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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Keramiek" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Keramiek" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Keramiek" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanische_eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanische_eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mechanische eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanische_eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classificatie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classificatie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Classificatie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classificatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toepassing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toepassing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Toepassing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toepassing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samenstelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samenstelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Samenstelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samenstelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binding_en_structuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binding_en_structuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Binding en structuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binding_en_structuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technisch_keramiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technisch_keramiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technisch keramiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technisch_keramiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klassiek_keramiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klassiek_keramiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Klassiek keramiek</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klassiek_keramiek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Klassiek keramiek-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klassiek_keramiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden_van_kunstzinnig_keramiekgebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden_van_kunstzinnig_keramiekgebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Voorbeelden van kunstzinnig keramiekgebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden_van_kunstzinnig_keramiekgebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Keramiek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 89 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramiek" title="Keramiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Keramiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Keramik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%81" title="خزف – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خزف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer%C3%A1mica" title="Cerámica – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cerámica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seramiko" title="Seramiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Seramiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кераміка – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кераміка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кераміка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кераміка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="দগ্ধমৃত্তিকা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দগ্ধমৃত্তিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer%C3%A0mica" title="Ceràmica – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ceràmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="سێرامیک – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سێرامیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Keramik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Keramik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Κεραμικό υλικό – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεραμικό υλικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ceramic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramika%C4%B5o" title="Ceramikaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ceramikaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer%C3%A1mica" title="Cerámica – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cerámica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keraamika" title="Keraamika – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keraamika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeramika" title="Zeramika – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zeramika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="سرامیک – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرامیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keraami" title="Keraami – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keraami" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taile" title="Taile – Fijisch" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Taile" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ramique" title="Céramique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Céramique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramyk" title="Keramyk – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Keramyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceirmeacht" title="Ceirmeacht – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceirmeacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potri" title="Potri – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Potri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer%C3%A1mica" title="Cerámica – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cerámica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99" title="חומר