CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Vande Mataram - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"551c7f4d-c4d4-4c26-8669-ddbc6624fbc6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Vande_Mataram","wgTitle":"Vande Mataram","wgCurRevisionId":1261901208,"wgRevisionId":1261901208,"wgArticleId":231519,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from September 2013","Use dmy dates from July 2020","Articles with hAudio microformats","Articles containing Bengali-language text","Articles containing Hindi-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021","Indian literature","Indian patriotic songs", "Indian anthems","19th-century Sanskrit literature","Songs in Bengali","Indian political slogans"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Vande_Mataram","wgRelevantArticleId":231519,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader": true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q279417","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player", "mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png/1200px-Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1696"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png/800px-Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1131"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png/640px-Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="905"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Vande Mataram - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Vande_Mataram rootpage-Vande_Mataram skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vande+Mataram" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vande+Mataram" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vande+Mataram" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vande+Mataram" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lyrics_of_the_song" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyrics_of_the_song"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lyrics of the song</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lyrics_of_the_song-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lyrics of the song subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lyrics_of_the_song-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lyrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Translation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Translation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Translation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Translation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Translation_into_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation_into_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Translation into other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation_into_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History and significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_independence_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_independence_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Indian independence movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_independence_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate_on_adoption_as_national_song_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate_on_adoption_as_national_song_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Debate on adoption as national song of India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate_on_adoption_as_national_song_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performances_and_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performances_and_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Performances and interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performances_and_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vande Mataram</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C" title="বন্দে মাতৰম্‌ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বন্দে মাতৰম্‌" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C" title="বন্দে মাতরম্‌ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বন্দে মাতরম্‌" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="बंदे मातरम् – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बंदे मातरम्" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AD_%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ވަންދޭ މާތަރަމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވަންދޭ މާތަރަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_mataram" title="Vande mataram – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vande mataram" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D" title="વંદે માતરમ્ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વંદે માતરમ્" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Վանդե Մատարամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վանդե Մատարամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वन्दे मातरम् – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वन्दे मातरम्" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಂದೇ ಮಾತರಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಂದೇ ಮಾತರಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_nemzeti_dala" title="India nemzeti dala – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="India nemzeti dala" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വന്ദേ മാതരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വന്ദേ മാതരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="वंदे मातरम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वंदे मातरम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वन्दे मातरम् – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वन्दे मातरम्" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%87_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AE" title="ବନ୍ଦେ ମାତରମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବନ୍ଦେ ମାତରମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਵੰਦੇ ਮਾਤਰਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੰਦੇ ਮਾਤਰਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85" title="بندے ماترم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بندے ماترم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ванде Матарам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ванде Матарам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वन्दे मातरम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वन्दे मातरम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8E_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%85" title="ڤاندێ ماتەرەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤاندێ ماتەرەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வந்தே மாதரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வந்தே மாதரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="వందేమాతరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వందేమాతరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="วันเดมาตรัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วันเดมาตรัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vande Mataram" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ванде Матарам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ванде Матарам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85" title="بندے ماترم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بندے ماترم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q279417#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Vande_Mataram" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Vande_Mataram" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Vande_Mataram" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&oldid=1261901208" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Vande_Mataram&id=1261901208&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVande_Mataram"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVande_Mataram"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vande_Mataram&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vande_Mataram" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q279417" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National song of India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the poem and song. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vande Mataram (disambiguation)">Vande Mataram (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bande Mataram" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bande_Mataram_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bande Mataram (disambiguation)">Bande Mataram (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title infobox-anthem-caption">Vande Mataram</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_(Raag_Desh).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png/220px-Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png/330px-Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png/440px-Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png 2x" data-file-width="9924" data-file-height="14028" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Vande Mataram written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee set to Raag Desh as performed on All India Radio</div></td></tr><tr style="font-weight:bold;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />National song of <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lyrics</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anandamath" title="Anandamath">Anandamath</a></i> (1882)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Music</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jadunath_Bhattacharya" title="Jadunath Bhattacharya">Jadunath Bhattacharya</a> (original)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Hemanta_Mukherjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemanta Mukherjee">Hemanta Mukherjee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anand_Math" title="Anand Math">film version</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">24 January 1950<br />(24 January 1950<span class="noprint">; 74 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1950-01-24</span>)</span>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #E6E8FA">Audio sample</th></tr><tr class="haudio"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em"><div style="display:inline-block;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="146" data-mwtitle="Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg/Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AVande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="description">Vande Mataram played on the <a href="/wiki/Mohan_veena" title="Mohan veena">Mohan veena</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Mohan_Bhatt" title="Vishwa Mohan Bhatt">Vishwa Mohan Bhatt</a> in 2017</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg" title="File:Vande Mataram on Mohan Veena.ogg">file</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">help</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vande Mātaram</b> (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>: वंदे मातरम् <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: বন্দে মাতরম্‌ <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Bônde Mātôrôm</i></span>; <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> I praise you, Motherland</span>) is a poem written in <a href="/wiki/Sadhu_bhasha" title="Sadhu bhasha">Sanskritised Bengali</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a> in the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first two verses of the poem were adopted as the National Song of India in October 1937 by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gandhi1939vm_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gandhi1939vm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poem was first published in 1882 as part of Chatterjee's <a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Anandmath" class="mw-redirect" title="Anandmath">Anandmath</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an ode to the motherland, personified as the "mother goddess" in later verses, of the people. This initially referred to <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, with the "mother" figure therefore being <a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Banga Mata</a> (Mother Bengal), though the text does not mention this explicitly.