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id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-4b0474c2-3822-4700-9af9-29be76412da6"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jean Sénat Fleury" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/16212924/22022325/38047086/s200_jean.s_nat_fleury.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Jean Sénat Fleury</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Jean" data-follow-user-id="16212924" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="16212924"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">705</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">584</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-author</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/Jeansenatfleury/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">A former judge with a passion for history,  Jean Senat Fleury was born on September 10,1962 in Saint-Marc, (Haiti). A prolific writer, Mr. Fleury lives in Boston, (Massachusetts). <br /><br />Academic Formation <br /><br />Faculty of Law ((Haiti)<br />School of Magistrate (Paris-Bordeaux), France.<br />Northeastern University, (Boston, Massachusetts), (PRE-MBA)<br />Suffolk University, (Boston, Massachusetts), Political  Science (Master degree)<br />Suffolk University, (Boston, Massachusetts), Public Administration (Master degree).<br />Providence International Christian University (Orlando), doctorate in Leadership and Communication<br /><br />Website: jsf-author.com; jsfartcenter.org<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>561 207 1718 - 617-487-5432<br /><b>Address: </b>72 Rangeley Rd<br />Chestnut Hill, MA 02467<br />jeansenatfleury@gmail.com<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related 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class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Videos" id="Videos"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Videos by Jean Sénat Fleury</h3></div><style type="text/css">/*thumbnail*/ .video-thumbnail-container { position: relative; height: 88px !important; box-sizing: content-box; } .thumbnail-image { height: 100%; width: 100%; object-fit: cover; } .play-icon { position: absolute; width: 40px; height: 40px; top: calc(50% - 20px); left: calc(50% - 20px); } .video-duration { position: absolute; bottom: 2px; right: 2px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 12px; padding: 2px; }</style><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-video-id="1121"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/video/4kbZnk"><div class="work-thumbnail video-thumbnail-container"><img class="thumbnail-image" onerror="this.src='//a.academia-assets.com/images/videoicon.svg'" src="https://academia-edu-videos.s3.amazonaws.com/transcoded/4kbZnk/thumbnail.jpg?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22thumbnail.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27thumbnail.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIATUSBJ6BABTDDLEZC%2F20250218%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250218T022117Z&X-Amz-Expires=20803&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEFsaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCJ5Mi9msi2Ns8uUOU%2BIcytytYaJ%2BGrXw1YoWp%2Fi%2FwRnAIhALBfIvSdzPHZLDLRPZj%2FJq%2FOAzXVlZmtXKPmAH6qk6rXKpYECIP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQABoMMjUwMzE4ODExMjAwIgy%2BUz2Tt9sl%2Bc0InhMq6gOgUCyuVUzmRS8eiydcgUhjMwypdvreh4F9JOEOlovlLetSwfhrc1GdE%2Bf66mhPg8EzJhpnOMboqbsuYwt9uLUuroMs7fVnIc9KPaPcUJ6TWXiJGwcee8Dq%2BxKi8aTyqTC8I7tm6bdamvM73ccQTAQl0m5SYSoFDemRNRxwkxCUKJeMKRwAjTD0aegROk84l5VJHV56l0me7LhoXV%2BJNOy0GNnZd0S4kO08kmrlDyPdryh583nMFWKrL6Tln1%2Fy32kk%2F2XDNptElG%2FSqEfbYs9Vxmhxoat3bVW4PgJ43R5FKt1Gq99r5Ago4RMiPlBfIHGypKyPSb4waqxkD9e2cM9uKmkFIwWiJkHRSmJWsY%2BXRAdq8U8Cv6%2Bv9aV1mTJKcHmdqN7IHy9Dy1Pml1UmQF79kD7uCuNxCBlUyhi6HdO74Ug%2B3UKHFlxKQbeYxNNXy63wUC76Za2NnZJX0CAbkkpFkFgPbEYDTcw5raa1IeEsEyQrmyeuOiQt9m3Gk%2BnODnZS7DJ9S9JttLiGiO7SM9TVK0%2BIen01WsgZjnhR9xQBr%2BrQjCAsotTvyj%2F7DF28tH%2BKsskjEUZD36cbGhQHKvxJGno1VpAGoadPp9uE8lGmVKQHe6sgLJgCYZnxN8fSUjE53x6WYOiMtWdJMIDXz70GOqQBVfM4IrJul7Psb%2Fo%2Fc5VR%2FqduTsMNAHeEmtXN1Kfhfih7DB6UCFNeaBM3ucQyapAse5yKSXbrkW5q7bpP1FX2%2BY2sR3T5QRAi2s8yYU2cllJpk2zbDd4nGNMMp2YLK75IW%2FT3RBWWrgv65NpFOjNnXiPDH7ku75wjufggrTTRJFqZMMedQbic1Ludi2%2F3vCYVcaG2w3QkkL4v6xu3NlBgGwkaqDY%3D&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=ab9fb80bcb295731dd7f0ce14579fb14791a89edd5c7ed10167672b144ab8970" /><img alt="Play" class="play-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/video-play-icon.svg" /><div class="video-duration">03:00</div></div></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" href="https://www.academia.edu/video/4kbZnk">Watch New Movie Trailers Based on Jean Sénat Fleury’s fiction book: TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE: THE TRIAL OF THE SLAVE TRAFFICKING </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Toussaint Louverture: The Trial of the Slave Trafficking Jean Sénat Fleury Written at a t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Toussaint Louverture: The Trial of the Slave Trafficking <br /> <br />Jean Sénat Fleury <br /> <br />Written at a time when discrimination and racism are the most serious scourge facing modern society today, the book Toussaint Louverture: The Trial Of The Slave Trafficking comes at the right moment to awaken the global conscience on the wrongs of slavery and the need to fight this evil that threatens to appear in its ugly form in the sixteenth century. <br /> <br />By placing Toussaint Louverture, who initiated the Haitian revolution of 1804, as the main hero of this historical novel, the author carries a powerful message in which he affirms that the desire to restore dignity must become a human passion. It is an obligation of the world leaders to refocus on the fundamental priorities of education, housing, work, safety, health and food, to give hope to the poor in poor countries, and at the same time to eradicate misery on our planet.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-video-id="4kbZnk"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" href="https://independent.academia.edu/video/edit/4kbZnk" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-video-id="4kbZnk">268 views</span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Jean Sénat Fleury</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122126188"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122126188/Abe_Spitzer_Radio_operator_during_the_Hiroshima_bombing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abe, Spitzer Radio operator during the Hiroshima bombing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116853023/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122126188/Abe_Spitzer_Radio_operator_during_the_Hiroshima_bombing">Abe, Spitzer Radio operator during the Hiroshima bombing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f855af309117d635531c27c49e665434" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116853023,"asset_id":122126188,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116853023/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122126188"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122126188"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122126188; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109913047"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109913047/PETRO_CARIBE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PETRO CARIBE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107893967/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109913047/PETRO_CARIBE">PETRO CARIBE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PETRO CARIBE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Le Palais de Justice de Port-au-Prince, un des hauts lieux de l’éloquence et de la culture haïtie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Le Palais de Justice de Port-au-Prince, un des hauts lieux de l’éloquence et de la culture haïtienne, est envahi par une foule enthousiaste qui veut être témoin du déroulement du procès historique appelé « Procès Petrocaribe ». Le rythme de la vie dans tout le pays s’est ralenti. Dans les maisons et dans les rues, le seul événement qui tient la conversation et fait la une de la presse est le procès des accusés impliqués dans le dossier du fonds Petrocaribe. Ce fameux procès dit « le procès du siècle » relègue à l’arrière-plan tous les faits de l’actualité nationale et internationale. <br /><br />      L’événement dépasse en publicité même l’ouverture de la Coupe du Monde de 2026 sur le continent Nord-Américain. Un public nombreux envahit l’enceinte du Palais de Justice. L’assistance composée d’hommes de loi, d’étudiants, d’historiens, de journalistes etc. ne veut rien manquer du déroulement des débats. Dans les quartiers de Port-au-Prince et dans les villes de province, le  gouvernement, en accord avec les municipalités, fait placer des écrans géants à chaque coin de rues pour permettre aux gens de suivre en direct la moindre phase du procès. Plusieurs millions de personnes se montrent intéressées  à connaître les faits.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4ea12635db12d3678aa43319de830a49" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107893967,"asset_id":109913047,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107893967/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109913047"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109913047"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109913047; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107276362"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107276362/LE_PROC%C3%88S_PETRO_CARIBE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LE PROCÈS PETRO-CARIBE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105989285/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107276362/LE_PROC%C3%88S_PETRO_CARIBE">LE PROCÈS PETRO-CARIBE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LE PROCÈS PETRO-CARIBE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> L’affaire est certes d’un intérêt particulier. C’est la première fois que l’on juge équitablemen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">L’affaire est certes d’un intérêt particulier. C’est la première fois que l’on juge équitablement des hauts fonctionnaires de l’État en Haïti pour des actes de corruption. Soixante-quatre personnes inculpées dans la dilapidation des fonds de Petro-caribe, une quinzaine de firmes privées poursuivie pour malversation et blanchiment d’argent dans le dossier, l’affaire dépasse de loin en importance le procès de la Consolidation vieux de 116 ans (1903-1904) lequel, à son époque, avait suscité un immense intérêt.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="45122b2d41c86f91f852c30276b270c3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105989285,"asset_id":107276362,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105989285/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107276362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107276362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107276362; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106975990"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106975990/JAPAN_THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of JAPAN: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105863040/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106975990/JAPAN_THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE">JAPAN: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JAPAN: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Japan: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE is a book of information and training; a reference document...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Japan: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE is a book of information and training; a reference document that I would like to present as an educational tool, not as a catalog of events or an exhaustive profile in malevolent behavior. At minimum, I would like readers to be outraged at the phenomenon of “invasion,” per se.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f2e833f6809d1315f4470f07aecfbc04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105863040,"asset_id":106975990,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105863040/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106975990"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106975990"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106975990; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106455906"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106455906/JJ_Dessalines_Words_from_Beyond_the_Grave"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of JJ Dessalines Words from Beyond the Grave" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105648810/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106455906/JJ_Dessalines_Words_from_Beyond_the_Grave">JJ Dessalines Words from Beyond the Grave</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JJ Dessalines Words from Beyond the Grave</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I can be murdered and maimed. But they can never kill my dream that leaves its roots in the deepe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I can be murdered and maimed. But they can never kill my dream that leaves its roots in the deepest social reality in my country. I have led the fight against semi feudalism, colonialism, and imperialism that stifle the emancipation of peoples in the poor nations of the planet. I have rejected any form of domination from one class to another. That is why I have fought with extreme severity the attitude of the mulattoes who have sought to monopolize all the property of the state. <br /><br />Haitian people, it is the whole of the revolutionary works of my regime that explains that, after so many years, I crystallize in me not only the hostility of the dominant and intellectual classes in Haiti but also, in a more global way, that of the Western bourgeoisie. To punish my action in favor of the demands of the poor peasantry and the popular masses, the dominant classes of Haiti—in complicity with the Western bourgeoisie—want to erase, repress, or at least weaken the memory of the Dessalinian ideals, which are based on the idea of freedom and equality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b92f901c15714bcf296dd3cd00729541" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105648810,"asset_id":106455906,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105648810/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106455906"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106455906"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106455906; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106332174"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106332174/9_11_The_Trial_of_Osama_Ben_Laden"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 9/11: The Trial of Osama Ben Laden" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105558606/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106332174/9_11_The_Trial_of_Osama_Ben_Laden">9/11: The Trial of Osama Ben Laden</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>9/11: The Trial of Osama Ben Laden</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">After the horrific events of 9/11, no one thought the battle between the West and radical Islamic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">After the horrific events of 9/11, no one thought the battle between the West and radical Islamic extremists was going to be fought like a traditional war, but to the extent that we could do so, we did. We tightened our borders, hardened the targets, took off our shoes in airports and sent troops and tanks and drones and special forces to battle foes in Afghanistan and to take out bin Laden in Pakistan. We adapted our laws and intelligence services to make it easier to monitor terrorist cell, sniffing their emails, phone calls and web traffic. And in some cases, this battle against groups that have sponsored terror attacks in the past has succeeded.<br /><br />—Time Life – Inside the Criminal Mind</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c162186654df2d9941b4fb7b74df4075" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105558606,"asset_id":106332174,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105558606/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106332174"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106332174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106332174; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106312852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106312852/THE_TWO_MOST_FAMOUS_TRIALS_IN_HISTORY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE TWO MOST FAMOUS TRIALS IN HISTORY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105544598/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106312852/THE_TWO_MOST_FAMOUS_TRIALS_IN_HISTORY">THE TWO MOST FAMOUS TRIALS IN HISTORY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE TWO MOST FAMOUS TRIALS IN HISTORY</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the winter of 1942, the governments of the Allied powers announced their intent to punish Nazi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the winter of 1942, the governments of the Allied powers announced their intent to punish Nazi war criminals. In October 1943, US president Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Josef Stalin signed the Moscow Declaration. The declaration stated that at the time of an armistice, persons deemed responsible for war crimes would be sent back to those countries in which the crimes had been committed and would be judged according to the laws of the nation concerned. Major war criminals, whose crimes could be assigned no particular geographic location, would be punished by joint decisions of the Allied governments. On August 8, 1945, after the war was over, the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR, and the Provisional Government of the French Republic signed a treaty creating and fixing the statute of the international military tribunal “competent to try and punish all persons who, acting on behalf of the European countries of the Axis, will have committed, individually or as members of organizations, any of the following crimes”: crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. It is on the basis of this treaty that in Nuremberg from November 20, 1945, to October 1, 1946, a lawsuit was brought by the Allied powers against twenty-four of the leading political and military leaders of the Third Reich and against seven Nazi organizations (including elite SS unit and the Gestapo). <br /><br />On August 10, Japan announced that it accepted the terms of the Potsdam Declaration except for the provisions that would target the emperor. On August 14, Japan announced its full acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration. The following day, Emperor Hirohito via the radio addressed the Japanese nation. On August 25, 1945, the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) published its recommendations on the prosecution of Japanese war criminals in a document entitled “Draft Summary of Recommendations on Japanese War Crimes and Atrocities.”<br /><br />A total of twenty-four accused and eight organizations were tried for conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2d8d39d4486bd6e138c9ce168233e78e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105544598,"asset_id":106312852,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105544598/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106312852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106312852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106312852; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106202033"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106202033/A_HISTORY_OF_THE_HOLOCAUST"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105460228/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106202033/A_HISTORY_OF_THE_HOLOCAUST">A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Hitler played a role in the extermination of the millions of mainly Jewish victims in exterminati...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Hitler played a role in the extermination of the millions of mainly Jewish victims in extermination camps, the largest of which were located in the part of Poland occupied by the Germans, including Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka. It has been estimated that between 15 and 20 million people were imprisoned in a total of twenty thousand concentration camps in Germany and the occupied territories. <br /><br />At the beginning of the deportations, the anti-Semitic ideologist Gino Sottochiesa, famous for his campaigns since the late 1930s, a follower of Hitler’s doctrine, had urged anyone with doubts about the presence of Jews in his community to not hesitate to take actions. <br /><br />“We have to hunt them down without pity and without pause, because they represent the most serious threat of the present time, in which the Fatherland must wipe out all of its enemies.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b46f26cb892c6080f02db365cfa67cc6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105460228,"asset_id":106202033,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105460228/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106202033"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106202033"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106202033; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106113283"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113283/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105395980/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113283/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">La Montée et la Chute de l ’Empire Japonais décrit l’ouverture du Japon à la modernisation avec l...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">La Montée et la Chute de l ’Empire Japonais décrit l’ouverture du Japon à la modernisation avec l’arrivée en 1853 du commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry dans le pays. Le livre détaille l’histoire des guerres lancées par l’empereur Meiji et l’empereur Hirohito pour construire l’empire du Japon au cours du XIXe et du XXe siècle. <br /><br />Dans la deuxième partie, le livre décrit le sort du Japon après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En effet, tout de suite après la capitulation, sous le leadership américain, une période d’occupation s’est installée. En 1947, une nouvelle Constitution a été promulguée. Ce document juridique a scellé officiellement la chute de l’empire japonais.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc0fdc09b96aa214fff4c7530e0da57c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105395980,"asset_id":106113283,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105395980/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106113283"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106113283"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106113283; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106113108"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113108/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105395847/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113108/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE">THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Japan: The Rise and Fall of an Empire covers many decades of Japanese Empire history. The book id...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Japan: The Rise and Fall of an Empire covers many decades of Japanese Empire history. The book identifies the beliefs, the policies, and the practices of the Japanese from 1853 to the Pacific War. It describes Japan’s opening to modernization with the 1853 arrival of commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry in the country, and details the wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.