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<span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جیمز دوان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز دوان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Duane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جیمز دوین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز دوین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Duane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Duane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جيمس دوان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس دوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the law professor, see <a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_Duane" title="James Joseph Duane">James Joseph Duane</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/James_Duane_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="James Duane (disambiguation)">James Duane (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">James Duane</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Duane_-_John_Trumbull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/James_Duane_-_John_Trumbull.jpg/220px-James_Duane_-_John_Trumbull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/James_Duane_-_John_Trumbull.jpg/330px-James_Duane_-_John_Trumbull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/James_Duane_-_John_Trumbull.jpg/440px-James_Duane_-_John_Trumbull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">portrait by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of New York">United States District Court for the District of New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 26, 1789 – March 17, 1794</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">George Washington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Seat established by 1 Stat. 73</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">John Laurance</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayors_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayors of New York City">44th Mayor of New York City</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1784–1789</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Mathews" title="David Mathews">David Mathews</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Varick" title="Richard Varick">Richard Varick</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1733-02-06</span>)</span>February 6, 1733<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 1, 1797<span style="display:none">(1797-02-01)</span> (aged 63)<br /><a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Christ Episcopal Church<br /><a href="/wiki/Duanesburg,_New_York" title="Duanesburg, New York">Duanesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=James_Duane&params=42.76896_N_74.15517_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°46′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°09′19″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.76896°N 74.15517°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.76896; -74.15517</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Duane" title="Anthony Duane">Anthony Duane</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_(1708%E2%80%931790)" title="Robert Livingston (1708–1790)">Robert Livingston</a> (guardian) (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Featherstonhaugh_Jr." title="George W. Featherstonhaugh Jr.">George W. Featherstonhaugh Jr.</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Chatham_Duane" title="James Chatham Duane">James Chatham Duane</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Duane</b> (February 6, 1733 – February 1, 1797) was an American <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father</a>, attorney, jurist, and <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary</a> leader from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. He served as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a>, a New York state senator, the 44th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a>, the 1st post-colonial Mayor of New York City and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States district judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of New York">United States District Court for the District of New York</a>. Duane was a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_James_Duane.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_Arms_of_James_Duane.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_James_Duane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_Arms_of_James_Duane.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_James_Duane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_Arms_of_James_Duane.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_James_Duane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of James Duane</figcaption></figure> <p>Duane was born on February 6, 1733, in New York City, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Duane" title="Anthony Duane">Anthony Duane</a> and his second wife, Althea Ketaltas. Anthony Duane was a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> Irishman from <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a> who first came to New York as an officer of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> in 1698. Duane's surname is from the Irish O'Dubhain. In 1702, Anthony Duane left the navy to marry Eva Benson, daughter of Dirck Benson, a local merchant. They had two sons, Abraham and Cornelius. Duane prospered and bought land for investment, rental, and future development. After his wife's death, Anthony married Althea Ketaltas (Hettletas), the daughter of a wealthy Dutch merchant.<sup id="cite_ref-Duane_finding_aid_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duane_finding_aid-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of James' birth, his father had become a wealthy colonial settler.<sup id="cite_ref-g221_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g221-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duane's mother died in 1736, and his father married a third time in 1741 to Margaret Riken (Rycken).<sup id="cite_ref-Duane_finding_aid_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duane_finding_aid-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Anthony died in 1747, James became the ward of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_(1708%E2%80%931790)" title="Robert Livingston (1708–1790)">Robert Livingston</a>, the 3rd Lord of <a href="/wiki/Livingston_Manor" title="Livingston Manor">Livingston Manor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nyhistory_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyhistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he completed his early education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duane completed preparatory studies and <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">read law</a> in 1754, with <a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_(lawyer)" title="James Alexander (lawyer)">James Alexander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamb2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamb2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had an impressive command of the law and was admitted to the bar on August 3, 1754.