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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>U.S. House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle U.S. House of Representatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment_and_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_and_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Environment and energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_and_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objection_to_the_2004_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objection_to_the_2004_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Objection to the 2004 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objection_to_the_2004_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Domestic initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>National defense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Committee assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>U.S. Senate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._Senate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle U.S. Senate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2013_special" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_special"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>2013 special</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_special-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_assignments_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_assignments_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Committee assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_assignments_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political positions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political positions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Abortion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antitrust,_competition_and_corporate_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antitrust,_competition_and_corporate_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Antitrust, competition and corporate regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antitrust,_competition_and_corporate_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Child_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Child care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children's_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Children's programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_vaccine_equity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_vaccine_equity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>COVID-19 vaccine equity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_vaccine_equity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disaster_relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disaster_relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Disaster relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disaster_relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Drug policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iraq_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10.1</span> <span>Iraq War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_shutdown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_shutdown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Government shutdown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_shutdown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gun_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gun_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Gun law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gun_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.14</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.15</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16.1</span> <span>Internet security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_neutrality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_neutrality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16.2</span> <span>Net neutrality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_neutrality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_privacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_privacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16.3</span> <span>Internet privacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_privacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.17</span> <span>Labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.18</span> <span>LGBT rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.19</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.20</span> <span>Nuclear waste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opioids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opioids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.21</span> <span>Opioids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opioids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pipelines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pipelines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.22</span> <span>Pipelines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pipelines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.23</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroad_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroad_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.24</span> <span>Railroad safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroad_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.25</span> <span>State Department</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.26</span> <span>Supreme Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.27</span> <span>Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ed Markey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A" title="إد ماركي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إد ماركي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="اد مارکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اد مارکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="اد مارکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اد مارکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99" title="אד מרקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אד מרקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eds_Markijs" title="Eds Markijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eds Markijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89" title="اد ماركى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اد ماركى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8,_%D0%AD%D0%B4" title="Марки, Эд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марки, Эд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ed Markey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ед Маркі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ед Маркі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%BA" title="艾德·马基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾德·马基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1282411#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1946)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the U.S. senator from Oregon, see <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ed Markey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Markey,_official_portrait,_114th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Edward_Markey%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/220px-Edward_Markey%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Edward_Markey%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/330px-Edward_Markey%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Edward_Markey%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/440px-Edward_Markey%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2013</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />July 16, 2013<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan">Mo Cowan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Energy_Independence_and_Global_Warming" title="United States House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming">House Global Warming Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 8, 2007 – January 6, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from Massachusetts</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 2, 1976 – July 15, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Torbert Macdonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts07 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span> (1976–2013)<br /><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts05 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span> (2013)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_R._Callahan_(state_representative)" title="William R. Callahan (state representative)">William R. Callahan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard McGrath</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_16th_Middlesex_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 16th Middlesex district">16th Middlesex</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1975 – November 2, 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Edward Dickson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John C. McNeil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_26th_Middlesex_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 26th Middlesex district">26th Middlesex</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Edward John Markey</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-07-11</span>) </span>July 11, 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 78)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Blumenthal" title="Susan Blumenthal">Susan Blumenthal</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1988)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Ed_Markey_signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ed Markey's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sen._Ed_Markey_signature.png/128px-Sen._Ed_Markey_signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sen._Ed_Markey_signature.png/192px-Sen._Ed_Markey_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sen._Ed_Markey_signature.png/256px-Sen._Ed_Markey_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="152" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.markey.senate.gov/">Senate website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1968–1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Specialist_(rank)#Specialist_(1955–present)" title="Specialist (rank)">Specialist Fourth Class</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ed_Markey_questions_witnesses_on_healthcare_worker_shortages.ogg" title="File:Ed Markey questions witnesses on healthcare worker shortages.ogg">Ed Markey's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="163" data-mwtitle="Ed_Markey_questions_witnesses_on_healthcare_worker_shortages.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Ed_Markey_questions_witnesses_on_healthcare_worker_shortages.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Ed_Markey_questions_witnesses_on_healthcare_worker_shortages.ogg/Ed_Markey_questions_witnesses_on_healthcare_worker_shortages.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Ed Markey questions witnesses on healthcare worker shortages<br />Recorded February 16, 2023</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edward John Markey</b> (born July 11, 1946) is an American politician serving as the <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">junior</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> since 2013. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, he served 20 terms (18 full, two partial) as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> for <span data-sort-value="Massachusetts07 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">Massachusetts's 7th congressional district</a></span> from 1976 to 2013. Before his congressional career, he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> from 1973 to 1976. </p><p>In 2013, after <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a>, Markey was elected to serve out the remainder of Kerry's Senate term in a <a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2013 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts">2013 special election</a>. Markey defeated <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Stephen Lynch</a> in the Democratic primary and <a href="/wiki/Republican_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican party (United States)">Republican</a> Gabriel E. Gomez in the <a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2013 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts">general election</a>. He was elected to a full term in the Senate in <a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2014 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2014</a>. Markey fended off a primary challenge from <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joseph Kennedy III</a> and was <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">reelected in 2020</a> by a wide margin. </p><p>Markey is a <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> who has focused on <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">energy policy</a> and was chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Energy_Independence_and_Global_Warming" title="United States House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming">House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming</a> from 2007 to 2011. He is the Senate author of the <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a> retired, Markey has been the dean of New England's congressional delegation. He is now the longest-serving Democrat in Congress, having served since 1976. His progressive policies have led to widespread support among young voters.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i> has called him "an icon to <a href="/wiki/Generation_Z" title="Generation Z">Gen Z</a> activists".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey was born on July 11, 1946, in <a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden, Massachusetts</a>, the son of Christina M. (née Courtney) and John E. Markey, a milkman. Markey's mother was the valedictorian of her high school class but was unable to attend college because her mother died and she was needed to care for the family.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family was <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic">Irish Catholic</a>, and Markey was educated at Immaculate Conception School and <a href="/wiki/Malden_Catholic_High_School" title="Malden Catholic High School">Malden Catholic High School</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Starting in the summer of 1965, Markey was the driver and salesperson for an <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_van" title="Ice cream van">ice cream truck</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Massachusetts" title="Lexington, Massachusetts">Lexington, Massachusetts</a>. He was known as "Eddie the Ice Cream Man" to neighborhood children and used the proceeds from the <a href="/wiki/HP_Hood" title="HP Hood">HP Hood</a> route to pay tuition at Boston College. In the late 1960s Markey was cited by the Lexington Police for the ringing of his bell to announce the ice cream truck's presence. Soon after the citation, the selectmen of Lexington changed the ordinance and he was allowed to ring his bell.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey graduated from <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a> in 1968 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> and from <a href="/wiki/Boston_College_Law_School" title="Boston College Law School">Boston College Law School</a> in 1972 with a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cong-bio_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cong-bio-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1975_Edward_Markey_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1975_Edward_Markey_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives.png/130px-1975_Edward_Markey_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1975_Edward_Markey_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives.png/195px-1975_Edward_Markey_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/1975_Edward_Markey_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Edward Markey, 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>After graduating, Markey worked as a lawyer in private practice. He served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">United States Army Reserve</a> from 1968 to 1973, attaining the rank of <a href="/wiki/Specialist_(rank)" title="Specialist (rank)">Specialist Fourth Class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bierman_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bierman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined while a junior in college, and has said that he enlisted before knowing whether he would receive a <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> draft notice.