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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Family and schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Rumelia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Rumelia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Western Rumelia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Rumelia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balkan_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balkan_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Balkan Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balkan_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_of_Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_of_Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>War of Independence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War_of_Independence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle War of Independence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-War_of_Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Kütahya-Eskişehir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Kütahya-Eskişehir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Kütahya-Eskişehir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Sakarya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Sakarya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Battle of Sakarya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Sakarya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Great Offensive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republican_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Republican era</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Republican_era-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Republican era subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Republican_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musul_offensive_plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musul_offensive_plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Musul offensive plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musul_offensive_plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_Reform_Council_in_the_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_Reform_Council_in_the_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Member of the Reform Council in the East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_Reform_Council_in_the_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_Kurds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_Kurds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Views on Kurds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_Kurds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candidate_to_be_Atatürk's_successor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidate_to_be_Atatürk's_successor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Candidate to be Atatürk's successor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Candidate_to_be_Atatürk's_successor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medals_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medals_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medals and decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medals_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fevzi Çakmak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%82" title="فوزي جاكماق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فوزي جاكماق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87axmaq" title="Fevzi Çaxmaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fevzi Çaxmaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%B6%CE%AF_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BA" title="Φεβζί Τσακμάκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φεβζί Τσακμάκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="فوزی پاشا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوزی پاشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%B8%8C%EC%A7%80_%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC" title="페브지 차크마크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페브지 차크마크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%87%D5%A6%D5%AB_%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84" title="Ֆևզի Չաքմաք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆևզի Չաքմաք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%96%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="ფევზი ჩაქმაქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფევზი ჩაქმაქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="فوزی پاشا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فوزی پاشا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B4%E3%82%BA%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF" title="フェヴズィ・チャクマク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェヴズィ・チャクマク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Чакмак, Мустафа Февзи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чакмак, Мустафа Февзи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DA%86%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%82" title="فوزی چکماق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فوزی چکماق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fevzi Çakmak" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E5%A4%AB%E9%BD%8A%C2%B7%E6%81%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="費夫齊·恰克馬克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="費夫齊·恰克馬克" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Turkish field marshal and politician (1876–1950)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fevzi Pasha" redirects here. For other people known as Fevzi Pasha, see <a href="/wiki/Fevzi_Pasha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fevzi Pasha (disambiguation)">Fevzi Pasha (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mare%C5%9Fal_(Turkey)" title="Mareşal (Turkey)">Mareşal</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Fevzi Çakmak</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0stanbul_milletvekili_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%C4%B0stanbul_milletvekili_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.png/220px-%C4%B0stanbul_milletvekili_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%C4%B0stanbul_milletvekili_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.png/330px-%C4%B0stanbul_milletvekili_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%C4%B0stanbul_milletvekili_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.png/440px-%C4%B0stanbul_milletvekili_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="735" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Çakmak in 1946</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of the Government of the Grand National Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 January 1921 – 12 July 1922</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Orbay" title="Rauf Orbay">Rauf Orbay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCmtaz_%C3%96kmen" title="Mümtaz Ökmen">Mümtaz Ökmen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff of the Republic of Turkey">Chief of General Staff</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 August 1921 – 12 January 1944</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Orbay" title="Kâzım Orbay">Kâzım Orbay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)">Minister of National Defense</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 May 1920 – 5 August 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a><br />Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Refet_Bele" title="Refet Bele">Refet Bele</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Government_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)">Minister of War</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 February 1920 – 2 April 1920</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_R%C4%B1za_Pasha" title="Ali Rıza Pasha">Ali Rıza Pasha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Salih_Hulusi_Pasha" title="Salih Hulusi Pasha">Salih Hulusi Pasha</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Government_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)">5th Chief of General Staff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 December 1918 – 14 May 1919</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Tevfik_Pasha" title="Ahmet Tevfik Pasha">Ahmet Tevfik Pasha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Damat_Ferid_Pasha" title="Damat Ferid Pasha">Damat Ferid Pasha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Djevad Pasha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Djevad Pasha</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1876-01-12</span>)</span>12 January 1876<br /><a href="/wiki/Cihangir" title="Cihangir">Cihangir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 1950<span style="display:none">(1950-04-10)</span> (aged 74)<br /><a href="/wiki/Te%C5%9Fvikiye" title="Teşvikiye">Teşvikiye</a>, Istanbul, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ey%C3%BCp_Cemetery" title="Eyüp Cemetery">Eyüp Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1948)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1948)">Nation Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish Republic</a>, 1948–50)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)">Democrat Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Turkish Republic, 1946–48)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">Committee of Union and Progress</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Fevzi Çakmak's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_signature.png/128px-Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_signature.png 1.5x" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="55" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Kavaklı Fevzi,<br />Müşir, Mareşal</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1896–1920)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Ankara Government</a> (1920–1923)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (1920–1944)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Army">Ottoman Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces#War_of_Independence" title="Turkish Land Forces">Army of the GNA</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Turkish_Land_Forces_Command.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkish_Land_Forces_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Turkish_Land_Forces_Command.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkish_Land_Forces_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Turkish_Land_Forces_Command.