<br /><br />The book exposes the expansionist policy practiced by Japan at the end of the 19th century and during the first period of the 20th century. Indeed, since the adoption of the Meiji Constitution in 1889 and the first period of the Shōwa era (1927–1945), the military has controlled Japan’s constitutional government. The result has been years of political instability, with more internal strife, violence, killings, assassinations, foreign aggression, and war crimes.<br /><br />The book demonstrates how in Japan during the Pacific War, the real war’s engine was the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. Hirohito, as supreme commander, gave his full support to this war. <br /><br />Japan: The Rise and Fall of an Empire must be read as an educational tool on the history of the modernization of Japan that started with the 1853 arrival of commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry in the country. It details the expansionist wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito between 1905 and 1942 to build their empire. Finally, the book studies the various stages for Japan to become an Empire. It began with Japan’s First War against China (1894–1895), Japan’s War against Russia (1904–1905), the attack by the Japanese troops on the Asian American fleet at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, to end with the entry of Japan into World War II.<br /><br />In the second part, the book describes what happened to Japan after WW2. After a period of occupation, in 1947 a new constitution was enacted, officially bringing the Empire of Japan to an end.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="461da076de425a914d0e1a228e8a843f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105395847,"asset_id":106113108,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105395847/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106113108"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>日本：一个帝国的兴衰</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國數十年的歷史。它確定了從 1853 年到太平洋戰爭期間日本人的信仰、政策和實踐。它描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後日本走向現代化的歷程，並詳細介紹了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 19 世紀和 20 世紀發動的戰爭。<br /><br />          該書揭露了日本在19世紀末和20世紀初期所實行的擴張主義政策。事實上，自 1889 年明治憲法通過和昭和時代初期（1927-1945 年）以來，軍隊一直控制著日本的憲政政府。結果是多年的政治不穩定，內亂、暴力、殺戮、暗殺、外國侵略和戰爭罪行增多。<br /><br />        這本書展示了太平洋戰爭期間的日本，真正的戰爭引擎是日本帝國陸軍和日本帝國海軍。作為最高統帥的裕仁天皇對這場戰爭給予了全力支持。<br /><br />      《日本：帝國的崛起》必須被視為一部關於日本現代化史的教育工具，該史始於 1853 年海軍準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本。它詳細描述了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 1905 年至 1942 年間為建立帝國而發動的擴張主義戰爭。最後，本書研究了日本成為帝國的各個階段。它始於日本第一次對華戰爭（1894-1895）、日本對俄戰爭（1904-1905）、1941年12月7日日本軍隊襲擊珍珠港的亞裔美國艦隊，結束於日本的進入。日本捲入第二次世界大戰。<br /><br />本书的第二部分《日本：帝国的衰落》描述了二战后日本所发生的事情。随后一段时期被盟军占领。 1947年，在美国的参与下，颁布了新宪法，正式结束了日本帝国。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3d2aa272a2ff3b9f81defa7a2f372e3c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105377726,"asset_id":106088191,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105377726/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner 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흥망성쇠</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>일본 : 제국의 흥망성쇠</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019년에 쇼와 시대 (1927~1945) 의 첫 번째 기간 동안 히로히토의 책임에 대해 본질적으로 "일화적 전기" 에 대한 역사 책이 출판된 후, 저는 이제 일본: 제국의...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019년에 쇼와 시대 (1927~1945) 의 첫 번째 기간 동안 히로히토의 책임에 대해 본질적으로 "일화적 전기" 에 대한 역사 책이 출판된 후, 저는 이제 일본: 제국의 부상이라는 제목의 논픽션 책을. 이 책은 수십 년간의 일본 제국 역사를 다루고 있습니다. 1853년부터 태평양 전쟁까지 일본인의 신념, 정책 및 관행을 식별합니다. 1853년 매튜 캘브레이스 페리 제독이 일본에 도착하면서 일본이 근대화를 시작한 것을 설명하고 19세기와 20세기 동안 메이지 천황과 히로히토 천황이 시작한 전쟁에 대해 자세히 설명합니다. <br /><br />      이 책은 19세기 말과 20세기 초 일본이 시행한 팽창주의 정책을 폭로한다. 실제로 1889년 메이지 헌법이 채택되고 쇼와 시대 (1927~1945) 의 첫 번째 시기 (1927~1945) 이후 군부가 일본의 입헌 정부를 통제해 왔습니다. 그 결과 더 많은 내부 분쟁, 폭력, 살인, 암살, 외세의 침략, 전쟁 범죄와 함께 정치적 불안정이 수년간 지속되었습니다.<br /><br />      이 책은 태평양 전쟁 중 일본에서 어떻게 실제 전쟁의 엔진이 일본 제국군과 일본 제국 해군이었는지를 보여줍니다. 총사령관인 히로히토는 이 전쟁을 전폭적으로 지원했다. <br /><br />    일본: 제국의 부상은 1853년 매튜 캘브레이스 페리 제독이 일본에 도착하면서 시작된 일본 근대화의 역사에 대한 교육 도구로 읽어야 합니다. 1905년에서 1942년 사이에 메이지 천황과 히로히토 천황이 제국을 건설하기 위해 시작한 확장 전쟁을 자세히 설명합니다. 마지막으로 이 책은 일본이 제국이 되기까지의 다양한 단계를 연구합니다. 1941년 12월 7일 진주만에서 아시아계 미국인 함대에 대한 일본군의 공격으로 시작된 일본의 제1차 중국 전쟁 (1894–1895), 일본의 러시아 전쟁 (1904–1905), 일본은 제2차 세계 대전에 참전.<br /><br />일본: 제국의 몰락은 제2차 세계대전 이후 일본에 일어난 일을 묘사합니다. 연합군의 점령 기간이 이어졌습니다. 1947년 미국의 개입으로 새로운 헌법이 제정되어 공식적으로 일본 제국을 종식시켰습니다.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd7beaa890956b3566e47631ef69ff80" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105369418,"asset_id":106076849,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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帝国の興亡</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019 年に出版された、昭和初期 (1927 ～ 1945 年) における裕仁の責任に関する歴史書は、本質的には「エピソード伝記」ですが、その後、ノンフィクションの本、『Japan: The ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年に出版された、昭和初期 (1927 ～ 1945 年) における裕仁の責任に関する歴史書は、本質的には「エピソード伝記」ですが、その後、ノンフィクションの本、『Japan: The Rise of an Empire』を出版しています。この本は、何十年にもわたる大日本帝国の歴史をカバーしています。1853 年から太平洋戦争までの日本人の信念、政策、慣行を特定します。1853年に提督マシュー・カルブレイス・ペリーが日本に到着したことで日本の近代化が始まったことを説明し、19世紀から20世紀にかけて明治天皇と裕仁天皇によって開始された戦争について詳しく説明しています。<br /><br />      この本は、19 世紀末から 20 世紀初頭にかけて日本が実施した拡張主義政策を暴露しています。実際、1889 年に明治憲法が採択されてから昭和初期 (1927 年から 1945 年) にかけて、軍は日本の立憲政府を支配してきました。その結果、内戦、暴力、殺害、暗殺、外国からの侵略、戦争犯罪が増加し、何年にもわたる政治的不安定が続いています。<br /><br />      この本は、太平洋戦争中の日本で、実際の戦争の原動力が大日本帝国陸軍と大日本帝国海軍であったことを示しています。裕仁は最高司令官として軍を全面的に支援した. 何度か、彼は政府の政策を承認しました。彼は戦争と、中国や他の国で日本軍が犯した残虐行為の責任を負っているだけではありません。彼の帝国は細菌学的研究を生み出し、世界がそれまで成文化してきた個人と集団の自由、共存、多様性、自己決定の原則に違反した。<br /><br />      日本: 帝国の台頭は、日本の近代化の歴史に関する教育ツールとして読まなければなりません。この本は、日本が帝国になるためのさまざまな段階を研究しています。 1941 年 12 月 7 日の真珠湾でのアジア系アメリカ人艦隊への攻撃、1941 年 12 月 7 日の対ロシア戦争 (1904 年 - 1905 年) に始まり、日本が世界大戦に参戦することで終結した。<br /><br />日本：帝国の崩壊は、第二次世界大戦後の日本に何が起こったかを説明しています。連合国による占領期間が続きました。1947 年、アメリカの関与により、新しい憲法が制定され、大日本帝国は正式に終焉を迎えました。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7390d6316af3a3d7167a46eeed5576c9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105369326,"asset_id":106076694,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105369326/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa 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몰락</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">역사에 대한 열정을 가진 전직 판사인 Jean Sénat Fleury는 아이티에서 태어나 현재 보스턴에 거주하고 있습니다. 그는 여러 역사 책을 썼습니다. 일본: 제국의 몰락...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">역사에 대한 열정을 가진 전직 판사인 Jean Sénat Fleury는 아이티에서 태어나 현재 보스턴에 거주하고 있습니다. 그는 여러 역사 책을 썼습니다. 일본: 제국의 몰락은 제2차 세계대전 이후 일본에 일어난 일을 묘사합니다. 연합군의 점령 기간이 이어졌습니다. 1947년 미국의 개입으로 새로운 헌법이 제정되어 공식적으로 일본 제국을 종식시켰습니다.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95af26fbf63099bcfb6289d8024eb541" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JAPAN: THE RISE OF AN EMPIRE (CHINESE VERSION)</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國數十年的歷史。它確定了從 1853 年到太平洋戰爭期間日本人的信仰、政策和實踐。它描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後日本走向現代化的歷程，並詳細介紹了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 19 世紀和 20 世紀發動的戰爭。<br /><br />          該書揭露了日本在19世紀末和20世紀初期所實行的擴張主義政策。事實上，自 1889 年明治憲法通過和昭和時代初期（1927-1945 年）以來，軍隊一直控制著日本的憲政政府。結果是多年的政治不穩定，內亂、暴力、殺戮、暗殺、外國侵略和戰爭罪行增多。<br /><br />        這本書展示了太平洋戰爭期間的日本，真正的戰爭引擎是日本帝國陸軍和日本帝國海軍。作為最高統帥的裕仁天皇對這場戰爭給予了全力支持。<br /><br />      《日本：帝國的崛起》必須被視為一部關於日本現代化史的教育工具，該史始於 1853 年海軍準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本。它詳細描述了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 1905 年至 1942 年間為建立帝國而發動的擴張主義戰爭。最後，本書研究了日本成為帝國的各個階段。它始於日本第一次對華戰爭（1894-1895）、日本對俄戰爭（1904-1905）、1941年12月7日日本軍隊襲擊珍珠港的亞裔美國艦隊，結束於日本的進入。日本捲入第二次世界大戰。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="20ae8994b7e8121460b8593940b1b787" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104590166,"asset_id":105019865,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104590166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>日本帝國的崛起</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">讓·塞納特·弗勒里 (Jean Sénat Fleury) 出生於海地，目前居住在波士頓，曾任法官，對歷史充滿熱情。他寫了幾本歷史書。《日本：帝國的崛起》描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">讓·塞納特·弗勒里 (Jean Sénat Fleury) 出生於海地，目前居住在波士頓，曾任法官，對歷史充滿熱情。他寫了幾本歷史書。《日本：帝國的崛起》描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後，日本走向現代化的歷程。該書詳細介紹了十九世紀和二十世紀明治天皇和裕仁天皇為建立日本帝國而發動的戰爭歷史。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59ec8f6ccb398851022be14c49c754ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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帝國的崛起</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> 2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國數十年的歷史。它確定了從 1853 年到太平洋戰爭期間日本人的信仰、政策和實踐。它描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後日本走向現代化的歷程，並詳細介紹了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 19 世紀和 20 世紀發動的戰爭。<br /><br />          該書揭露了日本在19世紀末和20世紀初期所實行的擴張主義政策。事實上，自 1889 年明治憲法通過和昭和時代初期（1927-1945 年）以來，軍隊一直控制著日本的憲政政府。結果是多年的政治不穩定，內亂、暴力、殺戮、暗殺、外國侵略和戰爭罪行增多。<br /><br />        這本書展示了太平洋戰爭期間的日本，真正的戰爭引擎是日本帝國陸軍和日本帝國海軍。作為最高統帥的裕仁天皇對這場戰爭給予了全力支持。<br /><br />      《日本：帝國的崛起》必須被視為一部關於日本現代化史的教育工具，該史始於 1853 年海軍準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本。它詳細描述了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 1905 年至 1942 年間為建立帝國而發動的擴張主義戰爭。最後，本書研究了日本成為帝國的各個階段。它始於日本第一次對華戰爭（1894-1895）、日本對俄戰爭（1904-1905）、1941年12月7日日本軍隊襲擊珍珠港的亞裔美國艦隊，結束於日本的進入。日本捲入第二次世界大戰。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bd6cb4a6a4b495795b03930097d25d6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104538422,"asset_id":104947746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104538422/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104947746"><a 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this, workJSON: {"id":104947746,"title":"日本 : 帝國的崛起","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104947746/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC_%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104328731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104328731/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%B2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89_1904_1905_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 日露戦争 (1904-1905)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104088515/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104328731/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%B2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89_1904_1905_">日露戦争 (1904-1905)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>日露戦争 (1904-1905)</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">日露戦争を理解するには、1895 年の中国に対する勝利以降、日本が国際情勢で果たした新たな役割に焦点を当てる必要があります。1895 年以来、日本はアジアで最も強力で最も成功した陸海軍を擁してい...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">日露戦争を理解するには、1895 年の中国に対する勝利以降、日本が国際情勢で果たした新たな役割に焦点を当てる必要があります。1895 年以来、日本はアジアで最も強力で最も成功した陸海軍を擁していました。中国に対する勝利（1894～1895年）の後、日本は1904年に満州と朝鮮の征服のためにロシアと戦争をすることを決定した。<br /><br />        1904年2月8日、日本とロシアの交渉が決裂した後、日本海軍は旅順でロシア東方艦隊を攻撃した。同日、日本はロシアに対して正式に宣戦布告した。東郷平八郎提督が指揮する大日本帝国海軍は、ロシア海軍艦艇を攻撃するために魚雷艇を派遣し、ツェサレヴィチ、レトビザン、パラダの3隻に重大な損害を与えた。1904 年 4 月 12 日、日本軍の攻撃を回避しようとしたロシアの戦艦 2 隻は無傷で逃れられませんでした。日本の魚雷艇によりペトロパブロフスク号が沈没し、ポベダ号は大破して旅順に帰還しました。<br /><br />      1904年8月、旅順の艦隊を支援するために派遣されたロシア北部の部隊は、黄海海戦（1904年8月10日）、蔚山海戦（1904年8月14日）、海戦という一連の戦いで日本軍に敗北した。コルサコフの戦い（1904年8月20日）、遼陽の戦い（1904年8月24日）、沙湖の戦い（1904年10月5日～17日）、三徳浦の戦い（1905年1月25日～29日）、奉天の戦い（2月20日～） 1905 年 3 月 10 日）、日本海海戦（1905 年 5 月 27 ～ 28 日）。1905 年半ばまでに、日本海軍はロシアの太平洋艦隊のすべての艦船を沈めました。敵対関係は、アメリカ大統領セオドア・ルーズベルトの仲介によるポーツマス条約で終結し、1905年9月5日に署名された。<br /><br />      日露戦争 (1904 年から 1905 年) に関する本は、著者らに、太平洋地域における敵対関係の形成における日露戦争の影響について広く考えるよう促しています。分析はアメリカのアジア戦隊によるスペイン太平洋艦隊の破壊から始まり、日露戦争終結から5年後の1910年の日本による韓国併合まで続く。<br /><br />      1898年、カリブ海を制圧し、キューバを勢力下に置くというアメリカの野望により、アメリカとスペインの間で戦争が勃発した。1898 年 4 月 25 日、米国はスペインに対して宣戦布告しました。敵対行為中の1898年5月1日、USSメインがハバナ港で爆発してからわずか10日後、ジョージ・デューイ提督率いるアメリカ・アジア戦隊は香港の基地からフィリピン諸島のマニラ湾に向かった。そこでスペインの太平洋艦隊を探し出して撃沈した。最初の海軍交戦では、合計 1,875 人のスペイン人水兵のうち 167 人が死亡、214 人が負傷した。アメリカ軍には戦闘員1,748名中死者は出ず、負傷者はわずか7名であった。この勝利の結果、アメリカはスペインからフィリピンを奪い、オランダ領東インドに次ぐこの地域で二番目に大きな群島を獲得した。この征服により、米国は日本の南の隣国となり、地域的なライバルとなった。<br /><br />      1905年以来、大東アジア問題における両国の立場、特に日露戦争での日本の勝利後の韓国とフィリピンの立場について、日米両国の当局者の間で一連の議論と会合が開催された。 1905 年 7 月 27 日、両国は合意に達しました。米国は朝鮮における日本の勢力圏を承認しました。その代わりに、日本はフィリピンにおける米国の勢力圏を認めた。この協定は、アメリカ合衆国陸軍長官ウィリアム・ハワード・タフトと日本の桂太郎伯爵によって署名された。タフト・桂協定の下では、日本は韓国を支配し、フィリピンには手を出さないことになっていた。<br /><br />      タフト・桂協定から5年後の1910年8月22日、日本は韓国を併合した。韓国首相の葉完用と日本の初代朝鮮総督となった寺内正毅は「日韓併合条約」に署名した。この条約により、韓国の高宗皇帝はその称号を失った。新たに「徳寿名誉李王」を賜り、日本の皇室の一員として認められた。<br />        韓国併合後、第一次世界大戦によって日本はより多くの領土を獲得する機会が与えられました。国際連盟の委任により、東京はドイツ植民地青島の一時的な指揮権を与えられました。その後、日本はパラオ、北マリアナ諸島のサイパン、テニアン、ロタ、さらにはマーシャル諸島のトラック礁やクェゼリンなど、ドイツの旧南太平洋領土の多くを支配下に置いた。<br /><br />      西半球の大国、特に米国、英国、フランスとの競争における日本人の帝国主義的行動が、太平洋戦争（1941年～1945年）開始の主な理由となった。1941年の夏までに、日本はナチスによるフランス政府の打倒と、傀儡のヴィシー政権によるそれに取って代わられたことを利用した。彼らはベトナム、カンボジア、ラオスを征服して帝国を拡大しました。その後数カ月にわたり、日本の太平洋領土の征服は段階的に続いた。1941 年 12 月 7 日、日本空軍は米国領土ハワイのオアフ島にある米海軍基地を奇襲攻撃しました。<br /><br />      真珠湾の翌日、日本軍は香港を攻撃し、2日後には英国の主力軍艦2隻、プリンス・オブ・ウェールズと巡洋艦レパルスを沈没させた。同日、山下中将率いる日本軍がマレーとタイの国境にあるコタバルに上陸した。数の点で劣っていたにも関わらず、日本軍は連合軍をどんどん押し進め、ついにシンガポールまで撤退した。フィリピンへの侵攻は、真珠湾攻撃の10時間後の1941年12月8日に始まりました。マッカーサー将軍率いる抵抗にもかかわらず、12月10日、日本軍が同国に上陸した。さらに南西太平洋に進出し、日本軍はオランダ領インド諸島のジャワ島を占領し、続いてニューブリテン島のラバウルにあるオーストラリアの海軍と空軍基地を占領した。日本軍もタイに侵攻し、米国と英国に宣戦布告するよう指導者に圧力をかけた。<br /><br />      エスプリの影響を最大限に受け、ロシアと日本の政治を徹底的にコメントし、ロシアの政治と戦略を強化し、日本とロシアの軍事力を強化し、極端な政治拡大を目指します。 -オリエント。日本は近代においてヨーロッパの大国を破った最初のアジアの大国となった。日露戦争は情報と訓練の本です。著者が教育ツールとして提示する参考資料。少なくとも、著者は読者が戦争の結果、特に生計手段とインフラストラクチャー（給水と交通システム、性暴力、飢餓）の破壊に激怒することを望んでいます。この本からの著者のメッセージはシンプルです。「戦争に真の勝者は存在しない。関係者全員が常に双方に多数の死傷者を出し、その結果に苦しまなければならないからだ。」<br /><br />      これらすべてを念頭に置いて、日露戦争に関するこの本は、ロシアが戦術的にも戦略的にもどのようにして戦争に負けたか、そして日本が極東におけるロシアの拡張主義政策をどのように止めたかを探ります。日本は近代においてヨーロッパの大国を破った最初のアジアの大国となった。日露戦争は情報と訓練の本です。著者が教材として提示した参考資料。少なくとも著者は、読者が戦争の結果、特に生計とインフラ（水道と交通システム、性暴力、飢餓）の破壊に激怒することを望んでいる。この本からの著者のメッセージはシンプルです。「戦争に真の勝者は存在しない。なぜなら、すべての当事者が常に双方に多大な死傷者を出し、その結果に苦しまなければならないからである。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="746ec40db51be3a946bc9cf855cdc21d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104088515,"asset_id":104328731,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104088515/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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帝国の台頭</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">歴史に情熱を注ぐ元判事のジャン・セナ・フルーリーはハイチ生まれで、現在ボストンに住んでいます。彼はいくつかの歴史的な本を書きました。『日本: 帝国の勃興』では、1853 年のマシュー・カルブレイ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">歴史に情熱を注ぐ元判事のジャン・セナ・フルーリーはハイチ生まれで、現在ボストンに住んでいます。彼はいくつかの歴史的な本を書きました。『日本: 帝国の勃興』では、1853 年のマシュー・カルブレイス・ペリー提督の来航により日本の近代化が始まったことが描かれています。この本は、19 世紀と 20 世紀に大日本帝国を建設するために明治天皇と裕仁天皇が始めた戦争の歴史を詳しく説明しています。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2742d28894fb795ddce97e9f095e5dd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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/><img alt="Play" class="play-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/video-play-icon.svg" /><div class="video-duration">03:00</div></div></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" href="https://www.academia.edu/video/4kbZnk">Watch New Movie Trailers Based on Jean Sénat Fleury’s fiction book: TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE: THE TRIAL OF THE SLAVE TRAFFICKING </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Toussaint Louverture: The Trial of the Slave Trafficking Jean Sénat Fleury Written at a t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Toussaint Louverture: The Trial of the Slave Trafficking <br /> <br />Jean Sénat Fleury <br /> <br />Written at a time when discrimination and racism are the most serious scourge facing modern society today, the book Toussaint Louverture: The Trial Of The Slave Trafficking comes at the right moment to awaken the global conscience on the wrongs of slavery and the need to fight this evil that threatens to appear in its ugly form in the sixteenth century. <br /> <br />By placing Toussaint Louverture, who initiated the Haitian revolution of 1804, as the main hero of this historical novel, the author carries a powerful message in which he affirms that the desire to restore dignity must become a human passion. It is an obligation of the world leaders to refocus on the fundamental priorities of education, housing, work, safety, health and food, to give hope to the poor in poor countries, and at the same time to eradicate misery on our planet.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-video-id="4kbZnk"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" href="https://independent.academia.edu/video/edit/4kbZnk" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-video-id="4kbZnk">268 views</span></span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10808488" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122126188"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122126188/Abe_Spitzer_Radio_operator_during_the_Hiroshima_bombing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abe, Spitzer Radio operator during the Hiroshima bombing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116853023/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122126188/Abe_Spitzer_Radio_operator_during_the_Hiroshima_bombing">Abe, Spitzer Radio operator during the Hiroshima bombing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f855af309117d635531c27c49e665434" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116853023,"asset_id":122126188,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116853023/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122126188"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122126188"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122126188; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109913047"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109913047/PETRO_CARIBE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PETRO CARIBE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107893967/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109913047/PETRO_CARIBE">PETRO CARIBE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PETRO CARIBE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Le Palais de Justice de Port-au-Prince, un des hauts lieux de l’éloquence et de la culture haïtie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Le Palais de Justice de Port-au-Prince, un des hauts lieux de l’éloquence et de la culture haïtienne, est envahi par une foule enthousiaste qui veut être témoin du déroulement du procès historique appelé « Procès Petrocaribe ». Le rythme de la vie dans tout le pays s’est ralenti. Dans les maisons et dans les rues, le seul événement qui tient la conversation et fait la une de la presse est le procès des accusés impliqués dans le dossier du fonds Petrocaribe. Ce fameux procès dit « le procès du siècle » relègue à l’arrière-plan tous les faits de l’actualité nationale et internationale. <br /><br />      L’événement dépasse en publicité même l’ouverture de la Coupe du Monde de 2026 sur le continent Nord-Américain. Un public nombreux envahit l’enceinte du Palais de Justice. L’assistance composée d’hommes de loi, d’étudiants, d’historiens, de journalistes etc. ne veut rien manquer du déroulement des débats. Dans les quartiers de Port-au-Prince et dans les villes de province, le  gouvernement, en accord avec les municipalités, fait placer des écrans géants à chaque coin de rues pour permettre aux gens de suivre en direct la moindre phase du procès. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107276362"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107276362/LE_PROC%C3%88S_PETRO_CARIBE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LE PROCÈS PETRO-CARIBE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105989285/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107276362/LE_PROC%C3%88S_PETRO_CARIBE">LE PROCÈS PETRO-CARIBE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LE PROCÈS PETRO-CARIBE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> L’affaire est certes d’un intérêt particulier. C’est la première fois que l’on juge équitablemen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">L’affaire est certes d’un intérêt particulier. C’est la première fois que l’on juge équitablement des hauts fonctionnaires de l’État en Haïti pour des actes de corruption. Soixante-quatre personnes inculpées dans la dilapidation des fonds de Petro-caribe, une quinzaine de firmes privées poursuivie pour malversation et blanchiment d’argent dans le dossier, l’affaire dépasse de loin en importance le procès de la Consolidation vieux de 116 ans (1903-1904) lequel, à son époque, avait suscité un immense intérêt.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="45122b2d41c86f91f852c30276b270c3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105989285,"asset_id":107276362,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105989285/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107276362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107276362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107276362; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106975990"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106975990/JAPAN_THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of JAPAN: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105863040/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106975990/JAPAN_THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE">JAPAN: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JAPAN: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Japan: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE is a book of information and training; a reference document...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Japan: THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE is a book of information and training; a reference document that I would like to present as an educational tool, not as a catalog of events or an exhaustive profile in malevolent behavior. At minimum, I would like readers to be outraged at the phenomenon of “invasion,” per se.