<sup id="cite_ref-Bierman_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bierman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markey also said that even though he opposed the war, he would have answered the induction notice and gone to <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> if he had been drafted, despite having secured a position in the Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-Bierman_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bierman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/South_Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="South Boston, Massachusetts">South Boston</a> reserve unit included <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._O%27Neill_III" title="Thomas P. O'Neill III">Thomas P. O'Neill III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Grossman_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Grossman (politician)">Steve Grossman</a>, and Markey's brothers Richard and John.<sup id="cite_ref-Bierman_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bierman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a>, where he represented the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_16th_Middlesex_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 16th Middlesex district">16th Middlesex</a> district (<a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_26th_Middlesex_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 26th Middlesex district">26th Middlesex</a> district from 1973 to 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ed_Markey_101st_Congress_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ed_Markey_101st_Congress_portrait.jpg/150px-Ed_Markey_101st_Congress_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ed_Markey_101st_Congress_portrait.jpg/225px-Ed_Markey_101st_Congress_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ed_Markey_101st_Congress_portrait.jpg/300px-Ed_Markey_101st_Congress_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Markey during the <a href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st United States Congress</a> (1989)</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 21, 1976, incumbent Congressman <a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Torbert Macdonald</a> died in office.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markey, who had just been elected to a third term in the state house, entered a twelve-candidate Democratic primary<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for what was then the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a>. In the primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic district—Markey won the nomination with a plurality of 22% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the November 1976 election he defeated Republican Richard Daly 77%–18%.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That election doubled as both a special election for the balance of Macdonald's 11th term and a regular election for a full two-year term, and so Markey took office later that night. This gave him greater seniority than other Representatives first elected in 1976. </p><p>Markey was challenged in a Democratic primary three times, first in 1980, when he won 85%;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then in 1984, when he won 54%;<sup id="cite_ref-ourcampaigns.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ourcampaigns.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally in 2002, when he won 85% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey was reelected 19 more times from this district, which included most of the northern suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. His lowest vote total was 62% in 1992, in a three-way election. Markey faced no Republican opposition in eight of his bids for reelection, in 1978, 1980, 1986, 1988, 1990, 2000, 2002, and 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-clerk_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clerk-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fedelect_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fedelect-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His district was renumbered the 5th after the 2010 census, in which Massachusetts lost a district. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EdMarkey-Committee_on_Natural_Resources.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/EdMarkey-Committee_on_Natural_Resources.jpg/220px-EdMarkey-Committee_on_Natural_Resources.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/EdMarkey-Committee_on_Natural_Resources.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Markey as ranking member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">House Natural Resources Committee</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Markey was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a></i> gave him a "Composite <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberal</a>" score of 89.2.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment_and_energy">Environment and energy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Environment and energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2007, Markey became the first US politician to use <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a>, through which he addressed the delegates of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">UNFCCC</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/OneClimate" title="OneClimate">OneClimate</a>'s Virtual Bali event. It was estimated that the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> he saved by not flying to Bali was around 5.5 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pressure from Markey prompted <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> to provide a live underwater video feed showing oil leaking out of a pipe in the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill">Deepwater Horizon oil spill</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markey has been a longtime critic of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a> (NRC) and has been critical of the NRC's decision-making on the proposed Westinghouse <a href="/wiki/AP1000" title="AP1000">AP1000</a> reactor design and the NRC response to the <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reply to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Alaska">Alaska's Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>'s position on how the <a href="/wiki/American_Clean_Energy_and_Security_Act" title="American Clean Energy and Security Act">American Clean Energy and Security Act</a> (also known as Waxman-Markey, named after Markey and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Waxman" title="Henry Waxman">Henry Waxman</a>) could have a negative impact for Alaskans,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markey wrote an article criticizing Palin's inaction on <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> and her environmental positions.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey sarcastically suggested in August 2010 that <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">global warming deniers</a> form their own country on an iceberg: "An iceberg four times the size of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> has broken off <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, creating plenty of room for global warming deniers to start their own country." Markey also said that, at the time, 2010 was the hottest recorded year and that "scientists agree Arctic ice is a canary in a coal mine that provides clear warnings on climate".<sup id="cite_ref-Start_country_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Start_country-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skeptics_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skeptics-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markey has derided Republicans' stance on global warming, stating during a hearing: "I won't physically rise, because I'm worried that Republicans will overturn the law of gravity, sending us floating about the room."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2011, House Republicans eliminated the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Energy_Independence_and_Global_Warming" title="United States House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming">Select Committee for Energy Independence and Global Warming</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> created in 2006 and Markey chaired.<sup id="cite_ref-Kill_Committee_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kill_Committee-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Objection_to_the_2004_presidential_election">Objection to the 2004 presidential election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Objection to the 2004 presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted not to count Ohio's 20 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> had won Ohio by 118,457 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without Ohio's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote, as dictated by the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Domestic_initiatives">Domestic initiatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Domestic initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey introduced legislation to change the duration of <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight Saving Time</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to increasing privacy controls over children online.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey drew some controversy through his proposal to introduce legislation<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that deals with amusement parks' roller coasters, believing that newer, faster rides that exert greater G-pressures on the human body are dangerous mentally and physically, despite a lack of concrete evidence to support these claims,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contrary to studies that affirmed the safety of roller coasters in general.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Markey sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Freedom_Preservation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Freedom Preservation Act">Internet Freedom Preservation Act</a> to enact principles of <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed legislation received support from a few dozen co-sponsors and public interest organizations but ultimately died in committee before enactment.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijing-Tianjin_High_Speed_Train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Beijing-Tianjin_High_Speed_Train.jpg/240px-Beijing-Tianjin_High_Speed_Train.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Beijing-Tianjin_High_Speed_Train.jpg/360px-Beijing-Tianjin_High_Speed_Train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Beijing-Tianjin_High_Speed_Train.jpg/480px-Beijing-Tianjin_High_Speed_Train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption>Rep. Markey (R) with <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(China)" title="Ministry of Railways (China)">Chinese Minister of Railways</a> <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhijun" title="Liu Zhijun">Liu Zhijun</a> (L) and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (C) in May 2009. Behind them is a <a href="/wiki/Hexie_Hao" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexie Hao">Hexie Hao</a> train on the <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Tianjin_Intercity_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway">Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_defense">National defense</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National defense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, Markey called attention to the lack of security surrounding air cargo placed on commercial passenger planes, arguing that if passenger baggage is screened for explosive devices, cargo on the plane should be as well.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, he succeeded in getting a 100% air cargo screening requirement signed into law.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the law codifying the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/9/11_Commission" title="9/11 Commission">9/11 Commission</a>, Markey wrote the mandate requiring all cargo on passenger planes to be screened.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Committee assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Energy_and_Commerce" title="United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce">Committee on Energy and Commerce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Energy_Subcommittee_on_Communications_and_Technology" title="United States House Energy Subcommittee on Communications and Technology">Subcommittee on Communications and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Energy_Subcommittee_on_Energy_and_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Energy Subcommittee on Energy and Power">Subcommittee on Energy and Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Energy_Subcommittee_on_Oversight_and_Investigations" title="United States House Energy Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations">Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">Committee on Natural Resources</a> (Ranking Member) <ul><li>As Ranking Member, Markey served as an <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i> member on <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources#Subcommittees" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">all Subcommittees</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senate">U.S. Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: U.S. Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, Markey was considered a contender for <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>'s seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> if Kerry were to be elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Markey_Senate_Bid_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markey_Senate_Bid-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also considered a leading contender in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Massachusetts,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2010">2010 special election</a> to replace the late <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>, but on September 12, 2009, he announced his decision not to run and endorsed fellow Congressman <a href="/wiki/Michael_Capuano" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Capuano">Michael Capuano</a>, who went on to lose the Democratic primary to <a href="/wiki/Martha_Coakley" title="Martha Coakley">Martha Coakley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections_2">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2013_special">2013 special</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2013 special"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2013 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts">2013 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts</a></div> <p>On December 27, 2012, Markey was the first to announce his candidacy to run in a special election to fill Kerry's seat after <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> nominated him for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several politicians, including Kerry, endorsed Markey even before the Senate confirmed Kerry.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 30, 2013, Markey won the Democratic nomination by defeating fellow Congressman <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Stephen Lynch</a> in the primary election.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He defeated Republican challenger <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_E._Gomez" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel E. Gomez">Gabriel E. Gomez</a> in the general special election on June 25 and completed the remaining 17 months of Kerry's term.<sup id="cite_ref-BG_Markey_keeps_party's_hold_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG_Markey_keeps_party's_hold-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey is the longest-tenured House member ever elected to the Senate, with his 36-plus years of service exceeding that of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Frederick H. Gillett</a>, who served in the House for 32 years before moving to the upper chamber in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the 11th oldest candidate to win a U.S. Senate special election out of more than 170 people since the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">17th Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014">2014</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2014 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2014 United States Senate election in Massachusetts</a></div> <p>Markey sought a full six-year term in 2014. He defeated Republican <a href="/wiki/Hopkinton,_Massachusetts" title="Hopkinton, Massachusetts">Hopkinton</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_of_selectmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of selectmen">selectman</a> Brian Herr with 62 percent of the vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020">2020</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, Markey endorsed fellow Massachusetts Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Warren withdrew in early 2020, he endorsed <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Massachusetts Democrats announced primary challenges to Markey in the September 1, 2020 election,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but all but <a href="/wiki/MA-04" class="mw-redirect" title="MA-04">4th district</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joe Kennedy III</a> dropped out, leaving Kennedy as the sole challenger.