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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">16 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38808871 coauthored" data-work_id="38808871" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38808871/Arbitrary_Signals_and_Cognitive_Complexity">Arbitrary Signals and Cognitive Complexity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The arbitrariness of a signal has long been seen as a theoretically important but difficult to pin down notion. In this article, we suggest there are at least two different notions of arbitrariness at play in philosophical and scientific... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38808871" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The arbitrariness of a signal has long been seen as a theoretically important but difficult to pin down notion. In this article, we suggest there are at least two different notions of arbitrariness at play in philosophical and scientific debates concerning the use of arbitrary signals, and work towards improved analyses of both. We then consider how these different types of arbitrariness can co-occur and come apart. Finally, we examine the connections between these two types of arbitrariness and the cognitive complexity of signal users with an eye towards better evaluating one possible form of human-nonhuman communicative continuity. We show that each type of arbitrariness bears its own nuanced relationship to cognitive complexity, demonstrating the theoretical importanceof keeping these two notions separate.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38808871" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="690377071b0aa7eb31787ff744f875ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58900292,"asset_id":38808871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58900292/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57097860" href="https://uow.academia.edu/RonaldPlaner">Ronald Planer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57097860" type="text/json">{"id":57097860,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Planer","domain_name":"uow","page_name":"RonaldPlaner","display_name":"Ronald Planer","profile_url":"https://uow.academia.edu/RonaldPlaner?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57097860/16676870/105220908/s65_ronald.planer.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38808871">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38808871"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/DavidKalkman">David Kalkman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38808871'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38808871').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38808871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38808871"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38808871, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38808871", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38808871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38808871; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38808871"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38808871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38808871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38808871; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38808871]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38808871").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38808871").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38808871"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolic_Communication">Symbolic Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131884" type="text/json">{"id":131884,"name":"Symbolic Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolic_Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="290465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language">Origins and evolution of language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="290465" type="text/json">{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38808871]'), work: {"id":38808871,"title":"Arbitrary Signals and Cognitive Complexity","created_at":"2019-04-14T15:47:21.892-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38808871/Arbitrary_Signals_and_Cognitive_Complexity?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_38808871","summary":"The arbitrariness of a signal has long been seen as a theoretically important but difficult to pin down notion. In this article, we suggest there are at least two different notions of arbitrariness at play in philosophical and scientific debates concerning the use of arbitrary signals, and work towards improved analyses of both. We then consider how these different types of arbitrariness can co-occur and come apart. Finally, we examine the connections between these two types of arbitrariness and the cognitive complexity of signal users with an eye towards better evaluating one possible form of human-nonhuman communicative continuity. We show that each type of arbitrariness bears its own nuanced relationship to cognitive complexity, demonstrating the theoretical importanceof keeping these two notions separate.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58900292,"asset_id":38808871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57097860,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Planer","domain_name":"uow","page_name":"RonaldPlaner","display_name":"Ronald Planer","profile_url":"https://uow.academia.edu/RonaldPlaner?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57097860/16676870/105220908/s65_ronald.planer.png"},{"id":4006834,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Kalkman","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"DavidKalkman","display_name":"David Kalkman","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/DavidKalkman?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4006834/1518879/6953301/s65_david.kalkman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":131884,"name":"Symbolic Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolic_Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4352079" data-work_id="4352079" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4352079/Chicken_food_calls_are_functionally_referential">Chicken food calls are functionally referential</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Male chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus, usually produce characteristic 'food' calls upon discovering edible objects, and are more likely to do so in the presence of a hen. Food calling is thus dependent upon food and modulated by social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4352079" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Male chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus, usually produce characteristic 'food' calls upon discovering edible objects, and are more likely to do so in the presence of a hen. Food calling is thus dependent upon food and modulated by social context, which is consistent with the idea that hens respond because they anticipate a feeding opportunity. An alternative model suggests that female behaviour is not mediated by the predicted presence of food but rather by social information, such as a low probability of male aggression. We conducted two playback experiments to explore the type of information encoded in food-associated vocal signals. Isolated hens were played recorded food calls and we compared their responses with those evoked by ground alarm calls (which have similar acoustic characteristics) and by contact calls (which are produced under similar social circumstances). Hens responded to food call playbacks by fixating downwards with the frontal binocular field. This anticipatory feeding movement was specific to food calls and did not occur in either of the control conditions. Food calls also affected looking downwards selectively. There were no differences between the call types in their effects on social behaviour, such as approach and contact calling, nor were there differences in the nonspecific effects of sound playback, such as orienting towards the loudspeaker or increased locomotor activity. Chicken food calls appear to provide conspecifics with information about the presence of food. This property has not hitherto been demonstrated in any natural system of animal acoustic signals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4352079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82bac5b376ec02bbd08787f454d9ee49" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35031914,"asset_id":4352079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35031914/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1158181" href="https://mq.academia.edu/LindaEvans">Linda Evans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1158181" type="text/json">{"id":1158181,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"LindaEvans","display_name":"Linda Evans","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/LindaEvans?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1158181/517090/18859760/s65_linda.evans.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4352079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4352079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4352079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4352079", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4352079]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4352079").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4352079").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4352079"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4352079]'), work: {"id":4352079,"title":"Chicken food calls are functionally referential","created_at":"2013-08-28T07:24:57.262-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4352079/Chicken_food_calls_are_functionally_referential?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_4352079","summary":"Male chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus, usually produce characteristic 'food' calls upon discovering edible objects, and are more likely to do so in the presence of a hen. Food calling is thus dependent upon food and modulated by social context, which is consistent with the idea that hens respond because they anticipate a feeding opportunity. An alternative model suggests that female behaviour is not mediated by the predicted presence of food but rather by social information, such as a low probability of male aggression. We conducted two playback experiments to explore the type of information encoded in food-associated vocal signals. Isolated hens were played recorded food calls and we compared their responses with those evoked by ground alarm calls (which have similar acoustic characteristics) and by contact calls (which are produced under similar social circumstances). Hens responded to food call playbacks by fixating downwards with the frontal binocular field. This anticipatory feeding movement was specific to food calls and did not occur in either of the control conditions. Food calls also affected looking downwards selectively. There were no differences between the call types in their effects on social behaviour, such as approach and contact calling, nor were there differences in the nonspecific effects of sound playback, such as orienting towards the loudspeaker or increased locomotor activity. Chicken food calls appear to provide conspecifics with information about the presence of food. This property has not hitherto been demonstrated in any natural system of animal acoustic signals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35031914,"asset_id":4352079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1158181,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"LindaEvans","display_name":"Linda Evans","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/LindaEvans?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1158181/517090/18859760/s65_linda.evans.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1571622" data-work_id="1571622" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1571622/Aerial_alarm_calling_by_male_fowl_Gallus_gallus_reveals_subtle_new_mechanisms_of_risk_management">Aerial alarm calling by male fowl (Gallus gallus) reveals subtle new mechanisms of risk management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alarm calling is a classic problem in evolutionary biology. Although a signaller may increase the likelihood of survival for group members, which typically include kin and mates, there are inherent risks associated with any behaviour that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1571622" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alarm calling is a classic problem in evolutionary biology. Although a signaller may increase the likelihood of survival for group members, which typically include kin and mates, there are inherent risks associated with any behaviour that increases conspicuousness to predators. Callers can increase their indirect benefits by calling only in the presence of an appropriate audience and manage concomitant costs by judicious investment. Possible tactics for controlling costs include facultative variation in call structure and timing, as well as sensitivity to the environmental and social factors that predict personal vulnerability. We examined individual variation in the alarm-calling behaviour of male fowl in naturalistic social groups. Previous studies of cost management have focused on variation at the level of alarm call rate. We took advantage of recent advances in wireless sound recording and remote video monitoring to test for more subtle variation in signal structure and timing. These were then mapped onto individual mating success and moment-to-moment changes in environmental and social context. Results replicate the previous finding that alarm calling is sensitive to both social rank and recent mating success. In addition, we detected systematic variation in call structure as a function of personal vulnerability and proximity to a rival male. The frequency bandwidth of alarms was reliably influenced by degree of vigilance prior to calling, suggesting that this acoustic dimension reflects motivational state. Taken together, these results reveal several novel tactics for risk management, complementing those previously described at the level of gross variation in alarm-calling behaviour.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1571622" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed698721b305ea6e6b3ab001c9195b19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":14091207,"asset_id":1571622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/14091207/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1233492" href="https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith">K-lynn Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1233492" type="text/json">{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1571622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1571622"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1571622, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1571622", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1571622]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1571622").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1571622").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1571622"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2345" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications">Wireless Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2345" type="text/json">{"id":2345,"name":"Wireless Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1571622]'), work: {"id":1571622,"title":"Aerial alarm calling by male fowl (Gallus gallus) reveals subtle new mechanisms of risk management","created_at":"2012-05-18T10:47:49.110-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1571622/Aerial_alarm_calling_by_male_fowl_Gallus_gallus_reveals_subtle_new_mechanisms_of_risk_management?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_1571622","summary":"Alarm calling is a classic problem in evolutionary biology. Although a signaller may increase the likelihood of survival for group members, which typically include kin and mates, there are inherent risks associated with any behaviour that increases conspicuousness to predators. Callers can increase their indirect benefits by calling only in the presence of an appropriate audience and manage concomitant costs by judicious investment. Possible tactics for controlling costs include facultative variation in call structure and timing, as well as sensitivity to the environmental and social factors that predict personal vulnerability. We examined individual variation in the alarm-calling behaviour of male fowl in naturalistic social groups. Previous studies of cost management have focused on variation at the level of alarm call rate. We took advantage of recent advances in wireless sound recording and remote video monitoring to test for more subtle variation in signal structure and timing. These were then mapped onto individual mating success and moment-to-moment changes in environmental and social context. Results replicate the previous finding that alarm calling is sensitive to both social rank and recent mating success. In addition, we detected systematic variation in call structure as a function of personal vulnerability and proximity to a rival male. The frequency bandwidth of alarms was reliably influenced by degree of vigilance prior to calling, suggesting that this acoustic dimension reflects motivational state. Taken together, these results reveal several novel tactics for risk management, complementing those previously described at the level of gross variation in alarm-calling behaviour.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":14091207,"asset_id":1571622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2345,"name":"Wireless Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10303670" data-work_id="10303670" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10303670/%D0%9E%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%92_2_%D1%85_%D1%82_%D0%9C_URSS_2013">От стимула к символу. Сигналы в коммуникации позвоночных. В 2-х т. М.: URSS, 2013.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We investigated features of vertebrates signalization systems evolution. There are two groups of such features for different levels of communicative system progress - motivational signals and referential signals. Demonstrations for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10303670" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We investigated features of vertebrates signalization systems evolution. There are two groups of such features for different levels of communicative system progress - motivational signals and referential signals. Demonstrations for motivational signals (releasers) play a role of motivation level and following animal behavior indicators. Demonstrations for referential signals have an external referent and reflect alternative categories of problem situations, which are generated in interaction. These categories are "names" of different situations and programs to solve them. <br />Motivational signals force something to react as it necessary for next process stage. Referential signals let something to choose its reaction freely. They are arbitrary signs in its structure and function. <br />Ritualisation is an evolutionary process, which turn the individual expressions, provoke with arousal in situation “conflict the interests”, in species-specific signals; their meaning promote the solution all this situations or support more effective actions in solution this conflict in own interests. <br />Contrary opinion classical ethologists it is showed that ritualization process consists in two distinct stages. The first stage is the ritualization in true sense – the transformation individuals expressions, intention movements, and other “demonstration precursor” in complete system of species-specific ritualized demonstrations used in threat, combat, courtship, danger warning and other contexts. The demonstrations are organized in rows and placed along the specific motivational gradients so the different demonstrations this row convey the different level of aggression, alarm, fear, risk, sexuality and other motivational conditions which connect with interactional situations. So appear some systems of motivational signals. The demonstration at this stage in their communicative function are similar with pantomime, not signs – there are signals of motivation lever and intentions the animals, their forms is not stady and vary connecctly with dynamic of motivation conditions a.o. <br />The second stage of ritualization process we can name “signification” because during this on the base of former demonstration row develop the sign system, every demonstration develop into sign, support the information change in interaction this context, old motivational signals develop in referential signals with keeping homologues in signal forms but increasing the stereotypy and differentiation between signals. <br />During the second stage of ritualization faintly differentiated forms of former motivational signals in ancestor species this clade evolved into discrete forms of referential signals in derived species, which are well-differentiate and contrasts with one to another as the logical oppositions. As this process will complete, all demonstrations next stage get true signs, are independent from motivation underground and mark different essential situations, which can appear in interaction the animal with their outer world. On this stage different elements in row of referential signals “name” the different essential elements of animals’ outside in this specific communication process such as counteracting demonstrations of other animal in the threat, combat, territory defence, courtship etc., or different classes of raptors, or different kinds of food. <br />The referential signals as signs of essential communicative situations in animal’s outward are comparable with sign systems in men communication for example the gestures in sign languages. They inform all interaction’s participants about some possibilities in solution the conflict of interests and/or motivation conflict through change the behavior model which will be effective against this opponent but not manipulate its behaviour. In contrary the motivational signals are specific stimulus which manipulate the opponent’s and reduce to react so as in needed on the next stage of behavioral process. <br />Further we investigate the question: what are the role of demonstrations in social interaction of birds before developing their signal functions, on the first stage of ritualization process? We prove that this period the courtship or agonistic demonstrations were used as an specifical barrier prevented immediate rapprochement the participants. Due to ritualized demonstration change they remain from directed aggressive or sexual actions one to each other. The demonstration freeze the rapprochement on the period required from doing the signal and releaser effects of demonstration forms and participants “remove” the motivation conflict create during partner’s act on next stage of process. <br />Without solution the motivational conflict in the “dance” of ritualized demonstration change both participants will be scarred and copulation or other interaction result will fail. For example, in successfully agonistic interaction threat demonstration must inhibit the direct attacking and escaping from participants so that the will be similar the increasing rate of restrain effect by further winner demonstrations and the decreasing rate of resistance possibility by further loser. <br />The role of demonstrations as barrier lightening the motivational conflict in all participant in animal communication is similar of role the ritualized dances in sum men cultures, as was described by Konrad Lorenz still 1950’s.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10303670" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="406fde5ef69b4844045ac772a35ec6eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36378254,"asset_id":10303670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36378254/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10303670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10303670"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10303670, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10303670", }); 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Сигналы в коммуникации позвоночных. В 2-х т. М.: URSS, 2013.","created_at":"2015-01-23T13:43:33.109-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10303670/%D0%9E%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%92_2_%D1%85_%D1%82_%D0%9C_URSS_2013?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_10303670","summary":" We investigated features of vertebrates signalization systems evolution. There are two groups of such features for different levels of communicative system progress - motivational signals and referential signals. Demonstrations for motivational signals (releasers) play a role of motivation level and following animal behavior indicators. Demonstrations for referential signals have an external referent and reflect alternative categories of problem situations, which are generated in interaction. These categories are \"names\" of different situations and programs to solve them.