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f2e833f6809d1315f4470f07aecfbc04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105863040,"asset_id":106975990,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105863040/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106975990"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106975990"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106975990; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106455906"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106455906/JJ_Dessalines_Words_from_Beyond_the_Grave"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of JJ Dessalines Words from Beyond the Grave" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105648810/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106455906/JJ_Dessalines_Words_from_Beyond_the_Grave">JJ Dessalines Words from Beyond the Grave</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JJ Dessalines Words from Beyond the Grave</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I can be murdered and maimed. But they can never kill my dream that leaves its roots in the deepe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I can be murdered and maimed. But they can never kill my dream that leaves its roots in the deepest social reality in my country. I have led the fight against semi feudalism, colonialism, and imperialism that stifle the emancipation of peoples in the poor nations of the planet. I have rejected any form of domination from one class to another. That is why I have fought with extreme severity the attitude of the mulattoes who have sought to monopolize all the property of the state. <br /><br />Haitian people, it is the whole of the revolutionary works of my regime that explains that, after so many years, I crystallize in me not only the hostility of the dominant and intellectual classes in Haiti but also, in a more global way, that of the Western bourgeoisie. To punish my action in favor of the demands of the poor peasantry and the popular masses, the dominant classes of Haiti—in complicity with the Western bourgeoisie—want to erase, repress, or at least weaken the memory of the Dessalinian ideals, which are based on the idea of freedom and equality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b92f901c15714bcf296dd3cd00729541" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105648810,"asset_id":106455906,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105648810/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106455906"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106455906"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106455906; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106332174"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106332174/9_11_The_Trial_of_Osama_Ben_Laden"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 9/11: The Trial of Osama Ben Laden" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105558606/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106332174/9_11_The_Trial_of_Osama_Ben_Laden">9/11: The Trial of Osama Ben Laden</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>9/11: The Trial of Osama Ben Laden</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">After the horrific events of 9/11, no one thought the battle between the West and radical Islamic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">After the horrific events of 9/11, no one thought the battle between the West and radical Islamic extremists was going to be fought like a traditional war, but to the extent that we could do so, we did. We tightened our borders, hardened the targets, took off our shoes in airports and sent troops and tanks and drones and special forces to battle foes in Afghanistan and to take out bin Laden in Pakistan. We adapted our laws and intelligence services to make it easier to monitor terrorist cell, sniffing their emails, phone calls and web traffic. And in some cases, this battle against groups that have sponsored terror attacks in the past has succeeded.<br /><br />—Time Life – Inside the Criminal Mind</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c162186654df2d9941b4fb7b74df4075" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105558606,"asset_id":106332174,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105558606/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106332174"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106332174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106332174; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106312852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106312852/THE_TWO_MOST_FAMOUS_TRIALS_IN_HISTORY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE TWO MOST FAMOUS TRIALS IN HISTORY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105544598/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106312852/THE_TWO_MOST_FAMOUS_TRIALS_IN_HISTORY">THE TWO MOST FAMOUS TRIALS IN HISTORY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE TWO MOST FAMOUS TRIALS IN HISTORY</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the winter of 1942, the governments of the Allied powers announced their intent to punish Nazi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the winter of 1942, the governments of the Allied powers announced their intent to punish Nazi war criminals. In October 1943, US president Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Josef Stalin signed the Moscow Declaration. The declaration stated that at the time of an armistice, persons deemed responsible for war crimes would be sent back to those countries in which the crimes had been committed and would be judged according to the laws of the nation concerned. Major war criminals, whose crimes could be assigned no particular geographic location, would be punished by joint decisions of the Allied governments. On August 8, 1945, after the war was over, the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR, and the Provisional Government of the French Republic signed a treaty creating and fixing the statute of the international military tribunal “competent to try and punish all persons who, acting on behalf of the European countries of the Axis, will have committed, individually or as members of organizations, any of the following crimes”: crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. It is on the basis of this treaty that in Nuremberg from November 20, 1945, to October 1, 1946, a lawsuit was brought by the Allied powers against twenty-four of the leading political and military leaders of the Third Reich and against seven Nazi organizations (including elite SS unit and the Gestapo). <br /><br />On August 10, Japan announced that it accepted the terms of the Potsdam Declaration except for the provisions that would target the emperor. On August 14, Japan announced its full acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration. The following day, Emperor Hirohito via the radio addressed the Japanese nation. On August 25, 1945, the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) published its recommendations on the prosecution of Japanese war criminals in a document entitled “Draft Summary of Recommendations on Japanese War Crimes and Atrocities.”<br /><br />A total of twenty-four accused and eight organizations were tried for conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2d8d39d4486bd6e138c9ce168233e78e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105544598,"asset_id":106312852,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105544598/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106312852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106312852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106312852; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106202033"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106202033/A_HISTORY_OF_THE_HOLOCAUST"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105460228/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106202033/A_HISTORY_OF_THE_HOLOCAUST">A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Hitler played a role in the extermination of the millions of mainly Jewish victims in exterminati...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Hitler played a role in the extermination of the millions of mainly Jewish victims in extermination camps, the largest of which were located in the part of Poland occupied by the Germans, including Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka. It has been estimated that between 15 and 20 million people were imprisoned in a total of twenty thousand concentration camps in Germany and the occupied territories. <br /><br />At the beginning of the deportations, the anti-Semitic ideologist Gino Sottochiesa, famous for his campaigns since the late 1930s, a follower of Hitler’s doctrine, had urged anyone with doubts about the presence of Jews in his community to not hesitate to take actions. <br /><br />“We have to hunt them down without pity and without pause, because they represent the most serious threat of the present time, in which the Fatherland must wipe out all of its enemies.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b46f26cb892c6080f02db365cfa67cc6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105460228,"asset_id":106202033,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105460228/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106202033"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106202033"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106202033; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106113283"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113283/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105395980/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113283/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">La Montée et la Chute de l ’Empire Japonais décrit l’ouverture du Japon à la modernisation avec l...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">La Montée et la Chute de l ’Empire Japonais décrit l’ouverture du Japon à la modernisation avec l’arrivée en 1853 du commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry dans le pays. Le livre détaille l’histoire des guerres lancées par l’empereur Meiji et l’empereur Hirohito pour construire l’empire du Japon au cours du XIXe et du XXe siècle. <br /><br />Dans la deuxième partie, le livre décrit le sort du Japon après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En effet, tout de suite après la capitulation, sous le leadership américain, une période d’occupation s’est installée. En 1947, une nouvelle Constitution a été promulguée. Ce document juridique a scellé officiellement la chute de l’empire japonais.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc0fdc09b96aa214fff4c7530e0da57c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105395980,"asset_id":106113283,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105395980/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106113283"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106113283"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106113283; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106113108"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113108/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105395847/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106113108/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_AN_EMPIRE">THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Japan: The Rise and Fall of an Empire covers many decades of Japanese Empire history. The book id...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Japan: The Rise and Fall of an Empire covers many decades of Japanese Empire history. The book identifies the beliefs, the policies, and the practices of the Japanese from 1853 to the Pacific War. It describes Japan’s opening to modernization with the 1853 arrival of commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry in the country, and details the wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.<br /><br />The book exposes the expansionist policy practiced by Japan at the end of the 19th century and during the first period of the 20th century. Indeed, since the adoption of the Meiji Constitution in 1889 and the first period of the Shōwa era (1927–1945), the military has controlled Japan’s constitutional government. The result has been years of political instability, with more internal strife, violence, killings, assassinations, foreign aggression, and war crimes.<br /><br />The book demonstrates how in Japan during the Pacific War, the real war’s engine was the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. Hirohito, as supreme commander, gave his full support to this war. <br /><br />Japan: The Rise and Fall of an Empire must be read as an educational tool on the history of the modernization of Japan that started with the 1853 arrival of commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry in the country. It details the expansionist wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito between 1905 and 1942 to build their empire. Finally, the book studies the various stages for Japan to become an Empire. It began with Japan’s First War against China (1894–1895), Japan’s War against Russia (1904–1905), the attack by the Japanese troops on the Asian American fleet at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, to end with the entry of Japan into World War II.<br /><br />In the second part, the book describes what happened to Japan after WW2. After a period of occupation, in 1947 a new constitution was enacted, officially bringing the Empire of Japan to an end.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="461da076de425a914d0e1a228e8a843f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105395847,"asset_id":106113108,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105395847/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106113108"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>日本：一个帝国的兴衰</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國數十年的歷史。它確定了從 1853 年到太平洋戰爭期間日本人的信仰、政策和實踐。它描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後日本走向現代化的歷程，並詳細介紹了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 19 世紀和 20 世紀發動的戰爭。<br /><br />          該書揭露了日本在19世紀末和20世紀初期所實行的擴張主義政策。事實上，自 1889 年明治憲法通過和昭和時代初期（1927-1945 年）以來，軍隊一直控制著日本的憲政政府。結果是多年的政治不穩定，內亂、暴力、殺戮、暗殺、外國侵略和戰爭罪行增多。<br /><br />        這本書展示了太平洋戰爭期間的日本，真正的戰爭引擎是日本帝國陸軍和日本帝國海軍。作為最高統帥的裕仁天皇對這場戰爭給予了全力支持。<br /><br />      《日本：帝國的崛起》必須被視為一部關於日本現代化史的教育工具，該史始於 1853 年海軍準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本。它詳細描述了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 1905 年至 1942 年間為建立帝國而發動的擴張主義戰爭。最後，本書研究了日本成為帝國的各個階段。它始於日本第一次對華戰爭（1894-1895）、日本對俄戰爭（1904-1905）、1941年12月7日日本軍隊襲擊珍珠港的亞裔美國艦隊，結束於日本的進入。日本捲入第二次世界大戰。<br /><br />本书的第二部分《日本：帝国的衰落》描述了二战后日本所发生的事情。随后一段时期被盟军占领。 1947年，在美国的参与下，颁布了新宪法，正式结束了日本帝国。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3d2aa272a2ff3b9f81defa7a2f372e3c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105377726,"asset_id":106088191,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105377726/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner 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흥망성쇠</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>일본 : 제국의 흥망성쇠</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019년에 쇼와 시대 (1927~1945) 의 첫 번째 기간 동안 히로히토의 책임에 대해 본질적으로 "일화적 전기" 에 대한 역사 책이 출판된 후, 저는 이제 일본: 제국의...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019년에 쇼와 시대 (1927~1945) 의 첫 번째 기간 동안 히로히토의 책임에 대해 본질적으로 "일화적 전기" 에 대한 역사 책이 출판된 후, 저는 이제 일본: 제국의 부상이라는 제목의 논픽션 책을. 이 책은 수십 년간의 일본 제국 역사를 다루고 있습니다. 1853년부터 태평양 전쟁까지 일본인의 신념, 정책 및 관행을 식별합니다. 1853년 매튜 캘브레이스 페리 제독이 일본에 도착하면서 일본이 근대화를 시작한 것을 설명하고 19세기와 20세기 동안 메이지 천황과 히로히토 천황이 시작한 전쟁에 대해 자세히 설명합니다. <br /><br />      이 책은 19세기 말과 20세기 초 일본이 시행한 팽창주의 정책을 폭로한다. 실제로 1889년 메이지 헌법이 채택되고 쇼와 시대 (1927~1945) 의 첫 번째 시기 (1927~1945) 이후 군부가 일본의 입헌 정부를 통제해 왔습니다. 그 결과 더 많은 내부 분쟁, 폭력, 살인, 암살, 외세의 침략, 전쟁 범죄와 함께 정치적 불안정이 수년간 지속되었습니다.<br /><br />      이 책은 태평양 전쟁 중 일본에서 어떻게 실제 전쟁의 엔진이 일본 제국군과 일본 제국 해군이었는지를 보여줍니다. 총사령관인 히로히토는 이 전쟁을 전폭적으로 지원했다. <br /><br />    일본: 제국의 부상은 1853년 매튜 캘브레이스 페리 제독이 일본에 도착하면서 시작된 일본 근대화의 역사에 대한 교육 도구로 읽어야 합니다. 1905년에서 1942년 사이에 메이지 천황과 히로히토 천황이 제국을 건설하기 위해 시작한 확장 전쟁을 자세히 설명합니다. 마지막으로 이 책은 일본이 제국이 되기까지의 다양한 단계를 연구합니다. 1941년 12월 7일 진주만에서 아시아계 미국인 함대에 대한 일본군의 공격으로 시작된 일본의 제1차 중국 전쟁 (1894–1895), 일본의 러시아 전쟁 (1904–1905), 일본은 제2차 세계 대전에 참전.<br /><br />일본: 제국의 몰락은 제2차 세계대전 이후 일본에 일어난 일을 묘사합니다. 연합군의 점령 기간이 이어졌습니다. 1947년 미국의 개입으로 새로운 헌법이 제정되어 공식적으로 일본 제국을 종식시켰습니다.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd7beaa890956b3566e47631ef69ff80" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105369418,"asset_id":106076849,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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帝国の興亡</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019 年に出版された、昭和初期 (1927 ～ 1945 年) における裕仁の責任に関する歴史書は、本質的には「エピソード伝記」ですが、その後、ノンフィクションの本、『Japan: The ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年に出版された、昭和初期 (1927 ～ 1945 年) における裕仁の責任に関する歴史書は、本質的には「エピソード伝記」ですが、その後、ノンフィクションの本、『Japan: The Rise of an Empire』を出版しています。この本は、何十年にもわたる大日本帝国の歴史をカバーしています。1853 年から太平洋戦争までの日本人の信念、政策、慣行を特定します。1853年に提督マシュー・カルブレイス・ペリーが日本に到着したことで日本の近代化が始まったことを説明し、19世紀から20世紀にかけて明治天皇と裕仁天皇によって開始された戦争について詳しく説明しています。<br /><br />      この本は、19 世紀末から 20 世紀初頭にかけて日本が実施した拡張主義政策を暴露しています。実際、1889 年に明治憲法が採択されてから昭和初期 (1927 年から 1945 年) にかけて、軍は日本の立憲政府を支配してきました。その結果、内戦、暴力、殺害、暗殺、外国からの侵略、戦争犯罪が増加し、何年にもわたる政治的不安定が続いています。<br /><br />      この本は、太平洋戦争中の日本で、実際の戦争の原動力が大日本帝国陸軍と大日本帝国海軍であったことを示しています。裕仁は最高司令官として軍を全面的に支援した. 何度か、彼は政府の政策を承認しました。彼は戦争と、中国や他の国で日本軍が犯した残虐行為の責任を負っているだけではありません。彼の帝国は細菌学的研究を生み出し、世界がそれまで成文化してきた個人と集団の自由、共存、多様性、自己決定の原則に違反した。<br /><br />      日本: 帝国の台頭は、日本の近代化の歴史に関する教育ツールとして読まなければなりません。この本は、日本が帝国になるためのさまざまな段階を研究しています。 1941 年 12 月 7 日の真珠湾でのアジア系アメリカ人艦隊への攻撃、1941 年 12 月 7 日の対ロシア戦争 (1904 年 - 1905 年) に始まり、日本が世界大戦に参戦することで終結した。<br /><br />日本：帝国の崩壊は、第二次世界大戦後の日本に何が起こったかを説明しています。連合国による占領期間が続きました。1947 年、アメリカの関与により、新しい憲法が制定され、大日本帝国は正式に終焉を迎えました。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7390d6316af3a3d7167a46eeed5576c9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105369326,"asset_id":106076694,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105369326/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa 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몰락</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">역사에 대한 열정을 가진 전직 판사인 Jean Sénat Fleury는 아이티에서 태어나 현재 보스턴에 거주하고 있습니다. 그는 여러 역사 책을 썼습니다. 일본: 제국의 몰락...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">역사에 대한 열정을 가진 전직 판사인 Jean Sénat Fleury는 아이티에서 태어나 현재 보스턴에 거주하고 있습니다. 그는 여러 역사 책을 썼습니다. 일본: 제국의 몰락은 제2차 세계대전 이후 일본에 일어난 일을 묘사합니다. 연합군의 점령 기간이 이어졌습니다. 1947년 미국의 개입으로 새로운 헌법이 제정되어 공식적으로 일본 제국을 종식시켰습니다.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95af26fbf63099bcfb6289d8024eb541" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JAPAN: THE RISE OF AN EMPIRE (CHINESE VERSION)</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國數十年的歷史。它確定了從 1853 年到太平洋戰爭期間日本人的信仰、政策和實踐。它描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後日本走向現代化的歷程，並詳細介紹了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 19 世紀和 20 世紀發動的戰爭。<br /><br />          該書揭露了日本在19世紀末和20世紀初期所實行的擴張主義政策。事實上，自 1889 年明治憲法通過和昭和時代初期（1927-1945 年）以來，軍隊一直控制著日本的憲政政府。結果是多年的政治不穩定，內亂、暴力、殺戮、暗殺、外國侵略和戰爭罪行增多。<br /><br />        這本書展示了太平洋戰爭期間的日本，真正的戰爭引擎是日本帝國陸軍和日本帝國海軍。作為最高統帥的裕仁天皇對這場戰爭給予了全力支持。<br /><br />      《日本：帝國的崛起》必須被視為一部關於日本現代化史的教育工具，該史始於 1853 年海軍準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本。它詳細描述了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 1905 年至 1942 年間為建立帝國而發動的擴張主義戰爭。最後，本書研究了日本成為帝國的各個階段。它始於日本第一次對華戰爭（1894-1895）、日本對俄戰爭（1904-1905）、1941年12月7日日本軍隊襲擊珍珠港的亞裔美國艦隊，結束於日本的進入。日本捲入第二次世界大戰。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="20ae8994b7e8121460b8593940b1b787" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104590166,"asset_id":105019865,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104590166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>日本帝國的崛起</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">讓·塞納特·弗勒里 (Jean Sénat Fleury) 出生於海地，目前居住在波士頓，曾任法官，對歷史充滿熱情。他寫了幾本歷史書。《日本：帝國的崛起》描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">讓·塞納特·弗勒里 (Jean Sénat Fleury) 出生於海地，目前居住在波士頓，曾任法官，對歷史充滿熱情。他寫了幾本歷史書。《日本：帝國的崛起》描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後，日本走向現代化的歷程。該書詳細介紹了十九世紀和二十世紀明治天皇和裕仁天皇為建立日本帝國而發動的戰爭歷史。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59ec8f6ccb398851022be14c49c754ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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帝國的崛起</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> 2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2019 年出版一本關於裕仁在昭和初期（1927-1945 年）期間的責任的歷史書（本質上是一本“情景傳記”）之後，我現在正在出版一本名為《日本：帝國的崛起》的非小說類書籍。這本書涵蓋了日本帝國數十年的歷史。它確定了從 1853 年到太平洋戰爭期間日本人的信仰、政策和實踐。它描述了 1853 年準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本後日本走向現代化的歷程，並詳細介紹了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 19 世紀和 20 世紀發動的戰爭。<br /><br />          該書揭露了日本在19世紀末和20世紀初期所實行的擴張主義政策。事實上，自 1889 年明治憲法通過和昭和時代初期（1927-1945 年）以來，軍隊一直控制著日本的憲政政府。結果是多年的政治不穩定，內亂、暴力、殺戮、暗殺、外國侵略和戰爭罪行增多。<br /><br />        這本書展示了太平洋戰爭期間的日本，真正的戰爭引擎是日本帝國陸軍和日本帝國海軍。作為最高統帥的裕仁天皇對這場戰爭給予了全力支持。<br /><br />      《日本：帝國的崛起》必須被視為一部關於日本現代化史的教育工具，該史始於 1853 年海軍準將馬修·卡爾布雷思·佩里 (Matthew Calbraith Perry) 抵達日本。它詳細描述了明治天皇和裕仁天皇在 1905 年至 1942 年間為建立帝國而發動的擴張主義戰爭。最後，本書研究了日本成為帝國的各個階段。它始於日本第一次對華戰爭（1894-1895）、日本對俄戰爭（1904-1905）、1941年12月7日日本軍隊襲擊珍珠港的亞裔美國艦隊，結束於日本的進入。日本捲入第二次世界大戰。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bd6cb4a6a4b495795b03930097d25d6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104538422,"asset_id":104947746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104538422/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104947746"><a 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this, workJSON: {"id":104947746,"title":"日本 : 帝國的崛起","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104947746/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC_%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104328731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104328731/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%B2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89_1904_1905_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 日露戦争 (1904-1905)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104088515/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104328731/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%B2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89_1904_1905_">日露戦争 (1904-1905)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>日露戦争 (1904-1905)</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">日露戦争を理解するには、1895 年の中国に対する勝利以降、日本が国際情勢で果たした新たな役割に焦点を当てる必要があります。1895 年以来、日本はアジアで最も強力で最も成功した陸海軍を擁してい...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">日露戦争を理解するには、1895 年の中国に対する勝利以降、日本が国際情勢で果たした新たな役割に焦点を当てる必要があります。1895 年以来、日本はアジアで最も強力で最も成功した陸海軍を擁していました。中国に対する勝利（1894～1895年）の後、日本は1904年に満州と朝鮮の征服のためにロシアと戦争をすることを決定した。<br /><br />        1904年2月8日、日本とロシアの交渉が決裂した後、日本海軍は旅順でロシア東方艦隊を攻撃した。同日、日本はロシアに対して正式に宣戦布告した。東郷平八郎提督が指揮する大日本帝国海軍は、ロシア海軍艦艇を攻撃するために魚雷艇を派遣し、ツェサレヴィチ、レトビザン、パラダの3隻に重大な損害を与えた。1904 年 4 月 12 日、日本軍の攻撃を回避しようとしたロシアの戦艦 2 隻は無傷で逃れられませんでした。日本の魚雷艇によりペトロパブロフスク号が沈没し、ポベダ号は大破して旅順に帰還しました。<br /><br />      1904年8月、旅順の艦隊を支援するために派遣されたロシア北部の部隊は、黄海海戦（1904年8月10日）、蔚山海戦（1904年8月14日）、海戦という一連の戦いで日本軍に敗北した。コルサコフの戦い（1904年8月20日）、遼陽の戦い（1904年8月24日）、沙湖の戦い（1904年10月5日～17日）、三徳浦の戦い（1905年1月25日～29日）、奉天の戦い（2月20日～） 1905 年 3 月 10 日）、日本海海戦（1905 年 5 月 27 ～ 28 日）。1905 年半ばまでに、日本海軍はロシアの太平洋艦隊のすべての艦船を沈めました。敵対関係は、アメリカ大統領セオドア・ルーズベルトの仲介によるポーツマス条約で終結し、1905年9月5日に署名された。<br /><br />      日露戦争 (1904 年から 1905 年) に関する本は、著者らに、太平洋地域における敵対関係の形成における日露戦争の影響について広く考えるよう促しています。分析はアメリカのアジア戦隊によるスペイン太平洋艦隊の破壊から始まり、日露戦争終結から5年後の1910年の日本による韓国併合まで続く。<br /><br />      1898年、カリブ海を制圧し、キューバを勢力下に置くというアメリカの野望により、アメリカとスペインの間で戦争が勃発した。1898 年 4 月 25 日、米国はスペインに対して宣戦布告しました。敵対行為中の1898年5月1日、USSメインがハバナ港で爆発してからわずか10日後、ジョージ・デューイ提督率いるアメリカ・アジア戦隊は香港の基地からフィリピン諸島のマニラ湾に向かった。そこでスペインの太平洋艦隊を探し出して撃沈した。最初の海軍交戦では、合計 1,875 人のスペイン人水兵のうち 167 人が死亡、214 人が負傷した。アメリカ軍には戦闘員1,748名中死者は出ず、負傷者はわずか7名であった。この勝利の結果、アメリカはスペインからフィリピンを奪い、オランダ領東インドに次ぐこの地域で二番目に大きな群島を獲得した。この征服により、米国は日本の南の隣国となり、地域的なライバルとなった。<br /><br />      1905年以来、大東アジア問題における両国の立場、特に日露戦争での日本の勝利後の韓国とフィリピンの立場について、日米両国の当局者の間で一連の議論と会合が開催された。 1905 年 7 月 27 日、両国は合意に達しました。米国は朝鮮における日本の勢力圏を承認しました。その代わりに、日本はフィリピンにおける米国の勢力圏を認めた。この協定は、アメリカ合衆国陸軍長官ウィリアム・ハワード・タフトと日本の桂太郎伯爵によって署名された。タフト・桂協定の下では、日本は韓国を支配し、フィリピンには手を出さないことになっていた。<br /><br />      タフト・桂協定から5年後の1910年8月22日、日本は韓国を併合した。韓国首相の葉完用と日本の初代朝鮮総督となった寺内正毅は「日韓併合条約」に署名した。この条約により、韓国の高宗皇帝はその称号を失った。新たに「徳寿名誉李王」を賜り、日本の皇室の一員として認められた。<br />        韓国併合後、第一次世界大戦によって日本はより多くの領土を獲得する機会が与えられました。国際連盟の委任により、東京はドイツ植民地青島の一時的な指揮権を与えられました。その後、日本はパラオ、北マリアナ諸島のサイパン、テニアン、ロタ、さらにはマーシャル諸島のトラック礁やクェゼリンなど、ドイツの旧南太平洋領土の多くを支配下に置いた。<br /><br />      西半球の大国、特に米国、英国、フランスとの競争における日本人の帝国主義的行動が、太平洋戦争（1941年～1945年）開始の主な理由となった。1941年の夏までに、日本はナチスによるフランス政府の打倒と、傀儡のヴィシー政権によるそれに取って代わられたことを利用した。彼らはベトナム、カンボジア、ラオスを征服して帝国を拡大しました。その後数カ月にわたり、日本の太平洋領土の征服は段階的に続いた。1941 年 12 月 7 日、日本空軍は米国領土ハワイのオアフ島にある米海軍基地を奇襲攻撃しました。<br /><br />      真珠湾の翌日、日本軍は香港を攻撃し、2日後には英国の主力軍艦2隻、プリンス・オブ・ウェールズと巡洋艦レパルスを沈没させた。同日、山下中将率いる日本軍がマレーとタイの国境にあるコタバルに上陸した。数の点で劣っていたにも関わらず、日本軍は連合軍をどんどん押し進め、ついにシンガポールまで撤退した。フィリピンへの侵攻は、真珠湾攻撃の10時間後の1941年12月8日に始まりました。マッカーサー将軍率いる抵抗にもかかわらず、12月10日、日本軍が同国に上陸した。さらに南西太平洋に進出し、日本軍はオランダ領インド諸島のジャワ島を占領し、続いてニューブリテン島のラバウルにあるオーストラリアの海軍と空軍基地を占領した。日本軍もタイに侵攻し、米国と英国に宣戦布告するよう指導者に圧力をかけた。<br /><br />      エスプリの影響を最大限に受け、ロシアと日本の政治を徹底的にコメントし、ロシアの政治と戦略を強化し、日本とロシアの軍事力を強化し、極端な政治拡大を目指します。 -オリエント。日本は近代においてヨーロッパの大国を破った最初のアジアの大国となった。日露戦争は情報と訓練の本です。著者が教育ツールとして提示する参考資料。少なくとも、著者は読者が戦争の結果、特に生計手段とインフラストラクチャー（給水と交通システム、性暴力、飢餓）の破壊に激怒することを望んでいます。この本からの著者のメッセージはシンプルです。「戦争に真の勝者は存在しない。関係者全員が常に双方に多数の死傷者を出し、その結果に苦しまなければならないからだ。」<br /><br />      これらすべてを念頭に置いて、日露戦争に関するこの本は、ロシアが戦術的にも戦略的にもどのようにして戦争に負けたか、そして日本が極東におけるロシアの拡張主義政策をどのように止めたかを探ります。日本は近代においてヨーロッパの大国を破った最初のアジアの大国となった。日露戦争は情報と訓練の本です。著者が教材として提示した参考資料。少なくとも著者は、読者が戦争の結果、特に生計とインフラ（水道と交通システム、性暴力、飢餓）の破壊に激怒することを望んでいる。