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkish_Land_Forces_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Army">Turkish Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1896–1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey-Army-OF-10_(1933-1947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Turkey-Army-OF-10_%281933-1947%29.svg/25px-Turkey-Army-OF-10_%281933-1947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Turkey-Army-OF-10_%281933-1947%29.svg/38px-Turkey-Army-OF-10_%281933-1947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Turkey-Army-OF-10_%281933-1947%29.svg/50px-Turkey-Army-OF-10_%281933-1947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1304" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mare%C5%9Fal_(Turkey)" title="Mareşal (Turkey)">Mareşal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Division (Ottoman Empire)">2nd Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="V Corps (Ottoman Empire)">5th Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/II_Caucasian_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="II Caucasian Corps (Ottoman Empire)">2nd Caucasian Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Second Army (Ottoman Empire)">2nd Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">7th Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)#After_Mundros" title="First Army (Ottoman Empire)">1st Army Troops Inspectorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Chiefs_of_the_Turkish_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Chiefs of the Turkish General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian Uprising</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Said_rebellion" title="Sheikh Said rebellion">Sheikh Said rebellion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dersim_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim Rebellion">Dersim Rebellion</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak</b> (12 January<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1876 – 10 April 1950) was a Turkish <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mare%C5%9Fal_(Turkey)" title="Mareşal (Turkey)">Mareşal</a></i>) and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Government_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)">Minister of War</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1920. He later joined the provisional <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Government of the Grand National Assembly</a> and became the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)">Minister of National Defense</a> and later as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a> from 1921 to 1922. He was the second <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Chiefs_of_the_Turkish_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Chiefs of the Turkish General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a> of the provisional <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Ankara Government</a> and the first Chief of the General Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Graduating from the War College as a <a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">Captain</a> and assigned to the 4th Department of the General Staff, Mustafa Fevzi participated in numerous battles during the prolonged downfall of the Ottoman Empire, such as the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Battle of Monastir</a>. He was engaged as the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="V Corps (Ottoman Empire)">V Corps</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">defence of Gallipoli</a>, during which his younger brother was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chunuk_Bair" title="Battle of Chunuk Bair">Battle of Chunuk Bair</a>. He became a <a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a> and the Chief of General Staff of the Ottoman Empire after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and was appointed as the commander of the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="First Army (Ottoman Empire)">First Army Troops Inspectorate</a> in 1919 by <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Vizier</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Tevfik_Pasha" title="Ahmet Tevfik Pasha">Ahmet Tevfik Pasha</a>. After briefly serving as War Minister in 1920, Fevzi left to join the dissident Grand National Assembly in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kozan,_Adana" title="Kozan, Adana">Kozan</a>. </p><p>He was appointed as National Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister by <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Paşa</a> in 1920, commanding numerous military successes throughout the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a>, notably during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sakarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sakarya">Battle of Sakarya</a>. He succeeded Mustafa Kemal as Prime Minister in 1921, resigning in 1922 to engage in the successful <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dumlup%C4%B1nar" title="Battle of Dumlupınar">Battle of Dumlupınar</a>. He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mare%C5%9Fal_(Turkey)" title="Mareşal (Turkey)">Mareşal</a>) in 1922 at the recommendation of Mustafa Kemal. He had succeeded <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a> as the Chief of General Staff in August 1921 and continued serving after the Turkish Republic was declared in 1923. Adopting the surname 'Çakmak', he was a candidate to succeed <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a> after Atatürk's death in 1938, but stood down in favour of İnönü. He continued to serve as Chief of General Staff until 1944, after which he became a Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Turkey,_historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Turkey, historical)">Democrat Party</a>. He later resigned from the Democrats and co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1948)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1948)">Nation Party</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a>. </p><p>Fevzi Çakmak remains, alongside Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as one of the only two field marshals of Turkey. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_schools">Family and schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family and schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mustafa Fevzi was born on 12 January 1876 in <a href="/wiki/Cihangir" title="Cihangir">Cihangir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) His family is of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ancestors came to Istanbul from <a href="/wiki/%C3%87akmak,_G%C3%B6nen" title="Çakmak, Gönen">Çakmak</a>, in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir_Province" title="Balıkesir Province">Balıkesir Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to mother Hesna Hanım, daughter of Varnalı Hacı Bekir Efendi, who was the youngest son of Ömer Ağa, and father Ali Sırrı Efendi, who was the son of Çakmakoğlu Hüseyin Derviş Kaptan. Ali Sırrı Efendi had served for Tophane (Arsenal) as secretary. In 1879 Ali Sırrı Bey was appointed to Black Sea Artillery Regiment (<i>Karadeniz Topçu Alayı</i>) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumeli_Kava%C4%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumeli Kavağı (page does not exist)">Rumeli Kavağı</a>, and the family moved there. Thus, Fevzi's name in the Army became "Kavaklı Fevzi Pasha".<sup id="cite_ref-Gök3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gök3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He studied at Sadık Hoca Mektebi in Rumeli Kavağı between 1882 and 1884. He continued to study at Tedrisiye-i Haybiye Mektebi in <a href="/wiki/Sar%C4%B1yer" title="Sarıyer">Sarıyer</a> between 1884 and 1886, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salonica_Military_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salonica Military School (page does not exist)">Salonica Military School</a> (<i>Selânik Askerî Rüşdiyesi</i> ) between 1886 and 1887, at Soğukçeşme Askerî Rüşdiyesi between 1887 and 1890. He learned <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> languages from his grandfather Hacı Bekir Efendi, who had studied in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and was one of the prominent intelligentsia at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Gök3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gök3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to <a href="/wiki/Kuleli_Military_High_School" title="Kuleli Military High School">Kuleli Military High School</a> (<i>Kuleli Askerî İdadisi</i>) between 1890 and 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating from the Kuleli military high school, he entered <a href="/wiki/Kara_Harp_Okulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Harp Okulu">Ottoman Military College</a> on 29 April 1893. He completed the military school as the seventh of the class on 28 January 1896 and joined the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Military of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman military</a> as an infantryman where he saw combat during the 1897 <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1897)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1897)">Greco-Turkish War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a> (<i>Mülâzım-ı Sani</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 January 1898, he entered the Imperial War Academy and on 16 March 1897, he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 December 1898, he graduated from Academy as a staff captain and was assigned to the 4th department of the General Staff.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Rumelia">Western Rumelia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Western Rumelia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitrovica_train_station_1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mitrovica_train_station_1894.jpg/170px-Mitrovica_train_station_1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mitrovica_train_station_1894.jpg/255px-Mitrovica_train_station_1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mitrovica_train_station_1894.jpg/340px-Mitrovica_train_station_1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Railway station of Metroviça (<a href="/wiki/Kosovska_Mitrovica" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovska Mitrovica">Mitrovica</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 April 1899, he became the staff officer of 18th Regular Division under the command of <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eemsi_Pasha_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şemsi Pasha (general) (page does not exist)">Şemsi Pasha</a> at Metroviça (present day <a href="/wiki/Kosovska_Mitrovica" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovska Mitrovica">Mitrovica</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Third Army (Ottoman Empire)">Third Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> languages to read their newspapers for collecting information. On 20 April 1900, he was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Kola%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolağası">Kolağası</a>, on 20 April 1902, Major (<i>Binbaşı</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 19 July 1906, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> (<i>Kaymakam</i>) and on 17 December 1907, <a href="/wiki/Miralay" title="Miralay">Miralay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to some researchers, he was in contact with <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">Committee of Union and Progress</a> and elected the member of the secret board of directors of the Metroviça branch of the committee.