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 13, 2019, Representative <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a>, with whom Markey has collaborated on the proposed <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a>, endorsed Markey.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey defeated Kennedy with 55.6% of the vote, with overwhelming margins in Boston and the surrounding suburbs, including Kennedy's Newton, and in the college towns of Western Massachusetts. The primary race was seen by many as a showdown between the Democratic establishment, represented by Kennedy, and its new and growing progressive wing, embodied by Markey.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a>'s longstanding opposition to Democratic primary challengers, House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> endorsed Kennedy, whose fundraising and campaigning efforts she credited for returning the House to Democratic control in the 2018 midterm elections.<sup id="cite_ref-pelosi_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pelosi-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Markey had the support of Senate Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a>, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Ocasio-Cortez, and the youth-led <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Movement" title="Sunrise Movement">Sunrise Movement</a> founded in 2017 to promote the Green New Deal as a solution to the <a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">climate crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pelosi_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pelosi-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey defeated Republican Kevin O'Connor in the general election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure_2">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ed_Markey_in_Boston_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ed_Markey_in_Boston_2015.jpg/250px-Ed_Markey_in_Boston_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="413" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ed_Markey_in_Boston_2015.jpg/375px-Ed_Markey_in_Boston_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ed_Markey_in_Boston_2015.jpg/500px-Ed_Markey_in_Boston_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="1837" /></a><figcaption>Senator Markey attending the Greater Boston Labor Council's 2015 annual Labor Day Breakfast in Boston.</figcaption></figure> <p>Markey resigned his House seat on July 15, 2013, and was sworn into the Senate on July 16.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he is the dean of the Massachusetts delegation, he is the state's junior Senator, since <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> took office six months before he did. </p><p>Markey is known for the "blizzard" of public letters he posts on his website and sends to the press to draw attention to his favored issues.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey was on Capitol Hill to participate in the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">2021 United States Electoral College vote count</a> when Trump supporters <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">attacked the U.S. Capitol</a>. During the attack, he and his staff sheltered in place in an undisclosed location. During the siege, he tweeted, "Donald Trump is responsible for the coup that is unfolding at the Capitol. He is a fascist and a direct threat to our country."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Capitol was secure, Markey tweeted that Trump should be impeached.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Congress returned to count the electoral votes, Markey gave his remarks, calling Republicans who objected to the count <a href="/wiki/Seditious" class="mw-redirect" title="Seditious">seditious</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pietrewicz_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pietrewicz-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, he called for the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> to be invoked.<sup id="cite_ref-Kail_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kail-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey was rated among the top ten most popular senators in a Morning Consult poll from April 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments_2">Committee assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Committee assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Communications,_Media,_and_Broadband" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Communications, Media, and Broadband">Subcommittee on Communications, Media, and Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Consumer_Protection,_Product_Safety,_and_Data_Security" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security">Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Oceans,_Atmosphere,_Fisheries,_and_Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard">Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Science_and_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Science and Space">Subcommittee on Science and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Surface_Transportation_and_Merchant_Marine_Infrastructure,_Safety,_and_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security">Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Committee on Environment and Public Works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Environment_and_Public_Works_Subcommittee_on_Clean_Air_and_Nuclear_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety">Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety</a> (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Environment_and_Public_Works_Subcommittee_on_Water_and_Wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife">Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Environment_and_Public_Works_Subcommittee_on_Superfund,_Toxics_and_Environmental_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics and Environmental Health">Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics and Environmental Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Environment_and_Public_Works_Subcommittee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure">Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Health_Subcommittee_on_Primary_Health_and_Retirement_Security" title="United States Senate Health Subcommittee on Primary Health and Retirement Security">Subcommittee on Primary Health & Retirement Security</a> (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Health_Subcommittee_on_Employment_and_Workplace_Safety" title="United States Senate Health Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety">Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Small_Business_and_Entrepreneurship" title="United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship">Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Abortion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When he was first elected to Congress, Markey opposed abortion and supported a constitutional amendment to ban it. He described his opposition as a matter of conscience.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 1983, he began moving away from his opposition, voting against measures that blocked funding for abortion for federal employees unless their life was at risk. During his 1984 Senate campaign, Markey said that while he still personally opposed abortion, he believed that it should remain legal. Since then, he has opposed restrictions on abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markey wore a pin to the <a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2023 State of the Union Address">2023 State of the Union Address</a> with the word ABORTION with a heart in place of the central portion of the letter O.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the event with Kate Dineen, an abortion rights advocate.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antitrust,_competition_and_corporate_regulation"><span id="Antitrust.2C_competition_and_corporate_regulation"></span>Antitrust, competition and corporate regulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Antitrust, competition and corporate regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2019, Markey was one of six Democrats led by <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> who signed letters to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Department of Justice recounting that many of them had "called on both the FTC and the Justice Department to investigate potential anticompetitive activity in these markets, particularly following the significant enforcement actions taken by foreign competition enforcers against these same companies" and requesting that each agency confirm whether it had opened antitrust investigations into each of the companies and pledge that it would publicly release any such investigation's findings.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Child_care">Child care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Child care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, Markey and 34 other senators introduced the Child Care for Working Families Act, a bill that they claim would create 770,000 new childcare jobs and ensure that families making less than 75% of the state median income would not pay for child care, with higher-earning families having to pay "their fair share for care on a sliding scale, regardless of the number of children they have." The legislation also supports universal access to high-quality preschool programs for all 3- and 4-year-olds and changes child care compensation and training.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_programming"><span id="Children.27s_programming"></span>Children's programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Children's programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, after the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) announced changes to the Children's Television Act of 1990, Markey and eight other Democratic senators signed a letter to FCC Chairman <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pai" title="Ajit Pai">Ajit Pai</a> that expressed concern that the proposed changes "would limit the reach of educational content available to children and have a particular damaging effect on youth in low-income and minority communities" and asserted that the new rules would decrease access to valuable educational content through over-the-air services.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_(7_of_85)_(46105849995)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3527" data-file-height="3352" /></a><figcaption>Senator Markey speaks on a <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a> in front of the Capitol Building in February 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 2018, Markey was one of 25 Democratic senators to cosponsor a resolution in response to the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change report and National Climate Assessment findings. The resolution affirmed the senators' acceptance of the findings and support for bold action to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">address climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Conservation_Voters" title="League of Conservation Voters">League of Conservation Voters</a>, which works to elect pro-environment candidates, endorsed Markey.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey is the Senate author of the <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2019, Markey and Representative <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a> released a 14-page summary of their <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a> plan to address climate change. It calls for implementing the "<a href="/wiki/Social_cost_of_carbon" title="Social cost of carbon">social cost of carbon</a>" that was part of the Obama administration's plans to address climate change and transitioning the United States to 100% renewable, zero-emission energy sources, zero-emission vehicles, and high-speed rail systems. It also aims to provide new jobs and alleviate poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 26, in what Democrats called a "stunt", Republicans called for an early vote without allowing discussion or expert testimony. Markey said Republicans were trying to "make a mockery" of the Green New Deal debate and called the vote a "sham". In protest, Democrats, including Markey, voted "present" or against the bill, resulting in a 57–0 defeat on the Senate floor.<sup id="cite_ref-GND_vote_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GND_vote-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2019, Markey was one of 11 senators to sponsor the Climate Security Act of 2019, legislation to form a new group within the State Department to develop strategies to integrate climate science and data into national security operations as well as to restore the post of special envoy for the Arctic, a group that President Trump dismantled in 2017. The envoy would advise the President and the administration on the potential effects of climate on national security and be responsible for facilitating all interagency communication between federal science and security agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markey was a member of the Senate Democrats' Special Committee on the Climate Crisis, which published a report of its findings in August 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19_vaccine_equity">COVID-19 vaccine equity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: COVID-19 vaccine equity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey proposed that the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a> be distributed to underserved areas and communities of color as a priority for <a href="/wiki/Racial_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial justice">racial justice</a>. On February 20, 2021, he said, "Even though Black and Hispanic residents have borne the brunt of this pandemic here in Massachusetts and all across the country, these communities are not receiving the vaccine in proportion to their share of their population."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disaster_relief">Disaster relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Disaster relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2018, Markey was one of five Democratic senators to sign a letter to <a href="/wiki/FEMA" class="mw-redirect" title="FEMA">FEMA</a> administrator <a href="/wiki/Brock_Long" title="Brock Long">Brock Long</a> calling on FEMA to enter an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">United States Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> that would "stand up the Disaster Housing Assistance Program and address the medium- and longer-term housing needs" of evacuees of Puerto Rico in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a>. The senators asserted that "FEMA's refusal to use the tools at its disposal, including DHAP, to help these survivors is puzzling—and profoundly troubling" and that hundreds of hurricane survivors were susceptible to being left homeless if FEMA and HUD continued not to work together.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_policy">Drug policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Drug policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2016, Markey was one of 17 senators to sign a letter to President-elect Trump asking him to fulfill a campaign pledge to bring down the cost of prescription drugs, stating their willingness "to advance measures to achieve this goal", and calling on Trump "to partner with Republicans and Democrats alike to take meaningful steps to address the high cost of prescription drugs through bold administrative and legislative actions."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2018, Markey was one of 21 senators to sign a letter to <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Food_and_Drugs" title="Commissioner of Food and Drugs">Commissioner of Food and Drugs</a> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Scott Gottlieb</a> stating their approval of the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drugs_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drugs Administration">Food and Drugs Administration</a> to hinder youth access to e-cigarettes and urging the FDA "to take additional, stronger steps to prevent and reduce e-cigarette use among youth."