_Hero_and_Ursula.jpg/440px-Beatrice_overhears_Hero_and_Ursula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A watercolor by <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sutcliffe_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sutcliffe (artist) (page does not exist)">John Sutcliffe</a>: Beatrice overhears Hero and Ursula.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another motif is the play on the words <i>nothing</i> and <i>noting</i>. These were near-<a href="/wiki/Homophone" title="Homophone">homophones</a> in Shakespeare's day.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taken literally, the title implies that a great fuss ('much ado') is made of something insignificant ('nothing'), such as the unfounded claims of Hero's infidelity and that Benedick and Beatrice are in love with each other. <i>Nothing</i> is also a <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendre</a>: 'an O-thing' (or 'n othing' or 'no thing') was Elizabethan slang for "<a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>", derived from women having 'nothing' between their legs.<sup id="cite_ref-RasmussenShakespeare2007_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RasmussenShakespeare2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title can also be understood as <i>Much Ado About Noting</i>: much of the action centres on interest in others and critique of others, written messages, spying, and eavesdropping. This attention is mentioned several times directly, particularly concerning 'seeming', 'fashion', and outward impressions. </p><p>Examples of noting as noticing occur in the following instances: (1.1.131–132) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Claudio:</b> Benedick, didst thou note the daughter of Signor Leonato?<br /> <b>Benedick:</b> I noted her not, but I looked on her.</p></blockquote> <p>and (4.1.154–157). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Friar:</b> Hear me a little,<br /> </p><p>For I have only been silent so long<br /> And given way unto this course of fortune<br /> </p><p> By noting of the lady.</p></blockquote> <p>At (3.3.102–104), Borachio indicates that a man's clothing doesn't reveal his character: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Borachio:</b> Thou knowest that the fashion of a doublet, or a hat, or a cloak is nothing to a man.</p></blockquote> <p>A triple play on words in which noting signifies noticing, musical notes, and nothing, occurs at (2.3.47–52): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Don Pedro:</b> Nay pray thee, come;<br /> </p><p>Or if thou wilt hold longer argument,<br /> Do it in notes.<br /> <b>Balthasar:</b> Note this before my notes:<br /> There's not a note of mine that's worth the noting.<br /> <b>Don Pedro:</b> Why, these are very crotchets that he speaks –<br /> </p><p> Note notes, forsooth, and nothing!</p></blockquote> <p>Don Pedro's last line can be understood to mean 'Pay attention to your music and nothing else!' The complex layers of meaning include a pun on 'crotchets', which can mean both '<a href="/wiki/Quarter_note" title="Quarter note">quarter notes</a>' (in music) and whimsical notions. </p><p>The following are puns on notes as messages: (2.1.174–176), </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Claudio:</b> I pray you leave me.<br /> <b>Benedick:</b> Ho, now you strike like the blind man – 'twas the boy that stole your meat, and you'll beat the post.</p></blockquote> <p>in which Benedick plays on the word <i>post</i> as a pole and as mail delivery in a joke reminiscent of Shakespeare's earlier advice '<a href="/wiki/Shooting_the_messenger" title="Shooting the messenger">Don't shoot the messenger</a>'; and (2.3.138–142) </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Claudio:</b> Now you talk of a sheet of paper, I remember a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pretty" class="extiw" title="wikt:pretty">pretty</a> jest your daughter told us of.<br /> <b>Leonato:</b> O, when she had writ it and was reading it over, she found Benedick and Beatrice between the sheet?</p></blockquote> <p>in which Leonato makes a sexual innuendo, concerning <i>sheet</i> as a sheet of paper (on which Beatrice's love note to Benedick is to have been written), and a bedsheet. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Davenant" title="William Davenant">William Davenant</a> staged <i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_Against_Lovers" title="The Law Against Lovers">The Law Against Lovers</a></i> (1662), which inserted Beatrice and Benedick into an adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another adaptation, <i>The Universal Passion</i>, combined <i>Much Ado</i> with a play by <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> (1737).<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Rich_(producer)" title="John Rich (producer)">John Rich</a> had revived Shakespeare's text at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn_Fields" title="Lincoln's Inn Fields">Lincoln's Inn Fields</a> (1721).<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a> first played Benedick in 1748 and continued to play him until 1776.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1836, <a href="/wiki/Helena_Faucit" title="Helena Faucit">Helena Faucit</a> played Beatrice at the very beginning of her career at <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a>, opposite <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kemble" title="Charles Kemble">Charles Kemble</a> as Benedick in his farewell performances.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The great 19th-century stage team <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a> counted Benedick and Beatrice as their greatest triumph.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> made Benedick one of his signature roles between 1931 and 1959, playing opposite <a href="/wiki/Diana_Wynyard" title="Diana Wynyard">Diana Wynyard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leighton" title="Margaret Leighton">Margaret Leighton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest-running Broadway production is <a href="/wiki/A._J._Antoon" title="A. J. Antoon">A. J. Antoon</a>'s 1972 staging, starring <a href="/wiki/Sam_Waterston" title="Sam Waterston">Sam Waterston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Widdoes" title="Kathleen Widdoes">Kathleen Widdoes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barnard_Hughes" title="Barnard Hughes">Barnard Hughes</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> won a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for playing Benedick in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacobi had also played Benedick in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a>'s highly praised 1982 production, with <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_Cusack" title="Sinéad Cusack">Sinéad Cusack</a> playing Beatrice.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Director <a href="/wiki/Terry_Hands" title="Terry Hands">Terry Hands</a> produced the play on a stage-length mirror against an unchanging backdrop of painted trees.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (then in their seventies and eighties, respectively) played Beatrice and Benedick onstage at <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">The Old Vic</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actors,_theatres,_and_awards"><span id="Actors.2C_theatres.2C_and_awards"></span>Actors, theatres, and awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Actors, theatres, and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_and_Terry_as_Benedick_and_Beatrice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Irving_and_Terry_as_Benedick_and_Beatrice.jpg/220px-Irving_and_Terry_as_Benedick_and_Beatrice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Irving_and_Terry_as_Benedick_and_Beatrice.jpg/330px-Irving_and_Terry_as_Benedick_and_Beatrice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Irving_and_Terry_as_Benedick_and_Beatrice.jpg/440px-Irving_and_Terry_as_Benedick_and_Beatrice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Print of <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a> as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a> as Benedick in an 1887 performance of the play</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1598</span>: In the original production by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Men" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Kempe" title="William Kempe">William Kempe</a> played Dogberry and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cowley" title="Richard Cowley">Richard Cowley</a> played Verges.