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 July 1908, Senior Captain <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Niyazi_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Niyazi Bey">Ahmed Niyazi Bey</a> stationed at Resne (present day: <a href="/wiki/Resen_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resen (town)">Resen</a>), an ethnic <a href="/wiki/Albanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian people">Albanian</a>, took to the hills with 200 soldiers and a number of civilians, and issued a manifesto which demanded the restoration of constitutional government. Şemsi Pasha, an ethnic Albanian, was ordered to crush the rebel and went to Monastir with two battalions. But he was shot and killed by then Second Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/At%C4%B1f_Kam%C3%A7%C4%B1l" title="Atıf Kamçıl">Bigalı Atıf Bey</a>. </p><p>On 19 August 1909, he was demoted to major, because of the Law for the Purge of Military Ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 December 1908 he was appointed as governor and commander of Taşlıca (present day <a href="/wiki/Pljevlja" title="Pljevlja">Pljevlja</a>), and at the same time, the commander of the 35th Brigade .<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 January 1910, he was temporarily assigned to the headquarters of the Kosovo Provisional Corps, on 29 September,<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and on 27 July,<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became the chief of staff of the same corps.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 January 1911, he was assigned to the 4th department of the General Staff. On 2 October 1911, when he was staying in İşkodra (present day: <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>), because <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (29 September 1911 – 18 October 1912) broke out, he was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Western Army (Ottoman Empire)">Western Army</a> that was formed for the defense of <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Western Rumelia</a> under the command of Birinci Ferik <a href="/wiki/Ali_R%C4%B1za_Pasha" title="Ali Rıza Pasha">Ali Rıza Pasha</a>. On 6 October, he was appointed governor of İpek Sancağı (present day <a href="/wiki/District_of_Peja" title="District of Peja">District of Peja</a>). On 19 October, he went back to Istanbul to continue his task at the 4th department of the General Staff. On 11 February 1912, he was appointed to the member of the committee that was formed under the chairmanship of the Minister of the Interior Hacı Adil Bey with the decision about reform of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ottoman_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ottoman Albania">Albania</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica Vilayet">Salonica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastir Vilayet">Monastir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosova</a>). 9 May, he was appointed to a secretariat formed in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Sadaret</a> and on 3 July, to the deputy commander of the 21st Infantry Division at Yakova (now <a href="/wiki/Gjakova" title="Gjakova">Gjakova</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 6 August, to the staff of the General Forces of Kosovo .<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balkan_Wars">Balkan Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Balkan Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 September 1912, he was appointed to the chief of the 1st department (chief of operations) of the <a href="/wiki/Vardar_Army" title="Vardar Army">Vardar Army</a> under the command of Ferik <a href="/wiki/Zekki_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Zekki Pasha">Halepli Zeki Pasha</a>, formed within the Western Army.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (8 October 1912 – 30 May 1913), after the defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Battle of Kumanovo</a> ( 23–24 October 1912), Fevzi wrote that the distributions of the Ottoman forces over a wide area gave initiative to the enemy and that mobilization and concentration plan was poorly designed and flawed. He also noted that there were great deficiencies in artillery, wireless, and air units.<sup id="cite_ref-Defeat183_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defeat183-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But he wrote that he had put the idea of creating a six-corps army of one hundred thousand men operation on interior lines from the Monastir (present day: <a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Bitola</a>) area.<sup id="cite_ref-Defeat183_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defeat183-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vardar Army retreated to Monastir. </p><p>On 16 November, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Battle of Monastir</a> ( 16–19 November 1912), his younger brother Muhtar Efendi was killed in action at the heights of Oblakovo, northwest of Bitola.<sup id="cite_ref-Günlükleri_I-191_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Günlükleri_I-191-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the defeat at the Battle of Bitola, he wrote that the Vardar Army's effective strength for its 78 infantry battalions was 39,398 men.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vardar Army retreated to Albania. On 10 May, because Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_Halil_Sedes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Halil Sedes (page does not exist)">Ibrahim Halil Bey</a> (Sedes), who was the chief of staff of the Vardar Army, went to Istanbul, and Fevzi was deputized the chief of staff.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 June, the headquarters of the Vardar Army evacuated from the pier on the <a href="/wiki/Seman_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Seman River">Seman</a> aboard the steamships <i>Karadeniz</i> and <i>Gülcemal</i> and arrived at Istanbul on 22 June.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fevzi wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>On the morning of June 6, 1329, <i>Karadeniz</i>, in late afternoon <i>Gülcemal</i>, left pier at Seman. I also got on board <i>Gülcemal</i>. We've bid farewell to five centuries of Turkish rule of Western Rumelia. When the sun went down, the coast of Albania was gradually ceasing to be visible in front of our eyes. The cession of the part of our homeland, where our ancestors irrigated with their blood for centuries and many old and new martyrs were buried, brought unacceptable heartbreak and nostalgia to our hearts. Today, Western Rumelia that is the victim of ignorance and politics, was fluttering in pathetic sorrows.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 2 August 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the Ankara Reserve Division, on 6 November, to the commander of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="2nd Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)">2nd Infantry Division</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 24 November, he was promoted to the rank of colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Marashall_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Portrait_of_Marashall_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Marashall_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Portrait_of_Marashall_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Marashall_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Portrait_of_Marashall_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Marashall_Fevzi_%C3%87akmak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2182" data-file-height="2743" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Marashall Fevzi Çakmak by Hüseyin Avni Lifij</figcaption></figure> <p>On 22 December 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="V Corps (Ottoman Empire)">V Corps</a>. His corps engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">defense of Gallipoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 March 1915, he was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Mirliva" title="Mirliva">Mirliva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived at the Gallipoli Front on 13 July and command his corps in battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gully_Ravine#Achi_Baba_Nullah_(2._Kerevizdere_Battle)" title="Battle of Gully Ravine">Achi Baba</a> (<i>İkinci Kerevizdere Muharebesi</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sari_Bair" title="Battle of Sari Bair">Sari Bair</a>. On 8 August, his younger brother, the <a href="/wiki/Company_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Company commander">commander</a> of the 1st Company of the 2nd Battalion of the 64th Regiment, Lieutenant Mehmed Nazif Efendi was killed in action in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chunuk_Bair" title="Battle of Chunuk Bair">Battle of Chunuk Bair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mehmed_Nazif_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehmed_Nazif-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 December 1915, he served concurrently as the commander of the Anafartalar Group. In April 1916, he was appointed to the 3rd military district of Eastern Front and on 7 September 1916, to the commander of <a href="/wiki/II_Caucasian_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="II Caucasian Corps (Ottoman Empire)">II Caucasian Corps</a>, which consisted of the 5th, 11th and 37th Caucasian divisions. On 5 July 1917, he was appointed to the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Second Army (Ottoman Empire)">Second Army</a> at <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbekir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 October 1917, he was assigned to the command of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">Seventh Army</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai and Palestine Campaign">Sinai and Palestine Front</a> and he remained in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> until 18 October and began to move his headquarters forward to Halilürrahman and arrived there on 23 October.<sup id="cite_ref-Effectiveness115_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Effectiveness115-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Falkenhayn" title="Erich von Falkenhayn">Erich von Falkenhayn</a> gave Fevzi control of <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a> and the eastern half of the Palestine Front on 28 October. But Falkenhayn gave an alternate set of orders on the same day, giving command of all units on the Sinai Front to <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_Kress_von_Kressenstein" title="Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein">Kress von Kressenstein</a> until the new command arrangements would become functional<sup id="cite_ref-Effectiveness120_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Effectiveness120-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 February 1918, he wrote to Erich von Falkenhayn, serious problems with the inefficient lines of communication and the supply and recruiting zone proportionate with the strength and situation of the army. Moreover, he mentioned that here were combat skills proficiency problems caused by the inability of his under-strength army to withdraw front-line units for training in the rear area.