<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Markey introduced <a href="/wiki/Modernizing_Opioid_Treatment_Access_Act" title="Modernizing Opioid Treatment Access Act">legislation to expand access</a> to <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">methadone</a> for patients with <a href="/wiki/Opioid_use_disorder" title="Opioid use disorder">opioid use disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2019, Markey was one of eight senators to sign a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> asking that regulators prohibit a proposed $26-billion merger between <a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sprint_Corporation" title="Sprint Corporation">Sprint</a> because American enforcers have understood for the last 30 years "that fostering robust competition in telecommunications markets is the best way to provide every American with access to high-quality, cutting-edge communications at a reasonable price" and the merger would result in a return "to the dark days of heavily consolidated markets and less competition, with all of the resulting harms."<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2019, Markey was one of six senators to sign a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> requesting that it "use its rulemaking authority, along with other tools, in order to combat the scourge of non-compete clauses rigging our economy against workers" and saying that non-compete clauses "harm employees by limiting their ability to find alternate work, which leaves them with little leverage to bargain for better wages or working conditions with their immediate employer." The letter added that the FTC was responsible for protecting consumers and workers and needed to "act decisively" to address their concerns over "serious anti-competitive harms from the proliferation of non-competes in the economy."<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos_and_Ed_Markey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bongbong_Marcos_and_Ed_Markey.jpg/220px-Bongbong_Marcos_and_Ed_Markey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bongbong_Marcos_and_Ed_Markey.jpg/330px-Bongbong_Marcos_and_Ed_Markey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bongbong_Marcos_and_Ed_Markey.jpg/440px-Bongbong_Marcos_and_Ed_Markey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1051" /></a><figcaption>Senator Markey meets with Philippine president <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> in August 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2016, Markey and Senators <a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Chris Coons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> suggested to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a> that the U.S. curtail assistance to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>' <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">law enforcement</a> units due to alleged <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings">extrajudicial killings</a> and other human rights violations in Philippine president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">drug war</a>, in adherence to the <a href="/wiki/Leahy_Law" title="Leahy Law">Leahy Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2019, Markey and four other Democratic and Republican senators introduced a resolution urging the release of Philippine senator <a href="/wiki/Leila_de_Lima" title="Leila de Lima">Leila de Lima</a>, a key proponent of the inquiry on the Duterte administration's reported human rights violations who has been detained since 2017 for suspected <a href="/wiki/New_Bilibid_Prison_drug_trafficking_scandal" title="New Bilibid Prison drug trafficking scandal">drug trafficking</a>; the senators believed that De Lima's detention was <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">politically motivated</a>. In January 2020, Markey revealed that the Philippine government had declared him and Senators <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a> (principal sponsor of the Leahy Law) <i><a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">persona non grata</a></i> to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Duterte stepped down from office in 2022, Markey visited the Philippines and met with De Lima privately.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2017, Markey condemned the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">genocide</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya Muslim</a> minority in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Markey cosponsored the Countering the Chinese Government and Communist Party's Political Influence Operations Act, a bill introduced by Rubio and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cortez_Masto" title="Catherine Cortez Masto">Catherine Cortez Masto</a> that would give the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> (DNI) the authority to create an interagency task force to examine Chinese attempts to influence the U.S. and key allies.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2018, Markey was one of eight senators to sign a letter to <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Coats" title="Dan Coats">Dan Coats</a> requesting a classified briefing on what the American intelligence community knew about threats to U.S.-based <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> so that the senators could fulfill their "oversight obligation" as members of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2019, Markey was one of nine Democratic senators to sign a letter to <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a> requesting the release of human rights lawyer Waleed Abu al-Khair and writer Raif Badawi, women's rights activists Loujain al-Hathloul and Samar Badawi, and Dr. Walid Fitaih. The senators wrote, "Not only have reputable international organizations detailed the arbitrary detention of peaceful activists and dissidents without trial for long periods, but the systematic discrimination against women, religious minorities and mistreatment of migrant workers and others has also been well-documented."<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, Markey, Senators Chris Coons and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>, and a bipartisan group of lawmakers sent the Trump administration a letter raising concerns about the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>'s undue influence on <a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United States">media outlets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">academic institutions</a> in the United States. They wrote: "In American news outlets, Beijing has used financial ties to suppress negative information about the CCP... Beijing has also sought to use relationships with American academic institutions and student groups to shape public discourse."<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2019, ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit</a>, Markey said that it was "pretty clear that <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim</a> wants to have a personal meeting with Trump with hopes that he can, in fact, elicit concessions from President Trump that might not otherwise be possible if it was just our diplomats talking one-on-one" and that the US "could run the risk that Kim is given concessions which are not accompanied by real concessions that the United States is receiving in return from Kim and his regime." Markey called for Trump to receive commitments on denuclearization from Kim Jong-un before making commitments in return.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2019, Markey was one of 34 senators to sign a letter to Trump encouraging him "to listen to members of your own Administration and reverse a decision that will damage our national security and aggravate conditions inside Central America", asserting that Trump had "consistently expressed a flawed understanding of U.S. foreign assistance" since becoming president and that he was "personally undermining efforts to promote U.S. national security and economic prosperity" by preventing the use of Fiscal Year 2018 national security funding. The senators argued that foreign assistance to Central American countries created less migration to the U.S. by helping to improve conditions in those countries.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2020, Markey accused <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> ally, of inciting <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">war</a> between <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> over the disputed region of <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> and called on the Trump administration to immediately suspend <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aid" title="United States military aid">U.S. military aid</a> to Azerbaijan<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sent through the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Pentagon</a>'s "building partner assistance program".<sup id="cite_ref-defensenews_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defensenews-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to critics, the aid could be used in the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-defensenews_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defensenews-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He co-signed a letter to Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> that read: "If Turkey is unwilling to step back from active engagement in the conflict, then the State Department should immediately suspend all sales and transfers of military equipment to Ankara."<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, Markey voted for a resolution, proposed by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, to apply the <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Assistance_Act" title="Foreign Assistance Act">Foreign Assistance Act</a> to <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Israel–United States military relations">U.S. aid to Israel's military</a>. The proposal was defeated, 72 to 11.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraq_War">Iraq War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Iraq War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 10, 2002, Markey voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq_Resolution_of_2002" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002</a>, authorizing the use of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> against <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s government in what became <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2020, Markey has said that voting for the authorization was a "mistake", and that he did so because "<a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George Bush</a> lied, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> lied, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> lied to the American people about the presence of nuclear weapons in Iraq. I'm still angry about that lie to the American people."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_shutdown">Government shutdown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Government shutdown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2019, Markey and 38 other senators signed a letter to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations Committee</a> opining that contractor workers and, by extension, their families "should not be penalized for a government shutdown that they did nothing to cause" while noting that there were bills in both chambers of Congress that if enacted would provide back pay to compensate contractor employees for lost wages. The letter urged the Appropriations Committee "to include back pay for contractor employees in a supplemental appropriations bill for FY2019 or as part of the regular appropriations process for FY2020."<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gun_law">Gun law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Gun law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey supports <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a>, including improved background checks, ending illegal gun trafficking, and closing loopholes on gun purchases.<sup id="cite_ref-WBUR1004G_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBUR1004G-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, he proposed a "smart gun" bill that aimed to equip <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handguns</a> with technology, making them usable by only the purchaser.<sup id="cite_ref-Everett1004G_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everett1004G-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2016, Markey led 18 senators in signing a letter to <a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Thad Cochran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara Mikulski</a> requesting that the Labor, Health and Education subcommittee hold a hearing on whether to allow the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) to fund a study of gun violence and "the annual appropriations rider that some have interpreted as preventing it" with taxpayer dollars. The senators noted their support for taking steps "to fund gun-violence research, because only the United States government is in a position to establish an integrated public-health research agenda to understand the causes of gun violence and identify the most effective strategies for prevention."<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Orlando_nightclub_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando nightclub shooting">Orlando nightclub shooting</a>, Markey called for more gun regulations and supported the Feinstein Amendment, which would have made it illegal for suspected terrorists to buy guns. He also supports <a href="/wiki/Universal_background_checks" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal background checks">universal background checks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenberg1004g_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoenberg1004g-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting" title="2017 Las Vegas shooting">2017 Las Vegas shooting</a>, Markey said, "This Congress has the responsibility to make sure the NRA stands for 'not relevant anymore' in American politics, and we have to begin this debate now."<sup id="cite_ref-DeMetrick_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeMetrick-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He co-sponsored a proposal to ban <a href="/wiki/Bump_stock" title="Bump stock">bump stocks</a>, which make <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-automatic weapon">semi-automatic weapons</a> act like <a href="/wiki/Automatic_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic weapon">automatic weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellar1004G_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellar1004G-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2017, Markey was a cosponsor of the Military Domestic Violence Reporting Enhancement Act, a bill to create a charge of domestic violence under the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a> (UCMJ) and stipulate that convictions must be reported to federal databases to keep abusers from purchasing firearms within three days in an attempt to close a loophole in the UCMJ whereby convicted abusers retain the ability to purchase firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2019, Markey was one of 40 senators to introduce the Background Check Expansion Act, a bill requiring background checks to sell or transfer all firearms, including unlicensed sellers. Exceptions to the bill's background check requirement included transfers between members of law enforcement, loaning firearms for either hunting or sporting events temporarily, giving firearms to members of one's immediate family, firearms being transferred as part of an inheritance, or giving a firearm to another person temporarily for immediate self-defense.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey supports the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_healthcare" title="Single-payer healthcare">single-payer</a> federal healthcare program.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2017, he was one of 16 senators to cosponsor the 2017 Medicare for All Act introduced by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, which proposes establishing a federal health insurance program by expanding <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> coverage to all United States residents.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2019, Markey was one of eight senators to cosponsor the Territories Health Equity Act of 2019, legislation that would remove the cap on annual federal Medicaid funding and increase the federal matching rate for Medicaid expenditures of territories along with providing more funds for prescription drug coverage to low-income seniors in an attempt to equalize funding for American territories <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> with that of U.S. states.