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1613: <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Elizabeth_and_Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate" title="Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate">Wedding festivities of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1748: <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a> played Benedick for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1836: <a href="/wiki/Helena_Faucit" title="Helena Faucit">Helena Faucit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kemble" title="Charles Kemble">Charles Kemble</a> as Beatrice and Benedick, <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1882: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a> played Benedick and Beatrice at the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_London" title="Lyceum Theatre, London">Lyceum Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud,_roles_and_awards" title="John Gielgud, roles and awards">John Gielgud</a> played Benedick for the first time at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Vic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic">Old Vic</a> Theatre, and it stayed in his repertory until 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1960: A <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Performance_by_a_Leading_Actress_in_a_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play">Tony Award Nomination for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play"</a> went to <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leighton" title="Margaret Leighton">Margaret Leighton</a> for her role played in <i>Much Ado</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1965: A <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> production directed by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> with <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephens" title="Robert Stephens">Robert Stephens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Redgrave" title="Lynn Redgrave">Lynn Redgrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_York" title="Michael York">Michael York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> among others</li> <li>1965: A <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word or Drama Recording</a> nomination went to a recording of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> production with <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephens" title="Robert Stephens">Robert Stephens</a></li> <li>1973: A <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Featured_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play">Tony Award Nomination for "Best Featured Actor in a Play"</a> went to <a href="/wiki/Barnard_Hughes" title="Barnard Hughes">Barnard Hughes</a> as Dogberry in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Shakespeare Festival">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> production.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1973: A Tony Award Nomination for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play" went to <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Widdoes" title="Kathleen Widdoes">Kathleen Widdoes</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_Cusack" title="Sinéad Cusack">Sinéad Cusack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> in a Royal Shakespeare Company production directed by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Hands" title="Terry Hands">Terry Hands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1983: The <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Standard Award">Evening Standard Award</a> for the "Best Actor" went to <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1985: A Tony Award Nomination for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play" was received by <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_Cusack" title="Sinéad Cusack">Sinéad Cusack</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1985: The <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Performance_by_a_Leading_Actor_in_a_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play">Tony Award for "Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play"</a> went to <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> as Benedick.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1987: Tandy Cronyn as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Monette" title="Richard Monette">Richard Monette</a> as Benedick in a production at the <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Festival" title="Stratford Festival">Stratford Festival</a> directed by Peter Moss<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1989: The Evening Standard Award for "Best Actress" went to <a href="/wiki/Felicity_Kendal" title="Felicity Kendal">Felicity Kendal</a> as Beatrice in <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Moshinsky" title="Elijah Moshinsky">Elijah Moshinsky</a>'s production at the <a href="/wiki/Novello_Theatre" title="Novello Theatre">Strand Theatre</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1994: The <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Laurence Olivier Award</a> for "Best Actor" went to <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> as Benedick in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Warchus" title="Matthew Warchus">Matthew Warchus</a>' production at the <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>2006: The Laurence Olivier Award for "Best Actress" was received by <a href="/wiki/Tamsin_Greig" title="Tamsin Greig">Tamsin Greig</a> as Beatrice in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a>'s production in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="Royal Shakespeare Theatre">Royal Shakespeare Theatre</a>, directed by Marianne Elliott.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Wanamaker" title="Zoë Wanamaker">Zoë Wanamaker</a> appeared as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> as Benedick in a <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> production directed by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Eve_Best" title="Eve Best">Eve Best</a> appeared as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edwards_(English_actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edwards (English actor)">Charles Edwards</a> as Benedick at <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Herrin" title="Jeremy Herrin">Jeremy Herrin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poster_for_the_2011_production_of_Much_Ado_About_Nothing_starring_Catherine_Tate_and_David_Tennant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Poster_for_the_2011_production_of_Much_Ado_About_Nothing_starring_Catherine_Tate_and_David_Tennant.jpg/220px-Poster_for_the_2011_production_of_Much_Ado_About_Nothing_starring_Catherine_Tate_and_David_Tennant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Poster_for_the_2011_production_of_Much_Ado_About_Nothing_starring_Catherine_Tate_and_David_Tennant.jpg/330px-Poster_for_the_2011_production_of_Much_Ado_About_Nothing_starring_Catherine_Tate_and_David_Tennant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Poster_for_the_2011_production_of_Much_Ado_About_Nothing_starring_Catherine_Tate_and_David_Tennant.jpg/440px-Poster_for_the_2011_production_of_Much_Ado_About_Nothing_starring_Catherine_Tate_and_David_Tennant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The official poster for the 2011 production starring <a href="/wiki/David_Tennant" title="David Tennant">David Tennant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tate" title="Catherine Tate">Catherine Tate</a></figcaption></figure></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/David_Tennant" title="David Tennant">David Tennant</a> as Benedick alongside <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tate" title="Catherine Tate">Catherine Tate</a> as Beatrice in a production of the play at the <a href="/wiki/Wyndham%27s_Theatre" title="Wyndham's Theatre">Wyndham's Theatre</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Josie_Rourke" title="Josie Rourke">Josie Rourke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An authorized recording of this production is available to download and watch from <a href="/wiki/Digital_Theatre_(website)" title="Digital Theatre (website)">Digital Theatre</a>.</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Meera_Syal" title="Meera Syal">Meera Syal</a> as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bhattacharjee" title="Paul Bhattacharjee">Paul Bhattacharjee</a> as Benedick in an Indian setting, directed by <a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Khan_(director)" title="Iqbal Khan (director)">Iqbal Khan</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Shakespeare_Festival" title="World Shakespeare Festival">World Shakespeare Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> as Benedick in a production at <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">The Old Vic</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: A German-language production (<i>Viel Lärm um Nichts</i>), translated and directed by <a href="/wiki/Marius_von_Mayenburg" title="Marius von Mayenburg">Marius von Mayenburg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Schaub%C3%BChne_am_Lehniner_Platz" class="mw-redirect" title="Schaubühne am Lehniner Platz">Schaubühne am Lehniner Platz</a>, Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_27-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: Beatriz Romilly as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Needham" title="Matthew Needham">Matthew Needham</a> as Benedick in a Mexican setting, at <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a>, directed by Matthew Dunster.