この本からの著者のメッセージはシンプルです。「戦争に真の勝者は存在しない。なぜなら、すべての当事者が常に双方に多大な死傷者を出し、その結果に苦しまなければならないからである。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="746ec40db51be3a946bc9cf855cdc21d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104088515,"asset_id":104328731,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104088515/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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帝国の台頭</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">歴史に情熱を注ぐ元判事のジャン・セナ・フルーリーはハイチ生まれで、現在ボストンに住んでいます。彼はいくつかの歴史的な本を書きました。『日本: 帝国の勃興』では、1853 年のマシュー・カルブレイ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">歴史に情熱を注ぐ元判事のジャン・セナ・フルーリーはハイチ生まれで、現在ボストンに住んでいます。彼はいくつかの歴史的な本を書きました。『日本: 帝国の勃興』では、1853 年のマシュー・カルブレイス・ペリー提督の来航により日本の近代化が始まったことが描かれています。この本は、19 世紀と 20 世紀に大日本帝国を建設するために明治天皇と裕仁天皇が始めた戦争の歴史を詳しく説明しています。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2742d28894fb795ddce97e9f095e5dd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/127071535/HAITI_IT_IS_TIME_TO_TELL_THE_TRUTH">HAITI: IT IS TIME TO TELL THE TRUTH</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HAITI: IT IS TIME TO TELL THE TRUTH</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The history of Haiti is complex. In this paper the authors tried to explain why Haiti is so poor....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The history of Haiti is complex. In this paper the authors tried to explain why Haiti is so poor. The first reason is because as the first Black Republic Independent in the world, Haiti has been isolated for many decades to the international community. An embargo has been imposed by the United States, France and others European nations on the young republic. More than that, Haiti has been forced to pay 90 million francs to France in order to be recognized as an independent nation.<br /><br />The economists said if Haiti had not been forced to pay the double debt, the country would have the same level of development of its neighbors across Latin America.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b51ba29c7048f3807a7663afb10b1781" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120858863,"asset_id":127071535,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120858863/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127071535"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127071535"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127071535; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123425785"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123425785/Japans_Empire_Disaster"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Japan's Empire Disaster" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123425785/Japans_Empire_Disaster">Japan's Empire Disaster</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The book describes Japan&amp;#39;s opening to modernization with the 1853 arrival of Commodore Ma...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The book describes Japan&amp;#39;s opening to modernization with the 1853 arrival of Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry in Japan, and also details the history of the wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito in the Pacific and East Asia in order to build Japan&amp;#39;s Empire in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123425785"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123425785"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123425785; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123425785]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123425785,"title":"Japan's Empire Disaster","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123425785/Japans_Empire_Disaster","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat Fleury","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jeansenatfleury"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122129244"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122129244/LA_GUERRE_DU_PACIFIQUE_LES_ACTEURS_CL%C3%89S"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA GUERRE DU PACIFIQUE: LES ACTEURS CLÉS" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116855858/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122129244/LA_GUERRE_DU_PACIFIQUE_LES_ACTEURS_CL%C3%89S">LA GUERRE DU PACIFIQUE: LES ACTEURS CLÉS</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA GUERRE DU PACIFIQUE: LES ACTEURS CLÉS</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">La guerre du Pacifique a été engagée sur une vaste zone englobant l’océan Pacifique et la région ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">La guerre du Pacifique a été engagée sur une vaste zone englobant l’océan Pacifique et la région de l’Asie du Sud-Est. Le Japon a enrôlé de nombreux soldats de ses colonies (Corée et Taïwan) pour l’aider à mener la guerre. Son principal allié était le gouvernement autoritaire de Thaïlande, avec lequel il formait une alliance stratégique. Plaek Phibunsongkhram, le chef du pouvoir en Thaïlande, envoya son armée pour aider le Japon. D’autres pays membres de la Sphère de coprospérité de la Grande Asie de l’Est ont également aidé le Japon dans la guerre, tels que l’armée nationale indienne antibritannique de l’Inde libre, l’armée nationale birmane de l’État de Birmanie, l’armée impériale du Mandchoukouo. Des sous-marins et des navires de guerre allemands et italiens déployés dans les océans Indien et Pacifique ont apporté une aide limitée au Japon.<br /><br />  De l’autre côté, un groupe de pays, dirigé par les États-Unis, a formé une coalition contre le Japon. Du nombre, on trouvait la Chine, l’Australie, la Nouvelle-Zélande, le Canada et le Royaume-Uni (principalement des troupes coloniales britanniques des forces armées de l’Inde, de la Birmanie, de la Malaisie, des Fidji et des Tonga). Ces pays étaient tous membres du « Pacific War Council ». Le Mexique a fourni un soutien aérien et la France libre a envoyé un soutien naval. Des guérilleros pro-alliés actifs en Asie, notamment l’armée antijaponaise du peuple malais, l’armée de libération coréenne, le mouvement thaïlandais libre et le Viêt Minth, ont lutté aux côtés des Alliés.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6ce616e096800e6ba09b30bea7798ee7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116855858,"asset_id":122129244,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116855858/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122129244"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122129244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122129244; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122128803"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122128803/THE_PACIFIC_WAR_KEY_FIGURES"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE PACIFIC WAR: KEY FIGURES" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116855447/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122128803/THE_PACIFIC_WAR_KEY_FIGURES">THE PACIFIC WAR: KEY FIGURES</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE PACIFIC WAR: KEY FIGURES</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the six months following Pearl Harbor nothing seemed to stop Japan’s advance in the Pacific.2 ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the six months following Pearl Harbor nothing seemed to stop Japan’s advance in the Pacific.2 As tensions rose between Tokyo and Washington, Japanese troops invaded several islands, looking to take control of their natural resources. On December 8, 1941, they attacked Guam in the Mariana Islands.<br /><br />On December 8, 1941, Japanese troops then attacked the Philippines. The same day, they attacked British territories in Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, and Burma, a total of 260,000 square miles.  That was the beginning of the Pacific War.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8b992a05919129b643b4720972d335b2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116855447,"asset_id":122128803,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116855447/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122128803"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122128803"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122128803; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122128803]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122128803]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122128803; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122128803']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8b992a05919129b643b4720972d335b2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122128803]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122128803,"title":"THE PACIFIC WAR: KEY FIGURES","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122128803/THE_PACIFIC_WAR_KEY_FIGURES","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat Fleury","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jeansenatfleury"},"attachments":[{"id":116855447,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116855447/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"THE_PACIFIC_WAR_KEYS_FIGURES.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116855447/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_PACIFIC_WAR_KEY_FIGURES.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116855447/THE_PACIFIC_WAR_KEYS_FIGURES-libre.pdf?1721231155=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_PACIFIC_WAR_KEY_FIGURES.pdf\u0026Expires=1739806279\u0026Signature=b44xddJDboiQJzIThnPHrQtb65Y5YbVQTeRRoIoTmjX~lLb10bzmuH181k~E9T3HS4HmovxveRr6AiIDzXL-dBfmSsxDL8u7KeDnoTT9TovyWD0bE~NGgSBQbv1P-va-WSDd0I2qIDFj4CGeGPcAee4Ndb46YhYwjR19nkTSY9kmPHeMxQ6RxYP-PnFd6UTXYcd1QuoMpMWthPFeFHpVdql0ZOmY6Na~FVR8KHkcqkcasYPAPrlT4ZWrSb3oI69Au4lUjqOcefjNblCh-6UMNoj-pntyV6bqQJJuXghZa2uN2--fxSNYEvqA-TS6DmzrGuCZ5f9lc1X~pFckBu2wfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122044034"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122044034/ON_THE_VERGE_OF_WORLD_WAR_III"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ON THE VERGE OF WORLD WAR III" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116785170/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122044034/ON_THE_VERGE_OF_WORLD_WAR_III">ON THE VERGE OF WORLD WAR III</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ON THE VERGE OF WORLD WAR III</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Since the beginning of 2016 newspapers around the world have repeatedly proclaimed that “U.S.-Chi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Since the beginning of 2016 newspapers around the world have repeatedly proclaimed that “U.S.-China Tensions are Increasing; Relations are Worsening.” These two largest economies have been embroiled in costly and failed trade relations. The two largest navies have begun testing each other in the so-called “South China Sea,” many of whose islands China claims for its own and much of whose waters have historically been shared by several nations. <br /><br />As many viewed Japan as a case in point more than a century ago, today many view China as another case in point. And as it takes at least two to make a war, the world’s eyes have turned to the chain of events —begun in the 1970s— between China and the United States. Considering the deterioration of the situation, the idea of having a world conflict is more present day after day. Our leaders must work together to avoid World War III.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95649f5da7e3f63a145e4e29d8c6eb34" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116785170,"asset_id":122044034,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116785170/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122044034"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122044034"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122044034; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "95649f5da7e3f63a145e4e29d8c6eb34" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122044034]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122044034,"title":"ON THE VERGE OF WORLD WAR III","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122044034/ON_THE_VERGE_OF_WORLD_WAR_III","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat Fleury","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jeansenatfleury"},"attachments":[{"id":116785170,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116785170/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ON_THE_VERGE_OF_WORLD_WAR_III.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116785170/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"ON_THE_VERGE_OF_WORLD_WAR_III.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116785170/ON_THE_VERGE_OF_WORLD_WAR_III-libre.pdf?1720980668=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DON_THE_VERGE_OF_WORLD_WAR_III.pdf\u0026Expires=1739806279\u0026Signature=B4FPOXSK7Y1fG-meSeoI49SAUVWLXbHhh0gopDeHjXKm7ub~dSE0DVe4hTvU45VUt4X673wlW4B1gmyA7Xib7QYsv~jXGpnQs3khY9dSPBWv3iaMRw~ClCmMVzfNKCIUtUkT0QEqu0nzjE1vXPTa8ERgblMrBBHj1fB~mgA9x6w5tQuiZlb7i7xxxDL7U6fT-n5z-9ylF9XV8D6TaEAyrwC07ujWeBP2ZQVxl2EDLrue7TxXz1RV~fqP4UuxC0RskxnLOm5-oi9R70QbMOloAqWFli-xtan~0bAic5nA61PLQiJFfoGaXVnJTFUp1vVRAIN4bO6FZhdktnvDftrJjw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122043774"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122043774/%C3%89VITER_LA_TROISI%C3%88ME_GUERRE_MONDIALE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116784965/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122043774/%C3%89VITER_LA_TROISI%C3%88ME_GUERRE_MONDIALE">ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Après les deux guerres mondiales, les vainqueurs ont créé de nouvelles institutions pour favorise...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Après les deux guerres mondiales, les vainqueurs ont créé de nouvelles institutions pour favoriser la surveillance et la réduction des agressions entre les pays. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, il y a eu la Société des Nations, et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les Nations Unies. Aujourd'hui, sans les Nations Unies, il y aurait peut-être déjà eu la Troisième Guerre mondiale.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2fa55868b500d4a20d43419140c63609" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116784965,"asset_id":122043774,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116784965/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122043774"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122043774"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122043774; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122043479"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122043479/MARCHE_DE_LA_MORT_DE_BATAAN"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MARCHE DE LA MORT DE BATAAN" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116784767/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122043479/MARCHE_DE_LA_MORT_DE_BATAAN">MARCHE DE LA MORT DE BATAAN</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MARCHE DE LA MORT DE BATAAN</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dans les Philippines, sur la péninsule de Bataan, les troupes américaines et philippines, sous la...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dans les Philippines, sur la péninsule de Bataan, les troupes américaines et philippines, sous la direction du général MacArthur, livrèrent une bataille acharnée contre les troupes japonaises dirigées par le général Masaharu Homma. Après trois mois d'affrontements violents, l'armée américaine se rendit le 10 avril 1942. Homma se trouva avec un problème logistique sérieux : il devait gérer plus de 70 000 prisonniers pour la plupart malades et blessés. Il adressa le cas au haut état-major de l'armée à Tokyo. Le chef d'état-major, Hajime Sugiyama, par un ordre transmis par le biais du colonel Masanobu Tsuji, lui intima l'ordre de se débrouiller et d'appliquer une « sélection naturelle » parmi les prisonniers. Il fut donc décidé de les transférer à pied, sans boire ni manger, vers un camp situé 98 kilomètres plus loin. Le transfert commença le 9 avril 1942, peu de temps après la reddition du général Edward (« Ned ») King, commandant américain des troupes terrestres sur Bataan. 18 000 Philippins morts et 500 à 650 américains ont péri au cours de la marche.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f63e464c452ca54ea162754b75780800" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116784767,"asset_id":122043479,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116784767/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122043479"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122043479"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122043479; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121993282"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121993282/DESTABILIZING_THE_PACIFIC"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DESTABILIZING THE PACIFIC" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116745566/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121993282/DESTABILIZING_THE_PACIFIC">DESTABILIZING THE PACIFIC</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>DESTABILIZING THE PACIFIC</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Being responsible for causing war-ravaged in the Pacific during the period from 1937 to 1945, Jap...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Being responsible for causing war-ravaged in the Pacific during the period from 1937 to 1945, Japan’s empire was a disaster because its army and navy had opened the road to more instability through armed conflicts in the Pacific and Southeast Asia. On June 25, 1950, five years after Japan’s surrender by accepting its defeat in World War II, the Soviet-backed North Korean People’s Army invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrection in the south. The United Nations Security Council condemned the move as an invasion and authorized the formation of the United Nations Command and the dispatch of forces to Korea to repel it. Twenty-one countries of the United Nations contributed to the UN force with the United States taking the lead of the coalition. 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b969856794031194702336ce10bc6e3f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121993282]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121993282,"title":"DESTABILIZING THE PACIFIC","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121993282/DESTABILIZING_THE_PACIFIC","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat Fleury","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jeansenatfleury"},"attachments":[{"id":116745566,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116745566/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DESTABILIZING_THE_PACIFIC.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116745566/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DESTABILIZING_THE_PACIFIC.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116745566/DESTABILIZING_THE_PACIFIC-libre.pdf?1720807561=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDESTABILIZING_THE_PACIFIC.pdf\u0026Expires=1739806280\u0026Signature=BNkdS8y0irXS~pM3OGvFmh9l2RBvnt-oQg~1UI6yRS0tS0zbOL6EojsC6L15qez0d8r4Vp-U3I5KBB8-2nTzztzgUA4W3fU3uVVLAeYzmEW0~AHzzsg9ahe8YOSScm6dXDy3jd33mqwFycuoGWBkhiK3znSnoT5HMdRy1aUYFA4-i8ggDaYFT3BMBk7f5JPIu7ysucVKoprt-SUWY8UdeMOxR3i5eZ170VIwObamJXODDMnx0gMEyVWzC4W0Zr81gP2V3wf~f8kH5iua-FKqfz5qfZv~lB5A08kz8xXc6xTK49QWs~s6erI81w0oYV9~L--M0ti2bvO939Ndxv9Kvg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121992825"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121992825/UNIT_731"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of UNIT 731" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116745270/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121992825/UNIT_731">UNIT 731</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>UNIT 731</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Established in 1935 by imperial mandate, Unit 731 was a military bacteriological research unit of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Established in 1935 by imperial mandate, Unit 731 was a military bacteriological research unit of the Japanese army. The main goal of Unit 731 was to create biological and chemical weapons for implementation on the battlefield. Here, methods in delivering bubonic plague, cholera, and smallpox were developed. Under the direction of Gen. Shirō Ishii, this special army unit conducted bacteriological warfare experiments and vivisections of death-row inmates and prisoners of war near Harbin, Manchuria. 1 These experiments were carried out on human guinea pigs without anesthesia for research on various diseases such as the plague, typhus, and cholera, with a view to using them as bacteriological weapons during World War II. Vivisection on humans was routinely performed without anesthetic. Researchers believed that use of anesthesia would create interference with the disease process that they were studying.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="64aa9c3aff1b6c3f7de7751b6ec8f714" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116745270,"asset_id":121992825,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116745270/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121992825"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121992825"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121992825; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121991997"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121991997/MY_TRIP_TO_SEOUL_THE_IDEA_TO_WRITE_JAPANS_EMPIRE_DISASTER"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MY TRIP TO SEOUL : THE IDEA TO WRITE JAPAN'S EMPIRE DISASTER" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116744715/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121991997/MY_TRIP_TO_SEOUL_THE_IDEA_TO_WRITE_JAPANS_EMPIRE_DISASTER">MY TRIP TO SEOUL : THE IDEA TO WRITE JAPAN'S EMPIRE DISASTER</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MY TRIP TO SEOUL : THE IDEA TO WRITE JAPAN'S EMPIRE DISASTER</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">May 2018, I received an email from my daughter Jennifer inviting me to Seoul for her college grad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">May 2018, I received an email from my daughter Jennifer inviting me to Seoul for her college graduation. She had just finished her degree in global finance at Dongguk University. Two days later, I called her to confirm that I would attend. I was excited. First, I could see my oldest daughter years after she left our home in Boston. Second, a visit to South Korea would offer me the opportunity to learn more about the part of World War II that happened in the Far East and the Pacific.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7d87bece58d8f37a1df41ede6457cce8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116744715,"asset_id":121991997,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116744715/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121991997"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121991997"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121991997; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121987307"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121987307/D%C3%89STABILISER_LE_PACIFIQUE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DÉSTABILISER LE PACIFIQUE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116741089/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121987307/D%C3%89STABILISER_LE_PACIFIQUE">DÉSTABILISER LE PACIFIQUE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>DÉSTABILISER LE PACIFIQUE</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Déclenchant la guerre qui a ravagé le Pacifique au cours de la période allant de 1937 à 1945, l’E...