קרמי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומר קרמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="मृत्तिकाशिल्प – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मृत्तिकाशिल्प" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seramik" title="Seramik – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Seramik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ker%C3%A1mia" title="Kerámia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kerámia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Կերամիկա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կերամիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramica" title="Ceramica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ceramica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keramik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramikajo" title="Ceramikajo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ceramikajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramica" title="Ceramica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ceramica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="セラミックス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セラミックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Keramik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="კერამიკა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კერამიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaur%C5%A9" title="Kaurũ – Gikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kaurũ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Gikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%B9" title="세라믹 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세라믹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictile" title="Fictile – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fictile" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Керамик – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Керамик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seramik" title="Seramik – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seramik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramica" title="Ceramica – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ceramica" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Keramik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramikk" title="Keramikk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Keramikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramikk" title="Keramikk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Keramikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramica" title="Ceramica – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ceramica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramika" title="Ceramika – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ceramika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer%C3%A2mica" title="Cerâmica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cerâmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27apra" title="K'apra – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'apra" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic%C4%83" title="Ceramică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ceramică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciramica" title="Ciramica – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ciramica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ceramic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika_(materijal)" title="Keramika (materijal) – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Keramika (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_(%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92)" title="සෙරමික් (පිඟන් මැටි) – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෙරමික් (පිඟන් මැටි)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ceramic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika_(p%C3%A1len%C3%A9_v%C3%BDrobky)" title="Keramika (pálené výrobky) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Keramika (pálené výrobky)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialet_Qeramike" title="Materialet Qeramike – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Materialet Qeramike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Керамика – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Керамика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Keramik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சுட்டாங்கல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுட்டாங்கல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Кулолӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кулолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="เซรามิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซรามิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seramika" title="Seramika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Seramika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seramik" title="Seramik – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seramik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кераміка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кераміка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%81" title="خزف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خزف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Keramika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%BB%91m" title="Gốm – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gốm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%99%A8" title="陶瓷器 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="陶瓷器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7" title="קעראמיק – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קעראמיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%99%A8" title="陶瓷器 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="陶瓷器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BBi" title="Hûi – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hûi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7" title="陶瓷 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="陶瓷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45621#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deck_20050711.png/187px-Deck_20050711.