</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Mel_Giedroyc" title="Mel Giedroyc">Mel Giedroyc</a> as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/John_Hopkins_(actor)" title="John Hopkins (actor)">John Hopkins</a> as Benedick in a modern Sicilian setting, at the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Theatre,_Kingston" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Theatre, Kingston">Rose Theatre, Kingston</a>, directed by Simon Dormandy.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Brooks" title="Danielle Brooks">Danielle Brooks</a> as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Grantham_Coleman" title="Grantham Coleman">Grantham Coleman</a> as Benedick with an all-Black cast set in contemporary Georgia, at <a href="/wiki/The_Public_Theater" title="The Public Theater">The Public Theater</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Leon" title="Kenny Leon">Kenny Leon</a>. This version was broadcast on PBS <a href="/wiki/Great_Performances" title="Great Performances">Great Performances</a> on 22 November 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Paredes" title="Jennifer Paredes">Jennifer Paredes</a> as Hero and Gerrard James as Claudio at <a href="/wiki/Denver_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Denver Center for the Performing Arts">Denver Center for the Performing Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2023: Maev Beaty as Beatrice and <a href="/wiki/Graham_Abbey" title="Graham Abbey">Graham Abbey</a> as Benedick in a production at the <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Festival" title="Stratford Festival">Stratford Festival</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Abraham" title="Chris Abraham">Chris Abraham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The operas <i>Montano et Stéphanie</i> (1799) by <a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89lie_B%C3%A9d%C3%A9no_Dejaure" title="Jean-Élie Bédéno Dejaure">Jean-Élie Bédéno Dejaure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri-Montan_Berton" title="Henri-Montan Berton">Henri-Montan Berton</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice_et_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict" title="Béatrice et Bénédict">Béatrice et Bénédict</a></i> (1862) by <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>, <i>Beaucoup de bruit pour rien</i> (pub. 1898) by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Puget" title="Paul Puget">Paul Puget</a>, <i>Viel Lärm um Nichts</i> (1896) by <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Doppler" title="Árpád Doppler">Árpád Doppler</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(opera)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (opera)">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i> by Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a> (1901) are based upon the play.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The composer <a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">Edward MacDowell</a> said he was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a>'s portrayal of Beatrice in this play for the <a href="/wiki/Scherzo" title="Scherzo">scherzo</a> of his <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(MacDowell)" title="Piano Concerto No. 2 (MacDowell)">Piano Concerto No. 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erich_Wolfgang_Korngold" title="Erich Wolfgang Korngold">Erich Wolfgang Korngold</a> composed music for a 1917 production at the Vienna Burgtheater by <a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2006 the <a href="/wiki/American_Music_Theatre_Project" title="American Music Theatre Project">American Music Theatre Project</a> produced <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_Are_Coming_Home" title="The Boys Are Coming Home">The Boys Are Coming Home</a>,</i><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a musical adaptation by Berni Stapleton and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Arden" title="Leslie Arden">Leslie Arden</a> that sets <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> in America during the Second World War. </p><p>The title track of the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Mumford_%26_Sons" title="Mumford & Sons">Mumford & Sons</a> album <i><a href="/wiki/Sigh_No_More_(Mumford_%26_Sons_album)" title="Sigh No More (Mumford & Sons album)">Sigh No More</a></i> uses quotes from this play in the song. The title of the album is also a quotation from Act 2 Scene 3 of the play.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 <a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">rock opera</a> adaptation of the play, <i>These Paper Bullets</i>, was written by <a href="/wiki/Rolin_Jones" title="Rolin Jones">Rolin Jones</a> with music by <a href="/wiki/Billie_Joe_Armstrong" title="Billie Joe Armstrong">Billie Joe Armstrong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Schulich_School_of_Music" title="Schulich School of Music">Opera McGill</a> commissioned an operatic adaptation of the play with music by James Garner and libretto adapted by Patrick Hansen, to premiere in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montréal</a> in the 2023/24 season.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first cinematic version in English may have been the 1913 <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Smalley" title="Phillips Smalley">Phillips Smalley</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellberg" title="Martin Hellberg">Martin Hellberg</a>'s 1964 East German film <i><a href="/wiki/Viel_L%C3%A4rm_um_nichts" title="Viel Lärm um nichts">Viel Lärm um nichts</a></i> was based on the play.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1973 a <a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(1973_film)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (1973 film)">Soviet film adaptation</a> was directed by <a href="/wiki/Samson_Samsonov" title="Samson Samsonov">Samson Samsonov</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Galina_Jovovich" title="Galina Jovovich">Galina Jovovich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Raikin" title="Konstantin Raikin">Konstantin Raikin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first sound version in English released to cinemas was <a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(1993_film)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)">the 1993 film</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It starred Branagh as Benedick, Branagh's then-wife <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> as Beatrice, <a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> as Don Pedro, <a href="/wiki/Keanu_Reeves" title="Keanu Reeves">Keanu Reeves</a> as Don John, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Briers" title="Richard Briers">Richard Briers</a> as Leonato, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> as Dogberry, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sean_Leonard" title="Robert Sean Leonard">Robert Sean Leonard</a> as Claudio, <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Staunton" title="Imelda Staunton">Imelda Staunton</a> as Margaret, and <a href="/wiki/Kate_Beckinsale" title="Kate Beckinsale">Kate Beckinsale</a> in her film debut as Hero. </p><p>The 2001 <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Chahta_Hai" title="Dil Chahta Hai">Dil Chahta Hai</a></i> is a loose adaptation of the play.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a> completed filming <a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(2012_film)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (2012 film)">an adaptation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was released in June 2013. The cast includes <a href="/wiki/Amy_Acker" title="Amy Acker">Amy Acker</a> as Beatrice, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Denisof" title="Alexis Denisof">Alexis Denisof</a> as Benedick, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Fillion" title="Nathan Fillion">Nathan Fillion</a> as Dogberry, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gregg" title="Clark Gregg">Clark Gregg</a> as Leonato, <a href="/wiki/Reed_Diamond" title="Reed Diamond">Reed Diamond</a> as Don Pedro, <a href="/wiki/Fran_Kranz" title="Fran Kranz">Fran Kranz</a> as Claudio, <a href="/wiki/Jillian_Morgese" title="Jillian Morgese">Jillian Morgese</a> as Hero, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Maher" title="Sean Maher">Sean Maher</a> as Don John, <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Treat_Clark" title="Spencer Treat Clark">Spencer Treat Clark</a> as Borachio, <a href="/wiki/Riki_Lindhome" title="Riki Lindhome">Riki Lindhome</a> as Conrade, <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Johnson_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashley Johnson (actress)">Ashley Johnson</a> as Margaret, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lenk" title="Tom Lenk">Tom Lenk</a> as Verges, and <a href="/wiki/Romy_Rosemont" title="Romy Rosemont">Romy Rosemont</a> as the sexton. Whedon's adaptation is a contemporary revision with an Italian-mafia theme. </p><p>In 2012 a filmed version of the live 2011 performance at The Globe was released to cinemas and on DVD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The same year, a filmed version of the 2011 performance at Wyndham's Theatre was made available for download or streaming on the Digital Theatre website.