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Déclenchant la guerre qui a ravagé le Pacifique au cours de la période allant de 1937 à 1945, l’Empire du Japon a été un désastre parce que son  armée et sa marine avaient ouvert la voie à plus d’instabilité dans le Pacifique et le Sud-Est asiatique. Le 25 juin 1950, cinq ans après la capitulation du Japon à la suite de sa défaite durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’armée populaire nord-coréenne soutenue par les troupes soviétiques a envahi la Corée du Sud. Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies a condamné cette invasion et a autorisé la formation du Commandement des Nations Unies et l’envoi de forces en Corée du Sud pour combattre les troupes nord-coréennes et leurs alliés1. 21 pays des Nations Unies ont contribué à la force de l’ONU avec les États-Unis à la tête de la coalition. De l’autre côté, la Corée du Nord, avec le soutien de la Chine et de la Russie, a mené la guerre. La guerre de Corée a été l’un des conflits les plus destructeurs de l’ère moderne2. Jusqu’à 4 millions de personnes sont mortes au cours des trois années de conflit, y compris le massacre de dizaines de milliers de communistes présumés par le gouvernement sud-coréen et la torture et la famine de milliers de prisonniers de guerre par le commandement nord-coréen. Presque toutes les grandes villes en Corée ont été détruites. Les combats ont pris fin le 27 juillet 1953. L’Accord d’armistice coréen a été signé entre les Nations Unies, la Chine, et la Corée du Nord.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9507434b837362b848510d6939227596" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116741089,"asset_id":121987307,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116741089/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121987307"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121987307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121987307; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121987022"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121987022/L_UNIT%C3%89_731"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of L’UNITÉ 731" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116740838/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121987022/L_UNIT%C3%89_731">L’UNITÉ 731</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L’UNITÉ 731</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Créée en 1935 par mandat impérial, l'Unité 731 était une unité militaire de recherche bactériolog...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Créée en 1935 par mandat impérial, l'Unité 731 était une unité militaire de recherche bactériologique de l'Armée impériale japonaise. Le principal objectif de l'Unité 731 était de créer des armes biologiques et chimiques destinées à être utilisées sur le champ de bataille. Dans l'enceinte des baraques, des méthodes de distribution de la peste bubonique, du choléra et de la variole ont été développées. Sous la direction du général Shirō Ishii, cette unité spéciale de l'armée japonaise a mené des expériences de guerre bactériologique et des vivisections sur des condamnés à mort et des prisonniers de guerre près de Harbin, en Mandchourie. Ces expériences ont été menées sur des cobayes humains sans anesthésie pour la recherche de diverses maladies comme la peste, le typhus et le choléra, en vue de les utiliser comme armes bactériologiques pendant la guerre.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="df4e3b259eaae39ad8a79eb4946f7e83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116740838,"asset_id":121987022,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116740838/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121987022"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121987022"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121987022; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121986370"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121986370/MON_VOYAGE_%C3%80_S%C3%89OUL"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MON VOYAGE À SÉOUL" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116740327/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121986370/MON_VOYAGE_%C3%80_S%C3%89OUL">MON VOYAGE À SÉOUL</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MON VOYAGE À SÉOUL</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Au mois de mai 2018, j'ai reçu un courrier de ma fille Jennifer. Elle m'invitait à Séoul pour ass...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Au mois de mai 2018, j'ai reçu un courrier de ma fille Jennifer. Elle m'invitait à Séoul pour assister à sa graduation. Jennie terminait ses études en finance internationale à l'Université Dongguk. Deux jours plus tard, je l'ai appelée pour confirmer ma présence. J'étais tout excité. Premièrement, j'allais voir ma fille aînée des années après qu'elle ait quitté la maison à Boston. Deuxièmement, une visite en Corée du Sud me donnerait l'occasion d'en apprendre davantage sur cette tranche d'histoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale déroulée en Extrême-Orient et dans le Pacifique. Mon intérêt et mon inquiétude concernant la guerre étaient plus qu'une curiosité. Mon partenaire au jeu de bridge Richard Silverman, décédé il y a 12 ans, fut un vétéran de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il avait 19 ans lorsqu'il a été déployé en Europe pour participer à l'invasion de la Normandie dans « Operation Overlord». Richard me racontait des histoires sur la guerre et ensuite sur ce qu'était sa vie quand le conflit se termina.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0ff72837b51b84c485bbab0ef0871e45" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116740327,"asset_id":121986370,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116740327/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121986370"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121986370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121986370; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121976496"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121976496/BATAAN_DEATH_MARCH"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of BATAAN DEATH MARCH" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116732824/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121976496/BATAAN_DEATH_MARCH">BATAAN DEATH MARCH</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BATAAN DEATH MARCH</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines, American and Filipino troops led by General MacArthur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines, American and Filipino troops led by General MacArthur fought a fierce battle against Japanese forces led by Gen. Masaharu Homma. After three months of major clashes with the Japanese, the U.S. Army surrendered the first week of April 1942. Homma had to manage 76,000 prisoners including 12,000 Americans, most of them sick and wounded. He referred the case to the Army High Staff in Tokyo. The chief of staff, Hajime Sugiyama, via Col. Masanobu Tsuji, ordered Homma to find a solution. Homma was, therefore, decided to apply "natural selection" among the prisoners. He transferred them on foot, without food or drink to a camp located 98 kilometers away. The transfer began soon after Gen. Edward ("Ned") King, U.S. commander of all ground troops on Bataan, surrendered on April 9, 1942.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2dd52acdb2e4882d5f2d85d98441283" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116732824,"asset_id":121976496,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116732824/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121976496"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121976496"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121976496; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121976456"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121976456/MARCO_POLO_BRIDGE_INCIDENT"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MARCO POLO BRIDGE INCIDENT" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116732788/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121976456/MARCO_POLO_BRIDGE_INCIDENT">MARCO POLO BRIDGE INCIDENT</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MARCO POLO BRIDGE INCIDENT</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On the night of July 7, 1937, Japanese units stationed at Fengtai, twenty miles south of Peking, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On the night of July 7, 1937, Japanese units stationed at Fengtai, twenty miles south of Peking, crossed the border to conduct military exercises. A Japanese soldier failed to return to his post. The Japanese requested permission from Chinese commander Ji Xingwen to enter Wanping to search for the missing soldier. Ji refused. Although the soldier returned to his unit, the Japanese deployed reinforcements to surround Wanping. The commander of the Chinese 37th Division, Gen. Feng Zhi'an, following an order from Qin Dechen, the acting commander of the Chinese 39th Route Army, placed his troops on heightened alert. The battle quickly degenerated into an excessive war, which had provided Japan the pretext for opening a second round of hostilities against China. <br /><br />On July 8, 1937, the Japanese troops deployed in northern China opened fire on the Chinese troops and attacked them at the Marco Polo Bridge. Col. Ji Xingwen led the Chinese defenses with about one hundred men with orders to hold the bridge at all costs.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2ac7fb1ee9f78e37c1333c5641b3ffc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116732788,"asset_id":121976456,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116732788/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121976456"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121976456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121976456; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121976412"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121976412/THE_MUKDEN_INCIDENT"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE MUKDEN INCIDENT" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116732736/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121976412/THE_MUKDEN_INCIDENT">THE MUKDEN INCIDENT</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE MUKDEN INCIDENT</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Japan's opening to military expansion began with the notorious Mukden Incident. On September 18, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Japan's opening to military expansion began with the notorious Mukden Incident. On September 18, 1931, Japanese troops sabotaged with explosives a section of track belonging to Japan's South Manchuria Railway. The explosion was "heard" in Washington. A few days later, U.S. secretary of state, Henry Stimson, wrote in his diary: "Trouble has flared up again in Manchuria. The Japanese, apparently their military elements, have suddenly made a coup."  Stimson was correct. The Japanese army officers who wanted to be more powerful than the cabinet had launched this attack. A group of active officers, linked to the nationalistic Nichiren movement, and influenced by the millenarianism of Tanaka's Kokuchūkai, decided to start a war during which Japan would expand its territory through the Pacific and East Asia by taking advantage of increasing ultra-nationalism in the Japanese society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a9b0a8745ec52ef2131673c97273528c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116732736,"asset_id":121976412,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116732736/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121976412"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121976412"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121976412; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121976412]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121976412]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121976412; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121976412']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121933357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121933357/THE_NANKING_MASSACRE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE NANKING MASSACRE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116699506/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121933357/THE_NANKING_MASSACRE">THE NANKING MASSACRE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE NANKING MASSACRE</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Among the crimes against humanity committed by Japanese during World War II, those committed agai...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Among the crimes against humanity committed by Japanese during World War II, those committed against the civilian population in the occupied territories played a prominent place. In 1937, Hirohito gave his approval for the Japanese army to conquer Nanking, slaughtering hundreds of thousands of civilians in this Chinese city.  Japan invaded northern China in 1937. When Shanghai fell, the Japanese army advanced on Nanking and occupied it on December 13, 1937. Arriving in Nanking, the former imperial capital, the Japanese troops, under the command of Gen. Iwane Matsui, engaged in a general massacre, killing between 250,000 and 300,000 civilians.  People were executed in atrocious conditions: women were raped, men were strangled, and children were buried alive. The city was ransacked and burned. The slaughter continued in the city and its six adjacent rural villages for three months. Gen. Kesago Nakajima's 16th Division killed approximately 30,000 Chinese prisoners of war during the first day Japanese troops entered the capital.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="23939ad7f7fe3e3be75e1e3053bb8ee0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116699506,"asset_id":121933357,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116699506/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121933357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121933357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121933357; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "23939ad7f7fe3e3be75e1e3053bb8ee0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121933357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121933357,"title":"THE NANKING MASSACRE","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121933357/THE_NANKING_MASSACRE","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat Fleury","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jeansenatfleury"},"attachments":[{"id":116699506,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116699506/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"THE_NANKING_MASSACRE.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116699506/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_NANKING_MASSACRE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116699506/THE_NANKING_MASSACRE-libre.pdf?1720662959=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_NANKING_MASSACRE.pdf\u0026Expires=1739806280\u0026Signature=YmbLaas1nmVKkcqiSfHfFNaFwEQJH2zbYSFkzbXLLLVd-TcUHAa9NVFBcGKJ6Ykm1aKJm~YbPQ4YjJ2Uu6~M6IuwM~cB~LqUa60ejCulGFxqfhDSFTQSmvBziCZXvIHML~MZABOwrnOlzJvxVn2ynDzG0mbjd3jNbW4NZH~uA1S0Z6JqTwWiMpRJzUl7xjp2GcktJoNiG5r2WvrTGzHZL5UNnfohuD9HklP8x1qKUD6WbQXJ2OHVwfkrI5Rr5tWj0ANblE1tGn80T7awJ-WraxF~xmsxvyGG-~vruP77QLx750S8U-~q1mzjoCDrx8mmALDJtvMovNTNdSY6SK7uoA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121932710"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121932710/THE_BATTLE_OF_OKINAWA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE BATTLE OF OKINAWA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116699081/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121932710/THE_BATTLE_OF_OKINAWA">THE BATTLE OF OKINAWA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE BATTLE OF OKINAWA</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Okinawa Battle had raged for eighty-two days. While America had air superiority in terms of i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Okinawa Battle had raged for eighty-two days. While America had air superiority in terms of its fighter aircraft and better-trained pilots, the Japanese used kamikaze tactics to destroy the American’s 5th Fleet by a mass of 400 planes (conventional and kamikaze) flying from Kyushu, the south westernmost of Japan’s main islands. By the end of Okinawa campaign, some 1,465 kamikaze pilots sank 29 U.S. ships and damaged 120 more, killing more than 3,000 sailors and wounding another 6,000 or so more. Casualties were enormous on both sides. American troops finally took Shuri Castle in late May. The battle was finally won on June 22, 1945, four months after the Battle of Iwo Jima. Almost 21,000 Japanese soldiers died or were missing in action at Okinawa. The approximately three-month battle was the last and the bloodiest confrontation between Japanese and U.S. forces in the Pacific during World War II.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="23ac44dfbe0d9eac9022ee4f512014c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116699081,"asset_id":121932710,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116699081/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121932710"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121932710"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121932710; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121932205"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121932205/THE_RUSSO_JAPANESE_WAR"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116698688/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121932205/THE_RUSSO_JAPANESE_WAR">THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on Septem...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905, after negotiations lasting from August 6 to August 30, at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was instrumental in the negotiations and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. The Japanese delegation to the Portsmouth Peace Conference was led by Foreign Minister Komura Jutarō, assisted by former Ambassador to Washington, Takahira Kogorō. The Russian delegation was led by former Finance Minister Sergei Witte, assisted by former ambassador to Japan Roman Rosen and international law and arbitration specialist Friedrich Martens. A total of twelve sessions were held between August 9 and August 30. The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed on September 5. The treaty was ratified by the privy council of Japan on October 10 and in Russia on October 14, 1905.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da1b4b785ae42322bb0bd6f995686b63" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116698688,"asset_id":121932205,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116698688/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121932205"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121932205"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121932205; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121921951"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121921951/LA_BOMBE_ATOMIQUE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA BOMBE ATOMIQUE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116690295/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121921951/LA_BOMBE_ATOMIQUE">LA BOMBE ATOMIQUE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA BOMBE ATOMIQUE</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Le 6 août 1945, les États-Unis ont largué la première bombe atomique sur Hiroshima. À exactement ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Le 6 août 1945, les États-Unis ont largué la première bombe atomique sur Hiroshima. À exactement 8h15 et 17 secondes du matin, le colonel Paul Tibbets, commandant du 509ème régiment des forces d’armée des États-Unis, pilotant le Boeing B-29 au nom d’Enola Gay, a laissé tomber « Little Boy » sur Hiroshima. L’explosion a anéanti 90% de la ville et tué immédiatement 80 000 personnes. Des dizaines de milliers d’autres mourraient plus tard de l’exposition aux radiations.<br /><br />Le 9 août 1945, à 11h02 du matin heure locale, à une altitude de 1 540 pieds, le « Fat Man », transporté par l’avion militaire américain surnommé « Bockscar », a explosé juste au-dessus du nord-est du stade dans la vallée d’Urakami. En quelques secondes, la ville Nagasaki est devenue un cimetière. Des milliers de personnes gisaient dans les rues, dans les champs. Ils criaient à l’aide. Au total, entre 50 000 et 80 000 personnes ont été tuées dans l’explosion avec des conséquences immédiates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9d476ec62a3b539a9c7098f74bd13ae9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116690295,"asset_id":121921951,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116690295/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121921951"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121921951"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121921951; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10897664" id="bookreviews"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125720462"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125720462/BOOK_REVIEW"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of BOOK REVIEW" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119712100/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125720462/BOOK_REVIEW">BOOK REVIEW</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Book Review</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dear Jean Senat Fleury, I recently finished Toussaint Louverture, and I felt compelled to reach ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dear Jean Senat Fleury,<br /><br />I recently finished Toussaint Louverture, and I felt compelled to reach out to express how much I appreciated your powerful portrayal of such a pivotal figure in history. Your book not only sheds light on the life of Toussaint Louverture but also captures the profound impact of his legacy in the context of the Haitian Revolution.<br /><br />What stood out to me most about Toussaint Louverture is the way you bring to life both the personal and political aspects of his journey. The complexity of his character, his determination, and his strategic brilliance are presented with remarkable depth. You skillfully highlight his role as a leader, his fight for freedom, and his unwavering commitment to justice, all while navigating the turbulent and often dangerous landscape of his time.<br /><br />Your writing is insightful and engaging, and I particularly appreciated the way you contextualized Louverture’s efforts within the broader history of resistance and revolution. The historical details are thoroughly researched and woven seamlessly into the narrative, making it an enlightening and immersive read. I walked away with a deeper understanding of Toussaint Louverture’s significance, both in Haitian history and the wider global context of the fight for freedom.<br /><br />Thank you for writing Toussaint Louverture. It is a compelling, informative, and thought-provoking work that honors an extraordinary historical figure. I look forward to reading more of your work and continuing to learn from your insightful storytelling.<br /><br />With sincere appreciation,<br /><br />Alexis Stratton</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0cbf39c599fd42cdab251f95d7486a5d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119712100,"asset_id":125720462,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119712100/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125720462"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125720462"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125720462; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76959809"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76959809/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_IV"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS PART IV" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84473500/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76959809/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_IV">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS PART IV</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS PART IV</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Premier fils du prince héritier Yoshihito (plus tard l'empereur Taishō) et de la princesse Sadako...