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2019, Markey was one of 41 senators to sign a bipartisan letter to the housing subcommittee praising the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">United States Department of Housing and Urban Development</a>'s Section 4 Capacity Building program as authorizing "HUD to partner with national nonprofit community development organizations to provide education, training, and financial support to local community development corporations (CDCs) across the country" and expressing disappointment that President Trump's budget "has slated this program for elimination after decades of successful economic and community development." The senators hoped the subcommittee would support continued funding for Section 4 in Fiscal Year 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2019, following reports that the Trump administration intended to cease protecting spouses, parents and children of active-duty service members from deportation, Markey was one of 22 senators led by <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Tammy Duckworth</a> to sign a letter arguing that the protection gave service members the ability "to fight for the United States overseas and not worry that their spouse, children, or parents will be deported while they are away" and that its termination would both cause service members personal hardship and negatively affect their combat performance.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in July 2019, Markey and 15 other Senate Democrats introduced the Protecting Sensitive Locations Act, which would require, except in special circumstances, that <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a> agents get approval from a supervisor before engaging in enforcement actions at sensitive locations and that agents receive annual training in addition to reporting annually on enforcement actions in those locations.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Internet_security">Internet security</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Internet security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 27, 2006, Markey called for the arrest of security researcher <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soghoian" title="Christopher Soghoian">Christopher Soghoian</a> for creating a website to generate fake boarding passes.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 2 AM on October 28, 2006, <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> agents seized computers and other materials from Soghoian's house.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 29, 2006, Markey issued a statement revising his previous comments, stating that the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> should instead "put him to work showing public officials how easily our security can be compromised". The statement was critical of Soghoian's disclosure method—deeming it "ill-considered"—but also said that "he should not go to jail for his bad judgment".<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Net_neutrality">Net neutrality</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Net neutrality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FCC_Net_Neutrality_143579_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/FCC_Net_Neutrality_143579_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-FCC_Net_Neutrality_143579_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/FCC_Net_Neutrality_143579_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-FCC_Net_Neutrality_143579_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/FCC_Net_Neutrality_143579_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-FCC_Net_Neutrality_143579_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2306" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Markey speaks at a rally on Net Neutrality in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 2014, days before the FCC was scheduled to rewrite its net neutrality rules, Markey was one of 11 senators to sign a letter to FCC Chairman <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wheeler" title="Tom Wheeler">Tom Wheeler</a> arguing that Wheeler's proposal would destroy net neutrality and urging the FCC to "consider reclassifying Internet providers to make them more like traditional phone companies, over which the agency has clear authority to regulate more broadly."<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2017, Markey was one of nine senators to sign a letter to <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pai" title="Ajit Pai">Ajit Pai</a> accusing the FCC of failing "to provide stakeholders with an opportunity to comment on the tens of thousands of filed complaints that directly shed light on proposed changes to existing net neutrality protections."<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2018, Markey was one of ten senators to sign a letter spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> lambasting Pai's proposal to cut the Lifeline program during a period when roughly 6.5 million people in poor communities relied on it for access to high-speed internet, writing that it was Pai's "obligation to the American public, as the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, to improve the Lifeline program and ensure that more Americans can afford access, and have means of access, to broadband and phone service." The senators also wrote, "Lifeline reaches more Americans in need of access to communication services."<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Internet_privacy">Internet privacy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Internet privacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2019, Markey, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Blumenthal" title="Richard Blumenthal">Richard Blumenthal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> a letter about Project Atlas and its relevance to "longstanding concerns that Facebook has used its products to deeply intrude into personal privacy."<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labor">Labor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2018, Markey led 11 senators in signing a letter to the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Labor_Relations_Authority" title="Federal Labor Relations Authority">Federal Labor Relations Authority</a> <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Kiko" title="Colleen Kiko">Colleen Kiko</a> urging the FLRA to end efforts to close its Boston regional office until Congress debated the matter because the closure would place staff farther away from the federal employees whose rights they protect.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: LGBT rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, Markey voted against the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2014, Markey was one of 69 members of the US House and Senate to sign a letter to then-FDA commissioner <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Burwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylvia Burwell">Sylvia Burwell</a> requesting that the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> revise its policy banning donation of <a href="/wiki/Corneas" class="mw-redirect" title="Corneas">corneas</a> and other tissues by men who have had sex with another man in the preceding five years.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2017, Markey was one of 46 senators to introduce the Equality Act of 2017, described by Representative <a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> as ensuring "that every LGBT person can live their lives free from the fear of discrimination. Above all, it's about honoring the values that have guided our nation since its founding. It's critical that Congress pass the Equality Act into law."<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2018, Markey was one of 20 senators to sign a letter to Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> urging him to reverse the rolling back of a policy that granted visas to same-sex partners of LGBT diplomats who had unions that were not recognized by their home countries, writing that too many places around the world have seen LGBT individuals "subjected to discrimination and unspeakable violence, and receive little or no protection from the law or local authorities" and that refusing to let LGBT diplomats bring their partners to the US would be equivalent of upholding "the discriminatory policies of many countries around the world."<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2019, Markey was one of 18 senators to sign a letter to Pompeo requesting an explanation of a State Department decision not to issue an official statement that year commemorating <a href="/wiki/Gay_pride#LGBT_Pride_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay pride">Pride Month</a> nor to issue the annual cable outlining activities for embassies commemorating Pride Month. They also asked why the LGBT special envoy position remained vacant and asserted that "preventing the official flying of rainbow flags and limiting public messages celebrating Pride Month signals to the international community that the United States is abandoning the advancement of LGBTI rights as a foreign policy priority."<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2013, Markey was one of 23 Democratic senators to sign a letter to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense Department</a> warning that some payday lenders were "offering predatory loan products to service members at exorbitant triple digit effective interest rates and loan products that do not include the additional protections envisioned by the law" and asserting that service members and their families "deserve the strongest possible protections and swift action to ensure that all forms of credit offered to members of our armed forces are safe and sound."<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_waste">Nuclear waste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Nuclear waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2019, Markey was an original cosponsor of the Sensible, Timely Relief for America's Nuclear Districts' Economic Development (STRANDED) Act, a bipartisan bill introduced by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Tammy Duckworth</a> that would give local government entities economic impact grants to offset the economic impact of stranded <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">nuclear waste</a>, form a task force to identify existing funding that could be used to benefit communities, and form a competitive innovative solutions prize competition to aid those communities in their search for alternatives to "nuclear facilities, generating sites, and waste sites."<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opioids">Opioids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Opioids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2017, Markey and 30 other senators signed a letter to Kaléo Pharmaceuticals in response to an increase of the <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">opioid-overdose</a>-reversing device Evzio's price from $690 in 2014 to $4,500. They requested the detailed price structure for Evzio, the number of devices Kaléo Pharmaceuticals set aside for donation, and the total federal reimbursements Evzio received in the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2017, Markey led 21 senators who signed a letter to Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> that said that 12% of adult <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> beneficiaries had some form or a substance abuse disorder, that one-third of treatment for opioid and other substance use disorders in the United States is financed by Medicaid, and that the American Health Care Act could "very literally translate into a death spiral for those with opioid use disorders" due to inadequate funding, often resulting in individuals abandoning substance use disorder treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pipelines">Pipelines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Pipelines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2016, Markey was one of five senators to sign a letter to President Obama requesting the administration halt work on the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline" title="Dakota Access Pipeline">Dakota Access Pipeline</a> until the permitting process of the Army Corps was transparent and would "include public notice and participation, formal and meaningful tribal consultation, and adequate environmental review", and stating their support for the "tribes along the pipeline route in their fight against the Dakota Access pipeline project."<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Public transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_to_Move_Act_FuhJxO7WwAY-qEV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Freedom_to_Move_Act_FuhJxO7WwAY-qEV.jpg/220px-Freedom_to_Move_Act_FuhJxO7WwAY-qEV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Freedom_to_Move_Act_FuhJxO7WwAY-qEV.jpg/330px-Freedom_to_Move_Act_FuhJxO7WwAY-qEV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Freedom_to_Move_Act_FuhJxO7WwAY-qEV.jpg/440px-Freedom_to_Move_Act_FuhJxO7WwAY-qEV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>April 2023 press conference by Markey (second from right) and Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Ayanna Pressley</a> (far right) promoting their "Freedom to Move" legislation. They are joined by Boston Mayor <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Wu" title="Michelle Wu">Michelle Wu</a> (second from left) and others</figcaption></figure> <p>Markey advocates making <a href="/wiki/Public_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transit">public transit</a> fare-free. In June 2020, he and Representative <a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Ayanna Pressley</a> co-authored the Freedom to Move Act, which would offer $5 billion in annual competitive grants to <a href="/wiki/Transit_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Transit agencies">transit agencies</a> that offer fare-free transit access. Markey argues that fare-free public transportation would help "provide low-income workers, families, seniors, and individuals with disabilities with improved access to jobs, education, medical care, and other critical services."<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markey and Pressley reintroduced the bill in April 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railroad_safety">Railroad safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Railroad safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2019, Markey was one of ten senators to cosponsor the Safe Freight Act, a bill requiring freight trains to have one or more certified conductors and a certified engineer on board who can collaborate on how to protect the train and people living near the tracks. The legislation was meant to correct a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Railroad_Administration" title="Federal Railroad Administration">Federal Railroad Administration</a> rollback of a proposed rule to establish safety standards.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Department">State Department</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: State Department"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2018, Markey was one of five senators who signed a letter to then-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> urging him to employ more multifactor authentication measures to secure the State Department's information systems and seeking answers on how the department would boost its security following the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>'s designation of the department's cyber readiness as "high risk", what the department would do to address the lack of multifactor authentication required by law and statistics on the department's cyber incidents over the last three years.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court">Supreme Court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Supreme Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2021, Markey sponsored a bill in the Senate to expand the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> from nine to 13 justices.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey was among the five Senate Democrats who voted against the final passage of the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markey received an Honorary Doctor of Laws from <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"America is both a leader and a laggard on climate action", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, December 18, 2023<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1988, Markey has been married to <a href="/wiki/Susan_Blumenthal" title="Susan Blumenthal">Susan Blumenthal</a>, who served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a> for Women's Health and held the rank of <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(United_States)" title="Rear admiral (United States)">rear admiral</a> as Assistant <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">U.S. Surgeon General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2005 to 2017, he was a contributing writer for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of several politicians who had a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_role" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameo role">cameo role</a> in the 2003 film <i><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_Generals_(film)" title="Gods and Generals (film)">Gods and Generals</a></i>, in which he played an <a href="/wiki/Irish_Brigade_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Brigade (U.S.)">Irish Brigade</a> officer.