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2015, Owen Drake created a modern movie version of the play, <i>Messina High</i>, starring Faye Reagan.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2023 romantic comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_but_You" title="Anyone but You">Anyone but You</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Will_Gluck" title="Will Gluck">Will Gluck</a> and co-written by Ilana Wolpert,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a loose adaptation principally set in contemporary Australia. It stars <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Sweeney" title="Sydney Sweeney">Sydney Sweeney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Powell" title="Glen Powell">Glen Powell</a> as analogues of Beatrice and Benedick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_and_web_series">Television and web series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Television and web series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1973 New York Shakespeare Festival production by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Papp" title="Joseph Papp">Joseph Papp</a>, shot on videotape and released on VHS and DVD, includes more of the text than Branagh's version.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is directed by A. J. Antoon and stars <a href="/wiki/Sam_Waterston" title="Sam Waterston">Sam Waterston</a>, Kathleen Widdoes, and Barnard Hughes. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">1984 BBC Television version</a> stars <a href="/wiki/Lee_Montague" title="Lee Montague">Lee Montague</a> as Leonato, <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Lunghi" title="Cherie Lunghi">Cherie Lunghi</a> as Beatrice, <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Levy" title="Katharine Levy">Katharine Levy</a> as Hero, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Finch" title="Jon Finch">Jon Finch</a> as Don Pedro, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lindsay_(actor)" title="Robert Lindsay (actor)">Robert Lindsay</a> as Benedick, Robert Reynolds as Claudio, Gordon Whiting as Antonio and <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Dobtcheff" title="Vernon Dobtcheff">Vernon Dobtcheff</a> as Don John.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An earlier BBC television version with <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephens" title="Robert Stephens">Robert Stephens</a>, adapted from <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a>'s stage production for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre Company</a>'s London stage production, was broadcast in February 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> adapted the story as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/ShakespeaRe-Told" title="ShakespeaRe-Told">ShakespeaRe-Told</a></i> season. This version is set in the modern-day studios of Wessex Tonight, a fictional regional news programme. The cast includes <a href="/wiki/Damian_Lewis" title="Damian Lewis">Damian Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Parish" title="Sarah Parish">Sarah Parish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billie_Piper" title="Billie Piper">Billie Piper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2014 YouTube <a href="/wiki/Web_series" title="Web series">web series</a> <i>Nothing Much to Do</i> is a modern retelling of the play set in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, PBS recorded a live production of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Theater">Public Theater</a>'s 2019 <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">Shakespeare in the Park</a> production at the <a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Theater" title="Delacorte Theater">Delacorte Theater</a> in New York City's Central Park for <a href="/wiki/Great_Performances" title="Great Performances">Great Performances</a>. The all-Black cast features <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Brooks" title="Danielle Brooks">Danielle Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grantham_Coleman" title="Grantham Coleman">Grantham Coleman</a> as Beatrice and Benedick, with <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Cooper_(actor)" title="Chuck Cooper (actor)">Chuck Cooper</a> as Leonato. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Leon" title="Kenny Leon">Kenny Leon</a>, with choreography by <a href="/wiki/Camille_A._Brown" title="Camille A. Brown">Camille A. Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Young_adult_fiction">Young adult fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Young adult fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several <a href="/wiki/Young_adult_literature" title="Young adult literature">young adult</a> novels adapting <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lily_Anderson" title="Lily Anderson">Lily Anderson</a>'s 2016 novel <i>The Only Thing Worse Than Me Is You</i> is about Trixie Watson and Ben West, who attend a "school for geniuses".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Speak Easy, Speak Love</i> (2017) by Mckelle George, the play's events take place in the 1920s; it is focused around a failing speakeasy.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Nothing Happened</i> (2018) by Molly Booth, Claudio and Hero are a queer couple, Claudia and Hana.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Under a Dancing Star</i> (2019) by Laura Wood is a modernized version set in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. <i>Two Wrongs Make a Right</i> (2022) by Chloe Liese is another contemporary version.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his text on <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> from 1940, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a> cited Don John's line </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> I am trusted with a muzzle and enfranchised with a clog; therefore I have decreed not to sing in my cage. If I had my mouth, I would bite; if I had my liberty, I would do my liking: in the meantime let me be that I am and seek not to alter me. </p></blockquote> <p>Jensen later explained that this was a reference to the censorship imposed after the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a> in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_(moon)" title="Margaret (moon)">Margaret (moon)</a>, a moon of Uranus, named after the character from <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Ado_About_Nothing&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See textual notes to <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> in <i>The Norton Shakespeare</i> (<a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>, 1997 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97087-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97087-6">0-393-97087-6</a>) p. 1387</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeare2016" class="citation book cs1">McEachern, Claire, ed. (2016). "Introduction". <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Arden_Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="The Arden Shakespeare">The Arden Shakespeare</a>, Third Series (2nd revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903436-83-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903436-83-7"><bdi>978-1-903436-83-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing&rft.series=The+Arden+Shakespeare%2C+Third+Series&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-903436-83-7&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeare2008" class="citation book cs1">Zitner, Sheldon P., ed. (2008). <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 131–132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953611-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953611-5"><bdi>978-0-19-953611-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+World%27s+Classics&rft.pages=131-132&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-953611-5&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shakespeare-navigators.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shakespeare-navigators.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shakespeare-navigators.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shakespeare-navigators.com/ado/AdoText11.html#61">"Much Ado About Nothing: Act 1, Scene 1"</a>. <i>shakespeare-navigators.