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian nationalist and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a> referred <i>Vande Mataram</i> as the "national Anthem of Bengal".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, the poem played a vital role in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>. It first gained political significance when it was recited by <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> at Congress in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Song_of_India_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Song_of_India-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eck2012p95_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eck2012p95-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1905, it had become popular amongst political activists and freedom fighters as a marching song.<sup id="cite_ref-Eck2012p95_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eck2012p95-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song, as well as <i>Anandmath</i>, were banned under <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial rule</a> under threat of imprisonment, making its use revolutionary. The ban was ultimately overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Indian government</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">independence</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterji2005p71_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterji2005p71-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 January 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a> adopted <i>Vande Mataram</i> as the Republic's national song. <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a> stated that the song should be honoured equally with the national anthem of India, <i><a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> does not make reference to a "national song",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a> filed an <i><a href="/wiki/Affidavit" title="Affidavit">affidavit</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_High_Court" title="Delhi High Court">Delhi High Court</a> in November 2022 stating that <i>Jana Gana Mana</i> and <i>Vande Mataram</i> would “stand on the same level”, and that citizens should show equal respect to both.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first two verses of the song make abstract reference to the "mother" and "motherland", without any religious connotation. However, later verses mention <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> goddesses such as <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the national anthem, there are no rules or decorum to be observed when reciting <i>Vande Mataram</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Muslims">Indian Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Sikh">Sikhs</a> have opposed the singing of Vande Mataram since in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland">homeland</a> cannot be considered as a mother.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The root of the Sanskrit word Vande is <i>Vand</i>, which appears in <i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i> and other Vedic texts.<sup id="cite_ref-vandemmw_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vandemmw-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier Monier-Williams</a>, depending on the context, <i>vand</i> means "to praise, celebrate, laud, extol, to show honour, do homage, salute respectfully", or "deferentially, venerate, worship, adore", or "to offer anything respectfully to".<sup id="cite_ref-vandemmw_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vandemmw-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>Mātaram</i> has Indo-European roots in <i>mātár-</i> (Sanskrit), <i>méter</i> (Greek), <i>mâter</i> (Latin) which mean "mother".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lyrics_of_the_song">Lyrics of the song</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lyrics of the song"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first two verses of <i>Vande Mataram</i> adopted as the "National Song" read as follows: </p> <table style="width: 70%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: left;"> <th style="width: 20%;"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali script</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width: 30%;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bengali" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Bengali">Bengali phonemic transcription</a>           </th> <th style="width: 20%;"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari script</a> </th> <th style="width: 30%;"><a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a> transliteration<sup id="cite_ref-National_Song_of_India_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Song_of_India-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="poem"> <p>বন্দে মাতরম্৷<br /> সুজলাং সুফলাং<br /> মলয়জশীতলাম্<br /> শস্যশ্যামলাং<br /> মাতরম্!<br /> বন্দে মাতরম্৷.<br /> <br /> শুভ্র-জ্যোৎস্না<br /> পুলকিত-যামিনীম্<br /> ফুল্লকুসুমিত<br /> দ্রুমদলশোভিনীম্,<br /> সুহাসিনীং<br /> সুমধুরভাষিণীম্<br /> সুখদাং বরদাং<br /> মাতরম্৷৷<br /> বন্দে মাতরম্৷ </p> </div> </td> <td> <div class="poem"> <p>Bônde mātôrôm<br /> sujôlāng suphôlāng<br /> môlôyôjôshītôlām<br /> shôsyô shyāmôlāng<br /> mātôrôm<br /> bônde mātôrôm<br /> <br /> shubhrô jyotsnā<br /> pulôkitô jāminīm<br /> phullô kusumitô<br /> drumôdôlôshobhinīm<br /> suhāsinīng<br /> sumôdhurôbhāshinī<br /> sukhôdāng bôrôdāng<br /> mātôrôm<br /> bônde mātôrôm </p> </div> </td> <td> <div class="poem"> <p>वन्दे मातरम्।<br /> सुजलाम् सुफलाम्<br /> मलयजशीतलाम्<br /> शस्यश्यामलाम् मातरम्।<br /> वन्दे मातरम्।<br /> <br /> शुभ्रज्योत्स्नाम्<br /> पुलकितयामिनीम्<br /> फुल्लकुसुमित<br /> द्रुमदलशोभिनीम्<br /> सुहासिनीम्<br /> सुमधुर भाषिणीम्<br /> सुखदाम् वरदाम्<br /> मातरम्॥<br /> वन्दे मातरम्। </p> </div> </td> <td> <div class="poem"> </div> </td> <td> <div class="poem"> <p><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">vande mātaram</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">sujalāṃ suphalāṃ</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">malayajaśītalām</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">śasyaśyāmalāṃ</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">mātaram</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">vande mātaram</i></span><br /> <br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">śubhrajyotsnām</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">pulakitayāminīm</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">phullakusumita</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">drumadalaśobhinīm</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">suhāsinīṃ</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">sumadhura bhāṣhiṇīm</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">sukhadāṃ varadāṃ</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">mātaram</i></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">vande mātaram</i></span> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyrics">Lyrics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The complete original lyrics of the <i>Vande Mataram</i> are available at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Vande Mataram"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram"><i>Vande Mataram</i> </a></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vande+Mataram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_rare_painting_of_our_national_song,_Vande_Mataram,_published_in_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_rare_painting_of_our_national_song%2C_Vande_Mataram%2C_published_in_1923.jpg/500px-A_rare_painting_of_our_national_song%2C_Vande_Mataram%2C_published_in_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_rare_painting_of_our_national_song%2C_Vande_Mataram%2C_published_in_1923.jpg/750px-A_rare_painting_of_our_national_song%2C_Vande_Mataram%2C_published_in_1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_rare_painting_of_our_national_song%2C_Vande_Mataram%2C_published_in_1923.jpg/1000px-A_rare_painting_of_our_national_song%2C_Vande_Mataram%2C_published_in_1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>A rare painting of Indian national song, Vande Mataram, published in 1923</figcaption></figure> <table class="toccolours" cellpadding="15" rules="cols"> <tbody><tr> <th><span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">বন্দে মাতরম্</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali Script</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Bengali" title="Romanisation of Bengali">Latin transliteration</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>) </th> <th><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">वन्दे मातरम्</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> transliteration) </th></tr> <tr> <td> <div title="Bengali-language text"><div lang="bn"><blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>বন্দে মাতরম্ ৷<br /> সুজলাং সুফলাং<br /> মলয়জশীতলাম্<br /> শস্যশ্যামলাং<br /> মাতরম্ !<br /> <br /> শুভ্র-জ্যোত্স্না-পুলকিত-যামিনীম্<br /> ফুল্লকুসুমিত-দ্রুমদলশোভিনীম্,<br /> সুহাসিনীং সুমধুরভাষিণীম্<br /> সুখদাং বরদাং মাতরম্ ৷৷<br /> <br /> সপ্তকোটীকন্ঠ-কল-কল-নিনাদকরালে,<br /> দ্বিসপ্তকোটীভুজৈধৃতখরকরবালে,<br /> অবলা কেন মা এত বলে !<br /> বহুবলধারিণীং<br /> নমামি তরিণীং<br /> রিপুদলবারিণীং<br /> মাতরম্ ৷<br /> <br /> তুমি বিদ্যা তুমি ধর্ম্ম<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> তুমি হৃদি তুমি মর্ম্ম<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> ত্বং হি প্রাণাঃ শরীরে ৷<br /> বাহুতে তুমি মা শক্তি,<br /> হৃদয়ে তুমি মা ভক্তি,<br /> তোমারই প্রতিমা গড়ি মন্দিরে মন্দিরে ৷<br /> <br /> ত্বং হি দুর্গা দশপ্রহরণধারিণী<br /> কমলা কমল-দলবিহারিণী<br /> বাণী বিদ্যাদায়িণী<br /> নমামি ত্বাং<br /> নমামি কমলাম্<br /> অমলাং অতুলাম্,<br /> সুজলাং সুফলাং<br /> মাতরম্<br /> <br /> বন্দে মাতরম্<br /> শ্যামলাং সরলাং<br /> সুস্মিতাং ভূষিতাম্<br /> ধরণীং ভরণীম্<br /> মাতরম্ ৷ </p> </div></blockquote></div></div> </td> <td> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Bande<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mātaram.