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Ed_Markey" title="Electoral history of Ed Markey">Electoral history of Ed Markey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Markey was not drafted. His birth date corresponded to number 248 in the 1969 military draft. The highest number called up for military service was 195.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKurtzleben,_Danielle2019" class="citation news cs1">Kurtzleben, Danielle (February 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/02/07/691997301/rep-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-releases-green-new-deal-outline">"Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Releases Green New Deal Outline"</a>. <i>NPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Rep.+Alexandria+Ocasio-Cortez+Releases+Green+New+Deal+Outline&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.au=Kurtzleben%2C+Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F02%2F07%2F691997301%2Frep-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-releases-green-new-deal-outline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEd+Markey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSommer2020" class="citation web cs1">Sommer, Liz (August 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stayhipp.com/internet/memes/gen-zers-stan-ed-markey-here-are-the-memes-to-prove-it/">"Gen Zers stan Ed Markey. Here Are The Memes To Prove It"</a>. <i>Stay Hipp</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stay+Hipp.&rft.atitle=Gen+Zers+stan+Ed+Markey.+Here+Are+The+Memes+To+Prove+It.&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft.aulast=Sommer&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstayhipp.com%2Finternet%2Fmemes%2Fgen-zers-stan-ed-markey-here-are-the-memes-to-prove-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEd+Markey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirenbaum2020" class="citation web cs1">Birenbaum, Gabby (August 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/513131-inside-ed-markeys-unlikely-emergence-as-an-icon-to-gen-z-activists/">"Inside Ed Markey's unlikely emergence as an icon to Gen Z activists"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Inside+Ed+Markey%27s+unlikely+emergence+as+an+icon+to+Gen+Z+activists&rft.date=2020-08-22&rft.aulast=Birenbaum&rft.aufirst=Gabby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fcampaign%2F513131-inside-ed-markeys-unlikely-emergence-as-an-icon-to-gen-z-activists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEd+Markey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilder,_David_B.1976" class="citation web cs1">Hilder, David B. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/56441073.html?FMT=ABS">the original</a> on November 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Boston, MA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WBUR-FM+Radio&rft.atitle=Markey%2C+U.S.+Congressman+For+36+Years%2C+Sets+His+Sights+On+The+Senate&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Nickisch&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbur.org%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F24%2Fedward-markey-senate-profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEd+Markey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/40890/browse?type=dateissued"><i>Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Gods+and+Generals+%282003%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0279111%2Ffullcredits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEd+Markey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=m000133">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4MA00028">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-markey/735">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/26900">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ed_Markey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Edward_John_Markey" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Edward John Markey">Ed Markey</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.markey.senate.gov">Senator Ed Markey</a> official U.S. Senate website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edmarkey.org/">Ed Markey for Senate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?260">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?469332-1/massachusetts-us-senate-democratic-primary-debate">Complete video of debate</a>, February 18, 2020 – <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?474641-1/massachusetts-us-senate-democratic-debate&live">Complete video of Markey-Kennedy debate</a>, August 11, 2020 - <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_R._Callahan_(state_representative)" title="William R. Callahan (state representative)">William R. Callahan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_16th_Middlesex_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 16th Middlesex district">16th Middlesex</a> district </b><br />1973–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Richard McGrath</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Edward Dickson</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_26th_Middlesex_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 26th Middlesex district">26th Middlesex</a> district </b><br />1975–1976 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">John McNeil</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Torbert Macdonald</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">Massachusetts's 7th congressional district</a> </b><br />1976–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Mike Capuano</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">Niki Tsongas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">Massachusetts's 5th congressional district</a> </b><br />2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Energy_Independence_and_Global_Warming" title="United States House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming">House Global Warming Committee</a> </b><br />2007–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Position abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Doc_Hastings" title="Doc Hastings">Doc Hastings</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">House Natural Resources Committee</a> </b><br />2011–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_DeFazio" title="Peter DeFazio">Peter DeFazio</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2013 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts">2013</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2014 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2020</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Most recent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan">Mo Cowan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">United States Senator (Class 2) from Massachusetts</a> </b><br />2013–present <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Mazie Hirono</a></div><i><b>as United States Senator from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as United States Senator from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></span></i> </b><br />since July 16, 2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a></div><i><b>as United States Senator from <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Deb Fischer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">United 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Representatives <br /><span class="nobold">(ordered by district)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Richard Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">Jim McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Lori Trahan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Jake Auchincloss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Ayanna Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Stephen Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Bill Keating</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_United_States_senators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_U.S._senators" title="Template:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_U.S._senators" title="Template talk:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_U.S._senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_United_States_senators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Current United States senators</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#Constitutional_roles" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) ‧ <b><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 14em;"> <ul><li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alabama" title="List of United States senators from Alabama">AL</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tuberville" title="Tommy Tuberville">Tuberville</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Katie_Britt" title="Katie Britt">Britt</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">AK</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Murkowski</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._senator)" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)">Sullivan</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arizona" title="List of United States senators from Arizona">AZ</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Sinema</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kelly" title="Mark Kelly">Kelly</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arkansas" title="List of United States senators from Arkansas">AR</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Boozman" title="John Boozman">Boozman</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">CA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Padilla</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Laphonza_Butler" title="Laphonza Butler">Butler</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Colorado" title="List of United States senators from Colorado">CO</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Bennet</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">Hickenlooper</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Blumenthal" title="Richard Blumenthal">Blumenthal</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Murphy</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">DE</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Coons</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Florida" title="List of United States senators from Florida">FL</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">R. Scott</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia">GA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Ossoff</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Warnock</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">HI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Schatz</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Hirono</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">ID</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Crapo</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Risch</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">IL</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Duckworth</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Indiana" title="List of United States senators from Indiana">IN</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Young</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Braun" title="Mike Braun">Braun</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">IA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joni_Ernst" title="Joni Ernst">Ernst</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kansas" title="List of United States senators from Kansas">KS</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moran" title="Jerry Moran">Moran</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Marshall" title="Roger Marshall">Marshall</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">LA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy">Cassidy</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)">Kennedy</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maine" title="List of United States senators from Maine">ME</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Collins</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">King</a> (I)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Cardin</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Hollen" title="Chris Van Hollen">Van Hollen</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Markey</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">MI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Peters</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Klobuchar</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tina_Smith" title="Tina Smith">Smith</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Mississippi" title="List of United States senators from Mississippi">MS</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Wicker</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Hyde-Smith" title="Cindy Hyde-Smith">Hyde-Smith</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmitt" title="Eric Schmitt">Schmitt</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Montana" title="List of United States senators from Montana">MT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Tester</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Daines</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nebraska" title="List of United States senators from Nebraska">NE</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Fischer</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Ricketts" title="Pete Ricketts">Ricketts</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nevada" title="List of United States senators from Nevada">NV</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cortez_Masto" title="Catherine Cortez Masto">Cortez Masto</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacky_Rosen" title="Jacky Rosen">Rosen</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Shaheen</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Hassan" title="Maggie Hassan">Hassan</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Jersey" title="List of United States senators from New Jersey">NJ</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Helmy" title="George Helmy">Helmy</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Mexico" title="List of United States senators from New Mexico">NM</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich" title="Martin Heinrich">Heinrich</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Ray_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Ben Ray Luján">Luján</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">NY</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Gillibrand</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from North Carolina">NC</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Tillis</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Budd" title="Ted Budd">Budd</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">ND</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">Hoeven</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Cramer" title="Kevin Cramer">Cramer</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">OH</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Brown</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oklahoma" title="List of United States senators from Oklahoma">OK</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">Lankford</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Mullin</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oregon" title="List of United States senators from Oregon">OR</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States senators from Pennsylvania">PA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Casey_Jr." title="Bob Casey Jr.">Casey</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Fetterman" title="John Fetterman">Fetterman</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Rhode_Island" title="List of United States senators from Rhode Island">RI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Reed</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Whitehouse" title="Sheldon Whitehouse">Whitehouse</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Graham</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">T. Scott</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">SD</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Rounds" title="Mike Rounds">Rounds</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Hagerty</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">TX</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Utah" title="List of United States senators from Utah">UT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Lee</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">Welch</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Warner</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Washington" title="List of United States senators from