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shakespeare-navigators.com&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing%3A+Act+1%2C+Scene+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shakespeare-navigators.com%2Fado%2FAdoText11.html%2361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shakespeare.mit.edu/much_ado/full.html">"Much Ado About Nothing: Entire Play"</a>. <i>shakespeare.mit.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shakespeare.mit.edu&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing%3A+Entire+Play&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshakespeare.mit.edu%2Fmuch_ado%2Ffull.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RasmussenShakespeare2007-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RasmussenShakespeare2007_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RasmussenShakespeare2007_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RasmussenShakespeare2007_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussenBate2007" class="citation book cs1">Rasmussen, Eric; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bate" title="Jonathan Bate">Bate, Jonathan</a> (2007). "Much Ado About Nothing". <i>The RSC Shakespeare: the complete works</i>. New York: Macmillan. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-00350-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-00350-7"><bdi>978-0-230-00350-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing&rft.btitle=The+RSC+Shakespeare%3A+the+complete+works&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-230-00350-7&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Bate%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1942" class="citation journal cs1">Gordon, D. J. (1942). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Much Ado about Nothing": A Possible Source for the Hero-Claudio Plot". <i>Studies in Philology</i>. <b>39</b> (2): 279–290. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-3738">0039-3738</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4172572">4172572</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Philology&rft.atitle=%22Much+Ado+about+Nothing%22%3A+A+Possible+Source+for+the+Hero-Claudio+Plot&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=279-290&rft.date=1942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4172572%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0039-3738&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaw1935" class="citation journal cs1">Gaw, Allison (1935). "Is Shakespeare's Much Ado a Revised Earlier Play?". <i>PMLA</i>. <b>50</b> (3): 715–738. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F458213">10.2307/458213</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-8129">0030-8129</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/458213">458213</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163471928">163471928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PMLA&rft.atitle=Is+Shakespeare%27s+Much+Ado+a+Revised+Earlier+Play%3F&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=715-738&rft.date=1935&rft.issn=0030-8129&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163471928%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F458213%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F458213&rft.aulast=Gaw&rft.aufirst=Allison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shakespeare1997-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shakespeare1997_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._Blakemore_Evans" title="G. Blakemore Evans">Evans, G. Blakemore</a> (1997). "Much Ado about Nothing". <i>The Riverside Shakespeare</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-85822-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-85822-4"><bdi>0-395-85822-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+about+Nothing&rft.btitle=The+Riverside+Shakespeare&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-395-85822-4&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G.+Blakemore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoenselaarsMarrapodi1998-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HoenselaarsMarrapodi1998_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDusinberre1998" class="citation book cs1">Dusinberre, Juliet (1998). "Much Ado About Lying". In Marrapodi, Michele (ed.). <i>The Italian world of English Renaissance drama: cultural exchange and intertextuality</i>. Newark: University of Delaware Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-638-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-638-5"><bdi>0-87413-638-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Lying&rft.btitle=The+Italian+world+of+English+Renaissance+drama%3A+cultural+exchange+and+intertextuality&rft.place=Newark&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-87413-638-5&rft.aulast=Dusinberre&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison1968-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harrison1968_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison,_GB1968" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, GB, ed. (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shakespearecompl00shak/page/697">"Much Ado About Nothing introduction"</a></span>. <i>Shakespeare: the Complete Works</i>. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shakespearecompl00shak/page/697">697</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-580530-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-580530-4"><bdi>0-15-580530-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing+introduction&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%3A+the+Complete+Works&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=697&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+World%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-15-580530-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshakespearecompl00shak%2Fpage%2F697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David M. Bergeron, <i>The Duke of Lennox, 1574–1624: A Jacobean Courtier's Life</i> (Edinburgh, 2022), pp. 108–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/resource/document/much-ado-about-nothing-first-edition">"Much Ado About Nothing, first edition"</a>. <i>Shakespeare Documented</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shakespeare+Documented&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing%2C+first+edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshakespearedocumented.folger.edu%2Fresource%2Fdocument%2Fmuch-ado-about-nothing-first-edition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoff" class="citation web cs1">Goff, Moira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/treasures/shakespeare/muchado.html">"Much Ado About Nothing – Shakespeare in quarto"</a>. <i>www.bl.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing+%E2%80%93+Shakespeare+in+quarto&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=Moira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Ftreasures%2Fshakespeare%2Fmuchado.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shakespeare.mit.edu/much_ado/full.html">"Much Ado About Nothing: Entire Play"</a>. Shakespeare.mit.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing%3A+Entire+Play&rft.pub=Shakespeare.mit.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshakespeare.mit.edu%2Fmuch_ado%2Ffull.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arden-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arden_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._R._Humphreys1981" class="citation book cs1">A. R. Humphreys, ed. (1981). <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i>. Arden Edition.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing&rft.pub=Arden+Edition&rft.date=1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBate2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bate" title="Jonathan Bate">Bate, Jonathan</a> (2008). <i>Soul of the Age: the Life, Mind and World of William Shakespeare</i>. London: Viking. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-91482-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-91482-1"><bdi>978-0-670-91482-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soul+of+the+Age%3A+the+Life%2C+Mind+and+World+of+William+Shakespeare&rft.place=London&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-670-91482-1&rft.aulast=Bate&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/benedick-and-beatrice-the-merry-war-of-courtship">"British Library"</a>. <i>www.bl.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=British+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fshakespeare%2Farticles%2Fbenedick-and-beatrice-the-merry-war-of-courtship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Blakemore Evans, <i>The Riverside Shakespeare</i>, Houghton Mifflin, 1974; p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.denison.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1064&context=articulate">"The Spectre of Marriage: Gender Discomfort in Much Ado About Nothing"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Spectre+of+Marriage%3A+Gender+Discomfort+in+Much+Ado+About+Nothing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.denison.