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 July 1918, he was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Ferik_(rank)" title="Ferik (rank)">Ferik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in August 1918 he fell ill and went to Istanbul to get medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War I, on 24 December 1918, Fevzi Pasha was appointed to the Chief of the General Staff of the Ottoman Empire. In April 1919, he met with <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eevket_Turgut_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Şevket Turgut Pasha">Şevket Turgut Pasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat Pasha</a> secretly in Constantinople and prepared a report called "Trio Oath" (<i>Üçler Misâkı</i>) to establish army inspectorate for the defense of homeland. In late April, Fevzi Pasha submitted this report to the Minister of War <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eakir_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şakir Pasha (page does not exist)">Şakir Pasha</a>. On 30 April 1919, the War Ministry and Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a> ratified the decision about the establishing of army inspectorates that had been accepted by the Chief of General Staff<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 May 1919, he was appointed to the commander of the Inspector of the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)#After_Mudros" title="First Army (Ottoman Empire)">1st Army Troops Inspectorate</a> (<i>Birinci Ordu Kıt'aatı Müfettişi</i>). On 3 November, he assigned to the task in <i>Heyet-i Nasîha</i> and on 31 December, he was appointed to the member of the Military Council (<i>Askerî Şûra</i>). He became the Minister of War of <a href="/wiki/Ali_R%C4%B1za_Pasha" title="Ali Rıza Pasha">Ali Rıza Pasha</a> Cabinet (3 February – 3 March 1920) and <a href="/wiki/Salih_Hulusi_Pasha" title="Salih Hulusi Pasha">Salih Pasha</a> Cabinet (8 March – 2 April 1920).<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_of_Independence">War of Independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: War of Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fevzi_cakmak.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fevzi_cakmak.png/150px-Fevzi_cakmak.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fevzi_cakmak.png/225px-Fevzi_cakmak.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fevzi_cakmak.png/300px-Fevzi_cakmak.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of Fevzi Çakmak</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commanders_of_the_Independence_War_(Turkey).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Commanders_of_the_Independence_War_%28Turkey%29.JPG/200px-Commanders_of_the_Independence_War_%28Turkey%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Commanders_of_the_Independence_War_%28Turkey%29.JPG/300px-Commanders_of_the_Independence_War_%28Turkey%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Commanders_of_the_Independence_War_%28Turkey%29.JPG/400px-Commanders_of_the_Independence_War_%28Turkey%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Commanders of the Army of Ankara government: 1st line: <a href="/wiki/Ferik_(rank)" title="Ferik (rank)">Ferik</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Fuat_Cebesoy" title="Ali Fuat Cebesoy">Ali Fuat (Cebesoy)</a>, Ferik <a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat (Çobanlı)</a>, Müşir <b>Fevzi (Çakmak)</b>, Ferik <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Karabekir" title="Kâzım Karabekir">Kâzım Karabekir</a>, Ferik <a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Altay" title="Fahrettin Altay">Fahrettin (Altay)</a>; 2nd line： <a href="/wiki/Mirliva" title="Mirliva">Mirliva</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_%C4%B0nan%C3%A7" title="Kâzım İnanç">Kazım (İnanç)</a>, Mirliva <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sait_Akbaytogan" title="Ali Sait Akbaytogan">Ali Sait (Akbaytogan)</a>, Mirliva <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hikmet_Ayerdem" title="Ali Hikmet Ayerdem">Ali Hikmet (Ayerdem)</a>, Mirliva <a href="/wiki/Kemalettin_Sami_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en" title="Kemalettin Sami Gökçen">Kemalettin Sami (Gökçen)</a>, Mirliva <a href="/wiki/Cafer_Tayyar_E%C4%9Filmez" title="Cafer Tayyar Eğilmez">Cafer Tayyar (Eğilmez)</a>, Mirliva <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zzettin_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Flar" title="İzzettin Çalışlar">İzzettin (Çalışlar)</a>, Mirliva <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Naili_G%C3%B6kberk" title="Şükrü Naili Gökberk">Şükrü Naili (Gökberk)</a>; 3rd line: Mirliva <a href="/wiki/As%C4%B1m_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz" title="Asım Gündüz">Asım (Gündüz)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miralay" title="Miralay">Miralay</a> <a href="/wiki/Alaaddin_Koval" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaaddin Koval">Alaaddin (Koval)</a>, Mirliva <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Sabri_Er%C3%A7etin" title="Mehmet Sabri Erçetin">Mehmet Sabri (Erçetin)</a>, Miralay <a href="/wiki/Sabit_Noyan" title="Sabit Noyan">Sabit (Noyan)</a>, Miralay <a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Halis_B%C4%B1y%C4%B1ktay" title="Ömer Halis Bıyıktay">Ömer Halis (Bıyıktay)</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>After the resignation of Salih Pasha Cabinet, he went to <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> to participate in the national movement arriving at <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> on 27 April 1920. On 3 May, he was elected the Minister of Defense (<i>Milli Müdafaa Vekili</i>) and Vice Prime Minister (<i>Heyet-i Vekile Riyaseti Vekili</i>) as a parliamentary deputy from <a href="/wiki/Kozan,_Adana" title="Kozan, Adana">Kozan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottoman Military Court declared a death sentence for him, in absentia. This sentence was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Takvim-i_Vakayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Takvim-i Vakayi">Takvim-i Vakayi</a></i> newspaper on 30 May 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became one of the founders of the "Official" <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkey_(Official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Turkey (Official)">Communist Party</a> established on 18 October 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 November, in addition to his existing tasks, he was temporarily appointed Vice Minister of the Chief of the General Staff, because the Chief of the General Staff İsmet Bey was continuously at the front as the commander of Western Front. On 24 January 1921,<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to his other tasks, he became Prime Minister (<i>Heyet-i Vekile Riyaseti</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 3 April, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Birinci_Ferik" class="mw-redirect" title="Birinci Ferik">Birinci Ferik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Kütahya-Eskişehir"><span id="Battle_of_K.C3.BCtahya-Eski.C5.9Fehir"></span>Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fevzi Çakmak took control of the Army after the Turkish loss in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Afyonkarahisar-Eski%C5%9Fehir" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Afyonkarahisar-Eskişehir">Kütahya-Altıntaş</a> under <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet Bey</a> (İnönü) and was able to stop the retreat of the Army of Grand National Assembly afterward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Sakarya">Battle of Sakarya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battle of Sakarya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sakarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sakarya">Battle of Sakarya</a>, on 5 August 1921, he resigned as the Minister of War and was appointed the Minister of the Chief of the General Staff.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Army of Grand National Assembly defeated the Greek forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sakarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sakarya">Battle of Sakarya</a> on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 July 1922, he resigned as the Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Offensive">Great Offensive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Great Offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fevzi Çakmak and <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a> planned and commandeered the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dumlup%C4%B1nar" title="Battle of Dumlupınar">Battle of Dumlupınar</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. On 31 August 1922, he was promoted to rank of Müşir (<a href="/wiki/Mare%C5%9Fal_(Turkey)" title="Mareşal (Turkey)">Mareşal</a>) with the recommendation of Mustafa Kemal.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They were and still are the only field marshals that the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> has had up till now. So even today<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, an unspecified nickname <i>Mareşal</i> (<a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a>) means Fevzi Çakmak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republican_era">Republican era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Republican era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10th_Anniversary_Speech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/10th_Anniversary_Speech.jpg/200px-10th_Anniversary_Speech.