<br /> Sujalāṃ suphalām<br /> Malayajaśītalām<br /> Śasyaśyāmalām<br /> Mātaram.<br /> <br /> Śubhra-jyotsnā-pulakita-yāminī<br /> Phullakusumita-drumadalaśobhinī,<br /> Suhāsinīṃ sumadhurabhāṣinīm<br /> Sukhadāṃ baradāṃ<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mātaram.<br /> <br /> Saptakoṭīkanṭha-kala-kala-ninādakarāle<br /> Dbisaptakoṭībhujaidhṛtakharakarabāle,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Abalā<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kena mā eta bale<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>!<br /> Bahubaladhārinīṃ<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Namāmi tarinīṃ<br /> Ripudalabārinīṃ<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Mātaram.<br /> <br /> Tumi bidyā<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tumi dharma<br /> Tumi hrṛdi tumi marma<br /> Tbaṃ<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hi prānāḥ śarīre.<br /> Bāhute tumi mā śakti,<br /> Hṛdaye tumi mā bhakti,<br /> Tomārai pratimā gaṛi mandire mandire.<br /> <br /> Tbaṃ<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hi Durgā daśapraharanadhārinī<br /> Kamalā kamala-dalabihārinī<br /> Bānī<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bidyādāyinī<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Namāmi tbaṃ<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Namāmi kamalām<br /> Amalāṃ atulām,<br /> Sujalāṃ suphalām<br /> Mātaram<br /> <br /> Bande<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mātaram<br /> Śyāmalām saralām<br /> Susmitām bhūṣitām<br /> Dharanīṃ bharanīṃ<br /> Mātaram. </p> </div></blockquote> </td> <td> <div title="Hindi-language text"><div lang="hi"><blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>वन्दे मातरम्<br /> सुजलां सुफलाम्<br /> मलयजशीतलाम्<br /> शस्यश्यामलाम्<br /> मातरम्।<br /> <br /> शुभ्रज्योत्स्नापुलकितयामिनीम्<br /> फुल्लकुसुमितद्रुमदलशोभिनीम्<br /> सुहासिनीं सुमधुर भाषिणीम्<br /> सुखदां वरदां मातरम्॥<br /> <br /> सप्त-कोटि-कण्ठ-कल-कल-निनाद-कराले<br /> द्विसप्त-कोटि-भुजैर्धृत-खरकरवाले,<br /> अवला केन मा एत वले<br /> वहुवलधारिणीं<br /> नमामि तारिणीं<br /> रिपुदलवारिणीं<br /> मातरम्॥<br /> <br /> तुमि विद्या, तुमि धर्म<br /> तुमि हृदि, तुमि मर्म<br /> त्वम् हि प्राणा: शरीरे<br /> बाहुते तुमि मा शक्ति,<br /> हृदये तुमि मा भक्ति,<br /> तोमारई प्रतिमा गडी मन्दिरे-मन्दिरे॥<br /> <br /> त्वम् हि दुर्गा दशप्रहरणधारिणी<br /> कमला कमलदलविहारिणी<br /> वाणी विद्यादायिनी,<br /> नमामि त्वाम्<br /> नमामि कमलाम्<br /> अमलां अतुलाम्<br /> सुजलां सुफलाम्<br /> मातरम्॥<br /> <br /> वन्दे मातरम्<br /> श्यामलाम् सरलाम्<br /> सुस्मिताम् भूषिताम्<br /> धरणीं भरणीं<br /> मातरम्॥ </p> </div></blockquote></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translation">Translation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1909magazine_vijaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1909magazine_vijaya.jpg/250px-1909magazine_vijaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/1909magazine_vijaya.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Cover of a 1909 issue of the Tamil magazine <i>Vijaya</i> showing "Mother India" (<a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a>) with her diverse progeny and the rallying cry "Vande Mataram"</figcaption></figure> <p>The first translation of <a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Anandamath" title="Anandamath">Anandamath</a></i>, including the poem <i>Vande Mataram</i>, into English was by <a href="/wiki/Nares_Chandra_Sen-Gupta" title="Nares Chandra Sen-Gupta">Nares Chandra Sen-Gupta</a>, with the fifth edition published in 1906 titled "The Abbey of Bliss".<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterji2005_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterji2005-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Here is the translation in <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> of the above two stanzas rendered by <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo Ghosh</a>. This has also been adopted by the Government of India's national portal.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Song_of_India_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Song_of_India-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original <i>Vande Mataram</i> consists of six stanzas and the translation in <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> for the complete poem by <a href="/wiki/Shri_Aurobindo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Aurobindo">Shri Aurobindo</a> appeared in <i>Karmayogin</i>, 20 November 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Mother, I bow to thee!<br /> Rich with thy hurrying streams,<br /> Bright with thy orchard gleams,<br /> Cool with the winds of delight,<br /> Dark fields waving, Mother of might,<br /> Mother free.<br /> <br /> Glory of moonlight dreams,<br /> Over thy branches and lordly streams,<br /> Clad in thy blossoming trees,<br /> Mother, giver of ease,<br /> Laughing low and sweet,<br /> Mother, I kiss thy feet,<br /> Speaker sweet and low,<br /> Mother, to thee I bow. [Verse 1]<br /> <br /> Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands,<br /> When the swords flash out in seventy million hands,<br /> And seventy million voices roar<br /> Thy dreadful name from shore to shore?<br /> With many strengths who art mighty and strong,<br /> To thee I call, Mother and Lord!<br /> Thou who savest, arise and save!<br /> To her I cry who ever her foemen drove<br /> Back from plain and Sea<br /> And shook herself free. [Verse 2]<br /> <br /> Thou art wisdom, thou art <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">law</a>,<br /> Thou art heart, our soul, our breath<br /> Thou art love divine, the awe<br /> In our hearts that conquers death.<br /> Thine the strength that nerves the arm,<br /> Thine the beauty, thine the charm.<br /> Every image divine.<br /> In our temples is but thine. [Verse 3]<br /> <br /> Thou art Goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>, Lady and Queen,<br /> With her hands that strike and her swords of sheen,<br /> Thou art Goddess Kamala (<a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lotus_throne" title="Lotus throne">lotus-throned</a>,<br /> And Goddess Vani (<a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a>), bestower of wisdom known<br /> Pure and perfect without peer,<br /> Mother lend thine ear,<br /> Rich with thy hurrying streams,<br /> Bright with thy orchard gleams,<br /> Dark of hue O candid-fair [Verse 4]<br /> <br /> In thy soul, with jewelled hair<br /> And thy glorious smile divine,<br /> Loveliest of all earthly lands,<br /> Showering wealth from well-stored hands!<br /> Mother, mother mine!<br /> Mother sweet, I bow to thee,<br /> Mother great and free! [Verse 5] </p> </div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bankim_chandra_chattopadhyay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Bankim_chandra_chattopadhyay.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="266" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_aurobindo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sri_aurobindo.jpg/200px-Sri_aurobindo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sri_aurobindo.jpg/300px-Sri_aurobindo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sri_aurobindo.jpg/400px-Sri_aurobindo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Ghose" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Aurobindo Ghose">Sri Aurobindo Ghose</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from the above <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> translation, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a> also translated <i>Vande Mataram</i> into a <a href="/wiki/Verse_(poetry)" title="Verse (poetry)">verse</a> form known as <i>Mother, I praise thee!</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sanyal_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanyal-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a> commented on his English translation of the poem that "It is difficult to translate the National Song of India into verse in another language owing to its unique union of sweetness, simple directness and high poetic force."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translation_into_other_languages">Translation into other languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Translation into other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vande Mataram has inspired many Indian poets and has been translated into numerous Indian languages, such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Odia, Malayalam, Assamese, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Urdu and others.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arif_Mohammad_Khan" title="Arif Mohammad Khan">Arif Mohammad Khan</a> translated Vande Mataram into Urdu.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be read in Urdu (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script) as: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Devanagari script</th> <th>Perso Arabic script (original orthography) </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"> <td><div class="poem"> <p>तस्लीमात, माँ तस्लीमात<br /> तू भरी है मीठे पानी से<br /> फल फूलों की शादाबी से<br /> दक्खिन की ठंडी हवाओं से<br /> फसलों की सुहानी फ़िज़ाओं से<br /> तस्लीमात, माँ तस्लीमात<br /> तेरी रातें रौशन चांद से<br /> तेरी रौनक सब्ज़-ए-फ़ाम से<br /> तेरी प्यार भरी मुस्कान है<br /> तेरी मीठी बहुत ज़ुबां है<br /> तेरी बांहों में मेरी राहत है<br /> तेरे क़दमों में मेरी जन्नत है<br /> तस्लीमात, माँ तस्लीमात<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </td> <td><div class="poem"> <p>تسلیمات، ماں تسلیمات<br /> تُو بھری ہیں میٹھے پانی سے<br /> پھل پھولوں کی شادابی سے<br /> دکھن کی ٹھنڈی ہواؤں سے<br /> پھسلوں کی سُہانی فضاؤں سے<br /> تسلیمات، ماں تسلیمات<br /> تیری راتیں روشن چاند سے<br /> تیری رونک سبزِ فام سے<br /> تیری پیار بھری مسکان ہے<br /> تیری میٹھی بہت زُباں ہے<br /> تیری باہوں میں میری راحت ہے<br /> تیرے قدموں میں میری جنت ہے<br /> تسلیمات، ماں تسلیمات </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_significance">History and significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History and significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a> was one of the earliest graduates of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta University">Calcutta University</a>. After his BA, he joined the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">colonial government</a> as a civil servant, becoming a Deputy Collector and later a Deputy Magistrate. Chattopadhyay was very interested in recent events in Indian and Bengali history, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1857" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt of 1857">Revolt of 1857</a> and the previous century's <a href="/wiki/Sanyasi_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyasi Rebellion">Sanyasi Rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipner_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipner-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, the administration was trying to promote "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" as the anthem for Indian subjects, which Indian nationalists disliked. It is generally believed that the concept of <i>Vande Mataram</i> came to <a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a> when he was still a government official, around 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-mustard_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote <i>Vande Mataram</i> at Chinsura (<a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Chuchura</a>), in a white colour house of Adhya Family near <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooghly river">Hooghly river</a> (near Jora Ghat) in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>. </p><p>Chattopadhyay wrote the poem in a spontaneous session using words from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>. The poem was published in Chattopadhyay's book <i><a href="/wiki/Anandamath" title="Anandamath">Anandamath</a></i> (pronounced <i>Anondomôţh</i> in Bengali) in 1882, which is set in the events of the Sannyasi Rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipner_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipner-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mustard_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jadunath Bhattacharya was asked to set a tune for this poem just after it was written.