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1064%26context%3Darticulate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McEachern-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McEachern_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McEachern_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McEachern_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McEachern, <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i>, Arden; 3rd edition, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amussen, <i>Ordered Society</i>, Columbia University Press (15 April 1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeleyto1997" class="citation journal cs1">Deleyto, Celestino (1997). "Men in Leather: Kenneth Branagh's Much Ado about Nothing and Romantic Comedy". <i>Cinema Journal</i>. <b>36</b> (3). University of Texas Press: 91–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1225677">10.2307/1225677</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1225677">1225677</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinema+Journal&rft.atitle=Men+in+Leather%3A+Kenneth+Branagh%27s+Much+Ado+about+Nothing+and+Romantic+Comedy&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=91-105&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1225677&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1225677%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Deleyto&rft.aufirst=Celestino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Stephen Greenblatt's introduction to <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i> in <i>The Norton Shakespeare</i> (<a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>, 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97087-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97087-6">0-393-97087-6</a>), p. 1383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Gordon Williams <i>A Glossary of Shakespeare's Sexual Language</i> (Athlone Press, 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-485-12130-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-485-12130-1">0-485-12130-1</a>) at p. 219: "As Shakespeare's title ironically acknowledges, vagina and virginity are a nothing causing Much Ado."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDexter2011" class="citation news cs1">Dexter, Gary (13 February 2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/8313901/Title-Deed-How-the-Book-Got-its-Name.html">"Title Deed: How the Book Got its Name"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/8313901/Title-Deed-How-the-Book-Got-its-Name.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Title+Deed%3A+How+the+Book+Got+its+Name&rft.date=2011-02-13&rft.aulast=Dexter&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fbooknews%2F8313901%2FTitle-Deed-How-the-Book-Got-its-Name.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prince-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_27-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathryn Prince, "Performance History", in <i>Much Ado About Nothing: A Critical Reader</i>, edited by Deborah Cartmell and Peter J. Smith (Bloomsbury, 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/F._E._Halliday" title="F. E. Halliday">F. E. Halliday</a>, <i>A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964.</i> Baltimore, Penguin, 1964, pp. 326 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gertrude Carr-Davison, "Beatrice and Hero", <i>The Theatre</i> (1 December 1881), p. 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenzlinger2020" class="citation news cs1">Genzlinger, Neil (10 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/10/arts/terry-hands-dead.html">"Terry Hands, Director Known for Hits and 'Carrie,' Dies at 79"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Terry+Hands%2C+Director+Known+for+Hits+and+%27Carrie%2C%27+Dies+at+79&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F10%2Farts%2Fterry-hands-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Much Ado About Nothing", <i>The Theatre</i> (1 November 1882), p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomerset2019" class="citation web cs1">Somerset, Alan (3 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Theater/production/stage/3218/">"Much Ado About Nothing (1987, Stratford Festival of Canada)"</a>. <i>Internet Shakespeare Editions</i>. University of Victoria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Shakespeare+Editions&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing+%281987%2C+Stratford+Festival+of+Canada%29&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Somerset&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternetshakespeare.uvic.ca%2FTheater%2Fproduction%2Fstage%2F3218%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2007/dec/19/theatre.shakespeare">"Theatre review: Much Ado About Nothing / Olivier, London"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 19 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Theatre+review%3A+Much+Ado+About+Nothing+%2F+Olivier%2C+London&rft.date=2007-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2007%2Fdec%2F19%2Ftheatre.shakespeare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2011" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Charles (30 May 2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/8545980/Much-Ado-About-Nothing-Shakespeares-Globe-review.html">"Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare's Globe, review"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/8545980/Much-Ado-About-Nothing-Shakespeares-Globe-review.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Nothing%2C+Shakespeare%27s+Globe%2C+review&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftheatre%2Ftheatre-reviews%2F8545980%2FMuch-Ado-About-Nothing-Shakespeares-Globe-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavendish2011" class="citation news cs1">Cavendish, Dominic (10 May 2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-features/8505416/David-Tennant-and-Catherine-Tate-interview-for-Much-Ado-About-Nothing.html">"David Tennant and Catherine Tate interview for 'Much Ado About Nothing'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-features/8505416/David-Tennant-and-Catherine-Tate-interview-for-Much-Ado-About-Nothing.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=David+Tennant+and+Catherine+Tate+interview+for+%27Much+Ado+About+Nothing%27&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft.aulast=Cavendish&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftheatre%2Ftheatre-features%2F8505416%2FDavid-Tennant-and-Catherine-Tate-interview-for-Much-Ado-About-Nothing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/apr/19/much-ado-about-nothing-review-mel-giedroyc">"Much Ado About Nothing review – Mel Giedroyc blazes through Great Sicilian Bake Off"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 19 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KCNC-TV&rft.atitle=%27Much+Ado+About+Nothing%27+gets+a+modern+take+at+DCPA&rft.date=2022-09-14&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Dillon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fcolorado%2Fnews%2Fmuch-ado-about-nothing-modern-take-denver-center-for-the-performing-arts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNestruk2023" class="citation web cs1">Nestruk, J. Kelly (17 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/theatre-and-performance/reviews/article-stratford-festival-much-ado-about-nothing-is-really-something-else/">"Stratford Festival: Much Ado About Nothing is really something else with a little Shields added to the Shakespeare"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Stratford+Festival%3A+Much+Ado+About+Nothing+is+really+something+else+with+a+little+Shields+added+to+the+Shakespeare&rft.date=2023-06-17&rft.aulast=Nestruk&rft.aufirst=J.+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Ftheatre-and-performance%2Freviews%2Farticle-stratford-festival-much-ado-about-nothing-is-really-something-else%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daly, Karina, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l_sTAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Much+Ado+about+Nothing%22"><i>Tom Walsh's Opera</i>: A history of the Wexford Festival, 1951–2004</a>, Four Courts, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85182-878-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85182-878-8">1-85182-878-8</a>; the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Beaucoup_de_bruit_pour_rien_%28Puget,_Paul%29">Workpage for Puget's opera</a> at <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">IMSLP</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Jeremy Nicholas. Booklet notes to Hyperion CDA67165 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simonson,_Robert" class="mw-redirect" title="Simonson, Robert">Simonson, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/99899-Cast-Set-for-Gary-Griffin-Directed-The-Boys-Are-Coming-Home-at-Northwesterns-American-Music-Theatre-Project">"Cast Set for Gary Griffin-Directed <i>The Boys Are Coming Home</i>, at Northwestern's American Music Theatre Project"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605042253/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/99899-Cast-Set-for-Gary-Griffin-Directed-The-Boys-Are-Coming-Home-at-Northwesterns-American-Music-Theatre-Project">Archived</a> 5 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 28 May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116065858/https://atlantictheater.org/playevents/thesepaperbullets/">"These Paper Bullets!