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deck_20050711.png/249px-Deck_20050711.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Een keramieken vaas (foto, 2005).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:2023_Amsterdam_-_close-up_of_a_market_stall_at_the_Albert_Cuyp_city_market_with_a_lot_of_ceramic_articles_for_sale;_in_the_background_a_clothing_store_-_free_download_photo_in_Dutch_street_photography_by_Fons_Heijnsbroek,_Netherlands.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2023_Amsterdam_-_close-up_of_a_market_stall_at_the_Albert_Cuyp_city_market_with_a_lot_of_ceramic_articles_for_sale%3B_in_the_background_a_clothing_store_-_free_download_photo_in_Dutch_street_photography_by_Fons_Heijnsbroek%2C_Netherlands.tif/lossy-page1-260px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2023_Amsterdam_-_close-up_of_a_market_stall_at_the_Albert_Cuyp_city_market_with_a_lot_of_ceramic_articles_for_sale%3B_in_the_background_a_clothing_store_-_free_download_photo_in_Dutch_street_photography_by_Fons_Heijnsbroek%2C_Netherlands.tif/lossy-page1-390px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2023_Amsterdam_-_close-up_of_a_market_stall_at_the_Albert_Cuyp_city_market_with_a_lot_of_ceramic_articles_for_sale%3B_in_the_background_a_clothing_store_-_free_download_photo_in_Dutch_street_photography_by_Fons_Heijnsbroek%2C_Netherlands.tif/lossy-page1-520px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4112" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption>kraam met keramiek op de Albert Cuypmarkt (foto 2023)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Keramiek</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Anorganische_verbinding" title="Anorganische verbinding">anorganisch</a> <a href="/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal">materiaal</a> dat noch een <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">metaal</a> noch een <a href="/wiki/Polymeer" title="Polymeer">polymeer</a> is.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voorbeelden van keramieken zijn bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Aardewerk" title="Aardewerk">aardewerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steengoed" title="Steengoed">steengoed</a> en <a href="/wiki/Porselein" title="Porselein">porselein</a>, maar daarnaast valt ook te denken aan <a href="/wiki/Diamant_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamant (hoofdbetekenis)">diamanten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supergeleider" class="mw-redirect" title="Supergeleider">supergeleiders</a> en <a href="/wiki/Implantaat" title="Implantaat">implantaten</a>. Keramiek ontstaat door verhitting (in bijvoorbeeld een <a href="/wiki/Oven_(apparaat)" title="Oven (apparaat)">oven</a>), soms in combinatie met <a href="/wiki/Druk_(grootheid)" title="Druk (grootheid)">druk</a>, waarbij minimaal twee <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_element" title="Chemisch element">elementen</a> aanwezig zijn. Een van deze elementen is non-metallisch en de ander mag zowel <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">metallisch</a> als niet-metallisch zijn. </p><p>Keramische producten zijn anorganische niet-metallische producten die niet of nauwelijks oplosbaar zijn en voor een belangrijk deel uit kristallijn materiaal bestaan. Eerst krijgen de producten bij kamertemperatuur hun vorm en worden daarna met een warmtebehandeling bij hoge temperaturen (>800 °C voor klassieke en >1200 °C voor technische keramiek) gebakken en zullen de producten hun typische materiaaleigenschappen verkrijgen. </p><p>Sommige <a href="/wiki/Materiaalkunde" title="Materiaalkunde">materiaalkundigen</a> rekenen <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a> en ander glasachtig <a href="/wiki/Amorf_(materie)" title="Amorf (materie)">amorf</a> keramiek ook tot de keramieken, maar vanwege de amorfe kristalstructuur worden ze vaak in een aparte materiaalcategorie geplaatst of in ieder geval apart benoemd. Keramiek heeft een <a href="/wiki/Kristallijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristallijn">kristallijne</a> of <a href="/wiki/Polykristallijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Polykristallijn">polykristallijne</a> kristalstructuur.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanische_eigenschappen">Mechanische eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mechanische eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mechanische eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:AD_2024_-_Gent_Westerbegraafplaats_-_kruis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AD_2024_-_Gent_Westerbegraafplaats_-_kruis.jpg/260px-AD_2024_-_Gent_Westerbegraafplaats_-_kruis.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AD_2024_-_Gent_Westerbegraafplaats_-_kruis.jpg/390px-AD_2024_-_Gent_Westerbegraafplaats_-_kruis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AD_2024_-_Gent_Westerbegraafplaats_-_kruis.jpg/520px-AD_2024_-_Gent_Westerbegraafplaats_-_kruis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="883" /></a><figcaption>Een kruis met bloemen in veelkleurige keramiek; 20e eeuw.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Stress_strain_comparison_brittle_ductile-NL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stress_strain_comparison_brittle_ductile-NL.svg/260px-Stress_strain_comparison_brittle_ductile-NL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stress_strain_comparison_brittle_ductile-NL.svg/390px-Stress_strain_comparison_brittle_ductile-NL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stress_strain_comparison_brittle_ductile-NL.svg/520px-Stress_strain_comparison_brittle_ductile-NL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Spanning-rekdiagram van in het blauw een <a href="/wiki/Ductiliteit" title="Ductiliteit">ductiel</a> materiaal en in het rood een <a href="/wiki/Brosheid" title="Brosheid">bros</a> materiaal. Keramiek zal onder belasting de typisch brosse curve volgen; veel spanning aan kunnen (sterk en hard), maar met een minimale rek breken.