<sup id="cite_ref-mustard_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_independence_movement">Indian independence movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indian independence movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India_1907_(Nationalists_Flag).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_India_1907_%28Nationalists_Flag%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_India_1907_%28Nationalists_Flag%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_India_1907_%28Nationalists_Flag%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_India_1907_%28Nationalists_Flag%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_India_1907_%28Nationalists_Flag%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_India_1907_%28Nationalists_Flag%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Flag of India 1907</figcaption></figure> <p>"<i>Vande Mataram</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> was one of the most popular songs of protest during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>. The colonial government in response banned the book and made the recital of the song in public a crime.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterji2005p71_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterji2005p71-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colonial government imprisoned many <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence activists</a> for disobeying the order, but workers and general public repeatedly violated the ban many times by gathering together in the presence of colonial officials and singing it.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterji2005p71_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterji2005p71-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabindranath Tagore sang <i>Vande Mataram</i> in 1896 at the <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> Congress Session held at Beadon Square. Dakhina Charan Sen sang it five years later in 1901 at another session of the Congress at <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>. Poet Sarala Devi Chaudurani sang the song in the <a href="/wiki/Benares" class="mw-redirect" title="Benares">Benares</a> Congress Session in 1905. <a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a> started a journal called <i>Vande Mataram</i> from <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mustard_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hiralal_Sen" title="Hiralal Sen">Hiralal Sen</a> made India's first political film in 1905 which ended with the chant. <a href="/wiki/Matangini_Hazra" title="Matangini Hazra">Matangini Hazra</a>'s last words as she was shot to death by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown police</a> were <i>Vande Mataram</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Local_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Local-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Gandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/220px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/330px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/440px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption>Mahatma Gandhi supported the first two verses of Vande Mataram as a national song.<sup id="cite_ref-gandhi1939vm_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gandhi1939vm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1907, <a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a> (1861–1936) created the first version of India's national flag (the <a href="/wiki/Tiranga" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiranga">Tiranga</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany, in 1907. It had <i>Vande Mataram</i> written on it in the middle band.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A book titled <i>Kranti Geetanjali</i> published by Arya Printing Press (<a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>) and Bharatiya Press (<a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a>) in 1929 contains first two stanzas of this lyric on page 11<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <i>Matra Vandana</i> and a ghazal (Vande Mataram) composed by Bismil was also given on its back, i.e. page 12.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book written by the famous <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kakori" title="Kakori">Kakori</a> Pandit <a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a> was proscribed by the colonial government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mahatama Gandhi supported adoption and the singing of the Vande Mataram song. In January 1946, in a speech in <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colonial_Assam" title="Colonial Assam">Assam</a>), he urged that "Jai Hind should not replace Vande-mataram". He reminded everyone present that Vande-mataram was being sung since the inception of the Congress. He supported the "Jai Hind" greeting, but remanded that this greeting should not be to the exclusion of Vande Mataram. Gandhi was concerned that those who discarded Vande Mataram given the tradition of sacrifice behind it, one day would discard "Jai Hind" also.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debate_on_adoption_as_national_song_of_India">Debate on adoption as national song of India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Debate on adoption as national song of India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parts of the Vande Mataram was chosen as the national song in 1937 by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> as it pursued the independence of India from colonial rule, after a committee consisting of <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad" title="Maulana Azad">Maulana Azad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Chandra Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</a>, Acharya Deva, and <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> recommended the adoption.<sup id="cite_ref-noorani1039_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noorani1039-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire song was not selected by Hindu leaders in order to respect the sentiments of non-Hindus, and the gathering agreed that anyone should be free to sing an alternate "unobjectionable song" at a national gathering if they do not want to sing Vande Mataram because they find it "objectionable" for a personal reason.<sup id="cite_ref-noorani1039_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noorani1039-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the gathered leaders, including the Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, though the first two stanzas began with an unexceptionable evocation of the beauty of the motherland, in later stanzas there are references to the Hindu goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>. The <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> opposed the song. Thereafter, with the support of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian National Congress decided to adopt only the first two stanzas as the national song to be sung at public gatherings, and other verses that included references to Durga and <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> were expunged.<sup id="cite_ref-gandhi1939vm_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gandhi1939vm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a>, who was presiding the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a> on 24 January 1950, made the following statement which was also adopted as the final decision on the issue: </p> <blockquote><p>...The composition consisting of the words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it. (Applause). I hope this will satisfy the Members. </p><dl><dd>—<i>Constituent Assembly of India</i>, Vol. XII, 24-1-1950<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performances_and_interpretations">Performances and interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Performances and interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The poem has been set to a large number of tunes. The oldest surviving audio recordings date to 1907, and there have been more than a hundred different versions recorded throughout the 20th century. Many of these versions have employed traditional <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">classical</a> <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">ragas</a>. Versions of the song have been visualised on celluloid in a number of films, including <i><a href="/wiki/Leader_(1964_film)" title="Leader (1964 film)">Leader</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amar_Asha" title="Amar Asha">Amar Asha</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Anand_Math" title="Anand Math">Anand Math</a></i>. It is widely believed that the tune set for <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> station version was composed by <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mustard_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hemant_Kumar" title="Hemant Kumar">Hemant Kumar</a> composed music for the song in the movie <a href="/wiki/Anand_Math" title="Anand Math">Anand Math</a> in 1952. Many singers like <a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/K.S.Chithra" class="mw-redirect" title="K.S.Chithra">K.S.Chithra</a> sung made it cult classic.