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Premier fils du prince héritier Yoshihito (plus tard l'empereur Taishō) et de la princesse Sadako (plus tard l'impératrice Teimei), Michinomiya Hirohito est né le 29 avril 1901, au palais Aoyama à Tokyo. Étant le premier enfant mâle de la famille, le jeune Hirohito était destiné à perpétuer la tradition d'une lignée impériale dont la descendance est tracée dans la légende d'Amaterasu Omikami, la déesse du soleil dans le panthéon de Shinto.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74de78b699c743c05f67dd7ad32cd273" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84473500,"asset_id":76959809,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84473500/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76959809"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76959809"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76959809; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45005148"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45005148/JAPANS_EMPIRE_DISASTER"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of JAPAN'S EMPIRE DISASTER" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65549652/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45005148/JAPANS_EMPIRE_DISASTER">JAPAN'S EMPIRE DISASTER</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Jean Senat Fleury</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Japan's Empire Disaster provides an understanding of the expansionist policy practiced by Japan d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Japan's Empire Disaster provides an understanding of the expansionist policy practiced by Japan during the end of the nineteenth and the first period of the twentieth century. From the adoption of the Meiji constitution in 1889 and the first period of the Showa era (1927-1945), the military controlled the new Japanese constitutional government. The result was years of political instability, assassinations, overseas aggression, and war crimes in occupied territories.<br /><br />Japan's Empire Disaster is a book of information and training, a reference document that should be read as an educational tool on the history of the modernization of Japan and the war launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito in the Pacific and East Asia.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="741a8800c88f5ea94db5625235eafaa0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65549652,"asset_id":45005148,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65549652/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45005148"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45005148"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45005148; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14095041" id="teachingdocuments"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79536278"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79536278/LE_PROC%C3%88S_DE_TOKYO"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LE PROCÈS DE TOKYO" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86218141/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79536278/LE_PROC%C3%88S_DE_TOKYO">LE PROCÈS DE TOKYO</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LE PROCÈS DE TOKYO</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Le procès des vingt-huit officiers supérieurs japonais devant le Tribunal militaire international...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Le procès des vingt-huit officiers supérieurs japonais devant le Tribunal militaire international pour l'Extrême-Orient, connu sous le nom de « procès de Tokyo », était la deuxième tentative après Nuremberg d'une réponse internationale aux crimes commis pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Dès 1941, par la déclaration du palais Saint-James, les représentants des 18 nations qui formaient le groupe allié avaient affirmé leur volonté de poursuivre les criminels de guerre dans la juridiction internationale. Mais cette déclaration, en principe, n'avait à l'esprit que les crimes commis par les troupes nazies sur le continent européen. Le 30 octobre 1943, la déclaration de Moscou a été signée par les ministres des Affaires étrangères des États-Unis, de Grande-Bretagne et de l'Union soviétique. Elle a établi la compétence sous laquelle les personnes qui ont commis des crimes de guerre seront jugées. Elle stipulait que, les crimes commis dans un seul pays, y seraient jugés dans ce pays; si, au contraire, les actes ont eu lieu dans plusieurs territoires, ils seront jugés et condamnés en vertu d'une décision commune des Alliés.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8aee10557f9bd8afe298c32a814fb069" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86218141,"asset_id":79536278,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86218141/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79536278"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79536278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79536278; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79535760"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79535760/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_THE_TOKYO_TRIAL_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (THE TOKYO TRIAL)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86217764/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79535760/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_THE_TOKYO_TRIAL_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (THE TOKYO TRIAL)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (THE TOKYO TRIAL)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Created on January 19, 1946, on MacArthur’s orders to try crimes against peace, war crimes, and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Created on January 19, 1946, on MacArthur’s orders to try crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity committed by Japanese leaders between January 1, 1928, to September 1, 1945, and inaugurated in accordance with Point 10 of the Potsdam’s request of July 26, 1945, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East indicted Japanese war criminals of the Second World War. 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Le résultat a été des années d’instabilité politique, davantage de conflits internes, de violence, de meurtres, d’assassinats, d’agression à l’étranger et de crimes de guerre dans les territoires occupés. En 1900, dans l’une de ces querelles internes avec le prince Itō Hirobumi, le général Aritomo Yamagata persuada l’empereur d’ordonner que seuls les généraux et les amiraux en service actif puissent occuper des fonctions au Japon en tant que ministres de la Guerre et de la Marine. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79441882"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79441882/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XX_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XX)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86155492/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79441882/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XX_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XX)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XX)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">At the end of the 1800s, the internal fight for political and economic power in Japan took an ugl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">At the end of the 1800s, the internal fight for political and economic power in Japan took an ugly turn, including riots and tax revolts, and even plots to assassinate high government officials. From 1881 to 1888, corporate moguls quarreled among themselves, jockeyed for personal gain, and maneuvered to achieve their political and moral goals. On February 11, 1889, at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, Emperor Meiji proclaimed the new Constitution called the Meiji constitution. It was a despotic charter that vested absolute power in the emperor.  The people's right to vote was limited to property owners, approximately 500,000 men, thus only slightly more than 1 percent of the population at the time. The legislature limited personal freedom by voting special laws. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79440126"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79440126/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPITRE_XX_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPITRE XX)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86154381/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79440126/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPITRE_XX_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPITRE XX)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPITRE XX)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From the adoption of the Meiji constitution in 1889 and the first period of the Shōwa era (1927–1...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From the adoption of the Meiji constitution in 1889 and the first period of the Shōwa era (1927–1945), the military controlled the new Japanese constitutional government. The result was years of political instability, more internal conflicts, violence, murders, assassinations, overseas aggression, and war crimes in occupied territories. In 1900, in one of those internal quarrels with Prince Itō Hirobumi, Gen. Aritomo Yamagata persuaded the emperor to order that only generals and admirals on active duty could hold office in Japan as ministers of war and navy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79439788"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79439788/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XX_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XX)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86154219/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79439788/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XX_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XX)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XX)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">At the end of the 1800s, the internal fight for political and economic power in Japan took an ugl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">At the end of the 1800s, the internal fight for political and economic power in Japan took an ugly turn, including riots and tax revolts, and even plots to assassinate high government officials. From 1881 to 1888, corporate moguls quarreled among themselves, jockeyed for personal gain, and maneuvered to achieve their political and moral goals. On February 11, 1889, at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, Emperor Meiji proclaimed the new Constitution called the Meiji constitution. It was a despotic charter that vested absolute power in the emperor. The people's right to vote was limited to property owners, approximately 500,000 men, thus only slightly more than 1 percent of the population at the time. The legislature limited personal freedom by voting special laws. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79374797"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79374797/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XIX_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XIX)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86111452/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79374797/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XIX_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XIX)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XIX)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The political issue that roiled the Japanese political scene during the middle and end of the 195...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The political issue that roiled the Japanese political scene during the middle and end of the 1950s was to renew amicable relations with China, Korea, and other countries in the Pacific that Japan had invaded during World War II. Starting in the early and mid-1950s, several efforts had been made to maintain strong diplomatic relations between Japan and its neighboring countries affected by the war. The first major decision came out when Hirohito had stopped visiting Yasukuni after 1975, and the museum removed all Shōwa-era exhibits.  All objects connected to the wars of the late 1930s and early 1940s were taken away. Visitors could come and depart the museum without ever seeing a trace that Hirohito had been the leader of the war.  Following that decision, officials in Japan continued more and more to apologize for the war.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f135aa69dc5bda533f3f62f987c0405b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86111452,"asset_id":79374797,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86111452/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79374797"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79374797"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79374797; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79374086"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79374086/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XIX_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XIX)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86110964/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79374086/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XIX_">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XIX)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XIX)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">L’enjeu politique qui a agité la scène politique japonaise au cours des années 1950 était de reno...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">L’enjeu politique qui a agité la scène politique japonaise au cours des années 1950 était de renouer des relations amicales avec la Chine, la Corée et avec d’autres pays que le Japon avait envahis pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Depuis le début et le milieu des années 50, plusieurs efforts ont été faits pour maintenir de solides relations diplomatiques entre le Japon et ses pays voisins touchés par la guerre. La première décision majeure a été prise lorsqu’Hirohito a cessé de visiter Yasukuni après 1975, et le musée a supprimé toutes les expositions de l’ère Shōwa. Tous les objets liés aux guerres de la fin des années 1930 et du début des années 1940 ont été emportés. Les visiteurs pouvaient venir et quitter le musée sans jamais voir la trace qu’Hirohito avait été le chef de la guerre. À la suite de cette décision, le gouvernement japonais continua de plus en plus à s’excuser pour la guerre.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80fb2172507b56b5aef98c113d6a531f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86110964,"asset_id":79374086,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86110964/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79374086"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79374086"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79374086; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79302973"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79302973/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_CHAPITRE_XVIII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (CHAPITRE XVIII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86063474/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79302973/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_CHAPITRE_XVIII_">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (CHAPITRE XVIII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (CHAPITRE XVIII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Jusqu'en 1995, le gouvernement japonais continua à nier le comportement brutal de l'Armée impéria...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Jusqu'en 1995, le gouvernement japonais continua à nier le comportement brutal de l'Armée impériale japonaise et de la Marine impériale japonaise pendant la guerre du Pacifique. Les crimes de guerre commis par l'armée japonaise et la marine japonaise n'étaient pas mentionnés dans les manuels scolaires du pays. Pendant des décennies, les responsables japonais ont refusé de s'excuser pour les actions de leurs troupes pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'accusation selon laquelle les forces japonaises ont assassiné des centaines de milliers de soldats et de civils pendant le massacre de Nankin a été également démentie par de nombreux historiens et intellectuels au Japon. Le massacre de la ville de Nankin pendant la seconde guerre sino-japonaise est encore aujourd'hui un épisode très controversé dans les relations sino-japonaises.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="99962d844e3fde654cf0368fcebc1466" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86063474,"asset_id":79302973,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86063474/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79302973"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79302973"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79302973; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79301829"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79301829/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XVIII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XVIII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86062727/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79301829/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_CHAPTER_XVIII_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XVIII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (CHAPTER XVIII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Up until 1995, the Japanese government denied Japan’s brutal behavior during the Pacific War. The...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Up until 1995, the Japanese government denied Japan’s brutal behavior during the Pacific War. The crimes of war committed by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy were not  mentioned in textbooks in the country. For decades the Japanese officials had refused to apologize for the actions of their troops during World War II. The accusation that Japanese forces murdered hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians during the Nanking Massacre was also denied by many historians and intellectuals in Japan. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79242624"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79242624/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_CHAPITRE_XVII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (CHAPITRE XVII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86023333/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79242624/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_CHAPITRE_XVII_">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (CHAPITRE XVII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (CHAPITRE XVII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Le 7 janvier 1989, la mort d’Hirohito signait la fin d’un règne de 63 ans, le règne le plus long ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Le 7 janvier 1989, la mort d’Hirohito signait la fin d’un règne de 63 ans, le règne le plus long et controversé de l’histoire du Japon au sortir d’une période chargée de troubles et de changements importants. La mort de l’empereur a également nourri un long débat controversé à propos de sa responsabilité, réelle ou supposée, dans les guerres menées par le Japon dans le Pacifique entre 1931 et 1945. La littérature rapporte l’image d’Hirohito comme celle d’un monarque constitutionnel ayant passivement entériné l’entrée en guerre du Japon pour de ne pas aller à l’encontre de l’avis majoritaire des généraux et des amiraux dans l’armée. En effet, la plupart des officiers japonais étaient en faveur des guerres pour établir l’empire japonais dans le Pacifique et en Asie du Sud-Est jusqu’à une expansion mondiale.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="266bacf3d94938a5a5f59a39b24ff349" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86023333,"asset_id":79242624,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86023333/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79242624"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79242624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79242624; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79241265"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79241265/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XVII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XVII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86022316/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79241265/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XVII_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XVII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XVII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">By the year of 2002, Germany had paid out 102 billion deutschmarks in restitution and compensatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">By the year of 2002, Germany had paid out 102 billion deutschmarks in restitution and compensation to the victims of the Nazi regime. Germany has largely faced up to its legal and moral obligations and admitted its guilt, but not so Japan. For more than seventy years, Japan had denied its abuses of human rights and refused to pay compensation to its victims, especially the survivors of its 250,000 sex slave programs, as well as to survivors or families of those killed in experiments conducted by Japanese doctors particularly those engaged by Unit 731. At the start of the twenty-first century, Japan had paid to Asian countries a total of 1/40th of the amount paid by Germany as damages of war.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1f38d61d4a513fb447d3faa0e915a33e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86022316,"asset_id":79241265,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86022316/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79241265"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79241265"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79241265; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79099161"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79099161/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XVI_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XVI)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85936920/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79099161/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XVI_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XVI)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XVI)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The structure of the Meiji constitution placed Hirohito at the top of the state with a wider rang...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The structure of the Meiji constitution placed Hirohito at the top of the state with a wider range of authority and influence that made him the most powerful political figure in Japan. He had the authority to enact constitutional amendments, determine administrative organizations, grant pardons, and determine military organization. Chief priest of the nation, he could issue imperial ordinances without legislative check. He could conclude treaties and no parliamentary consent was required. He was able to declare war and make peace, and the Diet was not allowed to intervene. As stated in, Article 11 of the constitution, the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy were under the emperor’s direct control. Articles 11 to 13 took away matters from the civilian government and placed them under the responsibility of the emperor. The military was outside of the authority of the civil government, and consequently before any action or operation by military troops, the emperor was to be advised most notably by the Chief of the General Staff Office of the Army and the Chief of the Naval Staff Board.