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/10th_Anniversary_Speech.jpg/300px-10th_Anniversary_Speech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/10th_Anniversary_Speech.jpg/400px-10th_Anniversary_Speech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1061" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a>'s 1933 speech at the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey, <i>left to right</i>: Chief of General Staff Mareşal Fevzi (Çakmak), President Gazi Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Speaker of the Grand National Assembly <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_%C3%96zalp" title="Kâzım Özalp">Kâzım Köprülü (Özalp)</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet (İnönü)</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fevzi_Cakmak_with_aircraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fevzi_Cakmak_with_aircraft.jpg/200px-Fevzi_Cakmak_with_aircraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fevzi_Cakmak_with_aircraft.jpg/300px-Fevzi_Cakmak_with_aircraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fevzi_Cakmak_with_aircraft.jpg/400px-Fevzi_Cakmak_with_aircraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Fevzi Çakmak posing in front of an aircraft</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musul_offensive_plan">Musul offensive plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Musul offensive plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 August 1923, he was elected a deputy from Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 March 1924, he was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Turkish_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Turkish General Staff">Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He quit politics by resigning from the parliament on 31 October 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_Reform_Council_in_the_East">Member of the Reform Council in the East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Member of the Reform Council in the East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1925, after the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Said_rebellion" title="Sheikh Said rebellion">Sheikh Said rebellion</a>, he was a member of the Reform Council of the East (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Turkish: Şark İslahat Encümeni</i>) which delivered the <a href="/wiki/1925_Report_for_Reform_in_the_East_(Turkey)" title="1925 Report for Reform in the East (Turkey)">Report for Reform in the East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Şark İslahat Raporu</i>), which recommended the suppression of the Kurdish elite and establishment of <a href="/wiki/Inspectorates-General_(Turkey)" title="Inspectorates-General (Turkey)">Inspectorates-General</a> that where governed by <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial Law</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this report, three of such Inspectorates–General were established in the Kurdish areas.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_Kurds">Views on Kurds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Views on Kurds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, he complained that the Kurds would still demand their right for self-determination like it was described in the <a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a> provided by US president <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and demanded the exclusion of any member of Kurdish race from the administration in <a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Candidate_to_be_Atatürk's_successor"><span id="Candidate_to_be_Atat.C3.BCrk.27s_successor"></span>Candidate to be Atatürk's successor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Candidate to be Atatürk's successor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His name was mentioned as a possible successor of Atatürk and as a Turkish war hero he was very respected amongst the Turkish political and civil society. But he denied his interest of becoming president mentioning Ismet Inönü as the official candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He retired on 12 January 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_kabir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_kabir.jpg/200px-Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_kabir.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_kabir.jpg/300px-Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_kabir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_kabir.jpg/400px-Fevzi_%C3%87akmak_kabir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Fevzi Çakmak's tomb</figcaption></figure> <p>He died on the morning of 10 April 1950 in his house in <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%9Fvikiye" title="Teşvikiye">Teşvikiye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral service was held at the <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II_Mosque,_Istanbul" title="Bayezid II Mosque, Istanbul">Beyazıt</a> and he was laid to rest in <a href="/wiki/Ey%C3%BCp_Cemetery" title="Eyüp Cemetery">Eyüp Cemetery</a>, Istanbul, on 12 April 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family rejected an effort to exhume his body and effect a transfer to <a href="/wiki/Turkish_State_Cemetery" title="Turkish State Cemetery">Turkish State Cemetery</a> in Ankara. </p><p>He knew French, English, German, Russian, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spoke French and translated English and German.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medals_and_decorations">Medals and decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Medals and decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imtiyaz_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Imtiyaz Medal">Imtiyaz Medal</a> in Silver (23 January 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Medjidie" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Medjidie">Order of Medjidie</a>, 5th class (22 August 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Osmanieh" title="Order of Osmanieh">Order of Osmanieh</a>, 4th class (17 July 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Star_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Star (Ottoman Empire)">Harp Madalyası</a> (2 October 1915)</li> <li>Silver (18 November 1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a>, 2nd class (Germany, 26 December 1915)</li> <li>Gold <a href="/wiki/Liakat_Medal" title="Liakat Medal">Liakat Medal</a> (17 January 1916)</li> <li>War Medal (Germany, 21 October 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mtiyaz_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="İmtiyaz Medal">İmtiyaz Medal</a> in Gold (11 November 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Merit_Cross_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)">Military Merit Cross</a>, 2nd class (Austria-Hungary, 3 April 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osminieh_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Osminieh Order">Order of the Osmanî</a> with Swords, 2nd class (23 September 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osminieh_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Osminieh Order">Order of the Osmanî</a> with Swords, 1st class (7 January 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Order of the Crown (Württemberg)">Order of the Crown</a> (Württemberg, 19 June 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Independence_(Turkey)" title="Medal of Independence (Turkey)">Medal of Independence</a> with Red-Green Ribbon (21 November 1923) & Citation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fevzi Çakmak (Mareşal), <i>Garbî Rumeli'nin Suret-i Ziya-ı ve Balkan Harbinde Garp Cephesi Hakkında. Konferanslar</i>, Erkan-ı Harbiye Mektebi Matbaası, İstanbul, 1927.</li> <li>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak, <i>Büyük Harpte Şark Cephesi Hareketleri</i>, Gen.Kur. Basımevi, Ankara, 1936.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-size:75%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Kamile<br />(?–1915)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Limnili Hacı Derviş<br />Hüseyin Kaptan<br />(1782?–1897/98)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Üzile</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Hoca Bekir Efendi<br />(1815–1898)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Fitnat</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Hasan Vasfi<br />(1858–1927)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Hacı Rasim<br />(1870–1945)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Tevfik</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Ali Sırrı<br />(1855/6-1914)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Hesna</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Ayşe Şahver</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Ali Nuri<br />(1866–1901)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Emine Eda</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Mehmed Nazif<br />(1882 – 8 August 1915 <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Mehmed_Nazif_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehmed_Nazif-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Muhtar<br />(1884 – 16 November 1912 <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Günlükleri_I-191_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Günlükleri_I-191-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Sami<br />(1892–1909)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Nebahat<br />(1894–1986)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:LimeGreen;"><b>MUSTAFA FEVZİ ÇAKMAK</b><br />("Mareşal")</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Fatma Fitnat<br />(1891–1969)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Münir</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">M. Şefik Çakmak<br />(1892–1966)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Cyan;">Nigar Çakmak<br />(1909–1982)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">A. Muazzez<br />(1911–1939)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Burhan Toprak<br />(1906–1967)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:LightSkyBlue"><a href="/wiki/Professor_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor emeritus">Professor emeritus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_S._%C3%87akmak" class="extiw" title="tr:Ahmet S. Çakmak">Ahmet Şefik Çakmak</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(1934–)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Noriko Nagafuji Çakmak<br /><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Ja</a> チャクマク・長藤紀子<br />(1949–)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Erika Leila<br />(1972–)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:#F5FFFA;">Lisa Ayla<br />(1978–)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-ranking_commanders_of_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence">List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, 1997, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-409-098-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-409-098-7">978-975-409-098-7</a>, p. 2, TBMM Arşivi; VIII. Dönem İstanbul millet vekili Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın hâl tercümesi, sicil no. 293, defter no. 486, zarf no. 32. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nilüfer Hatemi, <i>Günlükleri</i>, II. Cilt, p. 907.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsk.tr/1_TSK_HAKKINDA/1_2_Genelkurmay_Baskanlari/konular/fevzi_cakmak.htm">Fevzi Çakmak</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100927074623/http://www.tsk.tr/1_TSK_HAKKINDA/1_2_Genelkurmay_Baskanlari/konular/fevzi_cakmak.htm">Archived</a> 27 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Chief of the General Staff <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Millı̂ Kültür, p;7, Kültür Bakanlığı (1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canakkaletravel.com/yazi/maresal-fevzi-cakmakin-buyuk-dedesinin-mezari-ve-evi.html">"Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın Büyük Dedesi'nin Mezarı ve Evi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mare%C5%9Fal+Fevzi+%C3%87akmak%27%C4%B1n+B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk+Dedesi%27nin+Mezar%C4%B1+ve+Evi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canakkaletravel.com%2Fyazi%2Fmaresal-fevzi-cakmakin-buyuk-dedesinin-mezari-ve-evi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFevzi+%C3%87akmak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Millı̂ Kültür, p;7, Kültür Bakanlığı (1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gök3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gök3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gök3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nilüfer Hatemi, <i>Günlükleri</i>, II. Cilt, p. 910.