<sup id="cite_ref-red_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-red-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> conducted an international poll to choose ten most famous songs of all time. Around 7000 songs were selected from all over the world. <i>Vande Mataram</i>, from the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Anand_Math" title="Anand Math">Anand Math</a></i>, was ranked second.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All India Radio's version and some other versions are in <a href="/wiki/Desh_(raga)" title="Desh (raga)">Desh</a> <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">raga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2017, the Madras High Court ruled that the Vande Mataram shall be sung or played at least once a week in all schools, universities and other educational institutions of Tamil Nadu. The Court also ruled that the song should be played or sung in government offices and industrial facilities at least once a month.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anandmath" class="mw-redirect" title="Anandmath">Anandmath</a></i>— The novel from which "Vande Mataram" gained popularity</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a>"- The Indian national anthem</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shubh_Sukh_Chain" title="Shubh Sukh Chain">Shubh Sukh Chain</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Banga Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Thai" title="Tamil Thai">Tamil Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Thalli" title="Telugu Thalli">Telugu Thalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Thalli" title="Telangana Thalli">Telangana Thalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram_(album)" title="Vande Mataram (album)"><i>Vande Mataram</i> (album)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pledge_(India)" title="National Pledge (India)">National Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_anthems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state anthems">List of Indian state anthems</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">sometimes transcribed as ধর্ম</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">sometimes transcribed as মর্ম</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Vande"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a><br />  "varadāṃ"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Dvisaptakoṭībhujaidhṛtakharakaravāle"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Avalā"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "vale"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Vahuvaladhārinīṃ"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Ripudalavārinī"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "vidyā"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Tvaṃ"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Tvaṃ"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Vānī"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "vidyādāẏinī"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "tvaṃ"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration "Vande"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Rigveda 1.27.1; Sanskrit: अश्वं न त्वा वारवन्तं <b>वन्द</b>ध्या अग्निं नमोभिः । सम्राजन्तमध्वराणाम् ॥१॥ <a class="external text" href="https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१.२७">Wikisource</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Assamese version, re-translated into English, reads:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"O my own land,<br />O my dear land,<br />O my dear land,<br />A land bedecked with gentle streams,<br />A land that adorned with heavenly beauty,<br />It is such a motherland." – Lakshminath Bezbarua, Translated into English by A Mazumdar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This view of Gandhi was not isolated. In another interview, he said, "a song that carried such glorious associations of sacrifice as "Vandemataram" could never be given up. It would be like discarding one’s mother. But they could certainly add a new song or songs like the one mentioned to their repertoire of national songs after due thought and discrimination."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-song.php">https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-song.php</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/mataram.htm">"Vande Mataram"</a>. <i>www.mustrad.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mustrad.org.uk&rft.atitle=Vande+Mataram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mustrad.org.uk%2Farticles%2Fmataram.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818235841/http://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-song.php">"National Identity Elements - National Song - Know India: National Portal of India"</a>. <i>knowindia.gov.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-song.php">the original</a> on 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knowindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=National+Identity+Elements+-+National+Song+-+Know+India%3A+National+Portal+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowindia.gov.in%2Fnational-identity-elements%2Fnational-song.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Reporter2017" class="citation news cs1">Staff Reporter (14 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vande-mataram-was-in-sanskrit-ag-clarifies/article19273333.ece">"Vande Mataram was in Sanskrit, AG clarifies"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Vande+Mataram+was+in+Sanskrit%2C+AG+clarifies&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.au=Staff+Reporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftamil-nadu%2Fvande-mataram-was-in-sanskrit-ag-clarifies%2Farticle19273333.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gandhi1939vm-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gandhi1939vm_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gandhi1939vm_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gandhi1939vm_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gandhiashramsevagram.org/gandhi-literature/mahatma-gandhi-collected-works-volume-76.pdf">The National Flag</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316183933/http://gandhiashramsevagram.org/gandhi-literature/mahatma-gandhi-collected-works-volume-76.pdf">Archived</a> 16 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi</i>, Volume 76, 27 June 1939, pages 68–70 with footnote 1 on page 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabyasachi_Bhattacharya2003" class="citation book cs1">Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cJqfAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bande Mataram, the Biography of a Song</i></a>. Penguin Books. pp. 17–24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3"><bdi>978-0-14-303055-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bande+Mataram%2C+the+Biography+of+a+Song&rft.pages=17-24&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303055-3&rft.au=Sabyasachi+Bhattacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcJqfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._K._BOSE2015" class="citation book cs1">S. K. BOSE (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ytOhDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT89"><i>Bankim Chandra Chatterji</i></a>. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. pp. 88–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-230-2269-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-230-2269-7"><bdi>978-81-230-2269-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bankim+Chandra+Chatterji&rft.pages=88-92&rft.pub=Publications+Division+Ministry+of+Information+%26+Broadcasting&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-81-230-2269-7&rft.au=S.+K.+BOSE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DytOhDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabyasachi_Bhattacharya2003" class="citation book cs1">Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cJqfAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bande Mataram, the Biography of a Song</i></a>. Penguin. pp. 1–8, 73–76, 90–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3"><bdi>978-0-14-303055-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bande+Mataram%2C+the+Biography+of+a+Song&rft.pages=1-8%2C+73-76%2C+90-99&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303055-3&rft.au=Sabyasachi+Bhattacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcJqfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterview.net/2017/08/bankims-vande-mataram-originally.html">"Bankim's Vande Mataram originally referred to Banga Mata not Bharat Mata: Netaji's grand nephew in new book"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bankim%27s+Vande+Mataram+originally+referred+to+Banga+Mata+not+Bharat+Mata%3A+Netaji%27s+grand+nephew+in+new+book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterview.net%2F2017%2F08%2Fbankims-vande-mataram-originally.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.millenniumpost.in/sundaypost/in-retrospect/the-mother-in-bande-mataram-is-not-mother-india-235592">"The Mother in Bande Mataram is not Mother India"</a>. 8 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mother+in+Bande+Mataram+is+not+Mother+India&rft.date=2017-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.millenniumpost.in%2Fsundaypost%2Fin-retrospect%2Fthe-mother-in-bande-mataram-is-not-mother-india-235592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/833343/history-revisited-bande-mataram-was-written-as-a-song-about-bengal-not-india">"History revisited: 'Bande Mataram' was written as a song about Bengal – not India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+revisited%3A+%27Bande+Mataram%27+was+written+as+a+song+about+Bengal+%E2%80%93+not+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F833343%2Fhistory-revisited-bande-mataram-was-written-as-a-song-about-bengal-not-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-bharat-mata-from-freedom-struggle-metaphor-to-patriotisms-litmus-test/">"Bharat Mata: From freedom struggle metaphor to patriotism's litmus test"</a>. 21 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bharat+Mata%3A+From+freedom+struggle+metaphor+to+patriotism%27s+litmus+test&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Fin-fact-bharat-mata-from-freedom-struggle-metaphor-to-patriotisms-litmus-test%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a> commented on his English translation of the poem, "It is difficult to translate the National Anthem of Bengal into verse in another language owing to its unique union of sweetness, simple directness and high poetic force." Cited in Bhabatosh Chatterjee (ed.), <i>Bankim Chandra Chatterjee: Essays in Perspective</i>, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi, 1994, p. 601.