\r\nMotivational signals force something to react as it necessary for next process stage. Referential signals let something to choose its reaction freely. They are arbitrary signs in its structure and function.\r\nRitualisation is an evolutionary process, which turn the individual expressions, provoke with arousal in situation “conflict the interests”, in species-specific signals; their meaning promote the solution all this situations or support more effective actions in solution this conflict in own interests.\r\nContrary opinion classical ethologists it is showed that ritualization process consists in two distinct stages. The first stage is the ritualization in true sense – the transformation individuals expressions, intention movements, and other “demonstration precursor” in complete system of species-specific ritualized demonstrations used in threat, combat, courtship, danger warning and other contexts. The demonstrations are organized in rows and placed along the specific motivational gradients so the different demonstrations this row convey the different level of aggression, alarm, fear, risk, sexuality and other motivational conditions which connect with interactional situations. So appear some systems of motivational signals. The demonstration at this stage in their communicative function are similar with pantomime, not signs – there are signals of motivation lever and intentions the animals, their forms is not stady and vary connecctly with dynamic of motivation conditions a.o.\r\nThe second stage of ritualization process we can name “signification” because during this on the base of former demonstration row develop the sign system, every demonstration develop into sign, support the information change in interaction this context, old motivational signals develop in referential signals with keeping homologues in signal forms but increasing the stereotypy and differentiation between signals. \r\nDuring the second stage of ritualization faintly differentiated forms of former motivational signals in ancestor species this clade evolved into discrete forms of referential signals in derived species, which are well-differentiate and contrasts with one to another as the logical oppositions. As this process will complete, all demonstrations next stage get true signs, are independent from motivation underground and mark different essential situations, which can appear in interaction the animal with their outer world. On this stage different elements in row of referential signals “name” the different essential elements of animals’ outside in this specific communication process such as counteracting demonstrations of other animal in the threat, combat, territory defence, courtship etc., or different classes of raptors, or different kinds of food. \r\nThe referential signals as signs of essential communicative situations in animal’s outward are comparable with sign systems in men communication for example the gestures in sign languages. They inform all interaction’s participants about some possibilities in solution the conflict of interests and/or motivation conflict through change the behavior model which will be effective against this opponent but not manipulate its behaviour. In contrary the motivational signals are specific stimulus which manipulate the opponent’s and reduce to react so as in needed on the next stage of behavioral process.\r\nFurther we investigate the question: what are the role of demonstrations in social interaction of birds before developing their signal functions, on the first stage of ritualization process? We prove that this period the courtship or agonistic demonstrations were used as an specifical barrier prevented immediate rapprochement the participants. Due to ritualized demonstration change they remain from directed aggressive or sexual actions one to each other. The demonstration freeze the rapprochement on the period required from doing the signal and releaser effects of demonstration forms and participants “remove” the motivation conflict create during partner’s act on next stage of process. \r\nWithout solution the motivational conflict in the “dance” of ritualized demonstration change both participants will be scarred and copulation or other interaction result will fail. For example, in successfully agonistic interaction threat demonstration must inhibit the direct attacking and escaping from participants so that the will be similar the increasing rate of restrain effect by further winner demonstrations and the decreasing rate of resistance possibility by further loser.\r\nThe role of demonstrations as barrier lightening the motivational conflict in all participant in animal communication is similar of role the ritualized dances in sum men cultures, as was described by Konrad Lorenz still 1950’s.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36378254,"asset_id":10303670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2069,"name":"Primatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primatology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":11873,"name":"Fish Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Biology?f_ri=124397"},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates?f_ri=124397"},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=124397"},{"id":110819,"name":"Instinct","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instinct?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":151967,"name":"Reptilia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reptilia?f_ri=124397"},{"id":173032,"name":"Glottogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glottogenesis?f_ri=124397"},{"id":239885,"name":"Woodpeckers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woodpeckers?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7495341" data-work_id="7495341" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7495341/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_2008_%D1%81_367_395">Новые представления о сигналах и механизмах коммуникации позвоночных (основания знаковой концепции коммуникации) (2008). с.367-395</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Новые представления о сигналах и механизмах коммуникации позвоночных (основания знаковой концепции коммуникации) (2008). в сборнике "РАЗУМНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ И ЯЗЫК. КОММУНИКАтИВНЫЕ сИстЕМЫ жИВОтНЫх И ЯЗЫК чЕлОВЕКА. ПРОблЕМА ПРОИсхОжДЕНИЯ... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7495341" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Новые представления о сигналах и механизмах коммуникации позвоночных (основания знаковой концепции коммуникации) (2008). <br />в сборнике "РАЗУМНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ И ЯЗЫК. КОММУНИКАтИВНЫЕ сИстЕМЫ жИВОтНЫх И ЯЗЫК чЕлОВЕКА. ПРОблЕМА ПРОИсхОжДЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКА. Выпуск 1. составители: А. Д. Кошелев и Т. В. Черниговская.  с.367-395 <br /> <br />Исследованы закономерности эволюции систем сигнализации позвоночных. Они делятся на две группы, соответствующие разным уровням развития коммуникативной системы: сигналы-стимулы и сигналы-символы. В первом случае демонстрации — это сигналы об уровне мотивации и последующем поведении животного. Во втором — сигналы, имеющие внешнего референта, отражающие альтернативные категории проблемных ситуаций, порождаемых во взаимодействии («имена» дифференцированных ситуаций процесса и программ поведения, разрешающих данную ситуацию). Сигналы-стимулы «принуждают» к реакциям, необходимым на следующей стадии процесса, сигналы-символы оставляют свободу выбора, в структурном и функциональном отношении они представляют собой произвольный знак. Описаны эволюционные преимущества перехода от первых ко вторым в разных филогенетических ветвях и контекстах общения, благодаря чему релизерные системы анцестральных видов превращаются в специализированные системы знаков, поддерживающие информационный обмен в том же самом контексте и при помощи гомологических демонстраций.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7495341" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d43f39fba7dabb2468435e74cabf24e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34065850,"asset_id":7495341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34065850/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7495341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7495341"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7495341, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7495341", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7495341]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7495341").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7495341").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7495341"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7495341]'), work: {"id":7495341,"title":"Новые представления о сигналах и механизмах коммуникации позвоночных (основания знаковой концепции коммуникации) (2008). с.367-395","created_at":"2014-06-29T05:08:55.834-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7495341/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_2008_%D1%81_367_395?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_7495341","summary":"Новые представления о сигналах и механизмах коммуникации позвоночных (основания знаковой концепции коммуникации) (2008).\r\nв сборнике \"РАЗУМНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ И ЯЗЫК. КОММУНИКАтИВНЫЕ сИстЕМЫ жИВОтНЫх И ЯЗЫК чЕлОВЕКА. ПРОблЕМА ПРОИсхОжДЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКА. Выпуск 1. составители: А. Д. Кошелев и Т. В. Черниговская. с.367-395\r\n\r\nИсследованы закономерности эволюции систем сигнализации позвоночных. Они делятся на две группы, соответствующие разным уровням развития коммуникативной системы: сигналы-стимулы и сигналы-символы. В первом случае демонстрации — это сигналы об уровне мотивации и последующем поведении животного. Во втором — сигналы, имеющие внешнего референта, отражающие альтернативные категории проблемных ситуаций, порождаемых во взаимодействии («имена» дифференцированных ситуаций процесса и программ поведения, разрешающих данную ситуацию). Сигналы-стимулы «принуждают» к реакциям, необходимым на следующей стадии процесса, сигналы-символы оставляют свободу выбора, в структурном и функциональном отношении они представляют собой произвольный знак. Описаны эволюционные преимущества перехода от первых ко вторым в разных филогенетических ветвях и контекстах общения, благодаря чему релизерные системы анцестральных видов превращаются в специализированные системы знаков, поддерживающие информационный обмен в том же самом контексте и при помощи гомологических демонстраций.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34065850,"asset_id":7495341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13986007" data-work_id="13986007" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13986007/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_2007">Словарь этологических терминов (краткая версия), 2007</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Фридман В.С.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13986007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a6766e453be6ac30da93595a373aabd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38173267,"asset_id":13986007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38173267/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13986007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13986007"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13986007, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13986007", }); 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This contrasts with a version of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4830890" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper suggests that reference to phenomenal qualities is best understood as involving iconicity, that is, a passage from sign-vehicle to object that exploits a similarity between the two. This contrasts with a version of the ‘phenomenal concept strategy’ that takes indexicality to be central. However, since it is doubtful that phenomenal qualities are capable of causally interacting with anything, indexical reference seems inappropriate. While a theorist like David Papineau is independently coming to something akin to iconicity, I think some of the awkwardness that plagues his account would be remedied by transitioning to a more inclusive philosophy of signs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4830890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4fe8b60193cf144fe5f440123bfccd1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61305621,"asset_id":4830890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61305621/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="90594" href="https://kwantlen.academia.edu/MarcChampagne">Marc Champagne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="90594" type="text/json">{"id":90594,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Champagne","domain_name":"kwantlen","page_name":"MarcChampagne","display_name":"Marc Champagne","profile_url":"https://kwantlen.academia.edu/MarcChampagne?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90594/25175/116736640/s65_marc.champagne.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4830890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4830890"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4830890, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4830890", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals">Mammals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41779" type="text/json">{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9909017]'), work: {"id":9909017,"title":"Используются ли знаки (и символы?) в системах коммуникации позвоночных (2011)","created_at":"2014-12-26T10:58:32.054-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9909017/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_2011_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_9909017","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36064689,"asset_id":9909017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=124397"},{"id":110819,"name":"Instinct","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instinct?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34997733" data-work_id="34997733" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34997733/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_2017_%D1%81_26_32_">Победы и поражения большого пёстрого дятла (2017, с.26-32)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Зимой большие пестрые дятлы образуют плотные поселения, активно конкурируя за участки в их центре, — хотя, казалось бы, шишек с питательными семенами достаточно и за пределами поселения, лес там ничем не хуже. А если и немного хуже,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34997733" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Зимой большие пестрые дятлы образуют плотные поселения, активно конкурируя за участки в их центре, — хотя, казалось бы, шишек с питательными семенами достаточно и за пределами поселения, лес там ничем не хуже. А если и немного хуже, разницу должна окупить экономия ресурсов, которые не придется тратить на выяснение отношений с агрессивными соседями. И все-таки<br />дятлы теснятся. Почему?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34997733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c111a4519850757b4f997e1d251884a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54862198,"asset_id":34997733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54862198/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34997733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34997733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34997733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34997733", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34997733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34997733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34997733"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34997733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34997733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34997733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34997733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34997733").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34997733").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34997733"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2999" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mating_Systems">Mating Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2999" type="text/json">{"id":2999,"name":"Mating Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mating_Systems?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17256" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Ornithology_">Bird (Ornithology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17256" type="text/json">{"id":17256,"name":"Bird (Ornithology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Ornithology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34997733]'), work: {"id":34997733,"title":"Победы и поражения большого пёстрого дятла (2017, с.26-32)","created_at":"2017-10-30T05:21:11.073-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34997733/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_2017_%D1%81_26_32_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_34997733","summary":"Зимой большие пестрые дятлы образуют плотные поселения, активно конкурируя за участки в их центре, — хотя, казалось бы, шишек с питательными семенами достаточно и за пределами поселения, лес там ничем не хуже. А если и немного хуже, разницу должна окупить экономия ресурсов, которые не придется тратить на выяснение отношений с агрессивными соседями. И все-таки\nдятлы теснятся. Почему?\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54862198,"asset_id":34997733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2999,"name":"Mating Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mating_Systems?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":17256,"name":"Bird (Ornithology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Ornithology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":46474,"name":"Territoriality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Territoriality?f_ri=124397"},{"id":110819,"name":"Instinct","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instinct?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":126902,"name":"Courtship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courtship?f_ri=124397"},{"id":239885,"name":"Woodpeckers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woodpeckers?f_ri=124397"},{"id":555282,"name":"Mating Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mating_Behaviour?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24651174" data-work_id="24651174" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24651174/Evidence_of_heterospecific_referential_communication_from_domestic_horses_Equus_caballus_to_humans">Evidence of heterospecific referential communication from domestic horses (Equus caballus) to humans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Referential communication occurs when a sender elaborates its gestures to direct the attention of a recipient to its role in pursuit of the desired goal, e.g. by pointing or showing an object, thereby informing the recipient what it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24651174" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Referential communication occurs when a sender elaborates its gestures to direct the attention of a recipient to its role in pursuit of the desired goal, e.g. by pointing or showing an object, thereby informing the recipient what it wants. If the gesture is successful, the sender and the recipient focus their attention simultaneously on a third entity, the target. Here we investigated the ability of domestic horses (Equus caballus) to communicate referentially with a human observer about the location of a desired target, a bucket of food out of reach. In order to test six operational criteria of referential communication, we manipulated the recipient’s (experimenter) attentional state in four experimental conditions: frontally oriented, backward oriented, walking away from the arena and frontally oriented with other helpers present in the arena. The rate of gaze alternation was higher in the frontally oriented condition than in all the others. The horses appeared to use both indicative (pointing) and non-indicative (nods and shakes) head gestures in the relevant test conditions. Horses also elaborated their communication by switching from a visual to a tactile signal and demonstrated perseverance in their communication. The results of the tests revealed that horses used referential gestures to manipulate the attention of a human recipient so to obtain an unreachable resource. These are the first such findings in an ungulate species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24651174" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="657cd471163dcc4cb28ccf3cdda249b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48385239,"asset_id":24651174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48385239/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71514" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RacheleMalavasi">Rachele Malavasi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71514" type="text/json">{"id":71514,"first_name":"Rachele","last_name":"Malavasi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RacheleMalavasi","display_name":"Rachele Malavasi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RacheleMalavasi?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71514/19885/6807568/s65_rachele.malavasi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24651174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24651174"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24651174, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24651174", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24651174]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24651174").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24651174").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24651174"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1625" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations">Human-Animal Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1625" type="text/json">{"id":1625,"name":"Human-Animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10500" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intentionality">Intentionality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10500" type="text/json">{"id":10500,"name":"Intentionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intentionality?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition">Animal Cognition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11347" type="text/json">{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24651174]'), work: {"id":24651174,"title":"Evidence of heterospecific referential communication from domestic horses (Equus caballus) to humans","created_at":"2016-04-22T00:31:46.804-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24651174/Evidence_of_heterospecific_referential_communication_from_domestic_horses_Equus_caballus_to_humans?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_24651174","summary":"Referential communication occurs when a sender elaborates its gestures to direct the attention of a recipient to its role in pursuit of the desired goal, e.g. by pointing or showing an object, thereby informing the recipient what it wants. If the gesture is successful, the sender and the recipient focus their attention simultaneously on a third entity, the target. Here we investigated the ability of domestic horses (Equus caballus) to communicate referentially with a human observer about the location of a desired target, a bucket of food out of reach. In order to test six operational criteria of referential communication, we manipulated the recipient’s (experimenter) attentional state in four experimental conditions: frontally oriented, backward oriented, walking away from the arena and frontally oriented with other helpers present in the arena. The rate of gaze alternation was higher in the frontally oriented condition than in all the others. The horses appeared to use both indicative (pointing) and non-indicative (nods and shakes) head gestures in the relevant test conditions. Horses also elaborated their communication by switching from a visual to a tactile signal and demonstrated perseverance in their communication. The results of the tests revealed that horses used referential gestures to manipulate the attention of a human recipient so to obtain an unreachable resource. These are the first such findings in an ungulate species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48385239,"asset_id":24651174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71514,"first_name":"Rachele","last_name":"Malavasi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RacheleMalavasi","display_name":"Rachele Malavasi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RacheleMalavasi?