<sup id="cite_ref-hsnyct_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsnyct-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He maintained a private practice in New York City from 1754 to 1762, when he became a clerk of the Chancery Court of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FJC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duane was acting attorney general of the Province of New York in 1767<sup id="cite_ref-encnyc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encnyc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a boundary commissioner in 1768 (and again in 1784), before returning to private practice in New York City in 1774 and 1775. He was a delegate to the New York Convention which ratified the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">United States Constitution</a> in 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-CB_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duane was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encnyc_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encnyc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_practice_and_other_activities">Law practice and other activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Law practice and other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duane represented <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a> in the very protracted legal action brought by heirs of <a href="/wiki/Anneke_Esaiasdochter" title="Anneke Esaiasdochter">Anneke Jans</a>, who claimed that they, and not the church, were the lawful owners of much of lower <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, a tract which had been given to the church by the British crown.<sup id="cite_ref-streetbook_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-streetbook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 1770s, his practice earned him 1,400 pounds annually.<sup id="cite_ref-g221_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g221-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the height of his success, Duane had a house in Manhattan, one in the country, and an estate near <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a>, New York, of 36,000 acres (15,000 ha) and 253 tenants.<sup id="cite_ref-g221_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g221-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a vestryman of Trinity Church, was appointed one of the church's nine trustees during a post-war crisis about the church's <a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Tory</a> leanings,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also a trustee of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Kings College</a>, the precursor to Columbia University.<sup id="cite_ref-encnyc_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encnyc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1761, Duane acquired from Gerardus Stuyvesant a farm known as <i>Krom Mesje</i> ("little crooked knife") in reference to a small brook that flowed into the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a>. He named it <a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">"Gramercy Seat"</a>. In addition to the farm, Duane also had a house on King Street (later changed to Pine Street).<sup id="cite_ref-valentine_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valentine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1765, he was granted a <a href="/wiki/Land_patent" title="Land patent">patent for land</a> in <a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady County</a>, which became the township of <a href="/wiki/Duanesburg,_New_York" title="Duanesburg, New York">Duanesburg</a>. </p><p>With his boyhood friend <a href="/wiki/James_De_Lancey_(politician)" title="James De Lancey (politician)">James De Lancey</a>, Duane was one of the Socialborough Proprietors, holding an area obtained by grant in 1771 and located on both sides of Otter Creek in the present towns of <a href="/wiki/Pittsford,_Vermont" title="Pittsford, Vermont">Pittsford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rutland,_Vermont_micropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutland, Vermont micropolitan area">Rutland, Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duane was politically conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-g221_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g221-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until his marriage to Mary Livingston, he had been a member of <a href="/wiki/James_De_Lancey_(politician)" title="James De Lancey (politician)">James De Lancey</a>'s political faction,<sup id="cite_ref-encnyc_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encnyc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which opposed to the Crown's policies but did not endorse the use of mob violence to protest British measures. His efforts to support resistance in New York led to his being chosen with others to represent the Province of New York at the Congressional meetings in Philadelphia. He remained active in both capacities. </p><p>Duane was a delegate to the First Continental Congress held in Philadelphia during the autumn of 1774 in reaction to the British Navy's blockade of Boston Harbor and the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable Acts</a> by Parliament in response to the December 1773 <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a>. He was one of the many who were most disposed to reconciliation with Britain and supported the <a href="/wiki/Galloway%27s_Plan_of_Union" title="Galloway's Plan of Union">Galloway Plan of Union</a>, which was rejected by the majority of the delegates. Upon his return to New York, he was named to the <i><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Sixty" title="Committee of Sixty">Committee of Sixty</a></i>, a committee of inspection formed in the City and County of New York (Manhattan, New York City) in 1775, to enforce the Continental Association, a boycott of British goods enacted by the First Continental Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Provincial_Congress#Provincial_Convention_(Second_Continental_Congress)" title="New York Provincial Congress">Provincial Convention</a> held in New York City on April 20, 1775, where delegates were elected to the Second Continental Congress. It included the delegates to the First Congress as well as five new members. The scope of the Provincial Convention did not extend beyond electing delegates, who dispersed on April 22, the day before news of the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a> arrived. The Second Continental Congress convened its first session on May 10. Duane served as a delegate from 1775 to 1781. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, an aide to General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, wrote Duane to ask him to get Congress to expedite supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Committee of Sixty was replaced by a more representative <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Sixty#Committee_of_One_Hundred" title="Committee of Sixty">Committee of One Hundred</a> on May 1, 1775. The Committee still considered itself loyal to the British Crown but was opposed to the laws of the Parliament of Great Britain, which it considered unconstitutional because the colonies had no representation in it. The Committee of One Hundred was officially replaced by the New York Provincial Congress which first convened on May 23, 1775. Despite initial reservations regarding independence, he later supported the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_independence" title="Declaration of independence">Declaration of Independence</a>. Because of his service with the Provincial Congress, Duane was not in Philadelphia to sign the Declaration.<sup id="cite_ref-valentine_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valentine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the British <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1665%E2%80%931783)" title="History of New York City (1665–1783)">occupied New York</a> in late summer 1776, he withdrew his wife and family to the relative safety of her father's home at Livingston Manor. He was a member of the New York Constitutional Convention which assembled at White Plains, New York, on Sunday evening, July 10, 1776, for the purpose of drafting a constitution to replace the colonial charter. </p><p>In July 1778 he signed the Articles of Confederation in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-hsnyct_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsnyct-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duane was a member of the Congress of the Confederation from 1781 to 1783. He remained active as a political leader throughout the war and returned home to Gramercy Seat in 1783. He commented that his home looked "as if they had been inhabited by wild beasts".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_war_activities">Post war activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post war activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> from 1784 to 1789,<sup id="cite_ref-FJC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appointed by the Council of Appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-g267_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g267-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As mayor, one of Duane's first acts was to donate to the poor the money usually spent on entertainment for his inauguration, about 20 guineas.<sup id="cite_ref-g267_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g267-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time in office, he strove to help the city revive itself after the damage done by the war and the British occupation, but he was unable to maintain the city's status as the capital of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-encnyc_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encnyc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As head of the Mayor's Court, he heard the landmark case of <i><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_v._Waddington" title="Rutgers v. Waddington">Rutgers v. Waddington</a></i>, handing down a <a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Solomonic decision</a> that pleased neither party. After he was called before the State Assembly to explain his thinking, he was censured by that body.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> from 1782 to 1785, and from 1788 to 1790. In 1785, Duane was one of 32 prominent New Yorkers who met to create the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Manumission_Society" title="New York Manumission Society">New York Manumission Society</a>, which was intended to put pressure on the state of New York to abolish slavery, as every state in the north had done except New York and New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was chosen a member of the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">Annapolis Convention</a> in 1786 but did not attend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_judicial_service">Federal judicial service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Federal judicial service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duane was nominated by President George Washington on September 25, 1789, to the United States District Court for the District of New York, to a new seat authorized by 1 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-1-73">73</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FJC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on September 25, 1789, and received his commission on September 26, 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-FJC_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned on March 17, 1794, because of ill health.<sup id="cite_ref-FJC_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mrs._James_Duane_(Mary_Livingston,_1738-1821).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mrs._James_Duane_%28Mary_Livingston%2C_1738-1821%29.jpg/220px-Mrs._James_Duane_%28Mary_Livingston%2C_1738-1821%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mrs._James_Duane_%28Mary_Livingston%2C_1738-1821%29.jpg/330px-Mrs._James_Duane_%28Mary_Livingston%2C_1738-1821%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mrs._James_Duane_%28Mary_Livingston%2C_1738-1821%29.jpg/440px-Mrs._James_Duane_%28Mary_Livingston%2C_1738-1821%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Mary Livingston</figcaption></figure> <p>On October 21, 1759, Duane married Mary Livingston (1738–1821),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the eldest living daughter of his former guardian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_(1708%E2%80%931790)" title="Robert Livingston (1708–1790)">Robert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sewall_Genealogy_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sewall_Genealogy-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their children were:<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Mary Duane (b. 1762), who married Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_North" title="William North">William North</a> (1755–1836) on October 14, 1787<sup id="cite_ref-ChristChurch_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChristChurch-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Catharine L. Duane<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Adelia Duane (1765–1860), who married merchant <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sands_Pell" title="Alfred Sands Pell">Alfred Sands Pell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RLPObit1880_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RLPObit1880-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>James Chatham Duane (1769–1842), who married Mary Ann Bowers (1773–1828)<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cornelius Duane (1774–1781), who died young<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sarah Duane (1775–1828),<sup id="cite_ref-Dolan_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolan-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who married <a href="/wiki/George_William_Featherstonhaugh" title="George William Featherstonhaugh">George W. Featherstonhaugh</a> (1780–1866) on November 6, 1808<sup id="cite_ref-railroads_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railroads-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Duane's grandchildren included <a href="/wiki/George_W._Featherstonhaugh_Jr." title="George W. Featherstonhaugh Jr.">George W. Featherstonhaugh Jr.