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ceramic_fractured_SEM.TIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ceramic_fractured_SEM.TIF/lossy-page1-260px-Ceramic_fractured_SEM.TIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ceramic_fractured_SEM.TIF/lossy-page1-390px-Ceramic_fractured_SEM.TIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ceramic_fractured_SEM.TIF/lossy-page1-520px-Ceramic_fractured_SEM.TIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Breukvlak van een keramiek materiaal in een <a href="/wiki/Rasterelektronenmicroscoop" title="Rasterelektronenmicroscoop">rasterelektronenmicroscoop</a>, dat een brosse breuk weergeeft. Deze breuk heeft vlakke snijvlakken, waardoor het ook wel een <a href="/wiki/Splijtbreuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Splijtbreuk">splijtbreuk</a> wordt genoemd.</figcaption></figure> <p>Keramische materialen hebben een aantal zeer bruikbare mechanische eigenschappen. Ze zijn zeer <a href="/wiki/Hardheid_(materiaalkunde)" title="Hardheid (materiaalkunde)">hard</a> en bezitten een hoge <a href="/wiki/Vloeigrens" title="Vloeigrens">vloeigrens</a> (sterk). Ze zijn erg <a href="/wiki/Slijtvast" class="mw-redirect" title="Slijtvast">slijtvast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermische_weerstand" title="Thermische weerstand">hittebestendig</a>, isoleren zowel <a href="/wiki/Elektrische_geleiding" title="Elektrische geleiding">elektrisch</a> als <a href="/wiki/Thermisch_isolerend" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermisch isolerend">thermisch</a> en zijn niet <a href="/wiki/Magnetisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetisch">magnetisch</a>. Hier zijn uitzonderingen op, zo zijn sommige keramieken zelfs <a href="/wiki/Supergeleiding" title="Supergeleiding">supergeleidend</a>. Daarnaast zijn ze erg resistent tegen <a href="/wiki/Corrosie" title="Corrosie">corrosie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een groot nadeel van dergelijke materialen is echter dat ze vaak niet <a href="/wiki/Ductiliteit" title="Ductiliteit">ductiel</a> (vervormbaar) of <a href="/wiki/Taaiheid" title="Taaiheid">taai</a> zijn, maar erg <a href="/wiki/Brosheid" title="Brosheid">bros</a> met een lage <a href="/wiki/Breuktaaiheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Breuktaaiheid">breuktaaiheid</a>. Door deze brosheid zal het materiaal abrupt kunnen bezwijken wanneer er <a href="/wiki/Scheur_(mechanica)" title="Scheur (mechanica)">scheuren</a> in ontstaan. Dit fenomeen is ook te zien bij een sterretje in de voorruit van een auto, dat spontaan kan doorscheuren over het materiaal. </p><p>Door de keramiek echter toe te passen als een dunne laag (<a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">coating</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thin_film" title="Thin film">thin film</a>) op een ander taaier materiaal, kunnen de beste eigenschappen van beiden worden gecombineerd. Bijvoorbeeld de <a href="/wiki/Slijtvastheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Slijtvastheid">slijtvastheid</a> van de keramiek en de <a href="/wiki/Vervormbaarheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Vervormbaarheid">vervormbaarheid</a> van een metaal. Dit wordt bijvoorbeeld toegepast op <a href="/wiki/Gereedschap" title="Gereedschap">gereedschap</a> en messen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificatie">Classificatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Classificatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Classificatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toepassing">Toepassing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toepassing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toepassing"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keramiek materiaal kan worden opgedeeld in twee categorieën aan de hand van de toepassing: </p> <ol><li><i>Technisch keramiek</i>: technologisch verbeterde of veranderde keramiek of keramiek gebruikt voor een technische toepassing</li> <li><i>Klassiek keramiek</i>: klassiek keramische materialen uit de natuur en toepassingen in de kunst</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samenstelling">Samenstelling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Samenstelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Samenstelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daarnaast kan keramiek materiaal worden opgedeeld in drie materiaalcategorieën aan de hand van de samenstelling: </p> <ol><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">Oxide</a>s</i>: verbindingen van zuurstof en een ander element <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaaloxide" title="Metaaloxide">metaaloxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aluminiumoxide" title="Aluminiumoxide">alumina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesiumoxide" title="Magnesiumoxide">magnesiumoxide</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxide#Overzicht_van_de_oxide-mineralen" title="Oxide">mineraaloxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berylliumoxide" title="Berylliumoxide">berylliumoxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerium(IV)oxide" title="Cerium(IV)oxide">ceria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zirkonia" title="Zirkonia">zirconia</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Non-oxides</i>: verbindingen die geen zuurstof bevatten <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boride" title="Boride">borides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbide" title="Carbide">carbides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">nitrides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicide (de pagina bestaat niet)">silicides</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Composiet_(materiaal)" title="Composiet (materiaal)">Composieten</a> (samengestelde materialen)</i>: deeltjesversterkt, vezelversterkt, combinatie van <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxides</a> en non-oxides.