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71514/19885/6807568/s65_rachele.malavasi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1625,"name":"Human-Animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":10500,"name":"Intentionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intentionality?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22164,"name":"Interspecies Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interspecies_Communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":22415,"name":"Human-Animal Relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relationships?f_ri=124397"},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397"},{"id":26812,"name":"Human-Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Studies?f_ri=124397"},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":39074,"name":"Animal-Human Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal-Human_Interaction?f_ri=124397"},{"id":62760,"name":"Zooanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooanthropology?f_ri=124397"},{"id":121296,"name":"Ungulates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ungulates?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=124397"},{"id":254685,"name":"Horse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse?f_ri=124397"},{"id":445120,"name":"Horse Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_Behavior?f_ri=124397"},{"id":689821,"name":"Equitation Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equitation_Science?f_ri=124397"},{"id":774380,"name":"Cognition and communication in human and nonhuman animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_and_communication_in_human_and_nonhuman_animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":951625,"name":"Social Cognition In Humans and Non human Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition_In_Humans_and_Non_human_Animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":958009,"name":"Intentional Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intentional_Communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":2468315,"name":"Horse Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_Behaviour?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5954060" data-work_id="5954060" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5954060/Male_blue_monkey_alarm_calls_encode_predator_type_and_distance">Male blue monkey alarm calls encode predator type and distance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Keywords: alarm call blue monkey Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmani conspecific warning predator deterrence primate referential communication vocalization</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5954060" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68d925bcfe6bd6a41d642efa72ff8a1d" rel="nofollow" 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});</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5954060").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5954060"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5954060]'), work: {"id":5954060,"title":"Male blue monkey alarm calls encode predator type and distance","created_at":"2014-02-04T21:39:38.907-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5954060/Male_blue_monkey_alarm_calls_encode_predator_type_and_distance?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_5954060","summary":"Keywords: alarm call blue monkey Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmani conspecific warning predator deterrence primate referential communication vocalization","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32920237,"asset_id":5954060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2151246,"first_name":"Derek","last_name":"Murphy","domain_name":"aberdeen","page_name":"DerekMurphy","display_name":"Derek Murphy","profile_url":"https://aberdeen.academia.edu/DerekMurphy?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2151246/695805/3404964/s65_derek.murphy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":20704,"name":"Primate Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Ecology?f_ri=124397"},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates?f_ri=124397"},{"id":86675,"name":"Primate Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":171250,"name":"Primate Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Behavior?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3787557" data-work_id="3787557" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3787557/The_Instinctual_Art_of_Persuasion">The (Instinctual) Art of Persuasion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Argues for the study of human and nonhuman animal rhetorics under a biocultural paradigm.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3787557" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65d383a7054add2c2a89393129e11718" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34095765,"asset_id":3787557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34095765/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195208" href="https://jmu.academia.edu/AlexCParrish">Alex C Parrish</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195208" type="text/json">{"id":195208,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Parrish","domain_name":"jmu","page_name":"AlexCParrish","display_name":"Alex C Parrish","profile_url":"https://jmu.academia.edu/AlexCParrish?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195208/46619/209404/s65_alex_c..parrish.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3787557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3787557"><i 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The clash of opposite animal communication concepts. V.S.Friedmann. К агонистическим столкновениям концепций коммуникации In this article I answer to E.N.Panov's criticism to our “sign” animal communication concept. I... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6412441" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Summary. The clash of opposite animal communication concepts. V.S.Friedmann. <br />К агонистическим столкновениям концепций коммуникации <br />In this article I answer to E.N.Panov's criticism to our “sign” animal communication concept. I substantiate that this criticism is inadequate since: <br />1) it accepts out-of-date data (1970-1980th years) about pattern & processes of vertebrate communication, about animals signals function and evolution and so on. <br />2) it ignores all interesting recent data, especially about functionally referential communication and its evolution from motivational signals to referential signals in certain phylogenetic branches. In contrary of Panov’s opinion, that is a main trend in evolution of signaling in vertebrates. <br />3) it proceeds from his very narrow and limited stochastic concept of animal communication. It is based on extremely paradoxical assumption that specific results of communication are achieved with unspecific means because of the growth of the arousal level in both partners with the method of "trials and errors" usage. This concept is applicable only for very limited number of cases by birds & other vertebrate communications. <br />We showed that in vast majority cases the specific results of communication are achieved with specific means only. The last are subdivided to stimuli and signs; for vertebrate communication systems the motivation signals represents stimuli and referential signals - signs. In all these cases, when ritualized demonstrations are used specifically, Panov's concept is not only inapplicable, but dangerous for further progress of our knowledge about communication and next development of ethological communication concept. It does not allow to detect a specificity of signal action, or a semantic code, or to single out a meaningful invariant of the forms by species-specific ritualized displays even if animals themselves can and do it with the course of their signals production, perception and responding. Thus, the erroneous conceptions about organization principles in communicative systems of most species of vertebrates impede reconstruction of signal system of species even if this reconstruction is feasible and easy. <br />We state briefly the foundations of our sign communication concept, that is opposed to Panov’s concept. It “restores to the increased basis” the releaser communication concept suggested by Julian Hexley and Konrad Lorenz. Also, it brings this conception in line with new information of 1990-2000 that was obtained on the basis of cost-benefit analysis by sociobiology on the one hand, and the modern investigation the functionally referential signal in vertebrates - on the other. <br />We showed that dance and money metaphors are effective to understand the semantics of vertebrate ritualized demonstrations and their modes of functioning as signals in the course of communication in vertebrate populations. We give proofs that meaning in communication system of signals conveyed with demonstrations is universal equivalent of  quality of individual’s competitive efforts, that individual expends during the competition in favor of the social resource (better territory among all territories in this deme, or better mates among potential mate for this individual).  Animal ritualized displays, in terms of performance gestures, match exactly people’s dance movements. The species-specific displays (calls, postures, etc.) as dance movements, establish a definite correspondence between a behaviour and an "idea", as reflected in the value of the signal for passing and receiving individuals (as Lorenz told in 1952 year article). <br /> <br />Резюме. К «агонистическим столкновениям» концепций коммуникации. В.С.Фридман. <br />Дан ответ на критику Е.Н.Пановым развиваемой нами знаковой концепции коммуникации. Показано, что данная критика неадекватна, поскольку: <br />1) ориентируется на устарелые данные о сигналах и механизмах коммуникации позвоночных, полученные в 1970-1980-х гг. <br />2) игнорирует все наиболее новые и интересные данные последних лет, в особенно по функционально референтным сигналам и их эволюции в конкретных филогенетических ветвях; <br />3) исходит из крайне узкой и ограниченной вероятностно-статистической концепции коммуникации, которая базируется на парадоксальном утверждении, что специфические результаты коммуникации достигаются неспецифическими средствами, за счёт подъёма уровня возбуждения участников, позволяющего достигать результата "методом проб и ошибок". Она применима лишь к очень ограниченному кругу случаев коммуникации у птиц и других позвоночных. <br />Показано, что в подавляющем большинстве случаев мы видим иное - специфические результаты коммуникации достигаются специфическими средствами. Последние в функциональном отношении уже подразделяются на стимулы и знаки; среди систем сигнализации позвоночных первые представлены сигналами-стимулами, вторые - сигналами-символами. Во всех этих случаях, когда ритуализированные демонстрации используются во взаимодействиях специфически, концепция Е.Н.Панова не только неприменима, но и опасна. Она не позволяет обнаружить специфичность действия сигналов, семантическое кодирование, выделить значимый инвариант формы демонстрации и т.п. даже там, где это возможно и осуществляется самими животными в ходе продуцирования, восприятия и отреагирования сигналов. Таким образом, неверные предположения о "конструкции" коммуникативных систем большинства видов позвоночных препятствуют реконструкции сигнальной системы вида даже там, где это возможно и легко. <br />Кратко излагаются основания авторской знаковой концепции коммуникации, противостоящей концепции Панова. Она восстанавливает на повышенном основании концепции коммуникации классических этологов, приводит её в соответствии с новыми данными 1990-2000 гг., полученных на основании социобиологического анализа платы и выигрыша демонстрирования с одной стороны, функционально референтных сигналов - с другой. <br />Показана продуктивность использования метафор танца и денег для понимания семантики ритуализированных демонстраций позвоночных и способов их функционирования как сигналов в процессе коммуникации в сообществе животных. Обосновывается, что с точки зрения "значения" в коммуникативной системе сигналы, передаваемые демонстрациями, есть "всеобщий эквивалент" качества конкурентных усилий особи, затрачиваемых ею в конкуренции с другими за данный социальный ресурс (лучшую территорию в группировке, "лучшего" брачного партнёра и т.п.). С точки зрения исполнения телодвижений демонстрации точно соответствуют танцевальным движениям людей, как и последние устанавливают определённое соответствие между поведением и "идеей", отражённой в значении сигнала для продуцирующей и воспринимающей особи, как это предполагал Лоренц в работе 1952 г.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6412441" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b88eb0982ed5524189114e7d3558c3f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33218323,"asset_id":6412441,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33218323/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6412441 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6412441"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6412441, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6412441", }); 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The clash of opposite animal communication concepts. V.S.Friedmann. \r\nК агонистическим столкновениям концепций коммуникации\r\nIn this article I answer to E.N.Panov's criticism to our “sign” animal communication concept. I substantiate that this criticism is inadequate since:\r\n1) it accepts out-of-date data (1970-1980th years) about pattern \u0026 processes of vertebrate communication, about animals signals function and evolution and so on.\r\n2) it ignores all interesting recent data, especially about functionally referential communication and its evolution from motivational signals to referential signals in certain phylogenetic branches. In contrary of Panov’s opinion, that is a main trend in evolution of signaling in vertebrates.\r\n3) it proceeds from his very narrow and limited stochastic concept of animal communication. It is based on extremely paradoxical assumption that specific results of communication are achieved with unspecific means because of the growth of the arousal level in both partners with the method of \"trials and errors\" usage. This concept is applicable only for very limited number of cases by birds \u0026 other vertebrate communications.\r\nWe showed that in vast majority cases the specific results of communication are achieved with specific means only. The last are subdivided to stimuli and signs; for vertebrate communication systems the motivation signals represents stimuli and referential signals - signs. In all these cases, when ritualized demonstrations are used specifically, Panov's concept is not only inapplicable, but dangerous for further progress of our knowledge about communication and next development of ethological communication concept. It does not allow to detect a specificity of signal action, or a semantic code, or to single out a meaningful invariant of the forms by species-specific ritualized displays even if animals themselves can and do it with the course of their signals production, perception and responding. Thus, the erroneous conceptions about organization principles in communicative systems of most species of vertebrates impede reconstruction of signal system of species even if this reconstruction is feasible and easy.\r\nWe state briefly the foundations of our sign communication concept, that is opposed to Panov’s concept. It “restores to the increased basis” the releaser communication concept suggested by Julian Hexley and Konrad Lorenz. Also, it brings this conception in line with new information of 1990-2000 that was obtained on the basis of cost-benefit analysis by sociobiology on the one hand, and the modern investigation the functionally referential signal in vertebrates - on the other. \r\nWe showed that dance and money metaphors are effective to understand the semantics of vertebrate ritualized demonstrations and their modes of functioning as signals in the course of communication in vertebrate populations. We give proofs that meaning in communication system of signals conveyed with demonstrations is universal equivalent of quality of individual’s competitive efforts, that individual expends during the competition in favor of the social resource (better territory among all territories in this deme, or better mates among potential mate for this individual). Animal ritualized displays, in terms of performance gestures, match exactly people’s dance movements. The species-specific displays (calls, postures, etc.) as dance movements, establish a definite correspondence between a behaviour and an \"idea\", as reflected in the value of the signal for passing and receiving individuals (as Lorenz told in 1952 year article).\r\n\r\nРезюме. К «агонистическим столкновениям» концепций коммуникации. В.С.Фридман.\r\nДан ответ на критику Е.Н.Пановым развиваемой нами знаковой концепции коммуникации. Показано, что данная критика неадекватна, поскольку:\r\n1) ориентируется на устарелые данные о сигналах и механизмах коммуникации позвоночных, полученные в 1970-1980-х гг.\r\n2) игнорирует все наиболее новые и интересные данные последних лет, в особенно по функционально референтным сигналам и их эволюции в конкретных филогенетических ветвях;\r\n3) исходит из крайне узкой и ограниченной вероятностно-статистической концепции коммуникации, которая базируется на парадоксальном утверждении, что специфические результаты коммуникации достигаются неспецифическими средствами, за счёт подъёма уровня возбуждения участников, позволяющего достигать результата \"методом проб и ошибок\". Она применима лишь к очень ограниченному кругу случаев коммуникации у птиц и других позвоночных. \r\nПоказано, что в подавляющем большинстве случаев мы видим иное - специфические результаты коммуникации достигаются специфическими средствами. Последние в функциональном отношении уже подразделяются на стимулы и знаки; среди систем сигнализации позвоночных первые представлены сигналами-стимулами, вторые - сигналами-символами. Во всех этих случаях, когда ритуализированные демонстрации используются во взаимодействиях специфически, концепция Е.Н.Панова не только неприменима, но и опасна. Она не позволяет обнаружить специфичность действия сигналов, семантическое кодирование, выделить значимый инвариант формы демонстрации и т.п. даже там, где это возможно и осуществляется самими животными в ходе продуцирования, восприятия и отреагирования сигналов. Таким образом, неверные предположения о \"конструкции\" коммуникативных систем большинства видов позвоночных препятствуют реконструкции сигнальной системы вида даже там, где это возможно и легко. \r\nКратко излагаются основания авторской знаковой концепции коммуникации, противостоящей концепции Панова. Она восстанавливает на повышенном основании концепции коммуникации классических этологов, приводит её в соответствии с новыми данными 1990-2000 гг., полученных на основании социобиологического анализа платы и выигрыша демонстрирования с одной стороны, функционально референтных сигналов - с другой. \r\nПоказана продуктивность использования метафор танца и денег для понимания семантики ритуализированных демонстраций позвоночных и способов их функционирования как сигналов в процессе коммуникации в сообществе животных. Обосновывается, что с точки зрения \"значения\" в коммуникативной системе сигналы, передаваемые демонстрациями, есть \"всеобщий эквивалент\" качества конкурентных усилий особи, затрачиваемых ею в конкуренции с другими за данный социальный ресурс (лучшую территорию в группировке, \"лучшего\" брачного партнёра и т.п.). С точки зрения исполнения телодвижений демонстрации точно соответствуют танцевальным движениям людей, как и последние устанавливают определённое соответствие между поведением и \"идеей\", отражённой в значении сигнала для продуцирующей и воспринимающей особи, как это предполагал Лоренц в работе 1952 г.\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33218323,"asset_id":6412441,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":122109,"name":"Communicaton Theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicaton_Theories?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":328999,"name":"Animal Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42861142" data-work_id="42861142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42861142/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_2020_">Зачем большим пёстрым дятлам всю зиму охранять территории? (2020)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">По завершению послегнездовых перемещений, в августе-сентябре, большие пёстрые дятлы занимают территории в плотных поселениях, и дальше охраняют их всё осень и зиму — крайне активно и жёстко. Именно в плотные поселения они стремятся в... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42861142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">По завершению послегнездовых перемещений, в августе-сентябре, большие пёстрые дятлы занимают территории в плотных поселениях, и дальше охраняют их всё осень и зиму — крайне активно и жёстко. Именно в плотные поселения они стремятся в первую очередь, хотя там и занять, и удержать территорию гораздо труднее, и лишь потеряв её из-за неуспешной охраны, они «скатываются» в более разреженные поселения, т.е. плотные выступают «регуляторами-распределителями» населения вида между поселениями разной плотности и устойчивости так, что в них концентрируются «лучшие» особи в плане территориальной агрессии. Обсуждается адаптивный смысл затрат владельцев на разные формы территориального поведения в течение всей осени и зимы, поскольку они а) довольно значительны и б) не «сокращаются» даже в периоды сильных морозов,. Показывается, что здесь неприложимы объяснения, связанные с немедленным выигрышем, т.е. монополизацией запасов семян, которыми птицы кормятся, или же «содержащего» их пространства.<br /><br />Все территории владельцев в плотных поселениях содержат заведомый избыток корма, при невозможности его обеспечить, из-за неурожая или равным образом из-за поражений в конфликтах, сокращающих охраняемое пространство, группировки просто не возникают (а территории оставляются птицами ещё до истощения шишки).<br /><br />Проверена и подтвердилась гипотеза, что долговременная и жёсткая охрана территорий в плотных поселениях D.major преследует долговременный выигрыш в виде сильного сокращения период поиска партнёра и более ранних сроков образования пар весной, после нескольких месяцев постоянных попыток владельцев переделить в свою пользу охраняемое пространство группировки. Последнее ведёт к социальной дифференциации — статусов, моделей поведения и внутренней структуры территорий владельцев, описанной в работе. И именно в плотных поселениях максимально сокращены начальные этапы образования пар, у больших пёстрых дятлов наиболее длительные и затруднённые из-за высокого риска срыва начавшегося ухаживания территориальной агрессией, т.к. сосед противоположного пола при подобных сближения воспринимается также как потенциальный захватчик. Показано уменьшение этого риска благодаря социальной дифференциации, происходящей именно в плотных поселениях на протяжении всей осени и зимы. Весной, в феврале-марте, сближение и попытки ухаживания птиц близких статусов вызывает гораздо меньше агрессии и позволяет гораздо быстрее образовать пару, чем в разреженных, где весеннее возбуждение началось в те же сроки. Иными словами, «выигрыш» от территориальной активности в течение осени и зимы реализуется только весной.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42861142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f94a416f6a3b59646e1f6030e8e7e83f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63099793,"asset_id":42861142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63099793/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42861142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42861142"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42861142, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42861142", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42861142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42861142").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42861142").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42861142"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4316" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4316" type="text/json">{"id":4316,"name":"Sociobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17256" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Ornithology_">Bird (Ornithology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17256" type="text/json">{"id":17256,"name":"Bird (Ornithology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Ornithology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42861142]'), work: {"id":42861142,"title":"Зачем большим пёстрым дятлам всю зиму охранять территории? (2020)","created_at":"2020-04-26T13:46:58.755-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42861142/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_2020_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_42861142","summary":"По завершению послегнездовых перемещений, в августе-сентябре, большие пёстрые дятлы занимают территории в плотных поселениях, и дальше охраняют их всё осень и зиму — крайне активно и жёстко. Именно в плотные поселения они стремятся в первую очередь, хотя там и занять, и удержать территорию гораздо труднее, и лишь потеряв её из-за неуспешной охраны, они «скатываются» в более разреженные поселения, т.