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<li id="toc-Stances_on_the_etiology_and_mutability_of_homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stances_on_the_etiology_and_mutability_of_homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stances on the etiology and mutability of homosexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stances_on_the_etiology_and_mutability_of_homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abba_Goldberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abba_Goldberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Abba Goldberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abba_Goldberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-George_Rekers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#George_Rekers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>George Rekers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-George_Rekers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gerald_Schoenewolf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gerald_Schoenewolf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Gerald Schoenewolf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gerald_Schoenewolf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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data-title="الجمعية الوطنية لأبحاث وعلاج المثلية الجنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ন্যাশনাল অ্যাসোসিয়েশন ফর রিসার্চ অ্যান্ড থেরাপি অব হোমোসেক্সুয়ালিটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ন্যাশনাল অ্যাসোসিয়েশন ফর রিসার্চ অ্যান্ড থেরাপি অব হোমোসেক্সুয়ালিটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96" title="Нацыянальнае аб’яднаньне дасьледаваньня і лячэньня гомасэксуальнасьці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нацыянальнае аб’яднаньне дасьледаваньня і лячэньня гомасэксуальнасьці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Национална асоциация за изследване и терапия на хомосексуалността – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национална асоциация за изследване и терапия на хомосексуалността" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Национальная ассоциация по исследованию и терапии гомосексуальности – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная ассоциация по исследованию и терапии гомосексуальности" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_for_Research_%26_Therapy_of_Homosexuality" title="National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=NARTH&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="NARTH">NARTH</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former US organization promoting conversion therapy</div> <p> The <b>Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity</b> (<b>ATCSI</b>), which until 2014 was known as the <b>National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality</b> (<b>NARTH</b>), also known as the <b>NARTH Institute</b>, is a US organization that promotes <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> practice used in attempts to change the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> of people with <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_attraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex attraction">same-sex attraction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haldeman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haldeman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NARTH was founded in 1992 by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nicolosi" title="Joseph Nicolosi">Joseph Nicolosi</a>, Benjamin Kaufman, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Socarides" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Socarides">Charles Socarides</a>. Its headquarters were in <a href="/wiki/Encino,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Encino, California">Encino</a>, California, at its Thomas Aquinas Psychological Clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NARTH has not been recognized by any major United States–based professional association.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NARTH's promotion of conversion therapy as a scientifically supported therapeutic method is contradicted by overwhelming scientific consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-ajp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> (APA) states that homosexuality is a normal and positive variation of human sexual orientation, and is not a <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-APAResolution_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APAResolution-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APA's Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation affirms the tension between some religious values and other organizations and the existence of a subset of individuals who are distressed about their same-sex attraction, but it says it has not found adequately rigorous studies that suggest sexual orientation change efforts are successful. The APA Task Force has also found that some individuals reported being harmed by sexual orientation change efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-APAResolution_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APAResolution-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NARTH was founded in 1992 by Benjamin Kaufman, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Socarides" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Socarides">Charles Socarides</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nicolosi" title="Joseph Nicolosi">Joseph Nicolosi</a>. In an article titled "In Defense of the Need for Honest Dialogue", Kaufman wrote that the three of them founded NARTH because the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Psychiatric Association</a> and similar professional organizations "had totally stifled the scientific inquiry that would be necessary to stimulate a discussion" about homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization had <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a> tax exempt status, which was revoked by the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> in September 2012 due to ongoing failure to file required paperwork.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NARTH claimed to be a secular organization, differentiating it from other <a href="/wiki/Ex-gay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-gay">ex-gay</a> groups that were primarily religious in nature. Nevertheless, NARTH often partnered with religious groups,<sup id="cite_ref-SCTECR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCTECR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Jews_Offering_New_Alternatives_for_Healing" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews Offering New Alternatives for Healing">Jews Offering New Alternatives for Healing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_2:25_International" title="Joel 2:25 International">Joel 2:25 International</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_International" title="Evergreen International">Evergreen International</a> in <a href="/wiki/Positive_Alternatives_to_Homosexuality" title="Positive Alternatives to Homosexuality">Positive Alternatives to Homosexuality</a>. </p><p>In July 2011, NARTH failed to pay its dues to the California Board for Behavioral Sciences and was removed from the list of groups that provide continuing education credits to therapists in California. NARTH had been an approved continuing education provider since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No schools, universities or professional programs currently train counselors in reparative therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliations">Affiliations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Affiliations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NARTH had several connections to <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_International" title="Evergreen International">Evergreen International</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. The Evergreen website referenced the therapeutic methods of NARTH founder Joseph Nicolosi as "beneficial".