</a> (1814–1900),<sup id="cite_ref-railroads_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railroads-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_Pell" title="Robert Livingston Pell">Robert Livingston Pell</a> (1811–1880), James Duane Pell (1813–1881), George W. Pell (1820–1896), and Richard Montgomery Pell (1822–1882).<sup id="cite_ref-RLPObit1880_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RLPObit1880-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His great-grandchildren included Alfred Duane Pell (1864–1937) and <a href="/wiki/James_Chatham_Duane" title="James Chatham Duane">James Chatham Duane</a> (1824–1897).<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duane died on February 1, 1797, in <a href="/wiki/Duanesburg,_New_York" title="Duanesburg, New York">Duanesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady County</a>, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CB_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FJC_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred under Christ Church in Duanesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-CB_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duane Street in Manhattan was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-streetbook_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-streetbook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duane Park, at the corner of Duane and Hudson streets is named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire Department of New York</a> operated a <a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">fireboat</a> named <a href="/wiki/James_Duane_(fireboat)" title="James Duane (fireboat)"><i>James Duane</i></a> from 1908 to 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-Marine1FdnyHistory_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marine1FdnyHistory-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town of Duanesburg, New York, in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady County</a>, is named for James Duane, who held most of it as an original land grant.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Northern District of New York Federal Court Bar Association presents the annual Judge James Duane Award upon "...a distinguished member of the bar who has carried on Judge Duane’s legacy of excellence in the practice of law, unwavering integrity, and a tireless commitment to the legal profession."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_Duane" title="James Joseph Duane">James Joseph Duane</a>, an American law professor at the <a href="/wiki/Regent_University_School_of_Law" title="Regent University School of Law">Regent University School of Law</a>, is a living descendant of James Duane who has received online attention for his video lecture "Don't Talk To Police". </p><p>Ed Jewett portrayed Duane in the 2008 <i><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(miniseries)" title="John Adams (miniseries)">John Adams</a></i> miniseries directed by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hooper" title="Tom Hooper">Tom Hooper</a>. He appeared in episode 2 "Independence." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He may have died in New York City, according to his Congressional Biography.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Duane_finding_aid-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duane_finding_aid_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duane_finding_aid_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc14786.htm">"Finding aid to the Duane Family and Duanesburg Patent Land Papers, 1734–1835"</a>. New York State Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+aid+to+the+Duane+Family+and+Duanesburg+Patent+Land+Papers%2C+1734%E2%80%931835&rft.pub=New+York+State+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysl.nysed.gov%2Fmsscfa%2Fsc14786.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g221-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g221_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g221_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g221_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g221_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows & Wallace (1999), p. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyhistory-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyhistory_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyhistory.org/exhibit/robert-livingston-jr-1708-1790">"Robert Livingston Jr. (1708–1790)"</a>. <i>nyhistory.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyhistory.org&rft.atitle=Robert+Livingston+Jr.+%281708%E2%80%931790%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyhistory.org%2Fexhibit%2Frobert-livingston-jr-1708-1790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamb2005-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lamb2005_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambHarrison2005" class="citation book cs1">Lamb, Martha Joanna; Harrison, Mrs Burton (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4JvSsT6J6qoC&pg=PA701"><i>History of the City of New York: Its Origin, Rise, and Progress</i></a>. Cosimo, Inc. p. 701. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781596052840" title="Special:BookSources/9781596052840"><bdi>9781596052840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+City+of+New+York%3A+Its+Origin%2C+Rise%2C+and+Progress&rft.pages=701&rft.pub=Cosimo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781596052840&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Martha+Joanna&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Mrs+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4JvSsT6J6qoC%26pg%3DPA701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hsnyct-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hsnyct_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsnyct_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-01/history-era-01-duane.html">"James Duane", Historical Society of the New York Courts</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FJC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FJC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FJC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FJC_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FJC_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FJC_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FJC_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1380206">James Duane</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encnyc-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encnyc_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encnyc_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encnyc_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encnyc_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encnyc_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vorhees, David William. "Duane, James" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_T._Jackson" title="Kenneth T. Jackson">Jackson, Kenneth T.