е. плотные выступают «регуляторами-распределителями» населения вида между поселениями разной плотности и устойчивости так, что в них концентрируются «лучшие» особи в плане территориальной агрессии. Обсуждается адаптивный смысл затрат владельцев на разные формы территориального поведения в течение всей осени и зимы, поскольку они а) довольно значительны и б) не «сокращаются» даже в периоды сильных морозов,. Показывается, что здесь неприложимы объяснения, связанные с немедленным выигрышем, т.е. монополизацией запасов семян, которыми птицы кормятся, или же «содержащего» их пространства.\n\nВсе территории владельцев в плотных поселениях содержат заведомый избыток корма, при невозможности его обеспечить, из-за неурожая или равным образом из-за поражений в конфликтах, сокращающих охраняемое пространство, группировки просто не возникают (а территории оставляются птицами ещё до истощения шишки).\n\nПроверена и подтвердилась гипотеза, что долговременная и жёсткая охрана территорий в плотных поселениях D.major преследует долговременный выигрыш в виде сильного сокращения период поиска партнёра и более ранних сроков образования пар весной, после нескольких месяцев постоянных попыток владельцев переделить в свою пользу охраняемое пространство группировки. Последнее ведёт к социальной дифференциации — статусов, моделей поведения и внутренней структуры территорий владельцев, описанной в работе. И именно в плотных поселениях максимально сокращены начальные этапы образования пар, у больших пёстрых дятлов наиболее длительные и затруднённые из-за высокого риска срыва начавшегося ухаживания территориальной агрессией, т.к. сосед противоположного пола при подобных сближения воспринимается также как потенциальный захватчик. Показано уменьшение этого риска благодаря социальной дифференциации, происходящей именно в плотных поселениях на протяжении всей осени и зимы. Весной, в феврале-марте, сближение и попытки ухаживания птиц близких статусов вызывает гораздо меньше агрессии и позволяет гораздо быстрее образовать пару, чем в разреженных, где весеннее возбуждение началось в те же сроки. Иными словами, «выигрыш» от территориальной активности в течение осени и зимы реализуется только весной.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63099793,"asset_id":42861142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":4316,"name":"Sociobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":17256,"name":"Bird (Ornithology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Ornithology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":46474,"name":"Territoriality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Territoriality?f_ri=124397"},{"id":101144,"name":"Optimal Foraging Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimal_Foraging_Theory?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":126902,"name":"Courtship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courtship?f_ri=124397"},{"id":239885,"name":"Woodpeckers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woodpeckers?f_ri=124397"},{"id":555282,"name":"Mating Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mating_Behaviour?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28868689 coauthored" data-work_id="28868689" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28868689/Intentionality_and_flexibility_in_animal_communication_In_Andrews_and_Beck_eds_Routledge_Handbook_for_the_Philosophy_of_Animal_Minds">Intentionality and flexibility in animal communication, In: Andrews & Beck (eds.) Routledge Handbook for the Philosophy of Animal Minds.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The question of whether nonhuman animals participate in intentional communication has become central in the comparative research on animal communication: How can intentional communication be determined; what framework or which criteria... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28868689" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The question of whether nonhuman animals participate in intentional communication has become central in the comparative research on animal communication: How can intentional communication be determined; what framework or which criteria should be applied in order to do so? Current research has focused on the signaller displaying intentional behaviour (Townsend et al. 2016) mostly by applying the features of the concept of intentional signals (Call & Tomasello 2007; Liebal et al. 2014). However, a drawback of these methodologies is that they introduce false positives:  for instance, the criteria applied fail to exclude instances in which the recipient merely takes into account external evidence to decide how to react after signal production. Here, we will show that current empirical evidence may pick out a signaller’s informative and communicative intention, and a recipient’s ability to understand the signal’s meaning linked to the signaller’s intentions, only if researchers adopt a Neo-gricean definition of intentional communication that views communication as fundamentally inferential. However, we will argue that adopting such an approach happens mainly for reasons of methodological access to intentional communication in animals and does not exclude calling out to non-inferential accounts of communication such as the one developed by Millikan (2005). Based on Millikan’s insight that signallers and recipients always constitute together a communicative interaction, we illustrate here with two examples of animal communication in apes (Cartmill & Byrne 2007) and corvids, (Pika & Bugnyar 2011) and two systematic approaches (Hobaiter & Byrne 2014; Rossano 2013) how the Neo-gricean framework can be enriched by focusing on the notion of flexible interaction between signallers and recipients to analyze animal communication.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28868689" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae5ef245e9fbc4ac273497d9c64f5460" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49295467,"asset_id":28868689,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49295467/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5846852" href="https://unine.academia.edu/ChristineSievers">Christine Sievers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5846852" type="text/json">{"id":5846852,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Sievers","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"ChristineSievers","display_name":"Christine Sievers","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/ChristineSievers?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5846852/2507266/10539613/s65_christine.sievers.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28868689">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28868689"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unibas.academia.edu/MarkusWild">Markus Wild</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28868689'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28868689').html(); 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Routledge Handbook for the Philosophy of Animal Minds.","created_at":"2016-10-02T10:51:17.838-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28868689/Intentionality_and_flexibility_in_animal_communication_In_Andrews_and_Beck_eds_Routledge_Handbook_for_the_Philosophy_of_Animal_Minds?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_28868689","summary":"The question of whether nonhuman animals participate in intentional communication has become central in the comparative research on animal communication: How can intentional communication be determined; what framework or which criteria should be applied in order to do so? Current research has focused on the signaller displaying intentional behaviour (Townsend et al. 2016) mostly by applying the features of the concept of intentional signals (Call \u0026 Tomasello 2007; Liebal et al. 2014). However, a drawback of these methodologies is that they introduce false positives: for instance, the criteria applied fail to exclude instances in which the recipient merely takes into account external evidence to decide how to react after signal production. Here, we will show that current empirical evidence may pick out a signaller’s informative and communicative intention, and a recipient’s ability to understand the signal’s meaning linked to the signaller’s intentions, only if researchers adopt a Neo-gricean definition of intentional communication that views communication as fundamentally inferential. However, we will argue that adopting such an approach happens mainly for reasons of methodological access to intentional communication in animals and does not exclude calling out to non-inferential accounts of communication such as the one developed by Millikan (2005). Based on Millikan’s insight that signallers and recipients always constitute together a communicative interaction, we illustrate here with two examples of animal communication in apes (Cartmill \u0026 Byrne 2007) and corvids, (Pika \u0026 Bugnyar 2011) and two systematic approaches (Hobaiter \u0026 Byrne 2014; Rossano 2013) how the Neo-gricean framework can be enriched by focusing on the notion of flexible interaction between signallers and recipients to analyze animal communication.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49295467,"asset_id":28868689,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5846852,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Sievers","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"ChristineSievers","display_name":"Christine Sievers","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/ChristineSievers?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5846852/2507266/10539613/s65_christine.sievers.jpg"},{"id":1672841,"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Wild","domain_name":"unibas","page_name":"MarkusWild","display_name":"Markus Wild","profile_url":"https://unibas.academia.edu/MarkusWild?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1672841/579692/16779993/s65_markus.wild.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":86675,"name":"Primate Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":131471,"name":"Ruth Millikan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ruth_Millikan?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":774380,"name":"Cognition and communication in human and nonhuman animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_and_communication_in_human_and_nonhuman_animals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21423235" data-work_id="21423235" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21423235/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85">Используются ли "понятия" в коммуникации животных?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21423235" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea0844508f1e3e9910aee47570ddf7df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41865410,"asset_id":21423235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals">Mammals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41779" type="text/json">{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21423235]'), work: {"id":21423235,"title":"Используются ли \"понятия\" в коммуникации 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Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":334313,"name":"Instinct Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instinct_Theory?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4958220" data-work_id="4958220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4958220/Adaptive_Rhetoric_Evolution_Culture_and_the_Art_of_Persuasion_Routledge_2013">Adaptive Rhetoric : Evolution, Culture, and the Art of Persuasion. Routledge, 2013.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rhetorical scholarship has for decades relied solely on culture to explain persuasive behavior. While this focus allows for deep explorations of historical circumstance, it neglects the powerful effects of biology on rhetorical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4958220" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rhetorical scholarship has for decades relied solely on culture to explain persuasive behavior. While this focus allows for deep explorations of historical circumstance, it neglects the powerful effects of biology on rhetorical behavior – how our bodies and brains help shape and constrain rhetorical acts. Not only is the cultural model incomplete, but it tacitly endorses the fallacy of human exceptionalism. By introducing evolutionary biology into the study of rhetoric, this book serves as a model of a biocultural paradigm. Being mindful of biological and cultural influences allows for a deeper view of rhetoric, one that is aware of the ubiquity of persuasive behavior in nature. Human and nonhuman animals, and even some plants, persuade to survive - to live, love, and cooperate. That this broad spectrum of rhetorical behavior exists in the animal world demonstrates how much we can learn from evolutionary biology. By incorporating scholarship on animal signaling into the study of rhetoric, the author explores how communication has evolved, and how numerous different species of animals employ similar persuasive tactics in order to overcome similar problems. This cross-species study of rhetoric allows us to trace the origins of our own persuasive behaviors, providing us with a deeper history of rhetoric that transcends the written and the televised, and reveals the artifacts of our communicative past.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4958220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="097e4111e29a2ff8e54812935d376d64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32210571,"asset_id":4958220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32210571/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195208" href="https://jmu.academia.edu/AlexCParrish">Alex C Parrish</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195208" type="text/json">{"id":195208,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Parrish","domain_name":"jmu","page_name":"AlexCParrish","display_name":"Alex C Parrish","profile_url":"https://jmu.academia.edu/AlexCParrish?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195208/46619/209404/s65_alex_c..parrish.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4958220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4958220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4958220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4958220", }); 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Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Animal_Studies?f_ri=124397"},{"id":999017,"name":"Ecocriticism and Critical Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecocriticism_and_Critical_Animal_Studies?f_ri=124397"},{"id":1148011,"name":"Classical Rhetorical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Rhetorical_Theory?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8963975" data-work_id="8963975" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8963975/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_2014_">Расшифровка "языка животных". Вступление (2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ещё про расшифровку «языка животных». Вступление. Я писал, что не только человек "символическое животное" (Э.Кассирер), в своей узкой сфере социальной коммуникации животные "символичны" не менее нас. У нас это проявляется в том, что... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8963975" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ещё про расшифровку «языка животных». Вступление. Я писал, что не только человек "символическое животное" (Э.Кассирер), в своей узкой сфере социальной коммуникации животные "символичны" не менее нас. У нас это проявляется в том, что человек управляем словом сильней, чем непосредственной стимуляцией, индивидуальная душа и душевная жизнь формируются не "изнутри" а "снаружи", через интериоризацию внешних социальных отношений (практик взаимодействия с родителями и другими субъектами окружения в детстве), как мы загружаем программу.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8963975" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df0c01de75817c02ecb5a533dec5ecfd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35281084,"asset_id":8963975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35281084/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8963975 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8963975"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8963975, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8963975", }); 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Вступление (2014)","created_at":"2014-10-26T01:06:59.034-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8963975/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_2014_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_8963975","summary":"Ещё про расшифровку «языка животных». Вступление. Я писал, что не только человек \"символическое животное\" (Э.Кассирер), в своей узкой сфере социальной коммуникации животные \"символичны\" не менее нас. У нас это проявляется в том, что человек управляем словом сильней, чем непосредственной стимуляцией, индивидуальная душа и душевная жизнь формируются не \"изнутри\" а \"снаружи\", через интериоризацию внешних социальных отношений (практик взаимодействия с родителями и другими субъектами окружения в детстве), как мы загружаем программу.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35281084,"asset_id":8963975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":239885,"name":"Woodpeckers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woodpeckers?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7361333" data-work_id="7361333" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7361333/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_2008_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%A1_%D0%90_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_">Обезьяны "говорящие" или только "думающие"? (2008; в соавторстве с С.А.Бурлак)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7361333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="01ef8ba68631611b8799ae009b4bfdcc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33959106,"asset_id":7361333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33959106/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7361333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7361333"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7361333, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7361333", }); 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Because of its broad scope and space limitations, I prescind from detailed arguments and instead intuitively motivate the general points which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39705169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay ties together some main strands of my research spanning the last quarter-century. Because of its broad scope and space limitations, I prescind from detailed arguments and instead intuitively motivate the general points which are supported more fully in other publications to which I provide references. After an initial delineation of several distinct notions of meaning (Section I), I consider (Section II) such a notion deriving from the evolutionary biology of communication that I term 'organic meaning', and place it in the context of evolutionary game theory. That provides a framework for a special type of organic meaning found in the phenomenon of expression (III), of which I here offer an updated characterization while highlighting its wide philosophical interest. Expression in turn generalizes to a paradigmatic form of human communication-conversation-and section IV provides a taxonomy of conversation-types while arguing that attention to such types helps to sharpen predictions of what speakers say rather than conversationally implicate. We close (V) with a view of fictional discourse on which authors of fictional works are engaged in conversation with their readers, and can provide them with knowledge in spite of the fictional character of their conversation. Such knowledge includes knowledge of how an emotion feels and is thus a route to empathy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39705169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e8cc7d5a76f37a5ccd01a14de147cc9c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66011037,"asset_id":39705169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66011037/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33347" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/MitchGreen">Mitch Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33347" type="text/json">{"id":33347,"first_name":"Mitch","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"MitchGreen","display_name":"Mitch Green","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/MitchGreen?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33347/81935/15769381/s65_mitch.green.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39705169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39705169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39705169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39705169", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39705169]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39705169").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39705169").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39705169"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20713" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norms_of_assertion">Norms of assertion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20713" type="text/json">{"id":20713,"name":"Norms of assertion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norms_of_assertion?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21269" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression">Facial expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21269" type="text/json">{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28680" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Act_Theory">Speech Act Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28680" type="text/json">{"id":28680,"name":"Speech Act Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Act_Theory?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35332" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empathy_Philosophy_">Empathy (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35332" type="text/json">{"id":35332,"name":"Empathy (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empathy_Philosophy_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39705169]'), work: {"id":39705169,"title":"From Signaling and Expression to Conversation and Fiction","created_at":"2019-06-26T19:59:25.773-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39705169/From_Signaling_and_Expression_to_Conversation_and_Fiction?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_39705169","summary":"This essay ties together some main strands of my research spanning the last quarter-century. Because of its broad scope and space limitations, I prescind from detailed arguments and instead intuitively motivate the general points which are supported more fully in other publications to which I provide references. After an initial delineation of several distinct notions of meaning (Section I), I consider (Section II) such a notion deriving from the evolutionary biology of communication that I term 'organic meaning', and place it in the context of evolutionary game theory. That provides a framework for a special type of organic meaning found in the phenomenon of expression (III), of which I here offer an updated characterization while highlighting its wide philosophical interest. Expression in turn generalizes to a paradigmatic form of human communication-conversation-and section IV provides a taxonomy of conversation-types while arguing that attention to such types helps to sharpen predictions of what speakers say rather than conversationally implicate. We close (V) with a view of fictional discourse on which authors of fictional works are engaged in conversation with their readers, and can provide them with knowledge in spite of the fictional character of their conversation. Such knowledge includes knowledge of how an emotion feels and is thus a route to empathy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66011037,"asset_id":39705169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33347,"first_name":"Mitch","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"MitchGreen","display_name":"Mitch Green","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/MitchGreen?