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nusret Baycan, "Büyük Taarruz'da Komuta Kademelerinde Görev Alanlarla Üst Düzeydeki Karargâh Subayları", <i>Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi</i>, Sayı 26, Cilt: IX, Mart 1993, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=542">[1]</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genelkurmay52-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay52_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, <i>Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri</i>, Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 52. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genelkurmay53-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay53_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genelkurmay, <i>Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri</i>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayfer Özçelik, "Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak", <i>Millî Kültür</i>, Sayı: 83, Nisan 1991, Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 1991, p. 56. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nilüfer Hatemi, "Marshal Fevzi Cakmak’s Family and Education: A Formation Process" in <i>Identity and Identity Formation in the Ottoman Middle East and the Balkans: A Volume of the Essays in Honor of Norman Itzkowitz</i>, Baki Tezcan (ed.), <i>International Journal of Turkish Studies</i>, 13:1&2, (Fall 2007): p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genelkurmay54-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay54_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genelkurmay, <i>Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri</i>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defeat183-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Defeat183_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Defeat183_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward J. Erickson, <i>Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913</i>, Praeger, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97888-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97888-5">0-275-97888-5</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Günlükleri_I-191-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Günlükleri_I-191_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Günlükleri_I-191_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nilüfer Hatemi, <i>Günlükleri</i>, I. Cilt., p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson, <i>Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913</i>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fevzi Çakmak (Mareşal), <i>Garbî Rumeli'nin Suret-i Ziya-ı ve Balkan Harbinde Garp Cephesi Hakkında. Konferanslar</i>, Erkan-ı Harbiye Mektebi Matbaası, İstanbul, 1927, p. 475, modern Turkish text: ... 6 Haziran 1329 sabahı Karadeniz, akşama doğru da Gülcemal, seman iskelesinden hareket ettiler. Ben de Gülcemal'de indim. Garbî Rumeli'nde beş asırlık Türk hâkimiyetine veda ettik. Güneş batarken Arnavutluk sahilleri tedricen gözümüzün önünden siliniyordu. Atalarımızın asırlarca müdded kanlarıyla suladığı ve eski yeni birçok şühedamızın gömüldüğü vatan parçasının terki kalplerimizde nâ kabul izale acılar, hasretler tevlîd ediyordu. Cehalet ve politika kurbanı olan Garbî Rumeli elyevm elîm hicrânlar içinde çırpınmakadır.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehmed_Nazif-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mehmed_Nazif_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mehmed_Nazif_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kemal Arı, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.deu.edu.tr/atmer/atmer/uploaded_files/file/kemalarimakale/mulazimievvel_nazif.pdf">"Mülâzım-ı Evvel Mehmed Nazif Efendi'nin Conkbayırı'nda Şehit Düşüşü ve Buna İlişkin Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)'in Bir Mektubu"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301213313/http://web.deu.edu.tr/atmer/atmer/uploaded_files/file/kemalarimakale/mulazimievvel_nazif.pdf">Archived</a> 1 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Türk Tarih Kurumu, <i>Belleten</i>, LVIII/222 (Ağustos, 1994), pp. 451–459. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Effectiveness115-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Effectiveness115_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward J. Erickson, <i>Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study</i>, Routledge, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77099-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77099-6">978-0-415-77099-6</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Effectiveness120-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Effectiveness120_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson, <i>Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study</i>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson, <i>Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study</i>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zekeriya Türkmen, <i>Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)</i>, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-16-1372-8" title="Special:BookSources/975-16-1372-8">975-16-1372-8</a>, p. 105. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216005904/http://www.zafer.aku.edu.tr/tumb/foto34.htm">"Fotoğraflarla Büyük Taarruz"</a>. Archived from the original on 16 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foto%C4%9Fraflarla+B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk+Taarruz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zafer.aku.edu.tr%2Ftumb%2Ffoto34.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFevzi+%C3%87akmak" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Afyon_Kocatepe_University" title="Afyon Kocatepe University">Afyon Kocatepe University</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genelkurmay55-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genelkurmay55_28-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genelkurmay, <i>Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri</i>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sadri Karakoyunlu, "Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi'nin Yankıları (Melhâme-i Kübrâ Büyük Kan Seli veya büyük Savaş Alanı)", <i>Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi</i>, Sayı 31, Cilt: XI, Mart 1995, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=807">[2]</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zekeriya Türkmen, "Özdemir Bey’in Musul Harekatı ve İngilizlerin Karşı Tedbirleri (1921–1923)", <i>Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi</i>, Sayı 49, Cilt: XVII, Mart 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=270">[3]</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunyGöçekGocekNaimark2011" class="citation book cs1">Suny, Ronald Grigor; Göçek, Fatma Müge; Gocek, Fatma Muge; Naimark, Norman M.; Naimark, Robert and Florence McDonnell Professor of East European Studies Norman M. (23 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AoM8DwAAQBAJ&q=sark+islahat+enc%C3%BCmeni+turkey+Fevzi+Cakmak&pg=PA301"><i>A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 301–302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539374-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539374-3"><bdi>978-0-19-539374-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Question+of+Genocide%3A+Armenians+and+Turks+at+the+End+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=301-302&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539374-3&rft.aulast=Suny&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Grigor&rft.au=G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek%2C+Fatma+M%C3%BCge&rft.au=Gocek%2C+Fatma+Muge&rft.au=Naimark%2C+Norman+M.&rft.au=Naimark%2C+Robert+and+Florence+McDonnell+Professor+of+East+European+Studies+Norman+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAoM8DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsark%2Bislahat%2Benc%25C3%25BCmeni%2Bturkey%2BFevzi%2BCakmak%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFevzi+%C3%87akmak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJongerden2007" class="citation book cs1">Jongerden, Joost (28 May 2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/settlementissuet00jong_169"><i>The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War</i></a></span>. BRILL. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/settlementissuet00jong_169/page/n82">53</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2011-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2011-8"><bdi>978-90-474-2011-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Settlement+Issue+in+Turkey+and+the+Kurds%3A+An+Analysis+of+Spatial+Policies%2C+Modernity+and+War&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007-05-28&rft.isbn=978-90-474-2011-8&rft.aulast=Jongerden&rft.aufirst=Joost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsettlementissuet00jong_169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFevzi+%C3%87akmak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKieser2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Lukas_Kieser" title="Hans-Lukas Kieser">Kieser, Hans-Lukas</a> (19 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dersim-massacre-1937-1938.html/">"Dersim Massacre, 1937-1938 | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network"</a>. <i>dersim-massacre-1937-1938.html</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dersim-massacre-1937-1938.html&rft.atitle=Dersim+Massacre%2C+1937-1938+%7C+Sciences+Po+Mass+Violence+and+Resistance+-+Research+Network&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft.aulast=Kieser&rft.aufirst=Hans-Lukas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdersim-massacre-1937-1938.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFevzi+%C3%87akmak" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGingeras2019" class="citation book cs1">Gingeras, Ryan (2019). <i>Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Atatürk</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-879121-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-879121-8"><bdi>978-0-19-879121-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eternal+Dawn%3A+Turkey+in+the+Age+of+Atat%C3%BCrk&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-879121-8&rft.aulast=Gingeras&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFevzi+%C3%87akmak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_R%C4%B1za_Soyak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Rıza Soyak (page does not exist)">Hasan Rıza Soyak</a>, Atatürk's secretary, quotes Atatürk on the subject of his successor, "Of course, the right to speak and elect belongs to nation and its representative Grand National Assembly. But I'll state my opinion about this issue. Firstly İsmet Paşa comes to mind; he has performed many great contributions to this country. However, for some reason he seems not to get (sic) public sympathy. So he should not be very attractive (sic). And Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak, he has great contributions in this country and also he fared well with everyone, he always has appreciated opinions of owners of authority; he is in a fight with nobody. In this regard, I think he is the most appropriate friend for the Head of State". Atatürk'ten Hatıralar<i>, Yapıkredi Yayınları, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-08-0882-7" title="Special:BookSources/975-08-0882-7">975-08-0882-7</a>, p. 717.