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="200f111a706554ca3947d3d51474e159" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85936920,"asset_id":79099161,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85936920/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79099161"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79099161"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79099161; 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Le document énumérait les conditions de reddition imposées au Japon. La déclaration mentionnait les conditions fixées dans la déclaration du Caire qui avait limité la souveraineté japonaise sur les îles de Hondo, Hokkaido, Kouilou, Si Kok et d'autres petites îles que les Alliés avaient déterminées. Le Japon serait complètement désarmé et ses forces démobilisées, lisait-on dans le document. L'autorité de l'empereur serait subordonnée au commandement suprême des puissances alliées.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e3ad54ad77c149f96009b05112fc58b5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85881093,"asset_id":79017907,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85881093/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79017907"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79017907"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79017907; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79016979"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79016979/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XV_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XV)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85880502/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79016979/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XV_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XV)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XV)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Potsdam declaration of July 26, 1945, signed by the governments of the United States, China, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Potsdam declaration of July 26, 1945, signed by the governments of the United States, China, and the United Kingdom listed the conditions of surrender imposed on Japan. The declaration mentioned the conditions set by the declaration of Cairo which had limited Japanese sovereignty over the islands of Hondo, Hokkaido, Kouilou, Si Kok, and such other small islands that the Allies determined. Japan would be completely disarmed, and its forces demobilized. The authority of the emperor and the Japanese government would be subordinated to the supreme command of the Allied powers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c82f3cf08b1d62c3dc7fca72ae42df2b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85880502,"asset_id":79016979,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85880502/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79016979"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79016979"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79016979; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78683298"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78683298/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XIII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XIII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85644884/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78683298/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_L_EMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XIII_">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XIII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L’EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XIII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">la bataille d'Okinawa. Après toutes ces défaites, la reddition paraissait être la décision ultime...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">la bataille d'Okinawa. Après toutes ces défaites, la reddition paraissait être la décision ultime des responsables japonais afin d'éviter la destruction de leur nation. Hirohito, en tant qu'empereur divin, était le seul à pouvoir ordonner à l'état-major de l'armée d'arrêter la guerre. Seul l'empereur pouvait demander au premier ministre Kantarō Suzuki d'entamer des négociations avec les Alliés pour mettre fin au conflit. Au contraire, loin de prendre cette sage résolution qui aurait épargné la vie de centaines de milliers de ses sujets, Hirohito décida de soutenir la position de l'amiral Osami Nagano, ancien chef d'état-major de la marine (février 1944 jusqu'à la fin de la guerre). Conseiller naval personnel de l'empereur, Nagano voulait continuer la guerre à tout prix 1 .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="86674f1c6bb851b2426b931f7e043283" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85644884,"asset_id":78683298,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85644884/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78683298"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78683298"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78683298; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78676808"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78676808/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XIII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XIII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85640924/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78676808/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XIII_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XIII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XIII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The successive defeats of the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy continued tow...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The successive defeats of the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy continued toward the Battle of Manila, the Battle of Luzon, the Battle of Iwo Jima, the Battle of the Irrawaddy River, and finally the Battle of Okinawa. After all those defeats, surrender should be the ultimate decision of the Japanese officials in order to avoid the destruction of the homeland. Hirohito, as divine emperor, was the only one who could order the Army General Staff to stop the war. Only the emperor could ask Prime Minister Kantarō Suzuki to begin negotiations with the Allies to end the conflict. On the contrary, far from making this wise resolution that would have spared the lives of hundreds of thousands of his subjects, Hirohito decided to support the position of Adm. Osami Nagano, former chief of the Navy General Staff, and from Feb. 1944 to the end of the war, Emperor’s Hirohito personal naval advisor, who wanted to continue the war at any cost.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d82c3b28304f38f96c26fbce7dc1fcc1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85640924,"asset_id":78676808,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85640924/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78676808"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78676808"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78676808; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78602261"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78602261/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85593608/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78602261/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XII_">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Plusieurs mois de travail acharné ont permis au capitaine Rochefort et à son équipe de briser le ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Plusieurs mois de travail acharné ont permis au capitaine Rochefort et à son équipe de briser le code n° 25 (JN-25) de la marine japonaise. Cette opération réussie a permis aux Américains de déchiffrer environ 5% des messages japonais. Cela a changé le cours de la guerre. Le bureau de renseignement américain à Washington était maintenant en mesure de découvrir où la flotte japonaise frapperait après l'attaque de Pearl Harbor. Cette connaissance des faits avait facilité les choses pour les forces alliées pendant la bataille de la mer de Corail. Les Américains connaissaient la cible d'invasion de Yamamoto et ses dispositions de force ont été découvertes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="af81ae8ba409ac88c4c123871e911262" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85593608,"asset_id":78602261,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85593608/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78602261"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78602261"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78602261; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78599782"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78599782/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XII_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XII)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85592016/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78599782/THE_RISE_AND_FALL_OF_THE_JAPANESE_EMPIRE_PART_XII_">THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XII)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE RISE AND FALL OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE (PART XII)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Several months of hard work allowed Captain Rochefort and his team to break the Japan Navy Code N...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Several months of hard work allowed Captain Rochefort and his team to break the Japan Navy Code No-25 (JN-25). This successful operation facilitated the Americans to decrypt about 5 percent of all Japanese messages. This was a "game-changer." The intelligence HO in Washington was now able to discover where the Japanese fleet would strike next after Pearl Harbor, which had facilitated the Allied forces during the Battle of the Coral Sea. The Americans knew Yamamoto's invasion target and his force dispositions were discovered. To strengthen their defensive positions in the South Pacific, the Japanese decided to invade and occupy Port Moresby in New Guinea and Tulagi in the southeastern Solomon Islands. The plan to accomplish both operations was called Operation MO. It involved several major units of Japan's combined fleet. Through signals intelligence, the United States learned of the Japanese plan. Under the overall command of U.S. Adm. Frank J. Fletcher, the Americans sent two navy carrier task forces and a joint Australian-U.S. cruiser force to oppose the offensive. On May 3 and 4, 1942, aware of the presence of U.S. carriers in the area, the Japanese fleet carriers advanced toward the Coral Sea with the intention of locating and destroying the Allied naval forces. Although the battle was a tactical victory for the Japanese in terms of American ships sunk or damaged (Lexington, Yorktown), it marked the first time since the start of the war that the two sides were engaged in airstrikes over two consecutive days. With the United States sinking the Japanese light carrier Shōhō and causing heavy damage to the Japanese fleet carrier Shōkaku; these two Japanese fleet carriers were unable to participate in the Battle of Midway the following month.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d0f78b2e395faaf4a4048a18684e5553" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85592016,"asset_id":78599782,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85592016/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78599782"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78599782"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78599782; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78509556"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78509556/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XI_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XI)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85532385/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78509556/LA_MONT%C3%89E_ET_LA_CHUTE_DE_LEMPIRE_JAPONAIS_PART_XI_">LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XI)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LA MONTÉE ET LA CHUTE DE L'EMPIRE JAPONAIS (PART XI) </span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Alors que la guerre tournait en faveur des Alliés, les troupes japonaises commettaient de plus en...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Alors que la guerre tournait en faveur des Alliés, les troupes japonaises commettaient de plus en plus de crimes sans faire de différence entre les civils et les soldats engagés au combat. Le terme « crime de guerre » a été défini pour la première fois en 1945, par le Tribunal de Nuremberg pour le procès des criminels nazis : « Meurtres, mauvais traitements ou expulsion pour travaux forcés, ou à d'autres fins, populations civiles dans les territoires occupés, meurtre ou les mauvais traitements infligés aux prisonniers de guerre ou aux personnes en mer, l'exécution d'otages, le pillage de propriétés publiques ou privées, la destruction injustifiée de villes et de villages ou la dévastation non justifiée pour des exigences militaires ».  .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c49d730ccd50794919b0e8f6ef20c56e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85532385,"asset_id":78509556,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85532385/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78509556"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78509556"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78509556; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14406097" id="drafts"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106473487"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/106473487/HITLER_HIROHITO_PUTIN_THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of HITLER/HIROHITO/PUTIN THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105661524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/106473487/HITLER_HIROHITO_PUTIN_THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY">HITLER/HIROHITO/PUTIN THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HITLER/HIROHITO/PUTIN THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The literary inventory concerning Hirohito is not very voluminous, unlike that on Adolf Hitler, w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The literary inventory concerning Hirohito is not very voluminous, unlike that on Adolf Hitler, where the research done on the Führer does not fail to report the heinous crimes of the Nazis against a well-defined category of men, the Jews. Here, it is not a question of conducting any debate on the two main figures of the Second World War. They were two monsters. The only difference is that there are a lot of writings on Hitler, while very few books have been published on Hirohito. History has always presented Hitler as a monster, a fierce dictator, responsible for the deaths of millions of soldiers and civilians during the Second World War. On the other hand, we have long been forced to believe in a false speech, namely, that Hirohito has no responsibility for the war crimes committed by the Japanese imperial forces between 1937 and 1945 in the Pacific. Having his power totally limited by ministers and the military, it is therefore normal that the emperor be absolved of the war crimes of the Japanese Imperial Army and the Japanese Imperial Navy during the Shōwa era. The Meiji Constitution of February 11, 1889, certainly gives him the authority to choose the prime minister and the members of the High Staff of the Army. However, the emperor in Japan has symbolic power. Before the new constitution of 1946, he was a living god, and therefore he should not interfere in political matters. Our opinion on the matter is very different. In our eyes, Hitler was a sadistic criminal, one of the most bloodthirsty in human history. Hirohito, for his part, was a cunning and perverse monarch. Hidden in the shadows, he directed the actions of Japanese troops who occupied, during the Second World War, almost all of the territories in the Pacific and in the Southeast Asia.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2f102654a0bae671bb1a11f1bc96deb2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105661524,"asset_id":106473487,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105661524/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106473487"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106473487"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106473487; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101104929"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101104929/Cover_%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%81%A8%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC_%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cover: ニュルンベルクと東京トライアル" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101736627/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101104929/Cover_%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%81%A8%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC_%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB">Cover: ニュルンベルクと東京トライアル</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cover: ニュルンベルクと東京トライアル</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">歴史に情熱を傾ける元判事であるジャン・セナ・フルーリーは、ハイチで生まれ、現在はボストンに住んでいます。彼はいくつかの歴史書を書いた。NUREMBERG TRIAL は、情報とトレーニングの本...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">歴史に情熱を傾ける元判事であるジャン・セナ・フルーリーは、ハイチで生まれ、現在はボストンに住んでいます。彼はいくつかの歴史書を書いた。NUREMBERG TRIAL は、情報とトレーニングの本です。この本は、敗戦したナチス・ドイツの代表に対して連合国が行った裁判を分析しています。<br />この本では、著者は、1945 年 11 月 14 日にニュルンベルクで開かれた、第三帝国の主要な政治的および軍事的指導者に対する裁判を再開し、分析しています。<br /><br />彼はいくつかの歴史書を書いた。フルーリー判事はこの本で、「東京裁判」として知られる極東国際軍事裁判で行われた 28 人の日本軍将校の裁判を分析している。第二次世界大戦中に犯行。この本は、極東国際軍事法廷の仕事における手続き上の弱点と政治的交渉を浮き彫りにしています。</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="06372a42324d1af417462688bc75ee9c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101736627,"asset_id":101104929,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101736627/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101104929"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101104929"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101104929; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98712895"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98712895/HITLER_HIROHITO_PUTIN_THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of HITLER/HIROHITO/PUTIN THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99989855/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98712895/HITLER_HIROHITO_PUTIN_THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY">HITLER/HIROHITO/PUTIN THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HITLER/HIROHITO/PUTIN THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On February 24, 2022, Putin decided to invade Ukraine to stop the West for taking control militar...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On February 24, 2022, Putin decided to invade Ukraine to stop the West for taking control military of that territory via NATO. Attacks by Russian forces were reported in major cities across Ukraine, including, Berdyansk, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Sumy, and the capital Kyiv. The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) verified several thousand deaths of civilians and soldiers. The war resulted in a humanitarian crisis, as thousands of Ukrainians fled to the west of their country and abroad. <br /><br />As Hitler and Hirohito, Putin has an overriding ambition for territorial expansion. He aims to reassert Russia’s domination in East Europe by building a Russian empire. His long-term goal is to disrupt American politics in Europe. Then, he can bring down United States’ influence as a world power.<br /><br />Would he be successful in his plan? I do not know for sure. However, as Mahatma Gandhi, I can say: “there have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall – think of it, always. – Mahatma Gandhi</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="229c62537ad9c37f1c6cfbb29049723c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99989855,"asset_id":98712895,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99989855/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98712895"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98712895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98712895; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82399253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82399253/THE_DIABOLIC_TRILOGY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE DIABOLIC TRILOGY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88122273/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82399253/THE_DIABOLIC_TRILOGY">THE DIABOLIC TRILOGY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span> THE DIABOLIC TRILOGY</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As many viewed Hitler and Hirohito as two monsters eighty years ago, today many view Putin as ano...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As many viewed Hitler and Hirohito as two monsters eighty years ago, today many view Putin as another war criminal. The three men had developed the same intent. Hitler had an overriding ambition for territorial expansion, which was largely driven by his desire to occupy Europe. In his <br />diabolic mind, he launched the war in Europe to allow Germany to become economically strong and military secure. To do so, he extorted the capital from the Jews after killing several millions of them in the concentration camps. He invaded Poland, France, Belgium, and many other territories during WWII.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7be63dccf715cad426aba0ca723f841f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88122273,"asset_id":82399253,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88122273/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82399253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82399253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82399253; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82397277"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82397277/THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88120804/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82397277/THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY">THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE DIABOLICAL TRIOLOGY</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As many viewed Hitler and Hirohito as two monsters eighty years ago, today many view Putin as ano...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As many viewed Hitler and Hirohito as two monsters eighty years ago, today many view Putin as another war criminal. The three men had developed the same intent. Hitler had an overriding ambition for territorial expansion, which was largely driven by his desire to occupy Europe. In his <br />diabolic mind, he launched the war in Europe to allow Germany to become economically strong and military secure. To do so, he extorted the capital from the Jews after killing several millions of them in the concentration camps. He invaded Poland, France, Belgium, and many other territories during WWII.