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33347/81935/15769381/s65_mitch.green.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20713,"name":"Norms of assertion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norms_of_assertion?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28680,"name":"Speech Act Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Act_Theory?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":35332,"name":"Empathy (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empathy_Philosophy_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":38084,"name":"Assertion (and other linguistic actions)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assertion_and_other_linguistic_actions_?f_ri=124397"},{"id":44848,"name":"Verbal Irony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Verbal_Irony?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":187987,"name":"Conversational Implicatures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conversational_Implicatures?f_ri=124397"},{"id":952850,"name":"Conversational Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conversational_Dynamics?f_ri=124397"},{"id":2780250,"name":"direct perception of other minds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/direct_perception_of_other_minds?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11616839" data-work_id="11616839" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11616839/El_impacto_de_los_peces_invasores_sobre_la_comunicaci%C3%B3n_entre_los_sexos_Una_posible_v%C3%ADa_hacia_la_extinci%C3%B3n_Una_revisi%C3%B3n">El impacto de los peces invasores sobre la comunicación entre los sexos ¿Una posible vía hacia la extinción? Una revisión</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is a large freshwater ish biodiversity in Mexico. However, this biodiversity is threatened by several factors including the proliferation of invasive species, which intentionally or by accident have been introduced into the water... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11616839" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is a large freshwater ish biodiversity in Mexico. However, this biodiversity <br />is threatened by several factors including the proliferation of invasive species, <br />which intentionally or by accident have been introduced into the water bodies <br />of this country. The impact that these invasive species have on the native ones <br />all around the world, has generated numerous studies trying to understand how <br />the presence of these invaders impacts biodiversity. Despite the concern shown <br />to understand the processes in which invasive species shift the balance and replace <br />native species, little attention has been given to the effects that these <br />invasions exert on an extremely important aspect: sexual communication. Using <br />this type of communication, individuals interchange visual and chemical signals <br />in order to maintain genetic individuality through reproductive isolation. They <br />are also used to choose good quality partners, which ultimately translates into a <br />higher reproductive success. In this review, we show evidence obtained from the <br />scientiic literature about how introduced species can affect directly or indirectly <br />these communication systems and how they put in risk the existence of numerous <br />freshwater ish species. We primarily use examples from two of the families <br />with greatest biodiversity in Mexico: Goodeidae and Poceiliidae.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11616839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ba928d73ac7ad0caad8e44eecf7d781" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37087473,"asset_id":11616839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37087473/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5163561" href="https://uacam.academia.edu/CesarGonzalezZuarth">Cesar Gonzalez Zuarth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5163561" type="text/json">{"id":5163561,"first_name":"Cesar","last_name":"Gonzalez Zuarth","domain_name":"uacam","page_name":"CesarGonzalezZuarth","display_name":"Cesar Gonzalez Zuarth","profile_url":"https://uacam.academia.edu/CesarGonzalezZuarth?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5163561/2270918/2653756/s65_cesar.gonzalez_zuarth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11616839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11616839"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11616839, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11616839", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11616839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11616839; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11616839"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11616839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11616839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11616839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11616839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11616839").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11616839").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11616839"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7044" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection">Sexual Selection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7044" type="text/json">{"id":7044,"name":"Sexual Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11870" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species">Invasive Species</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11870" type="text/json">{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="358670" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Isolation">Reproductive Isolation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="358670" type="text/json">{"id":358670,"name":"Reproductive Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Isolation?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11616839]'), work: {"id":11616839,"title":"El impacto de los peces invasores sobre la comunicación entre los sexos ¿Una posible vía hacia la extinción? Una revisión","created_at":"2015-03-23T13:25:44.032-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11616839/El_impacto_de_los_peces_invasores_sobre_la_comunicaci%C3%B3n_entre_los_sexos_Una_posible_v%C3%ADa_hacia_la_extinci%C3%B3n_Una_revisi%C3%B3n?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_11616839","summary":"There is a large freshwater ish biodiversity in Mexico. However, this biodiversity\r\nis threatened by several factors including the proliferation of invasive species,\r\nwhich intentionally or by accident have been introduced into the water bodies\r\nof this country. The impact that these invasive species have on the native ones\r\nall around the world, has generated numerous studies trying to understand how\r\nthe presence of these invaders impacts biodiversity. Despite the concern shown\r\nto understand the processes in which invasive species shift the balance and replace\r\nnative species, little attention has been given to the effects that these\r\ninvasions exert on an extremely important aspect: sexual communication. Using\r\nthis type of communication, individuals interchange visual and chemical signals\r\nin order to maintain genetic individuality through reproductive isolation. They\r\nare also used to choose good quality partners, which ultimately translates into a\r\nhigher reproductive success. In this review, we show evidence obtained from the\r\nscientiic literature about how introduced species can affect directly or indirectly\r\nthese communication systems and how they put in risk the existence of numerous\r\nfreshwater ish species. We primarily use examples from two of the families\r\nwith greatest biodiversity in Mexico: Goodeidae and Poceiliidae.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37087473,"asset_id":11616839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5163561,"first_name":"Cesar","last_name":"Gonzalez Zuarth","domain_name":"uacam","page_name":"CesarGonzalezZuarth","display_name":"Cesar Gonzalez Zuarth","profile_url":"https://uacam.academia.edu/CesarGonzalezZuarth?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5163561/2270918/2653756/s65_cesar.gonzalez_zuarth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7044,"name":"Sexual Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":358670,"name":"Reproductive Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Isolation?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":532655,"name":"Selección Sexual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seleccion_Sexual?f_ri=124397"},{"id":806151,"name":"Especies invasoras","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Especies_invasoras?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33923793" data-work_id="33923793" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33923793/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A7_1_2017_">Как социобиология себя отрицает. Ч.1. (2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This analysis reveals internal contradictions of sociobiology. 1. In conceptual terms, sociobiology "denies itself": the development of its concepts on their own basis leads to the opposite socio-centric approach. 2. The main... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33923793" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This analysis reveals internal contradictions of sociobiology.<br />1. In conceptual terms, sociobiology "denies itself": the development of its concepts on their own basis leads to the opposite socio-centric approach. 2. The main methodological achievement of sociobiology is the calculation of the "win"/ «pay» ratio (efficiency/risk and (or) cost of presentation) to explain the reasons for choosing behavior in a problem situation. This approach confirmed the concepts and empirical consequences of a competing trend – comparative ethology.<br />3. Data on signals / mechanisms of communication in birds and other vertebrates, collected by the sociobiologists confirm the reality of the phenomena, from the point of view of sociobiological theories, even little or completely improbable. Among these phenomena there is <br />a) typological certainty of forms of demonstrations and statistical stability of their effects (from the standpoint of sociobiology both must be "blurred" or flexibly changed according to the dynamics of motivation inside and stimulation from the outside demonstrator);<br />b) conventional signals, such as studied for anolis or corncrake (from the point of view of sociobiology they cannot honestly inform the recipient, since the "announcement" of more intensive influences does not cost the demonstrator as "more expensive", and sometimes as "heaper").<br />The sociocentric approach is discussed as an alternative to sociobiology.<br />The latter stores the value as a "null hypothesis". Its refutation is necessary to justify any positive statements in the field of socio-ethology, but in itself does not give grounds for the latter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33923793" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47e3692a683d0768c6c2b8cbfebf651e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53892711,"asset_id":33923793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53892711/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33923793 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33923793"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33923793, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33923793", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33923793 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33923793; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33923793"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33923793 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33923793"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33923793; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33923793]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33923793").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33923793").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33923793"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology">Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2923" type="text/json">{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4316" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4316" type="text/json">{"id":4316,"name":"Sociobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33923793]'), work: {"id":33923793,"title":"Как социобиология себя отрицает. Ч.1. (2017)","created_at":"2017-07-18T07:51:29.609-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33923793/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A7_1_2017_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_33923793","summary":"This analysis reveals internal contradictions of sociobiology.\n1. In conceptual terms, sociobiology \"denies itself\": the development of its concepts on their own basis leads to the opposite socio-centric approach. 2. The main methodological achievement of sociobiology is the calculation of the \"win\"/ «pay» ratio (efficiency/risk and (or) cost of presentation) to explain the reasons for choosing behavior in a problem situation. This approach confirmed the concepts and empirical consequences of a competing trend – comparative ethology.\n3. Data on signals / mechanisms of communication in birds and other vertebrates, collected by the sociobiologists confirm the reality of the phenomena, from the point of view of sociobiological theories, even little or completely improbable. Among these phenomena there is \na) typological certainty of forms of demonstrations and statistical stability of their effects (from the standpoint of sociobiology both must be \"blurred\" or flexibly changed according to the dynamics of motivation inside and stimulation from the outside demonstrator);\nb) conventional signals, such as studied for anolis or corncrake (from the point of view of sociobiology they cannot honestly inform the recipient, since the \"announcement\" of more intensive influences does not cost the demonstrator as \"more expensive\", and sometimes as \"\u0012heaper\").\nThe sociocentric approach is discussed as an alternative to sociobiology.\nThe latter stores the value as a \"null hypothesis\". Its refutation is necessary to justify any positive statements in the field of socio-ethology, but in itself does not give grounds for the latter.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53892711,"asset_id":33923793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":4316,"name":"Sociobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":16550,"name":"Cognitive Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Ethology?f_ri=124397"},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":49710,"name":"Infanticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infanticide?f_ri=124397"},{"id":58285,"name":"Social organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_organization?f_ri=124397"},{"id":70353,"name":"Kin Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kin_Selection?f_ri=124397"},{"id":110819,"name":"Instinct","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instinct?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":478678,"name":"Ritualisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritualisation?f_ri=124397"},{"id":906351,"name":"COURTSHIP BEHAVIOURS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COURTSHIP_BEHAVIOURS?f_ri=124397"},{"id":1277631,"name":"Behavioural Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Ecology?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24529659" data-work_id="24529659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24529659/On_The_Discontinuity_Problem_Of_Language_Perspectives_From_Developmental_Psychology">On The Discontinuity Problem Of Language: Perspectives From Developmental Psychology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The discontinuity problem of language is a unique and unresolved issue in the field Linguistic Studies that draws attention to the monumental chasm between the naming of individual objects versus the evolutionary leap to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24529659" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The discontinuity problem of language is a unique and unresolved issue in the field Linguistic Studies that draws attention to the monumental chasm between the naming of individual objects versus the evolutionary leap to the differentiated grammatical complexity of human speech. Current research on the problem has left contemporary linguistic theorists at a loss when attempting to explain this seemingly insurmountable conundrum. This problem, however, when viewed through the lens of developmental psychology, becomes less of a problem in itself, and more of a misunderstanding of the developmental nature of different species through time. When seen from this vantage point, a clear correlation emerges between the developmental processes of language acquisition among certain species, as well as, the different developmental stages of human beings. This paper will attempt to solve the discontinuity problem by taking an interdisciplinary approach to linguistic theory, by highlighting current research in the field, and by integrating their findings into a new theory of language development and acquisition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24529659" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc5103a403cc643023d5b6eed1072b9b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44859692,"asset_id":24529659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44859692/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201118" href="https://gsu.academia.edu/AdamKennedy">Adam Kennedy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201118" type="text/json">{"id":201118,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Kennedy","domain_name":"gsu","page_name":"AdamKennedy","display_name":"Adam Kennedy","profile_url":"https://gsu.academia.edu/AdamKennedy?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201118/234260/16524641/s65_adam.kennedy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24529659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24529659"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24529659, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24529659", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24529659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24529659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24529659"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24529659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24529659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24529659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24529659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24529659").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24529659").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24529659"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7466" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Development">Human Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7466" type="text/json">{"id":7466,"name":"Human Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Development?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24529659]'), work: {"id":24529659,"title":"On The Discontinuity Problem Of Language: Perspectives From Developmental Psychology","created_at":"2016-04-18T09:49:41.833-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24529659/On_The_Discontinuity_Problem_Of_Language_Perspectives_From_Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_24529659","summary":"The discontinuity problem of language is a unique and unresolved issue in the field Linguistic Studies that draws attention to the monumental chasm between the naming of individual objects versus the evolutionary leap to the differentiated grammatical complexity of human speech. Current research on the problem has left contemporary linguistic theorists at a loss when attempting to explain this seemingly insurmountable conundrum. This problem, however, when viewed through the lens of developmental psychology, becomes less of a problem in itself, and more of a misunderstanding of the developmental nature of different species through time. When seen from this vantage point, a clear correlation emerges between the developmental processes of language acquisition among certain species, as well as, the different developmental stages of human beings. This paper will attempt to solve the discontinuity problem by taking an interdisciplinary approach to linguistic theory, by highlighting current research in the field, and by integrating their findings into a new theory of language development and acquisition. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44859692,"asset_id":24529659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201118,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Kennedy","domain_name":"gsu","page_name":"AdamKennedy","display_name":"Adam Kennedy","profile_url":"https://gsu.academia.edu/AdamKennedy?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201118/234260/16524641/s65_adam.kennedy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":7466,"name":"Human Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Development?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":20053,"name":"Theory of Mind (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Mind_Psychology_?f_ri=124397"},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":774380,"name":"Cognition and communication in human and nonhuman animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_and_communication_in_human_and_nonhuman_animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":1325096,"name":"Protolanguage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protolanguage?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22768899 coauthored" data-work_id="22768899" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22768899/Reference_in_human_and_nonhuman_primate_communication_What_does_it_take_to_refer_Animal_Cognition_2016_">Reference in human and nonhuman primate communication: What does it take to refer? (Animal Cognition, 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concept of functional reference has been used to isolate potentially referential vocal signals in animal communication. However, its relatedness to the phenomenon of reference in human language has recently been brought into question.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22768899" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concept of functional reference has been used to isolate potentially referential<br />vocal signals in animal communication. However, its relatedness to the phenomenon of<br />reference in human language has recently been brought into question. While some<br />researchers have suggested abandoning the concept of functional reference<br />altogether, others advocate a revision of its definition to include contextual cues that<br />play a role in signal production and perception. Empirical and theoretical work on<br />functional reference has also put much emphasis on how the receiver understands the<br />referential signal. However, reference, as defined in the linguistic literature, is an action<br />of the producer, and therefore any definition describing reference in non-human<br />animals must also focus on the producer. To successfully determine whether a signal<br />is used to refer, we suggest an approach from the field of pragmatics, taking a closer<br />look at specific situations of signal production, specifically at the factors that influence<br />the production of a signal by an individual. We define the concept of signaller's<br />reference to identify intentional acts of reference produced by a signaller independently<br />of the communicative modality; and illustrate it with a case study of the hoo<br />vocalisations produced by wild chimpanzees during travel. This novel framework<br />introduces an intentional approach to referentiality. It may therefore permit a closer<br />comparison of human and non-human animal referential behaviour and underlying<br />cognitive processes, allowing us to identify what may have emerged solely in the<br />human lineage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22768899" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc9ac0a071a088ae8139ec36c80bcc17" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43755200,"asset_id":22768899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43755200/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5846852" href="https://unine.academia.edu/ChristineSievers">Christine Sievers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5846852" type="text/json">{"id":5846852,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Sievers","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"ChristineSievers","display_name":"Christine Sievers","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/ChristineSievers?