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Song_of_India-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Song_of_India_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Song_of_India_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Song_of_India_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115003651/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=12">"National Song of India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=12">the original</a> on 15 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Song+of+India&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowindia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fnational_symbols.php%3Fid%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818235841/http://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-song.php">"National Song"</a>. <i>knowindia.gov.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-song.php">the original</a> on 18 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knowindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=National+Song&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowindia.gov.in%2Fnational-identity-elements%2Fnational-song.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eck2012p95-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eck2012p95_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eck2012p95_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiana_L._Eck2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diana_L._Eck" title="Diana L. Eck">Diana L. Eck</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uD_0P6gS-vMC"><i>India: A Sacred Geography</i></a>. New York: Random House (Harmony Books). pp. 95–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-53190-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-53190-0"><bdi>978-0-385-53190-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+A+Sacred+Geography&rft.pages=95-97&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Random+House+%28Harmony+Books%29&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-385-53190-0&rft.au=Diana+L.+Eck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuD_0P6gS-vMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatterji2005p71-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterji2005p71_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterji2005p71_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterji2005p71_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankimcandra_Chatterji2005" class="citation book cs1">Bankimcandra Chatterji (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YuzkrT6WuQ0C&pg=PA71"><i>Anandamath, or The Sacred Brotherhood</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803971-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803971-6"><bdi>978-0-19-803971-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anandamath%2C+or+The+Sacred+Brotherhood&rft.pages=71-78&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-803971-6&rft.au=Bankimcandra+Chatterji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYuzkrT6WuQ0C%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurobindo_Mazumdar2007" class="citation book cs1">Aurobindo Mazumdar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4YBhMfAgxIkC&pg=PA18"><i>Bande Mataram and Islam</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 18–22, 30–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5"><bdi>978-81-8324-159-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bande+Mataram+and+Islam&rft.pages=18-22%2C+30-31&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-8324-159-5&rft.au=Aurobindo+Mazumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4YBhMfAgxIkC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols">"National Symbols | National Portal of India"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Symbols+%26%23124%3B+National+Portal+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.gov.in%2Findia-glance%2Fnational-symbols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-hc-dismisses-plea-declare-vande-mataram-national-anthem-song-5855588/">"HC dismisses plea to declare 'Vande Mataram' as national anthem or song"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 27 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=HC+dismisses+plea+to+declare+%27Vande+Mataram%27+as+national+anthem+or+song&rft.date=2019-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fdelhi-hc-dismisses-plea-declare-vande-mataram-national-anthem-song-5855588%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-concept-of-national-song-in-constitution-says-sc/story-UYFUDprZTPnLUorcQIJ6dJ.html">"No concept of National Song in Constitution, says SC"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 17 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=No+concept+of+National+Song+in+Constitution%2C+says+SC&rft.date=2017-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fno-concept-of-national-song-in-constitution-says-sc%2Fstory-UYFUDprZTPnLUorcQIJ6dJ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jana-gana-vande-mataram-stand-on-same-level-govt-in-hc/articleshow/95343138.cms">"Jana Gana & Vande Mataram 'stand on same level': Govt in HC"</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. 7 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Jana+Gana+%26+Vande+Mataram+%E2%80%98stand+on+same+level%E2%80%99%3A+Govt+in+HC&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fjana-gana-vande-mataram-stand-on-same-level-govt-in-hc%2Farticleshow%2F95343138.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabyasachi_Bhattacharya2003" class="citation book cs1">Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cJqfAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bande Mataram, the Biography of a Song</i></a>. Penguin Books. pp. 34–37, 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3"><bdi>978-0-14-303055-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bande+Mataram%2C+the+Biography+of+a+Song&rft.pages=34-37%2C+81&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303055-3&rft.au=Sabyasachi+Bhattacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcJqfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumathi_Ramaswamy2009" class="citation book cs1">Sumathi Ramaswamy (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OWfcoMnHU8gC&pg=PA125"><i>The Goddess and the Nation: Mapping Mother India</i></a>. Duke University Press. pp. 125–142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9153-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9153-1"><bdi>978-0-8223-9153-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goddess+and+the+Nation%3A+Mapping+Mother+India&rft.pages=125-142&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-9153-1&rft.au=Sumathi+Ramaswamy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOWfcoMnHU8gC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/No-rules-on-singing-playing-of-Bande-Mataram-Government/articleshow/55582329.cms">"No rules on singing, playing of 'Bande Mataram': Government"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212223322/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/No-rules-on-singing-playing-of-Bande-Mataram-Government/articleshow/55582329.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=No+rules+on+singing%2C+playing+of+%27Bande+Mataram%27%3A+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FNo-rules-on-singing-playing-of-Bande-Mataram-Government%2Farticleshow%2F55582329.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/bharat-mata-ki-jai-controversy-continues-now-punjab-leader-says-won-t-chant-the-slogan-as-sikhs-don-t-worship-women-252470.html">https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/bharat-mata-ki-jai-controversy-continues-now-punjab-leader-says-won-t-chant-the-slogan-as-sikhs-don-t-worship-women-252470.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vandemmw-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vandemmw_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vandemmw_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monier Monier-Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0900/mw__0952.html">English Sanskrit Dictionary with Etymology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428170044/http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0900/mw__0952.html">Archived</a> 28 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Oxford University Press, page 919</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankimcandra_Chatterji2005" class="citation book cs1">Bankimcandra Chatterji (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WTZkBLct0C&pg=PA244"><i>Anandamath, or The Sacred Brotherhood</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534633-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534633-6"><bdi>978-0-19-534633-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anandamath%2C+or+The+Sacred+Brotherhood&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534633-6&rft.au=Bankimcandra+Chatterji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WTZkBLct0C%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Bispham2010" class="citation book cs1">Edward Bispham (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eNSqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32"><i>Edinburgh Companion to Ancient Greece and Rome</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2714-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2714-1"><bdi>978-0-7486-2714-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edinburgh+Companion+to+Ancient+Greece+and+Rome&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2714-1&rft.au=Edward+Bispham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeNSqBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._P._MalloryDouglas_Q._Adams1997" class="citation book cs1">J. P. Mallory; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC"><i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 385–386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-98-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-98-5"><bdi>978-1-884964-98-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indo-European+Culture&rft.pages=385-386&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-98-5&rft.au=J.+P.+Mallory&rft.au=Douglas+Q.+Adams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtzU3RIV2BWIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vignanam.org/veda/vande-mataram-bengali.html">"<i>Vande Mataram</i> in Bengali script"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002190121/http://www.vignanam.org/veda/vande-mataram-bengali.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vande+Mataram+in+Bengali+script&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vignanam.org%2Fveda%2Fvande-mataram-bengali.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vignanam.org/veda/vande-mataram-english.html">"<i>Vande Mataram</i> in Romanized Sanskrit"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002190045/http://www.vignanam.org/veda/vande-mataram-english.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vande+Mataram+in+Romanized+Sanskrit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vignanam.org%2Fveda%2Fvande-mataram-english.