<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicolosi worked with <a href="/wiki/A._Dean_Byrd" title="A. Dean Byrd">A. Dean Byrd</a> (an Evergreen Board member, Director of Clinical Training for <a href="/wiki/LDS_Social_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="LDS Social Services">LDS Social Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> professor, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Attraction_Research" title="Foundation for Attraction Research">Foundation for Attraction Research</a>) to author several papers on reparative therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicolosi2000_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicolosi2000-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byrd also served as president of NARTH and also published an article<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the LDS church's September 1999 Ensign.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Positive_Alternatives_to_Homosexuality" title="Positive Alternatives to Homosexuality">Positive Alternatives to Homosexuality</a> (PATH) made NARTH a member. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stances_on_the_etiology_and_mutability_of_homosexuality">Stances on the etiology and mutability of homosexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Stances on the etiology and mutability of homosexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The founders held that homosexuality is a treatable mental illness and that a person's sexual orientation can be changed through therapy. Such <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Haldeman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haldeman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> harmful, and unethical according to major medical and psychological organisations in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-APAResolution_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APAResolution-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-splc_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-RANZCP1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RANZCP1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RANZCP2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RANZCP2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Socarides in particular said in the mid-1990s that he had treated about a thousand homosexual patients, and cured over a third by dealing with the parental causes of an absent father and overbearing mother.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Claims that pathologize homosexuality and state that it can be changed through therapy have been denounced by almost every major US medical association, including the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Psychiatric Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-splc_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006 the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> declared that NARTH created "an environment in which prejudice and discrimination can flourish".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> (SPLC) singled the group out as a main source of <a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">junk science</a> used by hate groups to justify anti-gay rhetoric.<sup id="cite_ref-splc_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NARTH was accused of employing abusive methods to attempt to change sexual orientation by the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Truth_Wins_Out" title="Truth Wins Out">Truth Wins Out</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abba_Goldberg">Abba Goldberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Abba Goldberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, NARTH’s executive secretary Abba Goldberg disclosed a 1991 criminal conviction for conspiracy and fraud, for which he served 18 months in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="George_Rekers">George Rekers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: George Rekers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Rekers" title="George Rekers">George Rekers</a> was a former officer and scientific advisor of the NARTH.<sup id="cite_ref-narthadvisors_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narthadvisors-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-narthofficers_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narthofficers-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rekers has testified in court that homosexuality is destructive, and against parenthood by <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a> people in a number of court cases involving organizations and state agencies working with children.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2010, Rekers employed a male prostitute as a travel companion for a two-week vacation in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Busted_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Busted-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RawNewsMedia_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RawNewsMedia-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rekers denied any inappropriate conduct and suggestions that he was gay. The male escort told CNN he had given Rekers "sexual massages" while traveling together in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN7may2010_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN7may2010-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rekers subsequently resigned from the board of NARTH.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gerald_Schoenewolf">Gerald Schoenewolf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gerald Schoenewolf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2005, NARTH published on its website an essay titled "Gay Rights and Political Correctness: A Brief History", written by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenewolf" title="Gerald Schoenewolf">Gerald Schoenewolf</a>, a member of NARTH's Science Advisory Committee. The essay made several controversial claims, including that the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gay-rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay-rights movement">gay rights</a> movements are "destructive", that the American Psychological Association "has been taken over by extremist gays", and that Africans were fortunate to have been sold into <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SPLConEssay_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPLConEssay-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SPLC called it an angry polemic that made outrageous historical claims and criticised both NARTH and Schoenewolf. The essay drew little attention until a letter of protest was presented to NARTH by the <a href="/wiki/National_Black_Justice_Coalition" title="National Black Justice Coalition">National Black Justice Coalition</a> in mid-September 2006. Truth Wins Out then called on <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a> to cancel a planned appearance by Nicolosi at their conference. Nicolosi appeared as planned but the Schoenewolf essay was removed from the NARTH website the same day. On October 6, 2006, NARTH published a statement: "NARTH regrets the comments made by Dr. Schoenewolf about slavery which have been misconstrued by some of our readers."