/Nov 20, 2015 – Jan 10, 2016"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+Only+Thing+Worse+Than+Me+Is+You&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Flily-anderson%2Fthe-only-thing-worse-than-me-is-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harpercollins.com/products/speak-easy-speak-love-mckelle-george">"Speak Easy, Speak Love"</a>. <i>Harper Collins</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PenguinRandomhouse.com&rft.atitle=Two+Wrongs+Make+a+Right+by+Chloe+Liese%3A+9780593441503+%7C+PenguinRandomHouse.com%3A+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fbooks%2F705191%2Ftwo-wrongs-make-a-right-by-chloe-liese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuch+Ado+About+Nothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohannes_V._Jensen1950" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. 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class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Much+Ado+About+Nothing&author=Shakespeare&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Much Ado About Nothing</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/1519">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/william-shakespeare/much-ado-about-nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shakespeare.mit.edu/much_ado/">Text of the play</a> at MIT</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/works/much-ado-about-nothing"><i>Much Ado About Nothing</i></a> at the British Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webenglishteacher.com/muchado.html">Lesson plans for teaching <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i></a> at Web English Teacher</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709163313/https://www.stratfordfestival.ca/education/activities/muchado/06_animation/index.html">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i> A modern re-telling in <a href="/wiki/Flash_Comics" title="Flash Comics">flash comic</a> format provided by the <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford Shakespeare Festival">Stratford Shakespeare 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Template talk:Much Ado About Nothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Much Ado About Nothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Much_Ado_About_Nothing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Beatrice (Much Ado About Nothing)">Beatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Pedro_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Don Pedro (Much Ado About Nothing)">Don Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogberry" title="Dogberry">Dogberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Hero (Much Ado About Nothing)">Hero</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg/150px-Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg/225px-Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg/300px-Much_Ado_About_Nothing_by_Alfred_Elmore_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">1984</a> (TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(1993_film)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShakespeaRe-Told#Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="ShakespeaRe-Told">2005</a> (TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(2012_film)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (2012 film)">2012</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice_et_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict" title="Béatrice et Bénédict">Béatrice et Bénédict</a></i> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(opera)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (opera)"><i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> (opera)</a> (1901)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado" title="Much Ado">Much Ado</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_Are_Coming_Home" title="The Boys Are Coming Home">The Boys Are Coming Home</a></i> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_Against_Lovers" title="The Law Against Lovers">The Law Against Lovers</a></i> (1662)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Chahta_Hai" title="Dil Chahta Hai">Dil Chahta Hai</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imogen_Says_Nothing" title="Imogen Says Nothing">Imogen Says Nothing</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_but_You" title="Anyone but You">Anyone but You</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malapropism" title="Malapropism">Dogberryism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Curiosity_killed_the_cat" title="Curiosity killed the cat">Curiosity killed the cat</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleaching" title="Pleaching">Pleaching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Shakespeare" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:William_Shakespeare" title="Template:William Shakespeare"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Shakespeare" title="Template talk:William Shakespeare"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Shakespeare" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Shakespeare"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_plays" title="Shakespeare's plays">Plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Comedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All%27s_Well_That_Ends_Well" title="All's Well That Ends Well">All's Well That Ends Well</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Comedy_of_Errors" title="The Comedy of Errors">The Comedy of Errors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbeline" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labour%27s_Lost" title="Love's Labour's Lost">Love's Labour's Lost</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre">Pericles, Prince of Tyre</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" title="The Two Gentlemen of Verona">The Two Gentlemen of Verona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Noble_Kinsmen" title="The Two Noble Kinsmen">The Two Noble Kinsmen</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_tragedy" title="Shakespearean tragedy">Tragedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus">Coriolanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timon_of_Athens" title="Timon of Athens">Timon of Athens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_history" title="Shakespearean history">Histories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/King_John_(play)" title="King John (play)">King John</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_(play)" title="Edward III (play)">Edward III</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i></li> <li><i>Henry IV</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_2" title="Henry IV, Part 2">2</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_(play)" title="Henry VI (play)">Henry VI</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_1" title="Henry VI, Part 1">1</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_2" title="Henry VI, Part 2">2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_3" title="Henry VI, Part 3">3</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a></i> ✻</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_texts_of_Shakespeare%27s_works" title="Early texts of Shakespeare's works">Early editions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespeare_plays_in_quarto" title="List of Shakespeare plays in quarto">Quarto publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Folio" title="Second Folio">Second Folio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_problem_play" title="Shakespearean problem play">Problem plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_late_romances" title="Shakespeare's late romances">Late romances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriad" title="Henriad">Henriad</a></li> <li>Characters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_characters_(A%E2%80%93K)" title="List of Shakespearean characters (A–K)">A–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_characters_(L%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of Shakespearean characters (L–Z)">L–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_character" title="Ghost character">Ghost character</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Shakespeare%27s_plays" title="Chronology of Shakespeare's plays">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_performance" title="Shakespeare in performance">Performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_settings" title="List of Shakespearean settings">Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_scenes" title="List of Shakespearean scenes">Scenes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chandos_portrait" title="Chandos