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Binding_en_structuur">Binding en structuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Binding en structuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Binding en structuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er zijn twee verschillende type <a href="/wiki/Atoombinding" class="mw-redirect" title="Atoombinding">atoombinding</a>en van keramiek: </p> <ul><li><i>Ionaire keramiek</i>: een verbinding van een metaal en een niet-metaal, bijvoorbeelden zijn de <a href="/wiki/Metaaloxide" title="Metaaloxide">metaaloxides</a> en stoffen met een <a href="/wiki/Stof_(scheikunde)#Ionogene_roosters" title="Stof (scheikunde)">ionogene structuur</a>, zoals het bekende <a href="/wiki/Keukenzout" title="Keukenzout">keukenzout</a> (NaCl), valt in deze groep. De ionen stapelen zich in een zo <a href="/wiki/Dichtste_bolstapeling" title="Dichtste bolstapeling">dicht mogelijke stapeling</a>.</li> <li><i>Covalente keramiek</i>: een <a href="/wiki/Covalente_binding" title="Covalente binding">covalente verbinding</a> van twee niet-metalen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Siliciumdioxide" title="Siliciumdioxide">siliciumdioxide</a> (SiO<sub>2</sub>) en <a href="/wiki/Diamant_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamant (hoofdbetekenis)">diamant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">C</a>), de <a href="/wiki/Eenkristal" title="Eenkristal">monokristallijne</a> toestand van zuivere koolstof. De moleculen verbinding zich als kettingen, lagen (<a href="/wiki/Grafeen" title="Grafeen">grafeen</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Viervlak" title="Viervlak">tetraëdrisch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technisch_keramiek">Technisch keramiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Technisch keramiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Technisch keramiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Technisch_keramiek" title="Technisch keramiek">Technisch keramiek</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Technische keramieken zijn de keramieken waar aanpassingen in zijn gemaakt, zodat ze kunnen worden toegepast in de technologie. </p><p>Ze zijn onder andere te vinden in de volgende toepassingen: </p> <ul><li>Substraten in <a href="/wiki/Elektrisch_netwerk" title="Elektrisch netwerk">elektrisch netwerken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereedschap" title="Gereedschap">Gereedschap</a>, zoals snijgereedschap en boren</li> <li>Medische toepassingen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Implantaat" title="Implantaat">implantaten</a> voor botten en gebitselementen</li> <li>Keramische laag op bijvoorbeeld zuigerstangen of in pannen ter vervanging van de <a href="/wiki/Anti-aanbaklaag" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aanbaklaag">anti-aanbaklaag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmte-isolatie" title="Warmte-isolatie">Isolatie</a> bij hoge temperaturen, zoals ovens en monsternames van staal</li> <li>Vensters voor <a href="/wiki/Infrarood" title="Infrarood">infrarode</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser_(licht)" title="Laser (licht)">lasers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmtewisselaar" title="Warmtewisselaar">Warmtewisselaars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergeleiding" title="Supergeleiding">Supergeleidende</a> onderdelen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogellager" title="Kogellager">Kogellagers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schijfrem" title="Schijfrem">Schijfremmen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klassiek_keramiek">Klassiek keramiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klassiek keramiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klassiek keramiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_keramiek" title="Geschiedenis van de keramiek">Geschiedenis van de keramiek</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Het woord "keramiek" komt van het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Griekse</a> <i>keramos</i>, wat drinkvat of aardewerkvat betekent. Van origine werd het woord gebruikt voor het aanduiden van voorwerpen die van gebakken <a href="/wiki/Klei" title="Klei">klei</a> zijn gemaakt. Traditioneel zijn keramieken dan ook op klei (ofwel <a href="/wiki/Silicaat" title="Silicaat">silicaten</a>) gebaseerd. Hiervan zijn er zeer veel en ze worden gemaakt van uiteenlopende kleisoorten, diverse toeslagstoffen en allerlei procedés (bijvoorbeeld een verschillende <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatuur (hoofdbetekenis)">oventemperatuur</a>). </p><p>Bij de klassiek keramieken valt bijvoorbeeld te denken aan gebruiksvoorwerpen zoals <a href="/wiki/Pot_(aardewerk)" title="Pot (aardewerk)">potten</a> en serviezen in porselein, aardewerk of steengoed, aan bouwmaterialen (<a href="/wiki/Baksteen" title="Baksteen">baksteen</a>, straatstenen en <a href="/wiki/Stoeptegel" title="Stoeptegel">tegels</a>) en aan sanitair (<a href="/wiki/Wasbak" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasbak">wasbakken</a> en <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toiletpotten</a>). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardewerk" title="Aardewerk">Aardewerk</a> wordt gebakken van klei bij een temperatuur van 800 tot ongeveer 1100<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>, waarbij geen <a href="/wiki/Sinteren" title="Sinteren">sintering</a> of verglazing optreedt. Aardewerk wordt vrijwel altijd geglazuurd. <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a> is ongeglazuurd aardewerk van roodbakkende klei. <a href="/wiki/Raku" title="Raku">Raku</a> is oorspronkelijk <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanse</a> techniek van stoken waarbij het <a href="/wiki/Glazuur_(aardewerk)" title="Glazuur (aardewerk)">glazuur</a> van de voorwerpen <a href="/wiki/Craquel%C3%A9" title="Craquelé">craqueleert</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steengoed" title="Steengoed">Steengoed</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gres_(keramisch_product)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gres (keramisch product)">gres</a> wordt gemaakt van een gresklei en kan worden gebakken bij hogere temperaturen (1200-1300 °C); hierbij versintert de klei, het product is geschikt voor het bewaren van vloeistoffen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porselein" title="Porselein">Porselein</a>, gebakken van een speciale witte kleisoort, gemengd met kwarts en veldspaat, gebakken bij 1200-1400 °C, waarbij het geheel verglaast. De basisgrondstof is <a href="/wiki/Kaolien" title="Kaolien">kaolien</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe-tuntse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe-tuntse (de pagina bestaat niet)">pe-tuntse</a> afkomstig uit China. Kaolien wordt in Europa gevonden in de streek van <a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a>, Duitsland, Tsjechië, Oekraïne, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornwall (hoofdbetekenis)">Cornwall</a> en Spanje.</li></ul> <p>Een ander voorbeeld van klassiek keramiekgebruik is de (<a href="/wiki/Beeldhouwkunst" title="Beeldhouwkunst">beeldhouw</a>)kunst. Hierin staan vooral de vorm en kleur van keramiek centraal. Veelal wordt keramiek hierbij van een <a href="/wiki/Glazuur_(aardewerk)" title="Glazuur (aardewerk)">glazuurlaag</a> voorzien. Invloedrijke keramisten in het Nederlandse taalgebied zijn onder andere <a href="/wiki/Chris_Dagradi" title="Chris Dagradi">Chris Dagradi</a> (1954), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_van_Loon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan van Loon (de pagina bestaat niet)">Johan van Loon</a> (1934), <a href="/wiki/Leen_Quist" title="Leen Quist">Leen Quist</a> (1942-2014), <a href="/wiki/Jan_Snoeck" title="Jan Snoeck">Jan Snoeck</a> (1927), <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Stockmans" title="Pieter Stockmans">Pieter Stockmans</a> (1940), <a href="/wiki/Frank_Steyaert" title="Frank Steyaert">Frank Steyaert</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_der_Vaart" title="Jan van der Vaart">Jan van der Vaart</a> (1931-2000). Een bekend keramist uit de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a> is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Staffel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Staffel (de pagina bestaat niet)">Richard Staffel</a> (1911-2002). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voorbeelden_van_kunstzinnig_keramiekgebruik">Voorbeelden van kunstzinnig keramiekgebruik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden van kunstzinnig keramiekgebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden van kunstzinnig keramiekgebruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68175564">.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ul,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.5714285em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.6em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oud-Grieks_aardewerk" title="Oud-Grieks aardewerk">Oud-Grieks aardewerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_sigillata" title="Terra sigillata">Terra sigillata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delfts_blauw" title="Delfts blauw">Delfts blauw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottenbakken" title="Pottenbakken">Pottenbakken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik-keramiek" title="İznik-keramiek">İznik-keramiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majolica" title="Majolica">Majolica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faience_(aardewerk)" title="Faience (aardewerk)">Faience (aardewerk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlinger_Aardewerk-_en_Tegelfabriek" title="Harlinger Aardewerk- en Tegelfabriek">Harlinger Aardewerk- en Tegelfabriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keramisto" title="Keramisto">Keramisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintsugi" title="Kintsugi">Kintsugi</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceramics.nl">Nederlandse Keramische Vereniging</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2019"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">M. F. Ashby</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hugh Shercliff, David Cebon</span> (2019). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1097951622">Materials : engineering, science, processing and design</a></i></cite>, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-08-102376-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-08-102376-1">ISBN 978-0-08-102376-1</a></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Keramiek#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Keramiek">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ceramics#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ceramics">Ceramics</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&oldid=68373198">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keramiek&oldid=68373198</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Keramiek" title="Categorie:Keramiek">Keramiek</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 12 nov 2024 om 19:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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