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5846852/2507266/10539613/s65_christine.sievers.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22768899">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22768899"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unine.academia.edu/ThibaudGruber">Thibaud Gruber</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22768899'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22768899').html(); 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(Animal Cognition, 2016)","created_at":"2016-03-03T13:13:47.809-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22768899/Reference_in_human_and_nonhuman_primate_communication_What_does_it_take_to_refer_Animal_Cognition_2016_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_22768899","summary":"The concept of functional reference has been used to isolate potentially referential\nvocal signals in animal communication. However, its relatedness to the phenomenon of\nreference in human language has recently been brought into question. While some\nresearchers have suggested abandoning the concept of functional reference\naltogether, others advocate a revision of its definition to include contextual cues that\nplay a role in signal production and perception. Empirical and theoretical work on\nfunctional reference has also put much emphasis on how the receiver understands the\nreferential signal. However, reference, as defined in the linguistic literature, is an action\nof the producer, and therefore any definition describing reference in non-human\nanimals must also focus on the producer. To successfully determine whether a signal\nis used to refer, we suggest an approach from the field of pragmatics, taking a closer\nlook at specific situations of signal production, specifically at the factors that influence\nthe production of a signal by an individual. We define the concept of signaller's\nreference to identify intentional acts of reference produced by a signaller independently\nof the communicative modality; and illustrate it with a case study of the hoo\nvocalisations produced by wild chimpanzees during travel. This novel framework\nintroduces an intentional approach to referentiality. It may therefore permit a closer\ncomparison of human and non-human animal referential behaviour and underlying\ncognitive processes, allowing us to identify what may have emerged solely in the\nhuman lineage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43755200,"asset_id":22768899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5846852,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Sievers","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"ChristineSievers","display_name":"Christine Sievers","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/ChristineSievers?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5846852/2507266/10539613/s65_christine.sievers.jpg"},{"id":5208116,"first_name":"Thibaud","last_name":"Gruber","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"ThibaudGruber","display_name":"Thibaud Gruber","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/ThibaudGruber?f_ri=124397","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":6642,"name":"Language Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Evolution?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":49558,"name":"Evolution of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Language?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=124397"},{"id":958009,"name":"Intentional Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intentional_Communication?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8202551" data-work_id="8202551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8202551/%D0%95%D1%89%D1%91_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_2014_">Ещё про коммуникативную роль жестов у антропоидов (2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Показана специфичность жестов как средства коммуникации шимпанзе и бонобо. В отличие от инстинктивных систем сигнализации низших обезьян жесты представляют собой не видовые сигналы, а индивидуальные реакции. Их «значение», способы... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8202551" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Показана специфичность жестов как средства коммуникации шимпанзе и бонобо. В отличие от инстинктивных систем сигнализации низших обезьян жесты представляют собой не видовые сигналы, а индивидуальные реакции. Их «значение», способы продуцирования и употребления устанавливаются традицией, специфической для каждой группы. Соответственно, у них нет свободного значения, чтобы понять, «что передаётся», недостаточно «автоматической расшифровки» сигнала. Каждая обезьяна должна оценить обстановку и «напрячь интеллект», а передающий подстраивается, видоизменяя жест, если нужно облегчить понимание.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8202551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47b9d77db95973baa1cbc02405cded8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34631874,"asset_id":8202551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34631874/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8202551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8202551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8202551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8202551", }); 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В отличие от инстинктивных систем сигнализации низших обезьян жесты представляют собой не видовые сигналы, а индивидуальные реакции. Их «значение», способы продуцирования и употребления устанавливаются традицией, специфической для каждой группы. Соответственно, у них нет свободного значения, чтобы понять, «что передаётся», недостаточно «автоматической расшифровки» сигнала. Каждая обезьяна должна оценить обстановку и «напрячь интеллект», а передающий подстраивается, видоизменяя жест, если нужно облегчить понимание.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34631874,"asset_id":8202551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2069,"name":"Primatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primatology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":173032,"name":"Glottogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glottogenesis?f_ri=124397"},{"id":222758,"name":"Great Apes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Apes?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34862308" data-work_id="34862308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34862308/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A7_2_2017_">Как социобиология сама себя отрицает. Ч.2. (2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В данном анализе выявлена внутренняя противоречивость социобиологии. 1. В концептуальном плане социобиология «сама себя отрицает»: развитие ее концептов на их собственном основании ведет к противоположному ей социоцентрическому подходу.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34862308" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В данном анализе выявлена внутренняя противоречивость социобиологии. 1. В концептуальном плане социобиология «сама себя отрицает»: развитие ее концептов на их собственном основании ведет к противоположному ей социоцентрическому подходу. 2. Главное методическое достижение социобиологии - калькуляция отношений «выигрыша» (в виде эффективности) к «плате» (риск и/или затраты предъявления) для объяснения причин выбора поведения в проблемной ситуации - подтвердило концепты и эмпирические следствия конкурирующего направления, сравнительной этологии. 3. Данные о сигналах/механизмах коммуникации у птиц и других позвоночных, собранные самими социобиологами, подтверждают реальность феноменов, с точки зрения социобиологических теорий мало- или вовсе невероятных. Среди них: а) типологическая определенность форм видовых демонстраций при статистической устойчивости их эффектов (с т.з. социобиологии то и другое должно «расплываться» или гибко меняться сообразно динамике мотивации внутри и стимуляции извне демонстратора); б) конвенциональные сигналы, вроде изученных у ящериц-анолисов или коростелей (с т.з. социобиологии они не могут «честно» информировать реципиента, т.к. «объявление» ими более интенсивных воздействий не обходится демонстратору «дороже», а иногда и «дешевле»). Закономерности а-б присутствуют даже у т.н. сигналов-стимулов (сигналы состояний, motivational signals, соответствуют релизерам классических этологов); а-б достигает максимума у т.н. сигналов-символов (сигналы классов ситуаций, referential signals). Они «честно» информируют реципиента без сколько-нибудь заметного учащения «обмана» (что видно по автоматическому «доверию» данным сигналам, эффективно меняющим модель поведения реципиента), притом что ничем не «принуждают» его к определенной реакции. Он сохраняет свободу выбора и при этом «доверяет» переданной информации, выбирая следующее поведение и/или корректируя предыдущее именно на основании данной информации, а не собственной мотивации или самостоятельного наблюдения за происходящим. Обсуждается социоцентрический подход как альтернатива социобиологии. Последний сохраняет значение в качестве «нулевой гипотезы». Ее опровержение необходимо для обоснования любых положительных утверждений в области социоэтоологии, но само по себе не дает оснований для этих последних.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34862308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="889e3d7d34476ea66617b55d118c2e4b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54721321,"asset_id":34862308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54721321/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34862308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34862308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34862308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34862308", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34862308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34862308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34862308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34862308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34862308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34862308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34862308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34862308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34862308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34862308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2894" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_cooperation_Evolutionary_Biology_">Evolution of cooperation (Evolutionary Biology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2894" type="text/json">{"id":2894,"name":"Evolution of cooperation (Evolutionary Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_cooperation_Evolutionary_Biology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34862308]'), work: {"id":34862308,"title":"Как социобиология сама себя отрицает. Ч.2. (2017)","created_at":"2017-10-15T03:06:12.657-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34862308/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A7_2_2017_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_34862308","summary":"В данном анализе выявлена внутренняя противоречивость социобиологии. 1. В концептуальном плане социобиология «сама себя отрицает»: развитие ее концептов на их собственном основании ведет к противоположному ей социоцентрическому подходу. 2. Главное методическое достижение социобиологии - калькуляция отношений «выигрыша» (в виде эффективности) к «плате» (риск и/или затраты предъявления) для объяснения причин выбора поведения в проблемной ситуации - подтвердило концепты и эмпирические следствия конкурирующего направления, сравнительной этологии. 3. Данные о сигналах/механизмах коммуникации у птиц и других позвоночных, собранные самими социобиологами, подтверждают реальность феноменов, с точки зрения социобиологических теорий мало- или вовсе невероятных. Среди них: а) типологическая определенность форм видовых демонстраций при статистической устойчивости их эффектов (с т.з. социобиологии то и другое должно «расплываться» или гибко меняться сообразно динамике мотивации внутри и стимуляции извне демонстратора); б) конвенциональные сигналы, вроде изученных у ящериц-анолисов или коростелей (с т.з. социобиологии они не могут «честно» информировать реципиента, т.к. «объявление» ими более интенсивных воздействий не обходится демонстратору «дороже», а иногда и «дешевле»). Закономерности а-б присутствуют даже у т.н. сигналов-стимулов (сигналы состояний, motivational signals, соответствуют релизерам классических этологов); а-б достигает максимума у т.н. сигналов-символов (сигналы классов ситуаций, referential signals). Они «честно» информируют реципиента без сколько-нибудь заметного учащения «обмана» (что видно по автоматическому «доверию» данным сигналам, эффективно меняющим модель поведения реципиента), притом что ничем не «принуждают» его к определенной реакции. Он сохраняет свободу выбора и при этом «доверяет» переданной информации, выбирая следующее поведение и/или корректируя предыдущее именно на основании данной информации, а не собственной мотивации или самостоятельного наблюдения за происходящим. Обсуждается социоцентрический подход как альтернатива социобиологии. Последний сохраняет значение в качестве «нулевой гипотезы». Ее опровержение необходимо для обоснования любых положительных утверждений в области социоэтоологии, но само по себе не дает оснований для этих последних. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54721321,"asset_id":34862308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2894,"name":"Evolution of cooperation (Evolutionary Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_cooperation_Evolutionary_Biology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":4316,"name":"Sociobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology?f_ri=124397"},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":11186,"name":"Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy?f_ri=124397"},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":46474,"name":"Territoriality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Territoriality?f_ri=124397"},{"id":58285,"name":"Social organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_organization?f_ri=124397"},{"id":70353,"name":"Kin Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kin_Selection?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":126902,"name":"Courtship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courtship?f_ri=124397"},{"id":151933,"name":"Cooperative Breeding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperative_Breeding?f_ri=124397"},{"id":291840,"name":"Evolution of social behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_social_behaviour?f_ri=124397"},{"id":478678,"name":"Ritualisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritualisation?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28714535" data-work_id="28714535" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28714535/Animal_Rhetorics_Workshop_at_RSA_2017">Animal Rhetorics Workshop at RSA 2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The animal turn is changing the way humanists envision their traditional domains of study. Recent efforts to expand the context of rhetorical theory to include nonhuman animals have raised several issues that call traditional disciplinary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28714535" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The animal turn is changing the way humanists envision their traditional domains of study. Recent efforts to expand the context of rhetorical theory to include nonhuman animals have raised several issues that call traditional disciplinary assumptions into question. How do we define what is and what is not language? If some animal communication demonstrates syntax and symbol use, what makes human persuasion unique or special? What is the originary essence of rhetoric? Is it a logic? An energy? An ideology? An affect? In this workshop we will explore the justifications for, as well as the benefits and dangers of, studying rhetorical theory and practice in a cross-species context.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28714535" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ea7a22c6018cfea144ce1a8bdc41dd6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49119240,"asset_id":28714535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49119240/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195208" href="https://jmu.academia.edu/AlexCParrish">Alex C Parrish</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195208" type="text/json">{"id":195208,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Parrish","domain_name":"jmu","page_name":"AlexCParrish","display_name":"Alex C Parrish","profile_url":"https://jmu.academia.edu/AlexCParrish?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195208/46619/209404/s65_alex_c..parrish.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28714535 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28714535"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28714535, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28714535", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28714535]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28714535").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28714535").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28714535"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">47</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric_Languages_and_Linguistics_">Rhetoric (Languages and Linguistics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="100" type="text/json">{"id":100,"name":"Rhetoric (Languages and Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric_Languages_and_Linguistics_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="930" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intercultural_Communication">Intercultural Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="930" type="text/json">{"id":930,"name":"Intercultural Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intercultural_Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="953" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="953" type="text/json">{"id":953,"name":"Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28714535]'), work: {"id":28714535,"title":"Animal Rhetorics Workshop at RSA 2017","created_at":"2016-09-25T20:38:05.901-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28714535/Animal_Rhetorics_Workshop_at_RSA_2017?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_28714535","summary":"The animal turn is changing the way humanists envision their traditional domains of study. Recent efforts to expand the context of rhetorical theory to include nonhuman animals have raised several issues that call traditional disciplinary assumptions into question. How do we define what is and what is not language? If some animal communication demonstrates syntax and symbol use, what makes human persuasion unique or special? What is the originary essence of rhetoric? Is it a logic? An energy? An ideology? An affect? In this workshop we will explore the justifications for, as well as the benefits and dangers of, studying rhetorical theory and practice in a cross-species context.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49119240,"asset_id":28714535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":195208,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Parrish","domain_name":"jmu","page_name":"AlexCParrish","display_name":"Alex C Parrish","profile_url":"https://jmu.academia.edu/AlexCParrish?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195208/46619/209404/s65_alex_c..parrish.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":100,"name":"Rhetoric (Languages and Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric_Languages_and_Linguistics_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":930,"name":"Intercultural Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intercultural_Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":953,"name":"Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":976,"name":"Composition and Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composition_and_Rhetoric?f_ri=124397"},{"id":1279,"name":"Science Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397"},{"id":3148,"name":"Actor Network Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actor_Network_Theory?f_ri=124397"},{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=124397"},{"id":3234,"name":"Animal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ethics?f_ri=124397"},{"id":3404,"name":"Critical Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Animal_Studies?f_ri=124397"},{"id":3824,"name":"Rhetorical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetorical_Analysis?f_ri=124397"},{"id":3919,"name":"Visual Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Rhetoric?f_ri=124397"},{"id":3933,"name":"Cultural Rhetorics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Rhetorics?f_ri=124397"},{"id":4899,"name":"Rhetoric of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric_of_Technology?f_ri=124397"},{"id":5720,"name":"Rhetoric of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric_of_Science?f_ri=124397"},{"id":6936,"name":"Rhetoric and Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric_and_Social_Theory?f_ri=124397"},{"id":6938,"name":"Rhetoric and Public Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric_and_Public_Culture?f_ri=124397"},{"id":6986,"name":"Classical rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_rhetoric?f_ri=124397"},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":9477,"name":"Rhetorical Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetorical_Criticism?f_ri=124397"},{"id":10343,"name":"Political Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Rhetoric?f_ri=124397"},{"id":12204,"name":"Animal Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Welfare?f_ri=124397"},{"id":15014,"name":"Philosophy and Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Rhetoric?f_ri=124397"},{"id":15446,"name":"Animals and Animality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals_and_Animality?f_ri=124397"},{"id":19680,"name":"Philosophy Of Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":20306,"name":"Rhetorical 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Materialisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Materialisms?f_ri=124397"},{"id":353756,"name":"Vegetarianism as a Social Movement About Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetarianism_as_a_Social_Movement_About_Animals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":699478,"name":"Animal Rights, Animal Ecology, Animal Studies, Animal Ethics, Animal Cognition, Animal Liberation, Animals in Culture, Philosophy Of Animals, Animals \u0026 Society studies, Ethics of Animals, and Laboratory Animal Welfare, Animal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Rights_Animal_Ecology_Animal_Studies_Animal_Ethics_Animal_Cognition_Animal_Liberation_A?f_ri=124397"},{"id":931247,"name":"Philosophy and Sociology of Human/animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Sociology_of_Human_animal_Relations?f_ri=124397"},{"id":939416,"name":"Ancient Rhetoric and Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rhetoric_and_Poetics?f_ri=124397"},{"id":1713740,"name":"Internatural Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internatural_Communication?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5577922" data-work_id="5577922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5577922/Referential_status_of_n_un_marked_NPs">Referential status of -(n)un-marked NPs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The semantic/pragmatic nature of a Korean particle -(n)un has been one of the most hotly debated topics in Korean linguistics. Nevertheless, few have provided a detailed analysis of the referential status of -(n)un-marked NPs. Rather, it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5577922" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The semantic/pragmatic nature of a Korean particle -(n)un has been one of the most hotly debated topics in Korean linguistics. Nevertheless, few have provided a detailed analysis of the referential status of -(n)un-marked NPs. Rather, it is widely held that -(n)un is used for “old/given” information, without a clear definition of oldness/givenness. This paper is an attempt to provide a better understanding of the referential property of -(n)un-marked NPs by reconsidering the distinction between new vs. old information. Particularly, against recent previous studies that rely on the notion of presupposition, this study argues that -(n)un can be used for either hearer-old or discourse-old referents, with a slightly modified version of discourse-oldness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5577922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="370adf285b6d14702a869e677a97d5ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32664200,"asset_id":5577922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32664200/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57482" href="https://kangwon.academia.edu/IlkyuKim">Ilkyu Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57482" type="text/json">{"id":57482,"first_name":"Ilkyu","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"kangwon","page_name":"IlkyuKim","display_name":"Ilkyu Kim","profile_url":"https://kangwon.academia.edu/IlkyuKim?