<span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mareşal Fevzi Çakmağı dün sabah kaybettik", <i><a href="/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet">Cumhuriyet</a></i>, 26 ncı yıl Sayı: 9221, Tuesday 11 April 1950. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mareşal Çakmağı Dün Toprağa Verdik", <i>Cumhuriyet</i>, 26 ncı yıl Sayı: 9223, Thursday 13 April 1950. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayrullah Gök, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950</i>, appendix: 25, İstanbul Milletvekili Seçilen Fevzi Paşa için tanzim edilen tutanak.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/00/0522/p/emeritus.shtml">"Cakmak, Irby, Keaney, Miner, Obeyesekere, Peebles transfer to emeritus status"</a>, <i>Princeton Weekly Bulletin</i>, 22 May 2000, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/engineering/eqnews/summer00/feature10.html">Ahmet Çakmak named 2000 SEAS Distinguished Professor of the department of operations research and financial engineering</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orfe.princeton.edu/people/faculty">Ahmet Çakmak, Professor Emeritus, the department of operations research and financial engineering</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Süleyman Külçe, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: Askerî Hususî Hayatı</i>, Yeni Asır Matbaası, İzmir, 1946. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li>Sinan Omur, <i>Büyük Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın Askerî Dehâsı, Siyasî Hayatı</i>, Sinan Matbaası, İstanbul, 1962. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li>Ziya Tütüncü, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: büyük milletin, büyük askeri</i>, Milliyetçi Yayınlar, İstanbul, 1968. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Gümüş (page does not exist)">Ali Gümüş</a>, <i>Kahraman Asker Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak</i>, Tercüman Aile ve Kültür Kitaplığı, İstanbul, 1986. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li>Veli Yılmaz, <i>Fevzi Çakmak</i>, Kastaş Yayınları, İstanbul, 2006. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li>Rahmi Akbaş, <i>Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: 1876–1950</i>, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul, 2008. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adnan Çakmak, "Fevzi Çakmak'ın Hatıraları", <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet Gazetesi</a></i>, 10 April – 20 May 1975 (41 volumes). <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fevzi Çakmak">Fevzi Çakmak</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100927074623/http://www.tsk.tr/1_TSK_HAKKINDA/1_2_Genelkurmay_Baskanlari/konular/fevzi_cakmak.htm">General Staff official site</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/88667/Fevzi-Cakmak">"Fevzi Çakmak."</a> Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714104255/http://diglib.princeton.edu/ead/getEad?id=ark%3A%2F88435%2Fkw52j8088">"Fevzi Çakmak Diaries, 1911–1950."</a> Manuscripts Division. 2002. Princeton University Library.</li> <li>Mesut Çevikalp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903143020/http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/aksiyon/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=26468">"Mareşal'in gözyaşları"</a>, <i>Aksiyon</i>, Sayı: 800, 5 April 2010. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222021010/http://haber.gazetevatan.com/Haber/300321/1/Gundem">"Bir telefon bile etmedi. Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak’ın Amerika’daki öz torunu Ahmet Çakmak VATAN’a konuştu"</a>, <i>Vatan</i>, 16 April 2010. <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/038126">Newspaper clippings about Fevzi Çakmak</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Salih_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulusi Salih Pasha">Hulusi Salih (Kezrak)</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of War of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> </b><br />3 February 1920 – 3 March 1920 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b>Himself </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b>Himself </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of War of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> </b><br />8 March 1920 – 2 April 1920 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Damat_Ferid_Pasha" title="Damat Ferid Pasha">Damat Ferid</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_National_Defence_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of National Defence of Turkey">Minister of National Defense</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Ankara Government</a> </b><br />3 May 1920 – 5 August 1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Refet_Bele" title="Refet Bele">Refet (Bele)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Turkey">Prime Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Ankara Government</a> </b><br />24 January 1921 – 9 July 1922 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Orbay" title="Rauf Orbay">Rauf (Orbay)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)</a><br />(as proxy)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Second Army (Ottoman Empire)">Second Army</a> </b><br />5 July 1917 – 9 October 1917 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)</a><br />(never assumed)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">Seventh Army</a> </b><br />9 October 1917 – 7 August 1918 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat (Çobanlı)</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Ottoman_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chief of the General Staff (Ottoman Empire) (page does not exist)">Chief of the General Staff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> </b><br />24 December 1918 – 14 May 1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat (Çobanlı)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet (İnönü)</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chiefs_Turkish_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chiefs Turkish General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Ankara Government</a> </b><br />5 August 1921 – 29 October 1923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Office disestablished </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chiefs_Turkish_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chiefs Turkish General Staff">Chief of the General Staff of Turkey</a> </b><br />29 October 1923 – 12 January 1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Orbay" title="Kâzım Orbay">Kâzım Orbay</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fevzi Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Orbay" title="Kâzım Orbay">Kâzım Orbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Omurtak" title="Salih Omurtak">Salih Omurtak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafiz_G%C3%BCrman" title="Nafiz Gürman">Nafiz Gürman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_Yamut" title="Nuri Yamut">Nuri Yamut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Baransel" title="Nurettin Baransel">Nurettin Baransel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C4%B1_Tunaboylu" title="Hakkı Tunaboylu">Hakkı Tunaboylu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feyzi_Meng%C3%BC%C3%A7" title="Feyzi Mengüç">Feyzi Mengüç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Erdelhun" title="Rüştü Erdelhun">Rüştü Erdelhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag%C4%B1p_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fpala" title="Ragıp Gümüşpala">Ragıp Gümüşpala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Sunay" title="Cevdet Sunay">Cevdet Sunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemal_Tural" title="Cemal Tural">Cemal Tural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memduh_Ta%C4%9Fma%C3%A7" title="Memduh Tağmaç">Memduh Tağmaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_G%C3%BCrler" title="Faruk Gürler">Faruk Gürler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semih_Sancar" title="Semih Sancar">Semih Sancar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Ersin" title="Nurettin Ersin">Nurettin Ersin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_%C3%9Cru%C4%9F" title="Necdet Üruğ">Necdet Üruğ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necip_Torumtay" title="Necip Torumtay">Necip Torumtay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fan_G%C3%BCre%C5%9F" title="Doğan Güreş">Doğan Güreş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Hakk%C4%B1_Karaday%C4%B1" title="İsmail Hakkı Karadayı">İsmail Hakkı Karadayı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_K%C4%B1vr%C4%B1ko%C4%9Flu" title="Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu">Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilmi_%C3%96zk%C3%B6k" title="Hilmi Özkök">Hilmi Özkök</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkan%C4%B1t" title="Yaşar Büyükanıt">Yaşar Büyükanıt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lker_Ba%C5%9Fbu%C4%9F" title="İlker Başbuğ">İlker Başbuğ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C5%9F%C4%B1k_Ko%C5%9Faner" title="Işık Koşaner">Işık Koşaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_%C3%96zel" title="Necdet Özel">Necdet Özel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Akar" title="Hulusi Akar">Hulusi Akar</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_D%C3%BCndar" title="Ümit Dündar">Ümit Dündar</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_G%C3%BCler" title="Yaşar Güler">Yaşar Güler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Avsever" title="Musa Avsever">Musa Avsever</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_G%C3%BCrak" title="Metin Gürak">Metin Gürak</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Standard_of_General_staff_of_Turkish_Armed_Forces.svg/100px-Standard_of_General_staff_of_Turkish_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Standard_of_General_staff_of_Turkish_Armed_Forces.svg/150px-Standard_of_General_staff_of_Turkish_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Standard_of_General_staff_of_Turkish_Armed_Forces.svg/200px-Standard_of_General_staff_of_Turkish_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li>* Acting</li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicates Acting Chief