Washington">WA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Manchin</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Capito</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">WI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson" title="Ron Johnson">Johnson</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Baldwin</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wyoming" title="List of United States senators from Wyoming">WY</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Lummis" title="Cynthia Lummis">Lummis</a> (R)</div></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>: 49</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>: 47</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>: 4</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statewide_government_officials_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Template:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Template talk:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Statewide_government_officials_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Statewide government officials of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ed Markey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/85px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/128px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/170px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">State government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" title="Kim Driscoll">Kim Driscoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Galvin" title="William F. Galvin">William F. Galvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" title="Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Campbell" title="Andrea Campbell">Andrea Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" title="Massachusetts Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Goldberg" title="Deb Goldberg">Deb Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_and_Receiver-General_of_Massachusetts" title="Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_DiZoglio" title="Diana DiZoglio">Diana DiZoglio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor" title="Massachusetts State Auditor">Auditor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">State Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Spilka" title="Karen Spilka">Karen Spilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" title="President of the Massachusetts Senate">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Brownsberger" title="Will Brownsberger">Will Brownsberger</a>, President pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stone_Creem" title="Cynthia Stone Creem">Cynthia Stone Creem</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Tarr" title="Bruce Tarr">Bruce Tarr</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">State House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Mariano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Mariano">Ronald Mariano</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Hogan" title="Kate Hogan">Kate Hogan</a>, Speaker pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moran_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Michael Moran (Massachusetts politician)">Mike Moran</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Jones_Jr." title="Bradley Jones Jr.">Bradley Jones</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Supreme Judicial Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Kimberly S. Budd</a>, Chief Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaziano" title="Frank Gaziano">Frank Gaziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_L._Kafker" title="Scott L. Kafker">Scott L. Kafker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt" title="Dalila Argaez Wendlandt">Dalila Argaez Wendlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Georges_Jr." title="Serge Georges Jr.">Serge Georges Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Dewar" title="Bessie Dewar">Bessie Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Wolohojian" title="Gabrielle Wolohojian">Gabrielle Wolohojian</a>, Associate Justices</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Massachusetts" title="Political party strength in Massachusetts">Political party strength in Massachusetts</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">United States senators from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tristram_Dalton" title="Tristram Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cabot" title="George Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_P._Ashmun" title="Eli P. Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_Mellen" title="Prentiss Mellen">Mellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Butler" title="William M. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">J. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_A._Smith_II" title="Benjamin A. Smith II">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">E. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">J. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_A._Coolidge" title="Marcus A. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks" title="Sinclair Weeks">S. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan">Cowan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Markey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Holten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bacon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bacon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_III" title="Josiah Quincy III">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward_Jr." title="Artemas Ward Jr.">Ward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Richard Fletcher (American politician)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Atkins_Eliot_(politician)" title="Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician)">S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernard_Hall" title="Robert Bernard Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Davis" title="Robert T. Davis">R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_B._Wright" title="Ashley B. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Lawrence" title="George P. Lawrence">G. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_T._Treadway" title="Allen T. Treadway">Treadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Heselton" title="John W. Heselton">Heselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">Olver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/100px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/200px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts02 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepard" title="William Shepard">Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Crowninshield" title="Jacob Crowninshield">J. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pickman_Jr." title="Benjamin Pickman Jr.">Pickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Reed_(politician)" title="William Reed (politician)">W. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Barstow" title="Gideon Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">B. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._Phillips" title="Stephen C. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall_I" title="Leverett Saltonstall I">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._King" title="Daniel P. King">D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Fay" title="Francis B. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Crocker" title="Samuel L. Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">O. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_W._Harris" title="Benjamin W. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Churchill" title="George B. Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Bowles" title="Henry L. Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kirk_Kaynor" title="Will Kirk Kaynor">Kaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Granfield" title="William J. Granfield">Granfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Clason" title="Charles R. Clason">Clason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts03 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Coffin_Jr." title="Peleg Coffin Jr.">Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lyman" title="Samuel Lyman">S. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Mattoon" title="Ebenezer Mattoon">Mattoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_St._Loe_Livermore" title="Edward St. Loe Livermore">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_White_(politician)" title="Leonard White (politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Varnum" title="John Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayton_P._Osgood" title="Gayton P. Osgood">Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Abbott" title="Amos Abbott">A. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duncan" title="James H. Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Wiley_Edmands" title="J. Wiley Edmands">Edmands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Damrell" title="William S. Damrell">Damrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thomas_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thomas (politician)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginery_Twichell" title="Ginery Twichell">Twichell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Whiting (Massachusetts politician)">Whiting I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Dean" title="Benjamin Dean">B. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Ranney" title="Ambrose Ranney">Ranney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Andrew" title="John F. Andrew">J. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Thayer" title="John R. Thayer">J. R. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood_Hoar" title="Rockwood Hoar">R. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Washburn" title="Charles G. Washburn">C. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Thayer" title="John A. Thayer">J. A. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Paige" title="Calvin Paige">Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Foss" title="Frank H. Foss">F. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Casey" title="Joseph E. Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Philbin" title="Philip J. Philbin">Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blute" title="Peter Blute">Blute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Trahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts04 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Richardson" title="William M. Richardson">W. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dana_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahel_Stearns" title="Asahel Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Fuller" title="Timothy Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">E. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Sa. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parmenter" title="William Parmenter">Parmenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Palfrey" title="John G. Palfrey">Palfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sabine" title="Lorenzo Sabine">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Walley" title="Samuel H. Walley">Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_B._Comins" title="Linus B. Comins">Comins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_S._Frost" title="Rufus S. Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gardner_Abbott" title="Josiah Gardner Abbott">J. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collins_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Collins (mayor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Apsley" title="Lewis D. Apsley">Apsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Weymouth" title="George W. Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Tirrell" title="Charles Q. Tirrell">Tirrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Winslow" title="Samuel Winslow">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Stobbs" title="George R. Stobbs">Stobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_G._Holmes" title="Pehr G. Holmes">P. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Kennedy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Auchincloss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts05 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Partridge" title="George Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Freeman_Jr." title="Nathaniel Freeman Jr.">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dwight_(politician)" title="Thomas Dwight (politician)">T. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ely" title="William Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Sibley" title="Jonas Sibley">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">J. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hudson_(American_politician)" title="Charles Hudson (American politician)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)">C. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Burlingame" title="Anson Burlingame">Burlingame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Z._Bowman" title="Selwyn Z. Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Hayden" title="Edward D. Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hoar" title="Sherman Hoar">Sh. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shadrach_Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shadrach Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Ames" title="Butler Ames">B. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rogers" title="John Jacob Rogers">J. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">E. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Bradford_Morse" title="F. Bradford Morse">B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Cronin" title="Paul W. Cronin">Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts06 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Sr." title="John Reed Sr.">J. Reed Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Smith" title="Josiah Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taggart" title="Samuel Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Locke (Massachusetts politician)">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Kendall" title="Joseph G. Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Alvord" title="James C. Alvord">Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmyn_Baker" title="Osmyn Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ashmun" title="George Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Davis" title="George T. Davis">G. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth_Upham" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wentworth Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Davis_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Timothy Davis (Massachusetts politician)">T. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perkins_Thompson" title="Charles Perkins Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Loring" title="George B. Loring">Loring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Lovering" title="Henry B. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Peabody_Gardner" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Peabody Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willfred_W._Lufkin" title="Willfred W. Lufkin">Lufkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Piatt_Andrew" title="A. Piatt Andrew">A.P. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Bates" title="George J. Bates">G. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Bates" title="William H. Bates">W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">Mavroules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">Torkildsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Moulton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts07 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bullock" title="Stephen Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Mitchell" title="Nahum Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Barker (Massachusetts politician)">Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Turner_Jr." title="Charles Turner Jr.">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Shaw_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Shaw (Massachusetts politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">J. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Brooks" title="George M. Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_C._Esty" title="Constantine C. Esty">Esty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">E. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Tarbox" title="John K. Tarbox">Tarbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Everett" title="William Everett">W. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Emerson_Barrett" title="William Emerson Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Maloney" title="Robert S. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Connery_Jr." title="William P. Connery Jr.">W. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Connery" title="Lawrence J. Connery">L. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lane" title="Thomas J. Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts08 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Grout" title="Jonathan Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Gardner" title="Gideon Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabdiel_Sampson" title="Zabdiel Sampson">Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Calhoun" title="William B. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Wentworth" title="Tappan Wentworth">Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_L._Knapp" title="Chauncey L. Knapp">Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Train" title="Charles R. Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denison_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Denison Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._S._Williams" title="John M. S. Williams">J. M. S. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Warren" title="William W. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">C. H. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Simpson_Deitrick" title="Frederick Simpson Deitrick">Deitrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Irving_Thayer" title="Harry Irving Thayer">H. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Daniel_Healey" title="Arthur Daniel Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angier_Goodwin" title="Angier Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Kennedy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts09 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Dean" title="Josiah Dean">J. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Jr." title="Walter Folger Jr.">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(Massachusetts_politician,_born_1783)" title="William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Soden_Hastings" title="William Soden Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Hale" title="Artemas Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orin_Fowler" title="Orin Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Little" title="Edward P. Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Witt" title="Alexander De Witt">De Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Thayer" title="Eli Thayer">E. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith_Bailey" title="Goldsmith Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Walker" title="Amasa Walker">A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_III" title="Theodore Lyman III">T. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Ely" title="Frederick D. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burnett" title="Edward Burnett">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Williams" title="George F. Williams">G. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Conry" title="Joseph A. Conry">Conry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Keliher" title="John A. Keliher">Keliher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Underhill" title="Charles L. Underhill">Underhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Russell" title="Richard M. Russell">R. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Eliot" title="Thomas H. Eliot">T. H. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Nicholson" title="Donald W. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Day_Hicks" title="Louise Day Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">Moakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Read" title="Nathan Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_Upham" title="Jabez Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Allen_(congressman)" title="Joseph Allen (congressman)">J. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">F Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bailey_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bailey (Massachusetts politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Scammell_Dearborn" title="Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn">H. A. S. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">W. Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grinnell_(politician)" title="Joseph Grinnell (politician)">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dickinson" title="Edward Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_C._Chaffee" title="Calvin C. Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delano" title="Charles Delano">Delano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Stevens" title="Charles A. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Hawley_Seelye" title="Julius Hawley Seelye">Seelye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Norcross" title="Amasa Norcross">Norcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Russell" title="John E. Russell">J. E. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McEttrick" title="Michael J. McEttrick">McEttrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Henry_Atwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Henry Atwood">Atwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Barrows" title="Samuel J. Barrows">Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Naphen" title="Henry F. Naphen">Naphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._McNary" title="William S. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Curtis" title="Laurence Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Heckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">Delahunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Bradbury" title="Theophilus Bradbury">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Bartlett" title="Bailey Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stedman" title="William Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_Bigelow" title="Abijah Bigelow">A. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Adams_(politician)" title="Benjamin Adams (politician)">B. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">J. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Richardson_(American_politician)" title="Joseph Richardson (American politician)">J. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Trafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_II" title="William Whiting II">Whiting II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Wallace_(politician)" title="Rodney Wallace (politician)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_S._Coolidge" title="Frederick S. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Franklin_Draper_(politician)" title="William Franklin Draper (politician)">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Sprague" title="Charles F. Sprague">Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Sullivan" title="John Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patrick Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts12 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">H. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Isaac Parker (Massachusetts judge)">I. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Lee" title="Silas Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Larned" title="Simon Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Bidwell" title="Barnabas Bidwell">Bidwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dewey" title="Daniel Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Strong" title="Solomon Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kendall" title="Jonas Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Bigelow" title="Lewis Bigelow">L. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Hodges" title="James L. Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Rockwell_(politician)" title="Francis W. Rockwell (politician)">F. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_Crosby" title="John Crawford Crosby">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">Gallivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts13 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Seaver" title="Ebenezer Seaver">Seaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Ruggles" title="Nathaniel Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dowse" title="Edward Dowse">Dowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simpkins" title="John Simpkins">Simpkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Carter" title="William Henry Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts14 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cutts" title="Richard Cutts">Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_King" title="Cyrus King">C. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">J. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">E. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Harris" title="Robert O. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gilmore" title="Edward Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney_II" title="Richard Olney II">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts15 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ilsley" title="Daniel Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Widgery" title="William Widgery">Widgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bradbury_(American_politician)" title="George Bradbury (American politician)">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Leach" title="Robert M. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts16 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Cook" title="Orchard Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Tallman" title="Peleg Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Davis_(American_politician)" title="Samuel Davis (American politician)">S. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Orr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Benjamin Orr (Massachusetts politician)">Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Langdon_Hill" title="Mark Langdon Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chandler_Thacher" title="Thomas Chandler Thacher">Thacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walsh_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Walsh (Massachusetts politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts17 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Bruce" title="Phineas Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chandler" title="John Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzillai_Gannett" title="Barzillai Gannett">Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Carr_(District_of_Maine_politician)" title="Francis Carr (District of Maine politician)">F. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Wood" title="Abiel Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Carr (Massachusetts politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kinsley" title="Martin Kinsley">Kinsley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts18 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rice_(1768)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rice (1768)">T. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts19 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Conner" title="Samuel S. Conner">Conner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Gage" title="Joshua Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cushman" title="Joshua Cushman">Cushman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts20 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 20th congressional district">20th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Hubbard" title="Levi Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Parris" title="Albion Parris">Parris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Lincoln" title="Enoch Lincoln">E. Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="MassachusettsAL !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Massachusetts's at-large congressional seat">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Massachusetts&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_94th–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Massachusetts&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_94th–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>'s delegation(s) to the 94th–present <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/94th_United_States_Congress" title="94th United States Congress">94th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">E. Brooke</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">E. Boland</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">T. O'Neill</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">T. Macdonald</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">J. Burke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">M. Harrington</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">M. Heckler</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">R. Drinan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/95th_United_States_Congress" title="95th United States Congress">95th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">E. Brooke</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">E. Boland</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">T. O'Neill</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">J. Burke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">M. Harrington</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">M. Heckler</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">R. Drinan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/96th_United_States_Congress" title="96th United States Congress">96th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">E. Boland</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">T. O'Neill</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">M. Heckler</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">R. Drinan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Shannon</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/97th_United_States_Congress" title="97th United States Congress">97th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">E. Boland</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">T. O'Neill</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">M. Heckler</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Shannon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/98th_United_States_Congress" title="98th United States Congress">98th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas"><i>P. Tsongas</i></a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry"><i>J. Kerry</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">E. Boland</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">T. O'Neill</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Shannon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/99th_United_States_Congress" title="99th United States Congress">99th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">E. Boland</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">T. O'Neill</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">C. Atkins</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/100th_United_States_Congress" title="100th United States Congress">100th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">E. Boland</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">C. Atkins</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">C. Atkins</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte"><i>S. Conte</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">C. Atkins</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver"><i>J. Olver</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Peter_I._Blute" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I. Blute">P. Blute</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">P. Torkildsen</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Peter_I._Blute" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I. Blute">P. Blute</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">P. Torkildsen</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley"><i>J. Moakley</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch"><i>S. Lynch</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan"><i>M. Meehan</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas"><i>N. Tsongas</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/111th_United_States_Congress" title="111th United States Congress">111th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy"><i>T. Kennedy</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk"><i>P. Kirk</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)"><i>S. Brown</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress" title="112th United States Congress">112th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">S. Brown</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry"><i>J. Kerry</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan"><i>M. Cowan</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>E. Markey</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>E. Markey</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark"><i>K. Clark</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">J. Auchincloss</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">J. Auchincloss</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1282411#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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