<sup id="cite_ref-SPLConEssay_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPLConEssay-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/48px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/64px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_sexual_orientation" title="Biology and sexual orientation">Biology and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_and_sexual_orientation" title="Environment and sexual orientation">Environment and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_psychology" title="Homosexuality and psychology">Homosexuality and psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Therapeutic_and_Counseling_Choice" title="International Federation for Therapeutic and Counseling Choice">International Federation for Therapeutic and Counseling Choice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Haldeman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haldeman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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NBC29 News WVIR Charlottesville, VA. December 7, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbc29.com/story/5783226/controversial-leader-of-ex-gay-therapy-group-steps-down-as-criticism-mounts-dr-joseph-nicolosi-bows-out-after-racist-ideology-discovered-on-web-site">the original</a> on November 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=splcenter.org&rft.atitle=NARTH+Becomes+Main+Source+for+Anti-Gay+%27Junk+Science%27&rft.aulast=Lenz&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fintelligence-report%2F2012%2Fnarth-becomes-main-source-anti-gay-%25E2%2580%2598junk-science%25E2%2580%2599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+for+Therapeutic+Choice+and+Scientific+Integrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RANZCP1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RANZCP1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCommittee_for_Therapeutic_Interventions_and_Evidence-Based_Practice,_Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists">Committee for Therapeutic Interventions and Evidence-Based Practice, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists</a> (June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117011907/https://www.ranzcp.org/Files/Resources/College_Statements/Position_Statements/PS-60-PS-Sexual-Orientation-Change-Efforts-(Ju-(1).aspx">"Position Statement 60 – Sexual orientation change efforts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ranzcp.org/Files/Resources/College_Statements/Position_Statements/PS-60-PS-Sexual-Orientation-Change-Efforts-(Ju-(1).aspx">the original</a> on January 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span>. <q>The harm such therapies can cause to individuals, the contribution they make to the misrepresentation of homosexuality as a mental disorder, and the prejudice and discrimination that can flourish through the use of such therapies has led all major medical organisations to oppose the use of sexual orientation change efforts.<br /><b>Recommendations</b><br />* The RANZCP does not support the use of sexual orientation change efforts of any kind<br />* Mental health workers must avoid misrepresenting the efficacy of sexual orientation change efforts when providing assistance to people distressed by their own or others' sexual orientation<br />* Mental health workers should assist people distressed by their sexual orientation by care and treatment approaches that involve acceptance, support, and identity exploration. These should aim to reduce the stigma associated with homosexuality and respect the person's religious beliefs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Position+Statement+60+%26ndash%3B+Sexual+orientation+change+efforts&rft.pub=Royal+Australian+and+New+Zealand+College+of+Psychiatrists&rft.date=2015-06&rft.au=Committee+for+Therapeutic+Interventions+and+Evidence-Based+Practice%2C+Royal+Australian+and+New+Zealand+College+of+Psychiatrists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ranzcp.org%2FFiles%2FResources%2FCollege_Statements%2FPosition_Statements%2FPS-60-PS-Sexual-Orientation-Change-Efforts-%28Ju-%281%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+for+Therapeutic+Choice+and+Scientific+Integrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RANZCP2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RANZCP2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoard,_Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists">Board, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists</a> (March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074818/https://www.ranzcp.org/Files/Resources/College_Statements/Position_Statements/PS-83-LGBTI-mental-health-2016.aspx">"Position Statement 83 – Recognising and addressing the mental health needs of people identifying as LGBTI"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span>. <q>[S]exual orientation change efforts, or often non-consensual therapies intended to change the sexual orientation of a person, are now broadly understood to be harmful and unethical</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Position+Statement+83+%26ndash%3B+Recognising+and+addressing+the+mental+health+needs+of+people+identifying+as+LGBTI&rft.pub=Royal+Australian+and+New+Zealand+College+of+Psychiatrists&rft.date=2016-03&rft.au=Board%2C+Royal+Australian+and+New+Zealand+College+of+Psychiatrists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ranzcp.org%2FFiles%2FResources%2FCollege_Statements%2FPosition_Statements%2FPS-83-LGBTI-mental-health-2016.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+for+Therapeutic+Choice+and+Scientific+Integrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/02/AR2006010200135.html">"Charles Socarides Dies; Said He 'Cured' Gays"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+Report&rft.atitle=Anti-Gay+Organization+NARTH+Publishes+Essay+on+Gay+Rights+and+Political+Correctness&rft.issue=124&rft.date=2007-01-16&rft.aulast=Mock&rft.aufirst=Brentin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fintelligence-report%2F2007%2Fanti-gay-organization-narth-publishes-essay-gay-rights-and-political-correctness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+for+Therapeutic+Choice+and+Scientific+Integrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.therapeuticchoice.com/">The Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity</a>, Official Website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061229153003/http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/copptherapyaddendum83100.cfm">COPP Position Statement on Therapies Focused on Attempts to Change Sexual Orientation (Reparative or Conversion Therapies)</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&oldid=1278631537">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity&oldid=1278631537</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conversion_therapy_organizations" title="Category:Conversion therapy organizations">Conversion therapy organizations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-profit_organizations_based_in_California" title="Category:Non-profit organizations based in California">Non-profit organizations based in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_1992" title="Category:Organizations established in 1992">Organizations established in 1992</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_that_oppose_LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Organizations that oppose LGBTQ rights in the United States">Organizations that oppose LGBTQ rights in the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2012" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2012">Use mdy dates from April 2012</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 March 2025, at 16:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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