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4be153f537443a6993062a7e23c9e5d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88120804,"asset_id":82397277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88120804/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82397277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82397277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82397277; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82397277]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82397277]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82397277; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82397277']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4be153f537443a6993062a7e23c9e5d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82397277]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82397277,"title":"THE DIABOLICAL TRILOGY","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82397277/THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat Fleury","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jeansenatfleury"},"attachments":[{"id":88120804,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88120804/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGYY.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88120804/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88120804/THE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGYY-libre.pdf?1656603551=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_DIABOLICAL_TRILOGY.pdf\u0026Expires=1739806281\u0026Signature=Mz8UoQtgEiQBTcjRuk69NztPt-4rh0zOo5yBKpj4NprCkPXfU~Y~cdvbaacU-l1VVjfQ0PZ4URk9~yF2BKp1G999hoiHk5maWSeHBwWL6UI5RcgCV5XYHJFncudkGBe-7KS54I~wZhqmvMu~gUB56Ig2qL4Z~JWluXNmlg2Es1Ozn-Rf1-IhulVgYyn6okaDB~VABZdJoi-aA60l33UUyjmiPOY-Lo38DBOcnMHa5NvNs~LbuI~cVgdZ1J1Jk1scBqaLWJhYh14~YwtojrTztmmQnaRcEduIBD033bVFqWEE~A70kGN9wHChYcHEd~OJpcE6nz7r5rXOT0dzNzdINQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82323909"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82323909/MR_PUTIN_STOP_THE_WAR_IN_UKRAINE_REMEMBER_THE_STOCK_MARKET_CRASH_IN_1929"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MR. PUTIN: STOP THE WAR IN UKRAINE REMEMBER THE STOCK MARKET CRASH IN 1929" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88069274/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82323909/MR_PUTIN_STOP_THE_WAR_IN_UKRAINE_REMEMBER_THE_STOCK_MARKET_CRASH_IN_1929">MR. PUTIN: STOP THE WAR IN UKRAINE REMEMBER THE STOCK MARKET CRASH IN 1929</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MR. PUTIN: STOP THE WAR IN UKRAINE REMEMBER THE STOCK MARKET CRASH IN 1929</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As many viewed Hitler as a monster and a tyrant eighty years ago, today many view Putin as anothe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As many viewed Hitler as a monster and a tyrant eighty years ago, today many view Putin as another war criminal. Both men had developed the same intent. Hitler had an overriding ambition for territorial expansion, which was largely driven by his desire to occupy Europe. In his diabolic mind, Hitler launched the war in Europe to allow Germany to become economically strong and military secure. To do so, he extorted the capital from the Jews after killing several millions of them in the concentration camps. He invaded Poland, France, Belgium, and many other territories during WWII. <br /><br />Putin wants to occupy Ukraine to stop the West for taking control military of this territory via NATO. His long term goal is to disrupt American politics in Europe. As Hitler, Putin has an overriding ambition for territorial expansion. He wants to secure Russia by building a Russian empire.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b135c6823d294e984d60ec28355b5a56" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88069274,"asset_id":82323909,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88069274/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82323909"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82323909"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82323909; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82323909]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82323909]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82323909; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82323909']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b135c6823d294e984d60ec28355b5a56" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82323909]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82323909,"title":"MR. 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PUTIN: STOP THE WAR IN UKRAINE REMEMBER THE STOCK MARKET CRASH IN 1929" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88069103/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82323689/MR_PUTIN_STOP_THE_WAR_IN_UKRAINE_REMEMBER_THE_STOCK_MARKET_CRASH_IN_1929">MR. PUTIN: STOP THE WAR IN UKRAINE REMEMBER THE STOCK MARKET CRASH IN 1929</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MR. PUTIN: STOP THE WAR IN UKRAINE REMEMBER THE STOCK MARKET CRASH IN 1929</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As many viewed Hitler as a monster and a tyrant eighty years ago, today many view Putin as anothe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As many viewed Hitler as a monster and a tyrant eighty years ago, today many view Putin as another war criminal. Both men had developed the same intent. Hitler had an overriding ambition for territorial expansion, which was largely driven by his desire to occupy Europe. In his diabolic mind, Hitler launched the war in Europe to allow Germany to become economically strong and military secure. To do so, he extorted the capital from the Jews after killing several millions of them in the concentration camps. He invaded Poland, France, Belgium, and many other territories during WWII. <br /><br />Putin wants to occupy Ukraine to stop the West for taking control military of this territory via NATO. His long term goal is to disrupt American politics in Europe. As Hitler, Putin has an overriding ambition for territorial expansion. He wants to secure Russia by building a Russian empire.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4c1c2169a03f0487e8817654337b2390" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88069103,"asset_id":82323689,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88069103/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82323689"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82323689"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82323689; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82323689]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82323689]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82323689; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82323689']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4c1c2169a03f0487e8817654337b2390" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82323689]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82323689,"title":"MR. 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It is a whole mechanism encompassing the con...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Declaring war is a project with multiple dimensions. It is a whole mechanism encompassing the contribution of several areas of expertise just as it must have colossal financial contributions. In Nuremberg Trials, German businessmen - bankers, shopkeepers, industrialists - who had financed the war and helped Hitler to win power were spared. In return, these industrialists gained huge profits during the course of the war. Yet, while accepting that Hitler was seconded by powerful economic forces in his macabre project to unleash the Second World War; however, in the Nuremberg trial, no charge has been laid against the individuals or firms that had financed the war.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f35009df4f95de171c561cd31c6ae8b7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87917818,"asset_id":82104920,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87917818/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82104920"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82104920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82104920; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79051429"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79051429/VLADIMIR_PUTIN_ON_TRIAL_CHAPTER_3"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of VLADIMIR PUTIN ON TRIAL - CHAPTER 3" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85903496/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79051429/VLADIMIR_PUTIN_ON_TRIAL_CHAPTER_3">VLADIMIR PUTIN ON TRIAL - CHAPTER 3</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>VLADIMIR PUTIN ON TRIAL - CHAPTER 3</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Present or absent during the trial, judging Putin before an international court would give the le...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Present or absent during the trial, judging Putin before an international court would give the legal right to not only seize all his assets but also would prevent him to leave Russia. The trial must put accountable all the commercial groups which had financed the war. Judging Putin in person or in absentia would have opened a public debate on senior officials and businessmen in Russia who had participated or cooperated with the Kremlin in order to launch the war in Ukraine.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95b8c1ace5c022738366025cda3ce407" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85903496,"asset_id":79051429,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85903496/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79051429"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79051429"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79051429; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "95b8c1ace5c022738366025cda3ce407" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79051429]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79051429,"title":"VLADIMIR PUTIN ON TRIAL - CHAPTER 3","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79051429/VLADIMIR_PUTIN_ON_TRIAL_CHAPTER_3","owner_id":16212924,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":16212924,"first_name":"Jean","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sénat Fleury","page_name":"Jeansenatfleury","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-07T03:11:19.523-07:00","display_name":"Jean Sénat Fleury","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jeansenatfleury"},"attachments":[{"id":85903496,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85903496/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"TRIAL_3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85903496/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"VLADIMIR_PUTIN_ON_TRIAL_CHAPTER_3.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/85903496/TRIAL_3-libre.pdf?1652448328=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVLADIMIR_PUTIN_ON_TRIAL_CHAPTER_3.pdf\u0026Expires=1739806281\u0026Signature=X-V62LG7m6D0RJrOqiPTa5uiDAkIObKg4P-eSSci9JagzJ3CQzcLnZJYpSLgoGuCLVz3jQOohKTv6kk8D9P~wHQEHYqW1jZau8xJY3RkgN58HGmJtUSoRXKhBowsI9UQzYV0DB7-yTtHZKc3Ipw~W-mfi7hgBfztdLejEUbJTVj9BDLdyJHFu0HMeAEASd3u3czMjq2o2wy17Dvx3jF6d0JR8wowafAUEmcdoNrLvk0cEFlx5TSRYvFmm5Dd2VgGF~PJc7ZIuqoLTiB1LYCOltONIWzWgVF5l133OT8vGN94krm3GWb5Ym8WKeLv-R9tjSV8bCqwzMNG4yfO6BCRiw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78964307"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78964307/PUTIN_ON_TRIAL"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PUTIN ON TRIAL" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85844376/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78964307/PUTIN_ON_TRIAL">PUTIN ON TRIAL</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PUTIN ON TRIAL</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The first question we might ask is: "Why a fictitious trial to judge and condemn Vladimir Putin"?...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The first question we might ask is: "Why a fictitious trial to judge and condemn Vladimir Putin"? This simple question itself makes me ask more questions, for example, Putin is a war criminal, but could he be prosecuted for war crimes before the International Criminal Court? <br /><br />Knowing that, like many high-profile political leaders who had escaped justice after committing war crimes, Vladimir Putin would not be prosecuted for the invasion in Ukraine, therefore, I invented the trial.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="36724a08cc862a162437f01e5c532a83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85844376,"asset_id":78964307,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85844376/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78964307"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78964307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78964307; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78924595"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78924595/VLADIMIR_PUTIN_ON_TRIAL"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of VLADIMIR PUTIN ON TRIAL" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85810885/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78924595/VLADIMIR_PUTIN_ON_TRIAL">VLADIMIR PUTIN ON TRIAL</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>VLADIMIR PUTIN ON TRIAL</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Written at a time when efforts are being made to condemn crimes against peace and crimes against ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Written at a time when efforts are being made to condemn crimes against peace and crimes against humanity, the book Vladimir Putin on Trial, is a timely opportunity to question the justice efforts to condemn criminals of war and to raise awareness among governments to pass legislation that would allow the prosecution of those who are collaborating with the government of Russia during the war. These laws would facilitate the judgment of those who participated indirectly at the launching of the invasion and would also offer new opportunities to try suspects in regard of their collaboration to the war in Ukraine.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c0255cccd44c361823ff16351992c1e1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85810885,"asset_id":78924595,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85810885/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78924595"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78924595"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78924595; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74637352"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74637352/%C3%89VITER_LA_TROISI%C3%88ME_GUERRE_MONDIALE_NOUVELLE_VERSION"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE: NOUVELLE VERSION" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82718629/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74637352/%C3%89VITER_LA_TROISI%C3%88ME_GUERRE_MONDIALE_NOUVELLE_VERSION">ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE: NOUVELLE VERSION</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE: NOUVELLE VERSION</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On doit éliminer Putin avant qu'il devienne Hitler « Revisiter l'histoire : ce n'est ni le privil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On doit éliminer Putin avant qu'il devienne Hitler « Revisiter l'histoire : ce n'est ni le privilège de quelques-uns ou un droit négociable, chichement octroyé ou remis en cause par l'État. C'est d'abord une nécessité. C'est aussi le courant inéluctable apporté par les points de vue évolutifs des générations successives. C'est en même temps une démarche indispensable si l'on entend garder vivante la mémoire des Peuples ». • Le Procès du Maréchal Pétain Durant l'été 1931, un jeune avocat juif allemand du nom de Hans Litten força Hitler à témoigner au tribunal de Berlin. Dans un contre-interrogatoire, Hitler a été contraint pendant trois heures, devant une audience publique, de défendre ses croyances, ses ambitions, ses méthodes et l'essence même du nazisme. Litten déclara à l'époque qu'Hitler est un monstre et arrivé au pouvoir, il imposerait en Allemagne une dictature féroce et sanglante, et le monde entier souffrirait de ses actions. Mais les avertissements de Litten n'avaient pas été pris au sérieux. Une fois les nazis au pouvoir, il a été arrêté et emprisonné au camp de concentration de Dachau où il s'est finalement suicidé. Au-delà du suicide de Litten, l'autre fait important à retenir est sa prédiction sur Hitler. Comme il a prévu au cours de l'audience à Berlin, avec Hitler comme chancelier d'Allemagne, un monstre est créé… En effet, le 30 janvier 1933 à Berlin, l'idéologue et homme d'État allemand Adolf Hitler a pris le pouvoir. Fondateur et figure centrale du nazisme, Hitler instaura une dictature totalitaire impérialiste et raciste désignée sous le nom de Troisième Reich. Dans les années 1920, dans un climat de violence politique, Hitler s'imposa à la tête du Parti nationalsocialiste des travailleurs allemands (NSDAP, le parti nazi), et tenta en 1923 un coup d'État qui échoua. Placé en prison, il rédigea dans sa cellule le livre Mein Kampf dans lequel il exposa ses conceptions racistes et ultranationalistes. Sorti de prison, et après que les élections au Reichstag du 31 juillet 1932 eurent comme résultat un accroissement considérable de la puissance du parti nazi, von Papen offrit le poste de vice-chancelier à Hitler qui refusa, il exigea le poste de chancelier. Après le refus d'Hitler du 16 novembre, von Papen donna sa démission et fut remplacé par le général von Schleicher, mais il n'en continua pas moins les démarches en vue de porter Hitler au pouvoir. Von Papen eut, le 4 janvier 1932, une entrevue avec Hitler chez un banquier de Cologne, von Schröder, et assista, ainsi que Göring et quelques autres dirigeants, à une réunion qui se tint le 22 janvier chez von Ribbentrop. Il rencontra également, le 9 janvier 1932, le président von Hindenburg et, à partir du 22 janvier, discuta officiellement avec lui de la formation d'un cabinet avec Hitler comme chancelier. En novembre 1932, un certain nombre de personnalités de l'industrie et de la finance signèrent et adressèrent au président von Hindenburg une pétition lui demandant de confier à Hitler le poste de chancelier. Schacht contribua activement à réunir les signatures qui figuraient au bas de cette pétition.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c0d628a719ba1ae308b2bb570f2c35f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82718629,"asset_id":74637352,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82718629/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74637352"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74637352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74637352; 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It is, first of all, a necessity. It is also the inescapable current brought by the evolutionary points of view of the successive generations. It is, at the same time, an indispensable step if one wants to keep alive the memory of the Peoples.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e44b0ae3b24c6edd1e4f31776e77dec9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82716912,"asset_id":74634876,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82716912/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74634876"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74634876"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74634876; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74618545"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74618545/%C3%89VITER_LA_TROISI%C3%88ME_GUERRE_MONDIALE_Part_II"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE: Part II" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82707144/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74618545/%C3%89VITER_LA_TROISI%C3%88ME_GUERRE_MONDIALE_Part_II">ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE: Part II</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ÉVITER LA TROISIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE: Part II</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On doit éliminer Putin avant qu'il devienne Hitler « Revisiter l'histoire : ce n'est ni le privil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On doit éliminer Putin avant qu'il devienne Hitler « Revisiter l'histoire : ce n'est ni le privilège de quelques-uns ou un droit négociable, chichement octroyé ou remis en cause par l'État. C'est d'abord une nécessité. C'est aussi le courant inéluctable apporté par les points de vue évolutifs des générations successives. C'est en même temps une démarche indispensable si l'on entend garder vivante la mémoire des Peuples ». <br /> <br /> • Le Procès du Maréchal Pétain <br /> <br />Durant l'été 1931, un jeune avocat juif allemand du nom de Hans Litten força Hitler à témoigner au tribunal de Berlin. Dans un contre-interrogatoire, Hitler a été contraint pendant trois heures, devant une audience publique, de défendre ses croyances, ses ambitions, ses méthodes et l'essence même du nazisme. Litten déclara à l'époque qu'Hitler est un monstre et arrivé au pouvoir, il imposerait en Allemagne une dictature féroce en sanglante, et le monde entier souffrirait de ses actions. Mais les avertissements de Litten n'avaient pas été pris au sérieux. Une fois les nazis au pouvoir, il a été arrêté et emprisonné au camp de concentration de Dachau où il s'est finalement suicidé. Au-delà du suicide de Litten, l'autre fait important à retenir est sa prédiction sur Hitler.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6fe4df4c2326d1c550e5f4ec8815aaf5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82707144,"asset_id":74618545,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82707144/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74618545"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74618545"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74618545; 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It is, first of all, a necessity. It is also the inescapable current brought by the evolutionary points of view of the successive generations. It is, at the same time, an indispensable step if one wants to keep alive the memory of the Peoples.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5d030fa639b0c50fb20d1f1b9dea997d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82705170,"asset_id":74615214,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82705170/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74615214"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74615214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74615214; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14975429" id="conferencepresentations"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79643668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79643668/A_HISTORY_OF_THE_HOLOCAUST"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86288230/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79643668/A_HISTORY_OF_THE_HOLOCAUST">A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST </span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On April 7, 1933, the Law for the Re-establishment of the professional Civil Service, which provi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On April 7, 1933, the Law for the Re-establishment of the professional Civil Service, which provided for the dismissal of “non-Aryans”, was promulgated. A series of laws and administrative orders were promulgated and issued between April and October 1933. Jews were excluded from such occupations as assessors, jurors, and commercial judges; a numerus clausus law limiting Jewish students in institutions of higher learning to 1,5 percent of new admission was promulgated on April 25. In the professional sphere, the establishment of a Reich Chamber of Culture (September 29, 1933) provided a means for excluding Jews from entertainment enterprises (art, literature, theatre, movies). The National Press Law (October 4, 1933) excluded Jews from the press. 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