</a>, ed. (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_City" title="The Encyclopedia of New York City">The Encyclopedia of New York City</a></i> (2nd ed.). New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2"><bdi>978-0-300-11465-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11465-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 380</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CB-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CB_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CB_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CB_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressD000508" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000508">"James Duane (id: D000508)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=James+Duane+%28id%3A+D000508%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DD000508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-streetbook-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-streetbook_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-streetbook_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoscow1978" class="citation book cs1">Moscow, Henry (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xOhzui9AObUC"><i>The Street Book: An Encyclopedia of Manhattan's Street Names and Their Origins</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Hagstrom_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagstrom Company">Hagstrom Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-1275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-1275-0"><bdi>978-0-8232-1275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Street+Book%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Manhattan%27s+Street+Names+and+Their+Origins&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hagstrom+Company&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-1275-0&rft.aulast=Moscow&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxOhzui9AObUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows & Wallace (1999), p. 269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valentine-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-valentine_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valentine_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/valentinesmanual1920brow/page/194">Pine, John B., "Gramercy Park", <i>Valentine's Manual of Old New York</i>, No. 4, (Henry Collins Browne, ed.), New York. Valentine's Manual Inc., 1920, p. 194</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flick, Alexander Clarence. <i>New York History: Quarterly Journal of the New York State Historical Association</i>, 1999, Volume 80; Volume 97, p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714171105/http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.307%3A1.amarch">New-York, Committee of Correspondence. "The new Committee of Sixty elected", American Archives Series 4, Volume 1, P. 330, Northern Illinois University Libraries</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/glc03636">"Alexander Hamilton to James Duane, 14 May 1780", Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows & Wallace (1999), p. 265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g267-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g267_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g267_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows & Wallace (1999), p. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows & Wallace (1999), p. 278</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows & Wallace (1999), p. 285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexanderhamiltonexhibition.org/gallery/duane_mrsj.html">"Gallery of Peers: Mrs. James Duane"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a>. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gallery+of+Peers%3A+Mrs.+James+Duane&rft.pub=The+New-York+Historical+Society&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexanderhamiltonexhibition.org%2Fgallery%2Fduane_mrsj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sewall_Genealogy-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sewall_Genealogy_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees" class="citation web cs1">Rees, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sewellgenealogy.com/p157.htm">"Sewalls of Coventry: James Duane"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sewalls+of+Coventry%3A+James+Duane&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sewellgenealogy.com%2Fp157.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1883" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, William (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ixFLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA487"><i>Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of New York: Johnson v.1-20</i></a>. Albany, NY: Banks & Brothers Law Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reports+of+Cases+Argued+and+Determined+in+the+Supreme+Court+of+the+State+of+New+York%3A+Johnson+v.1-20&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=Banks+%26+Brothers+Law+Publishers&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DixFLAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChristChurch-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChristChurch_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christchurchduanesburg.org/history.html">"Christ Church Duanesburg History"</a>. <i>christchurchduanesburg.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Christ_Episcopal_Church_(Duanesburg,_New_York)" title="Christ Episcopal Church (Duanesburg, New York)">Christ Church Duanesburg</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=christchurchduanesburg.org&rft.atitle=Christ+Church+Duanesburg+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christchurchduanesburg.org%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RLPObit1880-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RLPObit1880_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RLPObit1880_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1880/02/14/98886835.pdf">"Robert Livingston Pell"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. February 14, 1880<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Livingston+Pell&rft.date=1880-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1880%2F02%2F14%2F98886835.