during the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="2016 Turkish coup attempt">2016 Turkish coup attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Ministers_of_National_Defense_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_National_Defense_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of National Defense of Turkey">Ministers of National Defense</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fevzi Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refet_Bele" title="Refet Bele">Refet Bele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_%C3%96zalp" title="Kâzım Özalp">Kâzım Özalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Peker" title="Recep Peker">Recep 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class="new" title="Hüseyin Hüsnü Çakır (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Hüsnü Çakır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refik_%C5%9Eevket_%C4%B0nce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refik Şevket İnce (page does not exist)">Refik Şevket İnce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Hulusi_K%C3%B6ymen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Hulusi Köymen (page does not exist)">Ahmet Hulusi Köymen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyfi_Kurtbek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyfi Kurtbek (page does not exist)">Seyfi Kurtbek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenan_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenan Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Kenan Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethem_Menderes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethem Menderes">Ethem Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Fuat_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Mehmet Fuat Köprülü">Mehmet Fuat Köprülü</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a>*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eemi_Ergin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şemi Ergin (page does not exist)">Hasan Şemi Ergin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethem_Menderes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethem Menderes">Ethem Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel" title="Cemal Gürsel">Cemal Gürsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_%C3%96zdilek" title="Fahrettin Özdilek">Fahrettin Özdilek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Ataman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Ataman (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Ataman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffer_Alanku%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffer Alankuş (page does not exist)">Muzaffer Alankuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhami_Sancar" title="İlhami Sancar">İlhami Sancar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Din%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Dinçer (page does not exist)">Hasan Dinçer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Haz%C4%B1m_Da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Hazım Dağlı (page does not exist)">Mustafa Hazım Dağlı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Topalo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Topaloğlu (page does not exist)">Ahmet Topaloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferit_Melen" title="Ferit Melen">Ferit Melen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_%C4%B0zmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet İzmen (page does not exist)">Mehmet İzmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhami_Sancar" title="İlhami Sancar">İlhami Sancar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Esat_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Hasan Esat Işık">Hasan Esat Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhami_Sancar" title="İlhami Sancar">İlhami Sancar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferit_Melen" title="Ferit Melen">Ferit Melen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Esat_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Hasan Esat Işık">Hasan Esat Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadettin_Bilgi%C3%A7" title="Sadettin Bilgiç">Sadettin Bilgiç</a></li> <li>Cihat Bilgehan*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turhan_Kapanl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turhan Kapanlı (page does not exist)">Turhan Kapanlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Esat_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Hasan Esat Işık">Hasan Esat Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ne%C5%9Fet_Akmandor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neşet Akmandor (page does not exist)">Neşet Akmandor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C4%B0hsan_Birincio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet İhsan Birincioğlu (page does not exist)">Ahmet İhsan Birincioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_Haluk_Bay%C3%BClken" title="Ümit Haluk Bayülken">Ümit Haluk Bayülken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeki_Yavuzt%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeki Yavuztürk (page does not exist)">Zeki Yavuztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ercan_Vuralhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ercan Vuralhan (page does not exist)">Ercan Vuralhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_Giray" title="Safa Giray">Safa Giray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCne%C5%9F_Taner" title="Güneş Taner">Güneş Taner</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Hüsnü Doğan">Hüsnü Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Yazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yazar (page does not exist)">Mehmet Yazar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barlas_Do%C4%9Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barlas Doğu (page does not exist)">Barlas Doğu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevzat_Ayaz" title="Nevzat Ayaz">Nevzat Ayaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_G%C3%B6lhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Gölhan (page does not exist)">Mehmet Gölhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vefa_Tan%C4%B1r" title="Vefa Tanır">Vefa Tanır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oltan_Sungurlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Oltan Sungurlu">Oltan Sungurlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turhan_Tayan" title="Turhan Tayan">Turhan Tayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_Sezgin" title="İsmet Sezgin">İsmet Sezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmet_Sami_T%C3%BCrk" title="Hikmet Sami Türk">Hikmet Sami Türk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabahattin_%C3%87akmako%C4%9Flu" title="Sabahattin Çakmakoğlu">Sabahattin Çakmakoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecdi_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl" title="Vecdi Gönül">Vecdi Gönül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="İsmet Yılmaz">İsmet Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fikri_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Fikri Işık">Fikri Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli" title="Nurettin Canikli">Nurettin Canikli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Akar" title="Hulusi Akar">Hulusi Akar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_G%C3%BCler" title="Yaşar Güler">Yaşar Güler</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MSB-Logo.png/100px-MSB-Logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MSB-Logo.png/150px-MSB-Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MSB-Logo.png/200px-MSB-Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>*Acting Minister</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="Template:Prime ministers of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Prime_ministers_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime ministers of Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Government of the Grand <br />National Assembly</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1920–1923)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fevzi Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Orbay" title="Rauf Orbay">Rauf Orbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1923–2018)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refik_Saydam" title="Refik Saydam">Refik Saydam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Fikri_T%C3%BCzer" title="Ahmet Fikri Tüzer">Ahmet Fikri Tüzer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Peker" title="Recep Peker">Recep Peker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Saka" title="Hasan Saka">Hasan Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eemsettin_G%C3%BCnaltay" title="Şemsettin Günaltay">Şemsettin Günaltay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel" title="Cemal Gürsel">Cemal Gürsel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahri_%C3%96zdilek" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahri Özdilek">Fahri Özdilek</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suat_Hayri_%C3%9Crg%C3%BCpl%C3%BC" title="Suat Hayri Ürgüplü">Suat Hayri Ürgüplü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erim" title="Nihat Erim">Nihat Erim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferit_Melen" title="Ferit Melen">Ferit Melen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Talu" title="Naim Talu">Naim Talu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadi_Irmak" title="Sadi Irmak">Sadi Irmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ulusu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bülent Ulusu">Bülent Ulusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ali_Bozer" title="Ali Bozer">Ali Bozer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> denote acting prime ministers.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328331#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328331#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328331#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000050431520">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6021246">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/331466/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjHcyt8cywqCPvk7JG4MP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129794368">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93046261">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16108134p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16108134p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p227926900">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007448985305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cakmak-fevzi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_Çakmak&oldid=1259338399">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_Çakmak&oldid=1259338399</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1876_births" title="Category:1876 births">1876 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950_deaths" title="Category:1950 deaths">1950 deaths</a></li><li><a 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