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatterji2005-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chatterji2005_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankimcandra_Chatterji2005" class="citation book cs1">Bankimcandra Chatterji (23 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4WTZkBLct0C&pg=PA44"><i>Anandamath, or The Sacred Brotherhood</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 44–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534633-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534633-6"><bdi>978-0-19-534633-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anandamath%2C+or+The+Sacred+Brotherhood&rft.pages=44-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-08-23&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534633-6&rft.au=Bankimcandra+Chatterji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4WTZkBLct0C%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurobindo_Mazumdar2007" class="citation book cs1">Aurobindo Mazumdar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4YBhMfAgxIkC&pg=PA4"><i>Vande Mataram and Islam</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5"><bdi>978-81-8324-159-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vande+Mataram+and+Islam&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-8324-159-5&rft.au=Aurobindo+Mazumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4YBhMfAgxIkC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanyal-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sanyal_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanyal.com/india/vande.html">"Sri Aurobindo's VERSE translation of <i>Vande Mataram</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927012813/http://www.sanyal.com/india/vande.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Aurobindo%27s+VERSE+translation+of+Vande+Mataram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanyal.com%2Findia%2Fvande.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bhabatosh Chatterjee (ed.), <i>Bankim Chandra Chatterjee: Essays in Perspective</i>, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi, 1994, p. 601.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurobindo_Mazumdar2007" class="citation book cs1">Aurobindo Mazumdar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4YBhMfAgxIkC&pg=PA23"><i>Vande Mataram and Islam</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 23–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5"><bdi>978-81-8324-159-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vande+Mataram+and+Islam&rft.pages=23-34&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-8324-159-5&rft.au=Aurobindo+Mazumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4YBhMfAgxIkC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurobindo_Mazumdar2007" class="citation book cs1">Aurobindo Mazumdar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4YBhMfAgxIkC&pg=PA23"><i>Vande Mataram and Islam</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 26–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-159-5"><bdi>978-81-8324-159-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vande+Mataram+and+Islam&rft.pages=26-27&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-8324-159-5&rft.au=Aurobindo+Mazumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4YBhMfAgxIkC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/unnecessary-and-irrelevant/232420">"Unnecessary And Irrelevant"</a>. <i>Outlook India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outlook+India&rft.atitle=Unnecessary+And+Irrelevant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fwebsite%2Fstory%2Funnecessary-and-irrelevant%2F232420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/education/gk-update/urdu-translation-of-vande-matram-by-arif-mohammed-khan/articleshow/70932050.cms">"केरल के गवर्नर बने आरिफ मोहम्मद खान, पढ़ें वंदे मातरम का उर्दू में उनका अनुवाद"</a>. <i>Navbharat Times</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navbharat+Times&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%2C+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavbharattimes.indiatimes.com%2Feducation%2Fgk-update%2Furdu-translation-of-vande-matram-by-arif-mohammed-khan%2Farticleshow%2F70932050.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lipner-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lipner_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lipner_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipner2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julius_J._Lipner" title="Julius J. Lipner">Lipner, Julius</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anandamathorsacr00chat"><i>Anandamath</i></a></span>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anandamathorsacr00chat/page/n41">27</a>–59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517858-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517858-6"><bdi>978-0-19-517858-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anandamath&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=27-59&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517858-6&rft.aulast=Lipner&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanandamathorsacr00chat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mustard-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mustard_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mustard_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mustard_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mustard_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mustard_60-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suresh Chandvankar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/mataram.htm">Vande Mataram</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060829065309/http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/mataram.htm">Archived</a> 29 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2003) at <i>Musical Traditions</i> (mustrad.org.uk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Local-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Local_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabarty1997" class="citation book cs1">Chakrabarty, Bidyut (1997). <i>Local Politics and Indian Nationalism: Midnapur (1919–1944)</i>. New Delhi: Manohar. p. 167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+Politics+and+Indian+Nationalism%3A+Midnapur+%281919%E2%80%931944%29&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Manohar&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Chakrabarty&rft.aufirst=Bidyut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306143120/http://www.rajyasabha.nic.in/photo/pm/p2.html">"p2"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rajyasabha.nic.in/photo/pm/p2.html">the original</a> on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=p2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frajyasabha.nic.in%2Fphoto%2Fpm%2Fp2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kranti Geetanjali</i> (Poems of Pt. Ram Prasad 'Bismil'), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7783-128-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-7783-128-3">81-7783-128-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<i>Kranti Geetanjali</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7783-128-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-7783-128-3">81-7783-128-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gandhiashramsevagram.org/gandhi-literature/mahatma-gandhi-collected-works-volume-89.pdf">Speech at Prayer Meeting (Guwahati, Assam)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316185043/http://gandhiashramsevagram.org/gandhi-literature/mahatma-gandhi-collected-works-volume-89.pdf">Archived</a> 16 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi</i>, 10 January 1946, page 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gandhiashramsevagram.org/gandhi-literature/mahatma-gandhi-collected-works-volume-89.pdf">Discussion with Political Workers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316185043/http://gandhiashramsevagram.org/gandhi-literature/mahatma-gandhi-collected-works-volume-89.pdf">Archived</a> 16 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi</i>, 1945, page 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noorani1039-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noorani1039_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noorani1039_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. G. Noorani (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4362722">Vande Mataram: A Historical Lesson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221011512/http://www.jstor.org/stable/4362722">Archived</a> 21 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, EPW, Vol. 8, No. 23 (9 Jun. 1973), pages 1039–1043</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarie_Cruz_Gabriel1996" class="citation book cs1">Marie Cruz Gabriel (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CiklIzcTIYUC&pg=PA238"><i>A Silence in the City and Other Stories</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. pp. 238–240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-0828-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-0828-6"><bdi>978-81-250-0828-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Silence+in+the+City+and+Other+Stories&rft.pages=238-240&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-250-0828-6&rft.au=Marie+Cruz+Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCiklIzcTIYUC%26pg%3DPA238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/cadebatefiles/C24011950.html">"Constituent Assembly of India Debates"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constituent+Assembly+of+India+Debates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F164.100.47.194%2Floksabha%2Fwritereaddata%2Fcadebatefiles%2FC24011950.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-red-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-red_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2003/jun/02dinesh.htm">Pradeep Kumar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182846/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2003/jun/02dinesh.htm">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff.com" title="Rediff.com">Rediff.com</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/us/features/topten/profiles/index.shtml">The Worlds Top Ten</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821022652/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/us/features/topten/profiles/index.shtml">Archived</a> 21 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — BBC World Service</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sawf.org/newedit/edit10012001/musicarts.asp">"Des: Tunes from the Countryside"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170118/http://www.sawf.org/newedit/edit10012001/musicarts.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Des%3A+Tunes+from+the+Countryside&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sawf.org%2Fnewedit%2Fedit10012001%2Fmusicarts.