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2005" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Bruce (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNO3WVTokk0C&pg=PA1586"><i>The Family Forest Descendants of Lady Joan Beaufort</i></a>. Kamuela, HI: Millisecond Publishing Company, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Family+Forest+Descendants+of+Lady+Joan+Beaufort&rft.place=Kamuela%2C+HI&rft.pub=Millisecond+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNO3WVTokk0C%26pg%3DPA1586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iiM8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA305"><i>Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year</i></a>. New York: Order of the Society. 1871.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collections+of+the+New+York+Historical+Society+for+the+Year&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Order+of+the+Society&rft.date=1871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiiM8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dolan-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dolan_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolan" class="citation web cs1">Dolan, Megan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/duane/bioghist.html">"Guide to the Duane Family Papers 1700-1945 MS 179"</a>. <i>dlib.nyu.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dlib.nyu.edu&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+Duane+Family+Papers+1700-1945+MS+179&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlib.nyu.edu%2Ffindingaids%2Fhtml%2Fnyhs%2Fduane%2Fbioghist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-railroads-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-railroads_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-railroads_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/railroads/alcohistory/">"Growing With Schenectady – American Locomotive Company"</a>. <i>The story of a century of locomotive building in Schenectady</i>. The Schenectady Digital History Archive. 1972<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+story+of+a+century+of+locomotive+building+in+Schenectady&rft.atitle=Growing+With+Schenectady+%E2%80%93+American+Locomotive+Company&rft.date=1972&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schenectadyhistory.org%2Frailroads%2Falcohistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/duane-park">"Duane Park", New York City Department of Parks & Recreation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marine1FdnyHistory-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marine1FdnyHistory_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarence_E._Meek1954" class="citation web cs1">Clarence E. Meek (July 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marine1fdny.com/fireboat_history_new.php">"Fireboats Through The Years"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fireboats+Through+The+Years&rft.date=1954-07&rft.au=Clarence+E.+Meek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarine1fdny.com%2Ffireboat_history_new.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duanesburg Historical Society (2005). "Introduction". Duanesburg and Princetown. Images of America. Arthur Willis, Duanesburg, New York Town Historian; Irma Mastrean, Princetown, New York Town Historian. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 7–8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-3803-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-3803-5">0-7385-3803-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Colonial Laws of New York. James B. Lyon (State of New York). 1894. p. 383. Retrieved 2009-09-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndnyfcba.org/annual-dinner-with-the-federal-judiciary-and-key-note-speaker-general-william-k-suter/">"Annual Dinner …", Northern District of New York Federal Court Bar Association, November 29, 2012</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrowsWallace1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Burrows" title="Edwin G. Burrows">Burrows, Edwin G.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Wallace_(historian)" title="Mike Wallace (historian)">Wallace, Mike</a> (1999). <i><a href="/wiki/Gotham:_A_History_of_New_York_City_to_1898" title="Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898">Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-195-11634-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-195-11634-8"><bdi>0-195-11634-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gotham%3A+A+History+of+New+York+City+to+1898&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-195-11634-8&rft.aulast=Burrows&rft.aufirst=Edwin+G.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/duane/index.html">The Duane Family Papers 1700-1945 at the New York Historical Society</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressD000508" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000508">"James Duane (id: D000508)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=James+Duane+%28id%3A+D000508%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DD000508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Duane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1380206">James Duane</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050415200959/http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/earlycc/images/duane.htm">Portrait of James Duane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ohlhous/250735939/">James Duane Historic Marker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/gramercy-parks-amiable-hawk-gets-a-name/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0">Gramercy Park's Hawk Gets a Name</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theboweryboys.blogspot.com/2007/12/know-your-mayors-james-duane.html">Know Your Mayors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alexander, Edward. <i>Revolutionary Conservative: James Duane of New York</i>; New York: AMS Press, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-404-00321-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-404-00321-4">0-404-00321-4</a>.</li> <li>Randall, Willard Sterne, 2011. <i>Ethan Allen: His Life and Times</i>, W.W. Norton & Co., New York and London.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Duane&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aoh.com/2018/03/26/james-duane-the-irish-american-who-rebuild-new-york/">James Duane, The Irish American Who Rebuilt New York</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Mathews" title="David Mathews">David Mathews</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_York_City" title="List of mayors of New York City">44th Mayor of New York City</a> </b><br />1784–1789 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Varick" title="Richard Varick">Richard Varick</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Seat established by 1 Stat. 73</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of New York">United States District Court for the District of New York</a></span> </b><br />1789–1794 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">John Laurance</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willett" title="Thomas Willett">T. Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Steenwyk" title="Cornelius Steenwyk">Van Steenwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Nicoll" title="Matthias Nicoll">Nicoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(New_York_politician)" title="John Lawrence (New York politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dervall" title="William Dervall">Dervall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_De_Mayer" title="Nicholas De Mayer">De Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Stephanus Van Cortlandt">S. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rombouts" title="Francis Rombouts">Rombouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyre" title="William Dyre">Dyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Steenwyk" title="Cornelius Steenwyk">Van Steenwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Minvielle" title="Gabriel Minvielle">Minvielle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bayard" title="Nicholas Bayard">N. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Stephanus Van Cortlandt">S. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Delanoy" title="Peter Delanoy">Delanoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(New_York_politician)" title="John Lawrence (New York politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_de_Peyster" title="Abraham de Peyster">A. de Peyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lodwik" title="Charles Lodwik">Lodwik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Merritt_(mayor)" title="William Merritt (mayor)">Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Peyster" title="Johannes de Peyster">J. de Peyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Provost" title="David Provost">Provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_De_Riemer" title="Isaac De Riemer">De Riemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Noell" title="Thomas Noell">Noell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_French" title="Phillip French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Peartree" title="William Peartree">Peartree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Wilson" title="Ebenezer Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Jacobus Van Cortlandt">J. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Heathcote" title="Caleb Heathcote">Heathcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Johnstone_(mayor)" title="John Johnstone (mayor)">Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Jacobus Van Cortlandt">J. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walters_(mayor)" title="Robert Walters (mayor)">Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Jansen_(mayor)" title="Johannes Jansen (mayor)">Jansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lurting" title="Robert Lurting">Lurting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Richard" title="Paul Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cruger" title="John Cruger">Cruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bayard" title="Stephen Bayard">S. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holland_(mayor)" title="Edward Holland (mayor)">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cruger_Jr." title="John Cruger Jr.">Cruger Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Hicks" title="Whitehead Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mathews" title="David Mathews">Mathews</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Varick" title="Richard Varick">Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">M. Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ferguson_(New_York_politician)" title="John Ferguson (New York politician)">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallader_D._Colden" title="Cadwallader D. Colden">Colden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Allen_(American_politician)" title="Stephen Allen (American politician)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paulding_Jr." title="William Paulding Jr.">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hone" title="Philip Hone">Hone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paulding_Jr." title="William Paulding Jr.">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bowne" title="Walter Bowne">Bowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Lee" title="Gideon Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Lawrence" title="Cornelius Lawrence">C. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Clark" title="Aaron Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_L._Varian" title="Isaac L. Varian">Varian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Morris_(mayor)" title="Robert H. Morris (mayor)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harper_(publisher)" title="James Harper (publisher)">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_H._Mickle" title="Andrew H. Mickle">Mickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Brady" title="William V. Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Smith_Woodhull" title="Caleb Smith Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Kingsland" title="Ambrose Kingsland">Kingsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Aaron_Westervelt" title="Jacob Aaron Westervelt">Westervelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_F._Tiemann" title="Daniel F. Tiemann">Tiemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Opdyke" title="George Opdyke">Opdyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Godfrey_Gunther" title="Charles Godfrey Gunther">Gunther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Hoffman" title="John T. Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coman" title="Thomas Coman">Coman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Oakey_Hall" title="A. Oakey Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._H._Vance" title="Samuel B. H. Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Wickham" title="William H. Wickham">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Ely_Jr." title="Smith Ely Jr.">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cooper_(mayor)" title="Edward Cooper (mayor)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_Grace" title="William Russell Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Edson" title="Franklin Edson">Edson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_Grace" title="William Russell Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_J._Grant" title="Hugh J. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Gilroy" title="Thomas Francis Gilroy">Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lafayette_Strong" title="William Lafayette Strong">Strong</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York City Flag"><img alt="New York City Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/75px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/113px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/150px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continental_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Continental_Association" title="Template:Continental Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Continental_Association" title="Template talk:Continental Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continental_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continental Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continental_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Folsom" title="Nathaniel Folsom">Nathaniel Folsom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts Bay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">Thomas Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ward_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Samuel Ward (Rhode Island politician)">Samuel Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Dyer" title="Eliphalet Dyer">Eliphalet Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Deane" title="Silas Deane">Silas Deane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Low" title="Isaac Low">Isaac Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alsop" title="John Alsop">John Alsop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Boerum" title="Simon Boerum">Simon Boerum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Kinsey" title="James Kinsey">James Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Livingston" title="William Livingston">William Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crane_(Continental_Congress)" title="Stephen Crane (Continental Congress)">Stephen Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Smith_(Continental_Congress)" title="Richard Smith (Continental Congress)">Richard Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_De_Hart" title="John De Hart">John De Hart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Galloway" title="Joseph Galloway">Joseph Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Humphreys" title="Charles Humphreys">Charles Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Biddle" title="Edward Biddle">Edward Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Lower Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Johnson (jurist)">Thomas Johnson, Junr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry, Junr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bland" title="Richard Bland">Richard Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pendleton" title="Edmund Pendleton">Edmund Pendleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton" title="Henry Middleton">Henry Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(statesman)" title="Thomas Lynch (statesman)">Thomas Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gadsden" title="Christopher Gadsden">Christopher Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_of_Confederation_and_Perpetual_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Articles_of_Confederation_and_Perpetual_Union" title="Template:Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Articles_of_Confederation_and_Perpetual_Union" title="Template talk:Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Articles_of_Confederation_and_Perpetual_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Articles_of_Confederation_and_Perpetual_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary drafter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett" title="Josiah Bartlett">Josiah Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wentworth_Jr." title="John Wentworth Jr.">John Wentworth Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dana" title="Francis Dana">Francis Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lovell_(politician)" title="James Lovell (politician)">James Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Samuel Holten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery" title="William Ellery">William Ellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Marchant" title="Henry Marchant">Henry Marchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collins_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Collins (Continental Congress)">John Collins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott" title="Oliver Wolcott">Oliver Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Hosmer" title="Titus Hosmer">Titus Hosmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Adams_(politician)" title="Andrew Adams (politician)">Andrew Adams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lewis" title="Francis Lewis">Francis Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duer_(Continental_congressman)" title="William Duer (Continental congressman)">William Duer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Scudder" title="Nathaniel Scudder">Nathaniel Scudder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Roberdeau" title="Daniel Roberdeau">Daniel Roberdeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bayard_Smith" title="Jonathan Bayard Smith">Jonathan Bayard Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clingan" title="William Clingan">William Clingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_(politician)" title="Joseph Reed (politician)">Joseph Reed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(politician,_born_1738)" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (politician, born 1738)">Nicholas Van Dyke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanson" title="John Hanson">John Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Banister_(lawyer)" title="John Banister (lawyer)">John Banister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Adams_(politician)" title="Thomas Adams (politician)">Thomas Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harvie" title="John Harvie">John Harvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lightfoot_Lee" title="Francis Lightfoot Lee">Francis Lightfoot Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="John Penn (North Carolina politician)">John Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Harnett" title="Cornelius Harnett">Cornelius Harnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Williams (Continental Congress)">John Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Henry Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Drayton" title="William Henry Drayton">William Henry Drayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathews_(lawyer)" title="John Mathews (lawyer)">John Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hutson" title="Richard Hutson">Richard Hutson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heyward_Jr." title="Thomas Heyward Jr.">Thomas Heyward Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Walton_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Walton (Continental Congress)">John Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Edward Telfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Langworthy_(Founding_Father)" title="Edward Langworthy (Founding Father)">Edward Langworthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339274#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339274#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339274#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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