portrait"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/75px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/113px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/150px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Shakespeare's sonnets">Shakespeare's sonnets</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrarch%27s_and_Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Petrarch's and Shakespeare's sonnets">comparison to Petrarch</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lover%27s_Complaint" title="A Lover's Complaint">A Lover's Complaint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_and_the_Turtle" title="The Phoenix and the Turtle">The Phoenix and the Turtle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Lucrece" title="The Rape of Lucrece">The Rape of Lucrece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_and_Adonis_(Shakespeare_poem)" title="Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem)">Venus and Adonis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_apocrypha" title="Shakespeare apocrypha">Apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arden_of_Faversham" title="Arden of Faversham">Arden of Faversham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Merlin" title="The Birth of Merlin">The Birth of Merlin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Cardenio" title="The History of Cardenio">Cardenio</a></i> ✻†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Falsehood" title="Double Falsehood">Double Falsehood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside_(play)" title="Edmund Ironside (play)">Edmund Ironside</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fair_Em" title="Fair Em">Fair Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locrine" title="Locrine">Locrine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Prodigal" title="The London Prodigal">The London Prodigal</a></i></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labour%27s_Won" title="Love's Labour's Won">Love's Labour's Won</a></i> †</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Devil_of_Edmonton" title="The Merry Devil of Edmonton">The Merry Devil of Edmonton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mucedorus" title="Mucedorus">Mucedorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Puritan" title="The Puritan">The Puritan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Maiden%27s_Tragedy" title="The Second Maiden's Tragedy">The Second Maiden's Tragedy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sejanus_His_Fall" title="Sejanus His Fall">Sejanus His Fall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Oldcastle" title="Sir John Oldcastle">Sir John Oldcastle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_(play)" title="Sir Thomas More (play)">Sir Thomas More</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Tragedy" title="The Spanish Tragedy">The Spanish Tragedy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lord_Cromwell" title="Thomas Lord Cromwell">Thomas Lord Cromwell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Woodstock_(play)" title="Thomas of Woodstock (play)">Thomas of Woodstock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ur-Hamlet" title="Ur-Hamlet">Ur-Hamlet</a></i> †</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vortigern_and_Rowena" title="Vortigern and Rowena">Vortigern and Rowena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Yorkshire_Tragedy" title="A Yorkshire Tragedy">A Yorkshire Tragedy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="The Passionate Pilgrim">The Passionate Pilgrim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Queen" title="To the Queen">To the Queen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Life of William Shakespeare">Life</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace" title="Shakespeare's Birthplace">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Works_of_Shakespeare" title="Complete Works of Shakespeare">Complete Works</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of translations of works by William Shakespeare">Translations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_coat_of_arms" title="Shakespeare coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare%27s_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_editors" title="Shakespeare's editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">English Renaissance theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_handwriting" title="Shakespeare's handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Men" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a>/<a href="/wiki/King%27s_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">King's Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Theatre" title="The Theatre">The Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_Theatre" title="Curtain Theatre">Curtain Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_plays_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Music in the plays of William Shakespeare">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Place" title="New Place">New Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Shakespeare" title="Portraits of Shakespeare">Portraits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Religious views of William Shakespeare">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Sexuality of William Shakespeare">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_of_Shakespeare%27s_name" title="Spelling of Shakespeare's name">Spelling of his name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_writing_style" title="Shakespeare's writing style">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_will" title="Shakespeare's will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon">Grave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reputation_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Reputation of William Shakespeare">Legacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_attribution_studies" title="Shakespeare attribution studies">Attribution studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Authorship question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardolatry" title="Bardolatry">Bardolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_festival" title="Shakespeare festival">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_garden" title="Shakespeare garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Influence of William Shakespeare">Influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_William_Shakespeare" title="Memorials to William Shakespeare">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_William_Shakespeare_screen_adaptations" title="List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations">Screen adaptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_and_Star_Trek" title="Shakespeare and Star Trek">Shakespeare and <i>Star Trek</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_titled_after_Shakespeare" title="List of works titled after Shakespeare">Works titled after Shakespeare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Quarterly" title="Shakespeare Quarterly">Shakespeare Quarterly</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="Royal Shakespeare Theatre">Royal Shakespeare Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Birthplace_Trust" title="Shakespeare Birthplace Trust">Shakespeare Birthplace Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a> (replica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(wife_of_Shakespeare)" title="Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Hall" title="Susanna Hall">Susanna Hall</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnet_Shakespeare" title="Hamnet Shakespeare">Hamnet Shakespeare</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Quiney" title="Judith Quiney">Judith Quiney</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard" title="Elizabeth Barnard">Elizabeth Barnard</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shakespeare" title="John Shakespeare">John Shakespeare</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shakespeare" title="Mary Shakespeare">Mary Arden</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shakespeare" title="Gilbert Shakespeare">Gilbert Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Shakespeare" title="Joan Shakespeare">Joan Shakespeare</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Shakespeare" title="Edmund Shakespeare">Edmund Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shakespeare" title="Richard Shakespeare">Richard Shakespeare</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(physician)" title="John Hall (physician)">John Hall</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Quiney" title="Thomas Quiney">Thomas Quiney</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>✻ <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare%27s_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Shakespeare and other authors</a></li> <li>† Lost</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:William_Shakespeare" title="Category:William Shakespeare">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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