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/vande-mataram-singing-mandatory-madras-high-court-sanskrit-bengali/1/1010253.html">Madras High Court makes Vande Mataram mandatory in schools and colleges</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728222022/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/vande-mataram-singing-mandatory-madras-high-court-sanskrit-bengali/1/1010253.html">Archived</a> 28 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, India Today (25 July 2017)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, <i>Vande Mataram: The Biography of a Song</i>, Penguin Books, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303055-3">978-0-14-303055-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTagore1919" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore, Sir Rabindranath</a> (1919) [1916]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homeandworld01unkngoog"><i>The Home and the World</i></a>. Trans. from Bengali by Surendranath Tagore. London: MacMillan & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/228705970">228705970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Home+and+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MacMillan+%26+Co.&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F228705970&rft.aulast=Tagore&rft.aufirst=Sir+Rabindranath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomeandworld01unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVande+Mataram" class="Z3988"></span> Bande (with a B rather than a V) Mataram plays a great part in this novel about a Bengali family.</li> <li>"Vande Mataram : Biography of a Song" by Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Publisher:Penguin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143030553" title="Special:BookSources/9780143030553">9780143030553</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vande_Mataram" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Vande Mataram">Vande Mataram</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p><b>Vocals</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VReFdmBl0w&si=fs8m_sWhCcEAoC8c">Vande Mataram</a> <a href="/wiki/Hemant_Kumar" title="Hemant Kumar">Hemant Kumar</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a> in Anand Math(1951).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watc?v=iGWqGtPFbDQ&si=hkZbAil5lZaMyUgR">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hemant_Kumar" title="Hemant Kumar">Hemant Kumar</a> from the film Anand Math(1951) Original Version.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6PHJg9D_Sk">Vande Mataram</a>, Lata Mangeshkar in Anand Math (4:57 minutes)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t-qE2wTshs">Vande Mataram</a>, Amruta Suresh and Abhirami Suresh (4:36 minutes)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3g8nQuX8dUg">Vande Mataram</a>, Group song (1:09 minutes)</li></ul> <p><b>Debate</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115003651/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=12">"National Song" section</a>, Official Portal of the Indian Government</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1601/16010940.htm">How Secular is Vande Mataram?</a>, AG Noorani, Frontline</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5300996.stm">Boycott threat over Indian song</a>, BBC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501125728/http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20060902&fname=vandemataram&sid=4">1937 Congress Resolution on validity of Muslim objection to this song</a>, Outlook India</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_National_symbols_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_India" title="Template talk:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_National_symbols_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_India" title="National symbols of India">National symbols of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitutional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Flag of India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Flag)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">Emblem of India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Emblem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Motto)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Anthem)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vande Mataram</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Song)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pledge_(India)" title="National Pledge (India)">National Pledge</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pledge)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/160px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_peafowl" title="Indian peafowl">Indian peafowl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bird)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Flower)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficus_benghalensis" title="Ficus benghalensis">Banyan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tree)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Fruit)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Heritage animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Aquatic animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_cobra" title="King cobra">King cobra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Reptile)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Microber)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" title="Gandhi Jayanti">Gandhi Jayanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(River)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Indian Calendar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Calendar)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Works_of_Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Template:Bankim Chandra Chatterjee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Template talk:Bankim Chandra Chatterjee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bankim Chandra Chatterjee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_of_Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works of <a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bengali novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Durgeshnandini" title="Durgeshnandini">Durgeshnandini</a></i> (1865)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kapalkundala" title="Kapalkundala">Kapalkundala</a></i> (1866)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mrinalini_(novel)" title="Mrinalini (novel)">Mrinalini</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bishabriksha" title="Bishabriksha">Bishabriksha</a></i></li> <li><i>Indira</i></li> <li><i>Jugalanguriya</i></li> <li><i>Chandrashekhar</i></li> <li><i>Radharani</i></li> <li><i>Rajani</i></li> <li><i>Krishnakanter Will</i></li> <li><i>Rajsingha</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anandamath" title="Anandamath">Anandamath</a></i> (1882)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Chaudhurani" title="Devi Chaudhurani">Devi Chaudhurani</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i>Sitaram</i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bankimchandra_Chattapadhay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bankimchandra_Chattapadhay.jpg/100px-Bankimchandra_Chattapadhay.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bankimchandra_Chattapadhay.jpg/150px-Bankimchandra_Chattapadhay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bankimchandra_Chattapadhay.jpg/200px-Bankimchandra_Chattapadhay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Rajmohan's Wife</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary magazine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bangadarshan" title="Bangadarshan">Bangadarshan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National song of India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vande Mataram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay"><b>Wikiquote</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay"><b>Wikisource texts</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&oldid=1261901208">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&oldid=1261901208</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_literature" title="Category:Indian literature">Indian literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_patriotic_songs" title="Category:Indian patriotic songs">Indian patriotic songs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_anthems" title="Category:Indian anthems">Indian anthems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Sanskrit_literature" title="Category:19th-century Sanskrit literature">19th-century Sanskrit literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Songs_in_Bengali" title="Category:Songs in Bengali">Songs in Bengali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_political_slogans" title="Category:Indian political slogans">Indian political slogans</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_(hi)" title="Category:CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)">CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_September_2013" title="Category:EngvarB from September 2013">EngvarB from September 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2020">Use dmy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Bengali-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Bengali-language text">Articles containing Bengali-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hindi-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hindi-language text">Articles containing Hindi-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 December 2024, at 15:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vande_Mataram&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59b954b7fb-cwg5z","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.188","walltime":"1.414","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6122,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":126463,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6221,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":218917,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1255.604 1 -total"," 23.72% 297.852 3 Template:Reflist"," 23.51% 295.211 2 Template:Infobox"," 17.98% 225.732 1 Template:Infobox_anthem"," 13.21% 165.874 16 Template:IAST"," 12.94% 162.419 16 Template:Transliteration"," 9.06% 113.722 19 Template:Cite_book"," 8.73% 109.660 1 Template:Cite_wikisource"," 6.93% 86.964 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.79% 85.287 1 Template:Audio_sample"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.718","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15983709,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-65c9bb7d57-ppdnb","timestamp":"20241208154729","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Vande Mataram","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vande_Mataram","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q279417","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q279417","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-22T04:33:53Z","dateModified":"2024-12-08T15:47:27Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c1\/Vande_Mataram_-_Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee_%28Raag_Desh%29.png","headline":"poem written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay"}</script> </body> </html>