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57482/16896/4724706/s65_ilkyu.kim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5577922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5577922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5577922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5577922", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5577922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5577922; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5577922"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5577922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5577922"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5577922; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5577922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5577922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5577922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5577922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19857" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Structure">Information Structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19857" type="text/json">{"id":19857,"name":"Information Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Structure?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5577922]'), work: {"id":5577922,"title":"Referential status of -(n)un-marked NPs","created_at":"2014-01-01T20:49:47.027-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5577922/Referential_status_of_n_un_marked_NPs?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_5577922","summary":"The semantic/pragmatic nature of a Korean particle -(n)un has been one of the most hotly debated topics in Korean linguistics. Nevertheless, few have provided a detailed analysis of the referential status of -(n)un-marked NPs. Rather, it is widely held that -(n)un is used for “old/given” information, without a clear definition of oldness/givenness. This paper is an attempt to provide a better understanding of the referential property of -(n)un-marked NPs by reconsidering the distinction between new vs. old information. Particularly, against recent previous studies that rely on the notion of presupposition, this study argues that -(n)un can be used for either hearer-old or discourse-old referents, with a slightly modified version of discourse-oldness. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32664200,"asset_id":5577922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57482,"first_name":"Ilkyu","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"kangwon","page_name":"IlkyuKim","display_name":"Ilkyu Kim","profile_url":"https://kangwon.academia.edu/IlkyuKim?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57482/16896/4724706/s65_ilkyu.kim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19857,"name":"Information Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Structure?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30800732 coauthored" data-work_id="30800732" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30800732/Investigating_the_Function_of_Play_Bows_in_Dog_and_Wolf_Puppies_Canis_lupus_familiaris_Canis_lupus_occidentalis">Investigating the Function of Play Bows in Dog and Wolf Puppies (Canis lupus familiaris, Canis lupus occidentalis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Animals utilize behavioral signals across a range of different contexts in order to communicate with others and produce probable behavioral outcomes. During play animals frequently adopt action patterns used in other contexts. Researchers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30800732" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Animals utilize behavioral signals across a range of different contexts in order to communicate with others and produce probable behavioral outcomes. During play animals frequently adopt action patterns used in other contexts. Researchers have therefore hypothesized that play signals have evolved to clarify communicative intent. One highly stereotyped play signal is the canid play bow, but its function remains contested. In order to clarify how canid puppies use play bows, we used data on play bows in immature wolves (ages 2.7–7.8 months) and dogs (ages 2 to 5 months) to test hypotheses evaluated in a previous study of adult dogs. We found that young dogs used play bows similarly to adult dogs; play bows most often occurred after a brief pause in play followed by complementary highly active play states. However, while the relative number of play bows and total observation time was similar between dog and wolf puppies, wolves did not follow this behavioral pattern, as play bows were unsuccessful in eliciting further play activity by the partner. While some similarities for the function of play bows in dog and wolf puppies were documented, it appears that play bows may function differently in wolf puppies in regards to re-initiating play.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30800732" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="102058ea96119ec3cf510c265cd6877d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51233686,"asset_id":30800732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51233686/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55945678" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SarahElizabethByosiere">Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55945678" type="text/json">{"id":55945678,"first_name":"Sarah-Elizabeth","last_name":"Byosiere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SarahElizabethByosiere","display_name":"Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SarahElizabethByosiere?f_ri=124397","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30800732">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30800732"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://harvard.academia.edu/JuliaEspinosa">Julia Espinosa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30800732'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30800732').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30800732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30800732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30800732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30800732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30800732").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30800732").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30800732"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dog_Behavior">Dog Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5433" type="text/json">{"id":5433,"name":"Dog Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dog_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="154367" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wolf_Behavior">Wolf Behavior</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="154367" type="text/json">{"id":154367,"name":"Wolf Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wolf_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30800732]'), work: {"id":30800732,"title":"Investigating the Function of Play Bows in Dog and Wolf Puppies (Canis lupus familiaris, Canis lupus occidentalis","created_at":"2017-01-07T04:58:08.356-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30800732/Investigating_the_Function_of_Play_Bows_in_Dog_and_Wolf_Puppies_Canis_lupus_familiaris_Canis_lupus_occidentalis?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_30800732","summary":"Animals utilize behavioral signals across a range of different contexts in order to communicate with others and produce probable behavioral outcomes. During play animals frequently adopt action patterns used in other contexts. Researchers have therefore hypothesized that play signals have evolved to clarify communicative intent. One highly stereotyped play signal is the canid play bow, but its function remains contested. In order to clarify how canid puppies use play bows, we used data on play bows in immature wolves (ages 2.7–7.8 months) and dogs (ages 2 to 5 months) to test hypotheses evaluated in a previous study of adult dogs. We found that young dogs used play bows similarly to adult dogs; play bows most often occurred after a brief pause in play followed by complementary highly active play states. However, while the relative number of play bows and total observation time was similar between dog and wolf puppies, wolves did not follow this behavioral pattern, as play bows were unsuccessful in eliciting further play activity by the partner. While some similarities for the function of play bows in dog and wolf puppies were documented, it appears that play bows may function differently in wolf puppies in regards to re-initiating play.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51233686,"asset_id":30800732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55945678,"first_name":"Sarah-Elizabeth","last_name":"Byosiere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SarahElizabethByosiere","display_name":"Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SarahElizabethByosiere?f_ri=124397","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":55922833,"first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Espinosa","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"JuliaEspinosa","display_name":"Julia Espinosa","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/JuliaEspinosa?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55922833/15342964/15990884/s65_julia.espinosa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5433,"name":"Dog Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dog_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":154367,"name":"Wolf Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wolf_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":219703,"name":"Canine Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canine_Behavior?f_ri=124397"},{"id":457222,"name":"Behavior of Dogs, Evolution of Dogs, Domestication Processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_of_Dogs_Evolution_of_Dogs_Domestication_Processes?f_ri=124397"},{"id":528117,"name":"Visual Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15702621" data-work_id="15702621" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15702621/Pointing_and_pantomime_in_wild_apes_Female_bonobos_use_referential_and_iconic_gestures_to_request_genito_genital_rubbing">Pointing and pantomime in wild apes? Female bonobos use referential and iconic gestures to request genito-genital rubbing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Referential and iconic gesturing provide a means to flexibly and intentionally share information about specific entities, locations, or goals. The extent to which nonhuman primates use such gestures is therefore of special interest for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15702621" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Referential and iconic gesturing provide a means to flexibly and intentionally share information about specific entities, locations, or goals. The extent to which nonhuman primates use such gestures is therefore of special interest for understanding the evolution of human language. Here, we describe novel observations of wild female bonobos (Pan paniscus) using referential and potentially iconic gestures to initiate genito-genital (GG) rubbing, which serves important functions in reducing social tension and facilitating cooperation. We collected data from a habituated community of bonobos at Luikotale, DRC, and analysed n = 138 independent gesture bouts made by n = 11 females. Gestures were coded in real time or from video. In addition to meeting the criteria for intentionality, in form and function these gestures resemble pointing and pantomime–two hallmarks of human communication–in the ways in which they indicated the relevant body part or action involved in the goal of GG rubbing. Moreover, the gestures led to GG rubbing in 83.3% of gesture bouts, which in turn increased tolerance in feeding contexts between the participants. We discuss how biologically<br />relevant contexts in which individuals are motivated to cooperate may facilitate the emergence of language precursors to enhance communication in wild apes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15702621" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae605077001a7aa2b3e41416c40e6e17" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38770305,"asset_id":15702621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38770305/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8293505" href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/HeidiDouglas">Heidi Douglas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8293505" type="text/json">{"id":8293505,"first_name":"Heidi","last_name":"Douglas","domain_name":"eva-mpg","page_name":"HeidiDouglas","display_name":"Heidi Douglas","profile_url":"https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/HeidiDouglas?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8293505/2832773/21778657/s65_heidi.douglas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15702621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15702621"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15702621, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15702621", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15702621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15702621").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15702621").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15702621"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3147" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gesture">Gesture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3147" type="text/json">{"id":3147,"name":"Gesture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gesture?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="307986" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestural_communication">Gestural communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="307986" type="text/json">{"id":307986,"name":"Gestural communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestural_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15702621]'), work: {"id":15702621,"title":"Pointing and pantomime in wild apes? Female bonobos use referential and iconic gestures to request genito-genital rubbing","created_at":"2015-09-14T18:53:07.733-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15702621/Pointing_and_pantomime_in_wild_apes_Female_bonobos_use_referential_and_iconic_gestures_to_request_genito_genital_rubbing?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_15702621","summary":"Referential and iconic gesturing provide a means to flexibly and intentionally share information about specific entities, locations, or goals. The extent to which nonhuman primates use such gestures is therefore of special interest for understanding the evolution of human language. Here, we describe novel observations of wild female bonobos (Pan paniscus) using referential and potentially iconic gestures to initiate genito-genital (GG) rubbing, which serves important functions in reducing social tension and facilitating cooperation. We collected data from a habituated community of bonobos at Luikotale, DRC, and analysed n = 138 independent gesture bouts made by n = 11 females. Gestures were coded in real time or from video. In addition to meeting the criteria for intentionality, in form and function these gestures resemble pointing and pantomime–two hallmarks of human communication–in the ways in which they indicated the relevant body part or action involved in the goal of GG rubbing. Moreover, the gestures led to GG rubbing in 83.3% of gesture bouts, which in turn increased tolerance in feeding contexts between the participants. We discuss how biologically\nrelevant contexts in which individuals are motivated to cooperate may facilitate the emergence of language precursors to enhance communication in wild apes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38770305,"asset_id":15702621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8293505,"first_name":"Heidi","last_name":"Douglas","domain_name":"eva-mpg","page_name":"HeidiDouglas","display_name":"Heidi Douglas","profile_url":"https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/HeidiDouglas?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8293505/2832773/21778657/s65_heidi.douglas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3147,"name":"Gesture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gesture?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":307986,"name":"Gestural communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestural_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8963936" data-work_id="8963936" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8963936/%D0%95%D1%89%D1%91_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_2013_">Ещё про знаки и символы в коммуникации животных (2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Перед докладом в среду на семинаре по происхождению языка (Willkommen!) хочу собрать вместе аргументы «за»: 1) что специфические элементы поведения -демонстрации -это в первую очередь сигналы, передающие информацию в символической форме,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8963936" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Перед докладом в среду на семинаре по происхождению языка (Willkommen!) хочу собрать вместе аргументы «за»: 1) что специфические элементы поведения -демонстрации -это в первую очередь сигналы, передающие информацию в символической форме, а не только стимулы, выражающие определённый уровень мотивации и соответственным образом воздействующие на партнёра (в сторону «нагнутия» его к побуждениям противоположного характера). Естественно, это верно для видов, у которых ритуализированные демонстрации развились до уровня сигналовсимволов; когда они остаются на уровне сигналовстимулов, не всё нижесказанное верно в такой сильной форме, к ним подходят более слабые утверждения. Вот 3 критерия, как можно в опыте отличить, какие средства коммуникации используются в данном взаимодействии -стимулы или знаки?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8963936" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71180fb5ea5370f124f08f214388ffa0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35281048,"asset_id":8963936,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35281048/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8963936 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8963936"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8963936, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8963936", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8963936]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8963936").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8963936").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8963936"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18594" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology">Evolutionary Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18594" type="text/json">{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8963936]'), work: {"id":8963936,"title":"Ещё про знаки и символы в коммуникации животных (2013)","created_at":"2014-10-26T01:03:37.423-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8963936/%D0%95%D1%89%D1%91_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_2013_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_8963936","summary":"Перед докладом в среду на семинаре по происхождению языка (Willkommen!) хочу собрать вместе аргументы «за»: 1) что специфические элементы поведения -демонстрации -это в первую очередь сигналы, передающие информацию в символической форме, а не только стимулы, выражающие определённый уровень мотивации и соответственным образом воздействующие на партнёра (в сторону «нагнутия» его к побуждениям противоположного характера). Естественно, это верно для видов, у которых ритуализированные демонстрации развились до уровня сигналовсимволов; когда они остаются на уровне сигналовстимулов, не всё нижесказанное верно в такой сильной форме, к ним подходят более слабые утверждения. Вот 3 критерия, как можно в опыте отличить, какие средства коммуникации используются в данном взаимодействии -стимулы или знаки?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35281048,"asset_id":8963936,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":328999,"name":"Animal Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1425683" data-work_id="1425683" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1425683/Multimodal_signaling_in_fowl_Gallus_gallus">Multimodal signaling in fowl, Gallus gallus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many social birds produce food-associated calls. In galliforms, these vocalizations are typically accompanied by a distinctive visual display, creating a multimodal signal known as tidbitting. This system is ideal for experimental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1425683" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many social birds produce food-associated calls. In galliforms, these vocalizations are typically accompanied by a distinctive visual display, creating a multimodal signal known as tidbitting. This system is ideal for experimental analysis of the way in which signal components interact to determine overall efficacy. We used high-definition video playback to explore perception of male tidbitting by female fowl, Gallus gallus. Hens experienced four treatments consisting of multimodal tidbitting, visual tidbitting without sound, audible tidbitting without a male present, and a silent empty cage control. Hens took longer to begin food search when the display was silent, but the overall rate of this response did not differ among the multimodal, visual only or audio only playback treatments. These results suggest that the visual and vocal components of tidbitting are redundant, but they also highlight the importance of a temporal dimension for any categorization scheme. Visual displays also evoked inspection behavior, characterized by close binocular fixation on the head of the playback male, which is known to facilitate individual recognition. This may also allow hens to assess male quality. Such social responses reveal that tidbitting probably has multiple functions and provide a new insight into the selective factors responsible for the evolution of this complex multimodal signal.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1425683" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="63f66c5cd2d5d3bca828d392b1fe8c63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":10088684,"asset_id":1425683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/10088684/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1233492" href="https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith">K-lynn Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1233492" type="text/json">{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1425683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1425683"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1425683, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1425683", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1425683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1425683; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1425683"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1425683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1425683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1425683; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1425683]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1425683").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1425683").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1425683"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22107" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallus_gallus">Gallus gallus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22107" type="text/json">{"id":22107,"name":"Gallus gallus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallus_gallus?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="92684" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chicken">Chicken</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="92684" type="text/json">{"id":92684,"name":"Chicken","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chicken?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1425683]'), work: {"id":1425683,"title":"Multimodal signaling in fowl, Gallus gallus","created_at":"2012-02-22T11:33:58.651-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1425683/Multimodal_signaling_in_fowl_Gallus_gallus?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_1425683","summary":"Many social birds produce food-associated calls. In galliforms, these vocalizations are typically accompanied by a distinctive visual display, creating a multimodal signal known as tidbitting. This system is ideal for experimental analysis of the way in which signal components interact to determine overall efficacy. We used high-definition video playback to explore perception of male tidbitting by female fowl, Gallus gallus. Hens experienced four treatments consisting of multimodal tidbitting, visual tidbitting without sound, audible tidbitting without a male present, and a silent empty cage control. Hens took longer to begin food search when the display was silent, but the overall rate of this response did not differ among the multimodal, visual only or audio only playback treatments. These results suggest that the visual and vocal components of tidbitting are redundant, but they also highlight the importance of a temporal dimension for any categorization scheme. Visual displays also evoked inspection behavior, characterized by close binocular fixation on the head of the playback male, which is known to facilitate individual recognition. This may also allow hens to assess male quality. Such social responses reveal that tidbitting probably has multiple functions and provide a new insight into the selective factors responsible for the evolution of this complex multimodal signal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":10088684,"asset_id":1425683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22107,"name":"Gallus gallus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallus_gallus?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":92684,"name":"Chicken","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chicken?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44127947" data-work_id="44127947" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44127947/The_Ideational_Metafunction_and_Nonhuman_Signalling">The Ideational Metafunction and Nonhuman Signalling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44127947" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="261d0f34512ce1a946b70d5959ea5e6d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64478706,"asset_id":44127947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64478706/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14359" href="https://webplus.academia.edu/MartinEdwardes">Martin P . J . Edwardes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14359" type="text/json">{"id":14359,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Edwardes","domain_name":"webplus","page_name":"MartinEdwardes","display_name":"Martin P . J . Edwardes","profile_url":"https://webplus.academia.edu/MartinEdwardes?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14359/4805/125117221/s65_martin.edwardes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44127947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44127947"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44127947, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44127947", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44127947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44127947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44127947"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44127947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44127947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44127947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44127947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44127947").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44127947").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44127947"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10611" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Functional_Linguistics">Systemic Functional Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10611" type="text/json">{"id":10611,"name":"Systemic Functional Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Functional_Linguistics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44127947]'), work: {"id":44127947,"title":"The Ideational Metafunction and Nonhuman Signalling","created_at":"2020-09-20T13:27:51.380-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44127947/The_Ideational_Metafunction_and_Nonhuman_Signalling?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_44127947","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64478706,"asset_id":44127947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14359,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Edwardes","domain_name":"webplus","page_name":"MartinEdwardes","display_name":"Martin P . J . Edwardes","profile_url":"https://webplus.academia.edu/MartinEdwardes?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14359/4805/125117221/s65_martin.edwardes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10611,"name":"Systemic Functional Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Functional_Linguistics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42490620" data-work_id="42490620" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42490620/Primate_pragmatics_expressive_behavior_and_the_evolution_of_language">Primate pragmatics, expressive behavior and the evolution of language</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cheney and Seyfarth’s groundbreaking studies on vervet monkey alarm calls paved the way for a serious investigations of what animal signals might mean and their relevance to the evolution of language. Although the question of what drives... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42490620" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cheney and Seyfarth’s groundbreaking studies on vervet monkey alarm calls paved the way for a serious investigations of what animal signals might mean and their relevance to the evolution of language. Although the question of what drives call production remains largely unanswered, and parallels with language cannot be discerned in this domain, there appear to be some similarities to language in the way primates, and other animals, derive information from utterances by pragmatically interpreting their significance using available contextual cues. We describe some of the advances that Cheney and Seyfarth’s work spurred and illustrate our current understanding using the alarm calling system of putty-nosed monkeys as an example. We also briefly indicate some of the obstacles to adopting either a purely ‘Carnapian’ or purely ‘Gricean’ pragmatic approach to the evolution of language. We conclude by briefly sketching an intermediate pragmatic framework. This framework takes account of the expressive character of a subset of communicative signals that are biologically designed to openly reveal psychological states, thereby allowing mutually beneficial interactions among, specifically, signalers and receivers that live in social groups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42490620" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82dc81333f88a26dd3c9ce0fafa1d687" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63150571,"asset_id":42490620,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63150571/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2686122" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/DoritBarOn">Dorit Bar-On</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2686122" type="text/json">{"id":2686122,"first_name":"Dorit","last_name":"Bar-On","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"DoritBarOn","display_name":"Dorit Bar-On","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/DoritBarOn?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2686122/858772/39456987/s65_dorit.bar-on.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42490620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42490620"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42490620, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42490620", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42490620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42490620; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42490620"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42490620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42490620"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42490620; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42490620]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42490620").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42490620").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42490620"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2238" type="text/json">{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7610" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology">Evolutionary Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7610" type="text/json">{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42490620]'), work: {"id":42490620,"title":"Primate pragmatics, expressive behavior and the evolution of language","created_at":"2020-04-01T09:34:00.761-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42490620/Primate_pragmatics_expressive_behavior_and_the_evolution_of_language?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_42490620","summary":"Cheney and Seyfarth’s groundbreaking studies on vervet monkey alarm calls paved the way for a serious investigations of what animal signals might mean and their relevance to the evolution of language. Although the question of what drives call production remains largely unanswered, and parallels with language cannot be discerned in this domain, there appear to be some similarities to language in the way primates, and other animals, derive information from utterances by pragmatically interpreting their significance using available contextual cues. We describe some of the advances that Cheney and Seyfarth’s work spurred and illustrate our current understanding using the alarm calling system of putty-nosed monkeys as an example. We also briefly indicate some of the obstacles to adopting either a purely ‘Carnapian’ or purely ‘Gricean’ pragmatic approach to the evolution of language. We conclude by briefly sketching an intermediate pragmatic framework. This framework takes account of the expressive character of a subset of communicative signals that are biologically designed to openly reveal psychological states, thereby allowing mutually beneficial interactions among, specifically, signalers and receivers that live in social groups.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63150571,"asset_id":42490620,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2686122,"first_name":"Dorit","last_name":"Bar-On","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"DoritBarOn","display_name":"Dorit Bar-On","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/DoritBarOn?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2686122/858772/39456987/s65_dorit.bar-on.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":15610,"name":"H.P. Grice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/H.P._Grice?f_ri=124397"},{"id":19533,"name":"Animal cognition (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_cognition_Psychology_?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":290465,"name":"Origins and evolution of language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_and_evolution_of_language?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29153207" data-work_id="29153207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29153207/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D1%91_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_2016_">Ритуализация «по Благосклонову» и её сопряжение с «тинбергеновской» (2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Между классической (тинбергеновской) ритуализацией и «благосклоновской» - своего рода разделение труда. Вторая начинает дело, ритуализируя движения, обеспечивающие эффективную «связь» компаньонов во взаимодействиях, ключевых для данного... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29153207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Между классической (тинбергеновской) ритуализацией и «благосклоновской» - своего рода разделение труда. Вторая начинает дело, ритуализируя движения, обеспечивающие эффективную «связь» компаньонов во взаимодействиях, ключевых для данного вида, превращает прямое действие в пантомиму, чем даёт предпосылки использования его не только как действия, но также барьера для непосредственного сближения участников, важного для снятия стресса, и скоординированности их действий в адрес друг друга, вроде клевков и копуляций. Первая «продолжает работу» на другом уровне – формы демонстрации в целом, а не отдельного телодвижения, увеличивая сопряжённость исполнения всех движений координации. Так форма каждой демонстрации из k фигурирующих в данном контексте делается уникальной, неповторимой, а «пантомима» обращается в знак.<br /><br />А сопряжение «тинбергеновской» концепции с «благосклоновской» разумно изменяет представления о характере отбора на ритуализацию. Классические этологи видели его движущим – более «вычурные» и «неестественные»  телодвижения, более экспрессивные их комбинации «лучше». На деле же этот отбор стабилизрующий – он поддерживает не более ритуализованные, а «типичные» формы демонстраций, устойчиво воспроизводимые отправителем и устойчиво распознаваемые реципиентам вопреки множеству «помех», созданных конкурентным характером взаимодействия обоих и растущих по ходу взаимодействия. И «ритуализация по Благосклонову» объясняет, почему так получается – отбор на большую «сцепленность» партнёров в ключевом акте территориального или брачного взаимодействия воленс-ноленс типизирует все прочие демонстрации, обмен которыми предваряет появление этого акта и устойчиво ведёт к нему, несмотря на «помехи».</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29153207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48f9ebc9d17a94ea4fdb569429c24643" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49598262,"asset_id":29153207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49598262/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29153207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29153207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29153207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29153207", }); 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Вторая начинает дело, ритуализируя движения, обеспечивающие эффективную «связь» компаньонов во взаимодействиях, ключевых для данного вида, превращает прямое действие в пантомиму, чем даёт предпосылки использования его не только как действия, но также барьера для непосредственного сближения участников, важного для снятия стресса, и скоординированности их действий в адрес друг друга, вроде клевков и копуляций. Первая «продолжает работу» на другом уровне – формы демонстрации в целом, а не отдельного телодвижения, увеличивая сопряжённость исполнения всех движений координации. Так форма каждой демонстрации из k фигурирующих в данном контексте делается уникальной, неповторимой, а «пантомима» обращается в знак.\n\nА сопряжение «тинбергеновской» концепции с «благосклоновской» разумно изменяет представления о характере отбора на ритуализацию. Классические этологи видели его движущим – более «вычурные» и «неестественные» телодвижения, более экспрессивные их комбинации «лучше». На деле же этот отбор стабилизрующий – он поддерживает не более ритуализованные, а «типичные» формы демонстраций, устойчиво воспроизводимые отправителем и устойчиво распознаваемые реципиентам вопреки множеству «помех», созданных конкурентным характером взаимодействия обоих и растущих по ходу взаимодействия. И «ритуализация по Благосклонову» объясняет, почему так получается – отбор на большую «сцепленность» партнёров в ключевом акте территориального или брачного взаимодействия воленс-ноленс типизирует все прочие демонстрации, обмен которыми предваряет появление этого акта и устойчиво ведёт к нему, несмотря на «помехи».","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49598262,"asset_id":29153207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":46474,"name":"Territoriality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Territoriality?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":126902,"name":"Courtship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courtship?f_ri=124397"},{"id":289316,"name":"Ritualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritualization?f_ri=124397"},{"id":328999,"name":"Animal Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":478678,"name":"Ritualisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritualisation?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25366122" data-work_id="25366122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25366122/Assessment_of_predation_risk_through_referential_communication_in_incubating_birds">Assessment of predation risk through referential communication in incubating birds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Parents of many bird species produce alarm calls when they approach and deter a nest predator in order to defend their offspring. Alarm calls have been shown to warn nestlings about predatory threats, but parents also face a similar risk... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25366122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Parents of many bird species produce alarm calls when they approach and deter a nest predator in order to defend their offspring. Alarm calls have been shown to warn nestlings about predatory threats, but parents also face a similar risk of predation when incubating eggs in their nests. Here, I show that incubating female Japanese great tits, Parus minor, assess predation risk by conspecific alarm calls given outside the nest cavity. Tits produce acoustically discrete alarm calls for different nest predators: " jar " calls for snakes and " chicka " calls for other predators such as crows and martens. Playback experiments revealed that incubating females responded to " jar " calls by leaving their nest, whereas they responded to " chicka " calls by looking out of the nest entrance. Since snakes invade the nest cavity, escaping from the nest helps females avoid snake predation. In contrast, " chicka " calls are used for a variety of predator types, and therefore, looking out of the nest entrance helps females gather information about the type and location of approaching predators. These results show that incubating females derive information about predator type from different types of alarm calls, providing a novel example of functionally referential communication. Predation is a significant and unpredictable event that reduces the breeding success of most birds 1,2 , many of which produce alarm calls in response to approaching nest predators in an attempt to defend their offspring 3,4. Previous research has primarily focused on parent-nestling communication in which parent birds use alarm calls when predators are present to communicate this threat to nestlings 4. Nestlings typically respond to alarm calls by suppressing their begging calls 5–7 , and this prevents predators from detecting the exact location of the nest 8. In several bird species, the acoustic structure of alarm calls varies with the type of nest predator 9,10 , and this variation may be used to elicit different anti-predator behaviours in nestlings 11. These calls are considered functionally referential signals 12,13 , because they convey information about predator type to conspecific receivers. Functionally referential communication may also be advantageous for breeding parents during the egg-laying and incubation stages. For example, yellow warblers, Dendroica petechia, produce " seet " calls when they detect a brood-parasitic cowbird during the egg-laying period 14 , and females react with a unique response that prevents brood parasitism, i.e., they rush back to and sit tightly on their nests 15. Since other types of alarm calls do not elicit such nest protection behaviours in females 14,15 , the " seet " calls are considered functionally referential signals that warn females of the presence of a cowbird. During incubation periods, alarm calls are commonly produced in response to nest predators that prey on eggs 9,16 , but it is not clear whether these calls provide specific information about predator type to parents. If nests face multiple nest predators that differ in their ability to access and prey on eggs, selection may favour incubating parents that use distinct anti-predator behaviours to defend their eggs. While nest predators mainly prey on eggs during the incubation stage, they often attack and prey on incubating adults that stay in their nests 17–19. Therefore, nest predators may also select for different avoidance behaviours in incubating birds. One species whose nests face a variety of predators is the Japanese great tit,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25366122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48d29a0ea88f95a9a1fa1cbf6e1da383" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45666315,"asset_id":25366122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45666315/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40704453" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ToshitakaSuzuki">Toshitaka Suzuki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40704453" type="text/json">{"id":40704453,"first_name":"Toshitaka","last_name":"Suzuki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ToshitakaSuzuki","display_name":"Toshitaka Suzuki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ToshitakaSuzuki?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40704453/11085680/12371071/s65_toshitaka.suzuki.jpg_oh_4616a741fd79dcbd3551c8bc5e41d4d4_oe_5708b18e"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25366122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25366122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25366122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25366122", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25366122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25366122").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25366122").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25366122"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22675" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds_Ecology_">Birds (Ecology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22675" type="text/json">{"id":22675,"name":"Birds (Ecology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds_Ecology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology">Behavioral Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25730" type="text/json">{"id":25730,"name":"Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25366122]'), work: {"id":25366122,"title":"Assessment of predation risk through referential communication in incubating birds","created_at":"2016-05-16T08:41:27.786-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25366122/Assessment_of_predation_risk_through_referential_communication_in_incubating_birds?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_25366122","summary":"Parents of many bird species produce alarm calls when they approach and deter a nest predator in order to defend their offspring. Alarm calls have been shown to warn nestlings about predatory threats, but parents also face a similar risk of predation when incubating eggs in their nests. Here, I show that incubating female Japanese great tits, Parus minor, assess predation risk by conspecific alarm calls given outside the nest cavity. Tits produce acoustically discrete alarm calls for different nest predators: \" jar \" calls for snakes and \" chicka \" calls for other predators such as crows and martens. Playback experiments revealed that incubating females responded to \" jar \" calls by leaving their nest, whereas they responded to \" chicka \" calls by looking out of the nest entrance. Since snakes invade the nest cavity, escaping from the nest helps females avoid snake predation. In contrast, \" chicka \" calls are used for a variety of predator types, and therefore, looking out of the nest entrance helps females gather information about the type and location of approaching predators. These results show that incubating females derive information about predator type from different types of alarm calls, providing a novel example of functionally referential communication. Predation is a significant and unpredictable event that reduces the breeding success of most birds 1,2 , many of which produce alarm calls in response to approaching nest predators in an attempt to defend their offspring 3,4. Previous research has primarily focused on parent-nestling communication in which parent birds use alarm calls when predators are present to communicate this threat to nestlings 4. Nestlings typically respond to alarm calls by suppressing their begging calls 5–7 , and this prevents predators from detecting the exact location of the nest 8. In several bird species, the acoustic structure of alarm calls varies with the type of nest predator 9,10 , and this variation may be used to elicit different anti-predator behaviours in nestlings 11. These calls are considered functionally referential signals 12,13 , because they convey information about predator type to conspecific receivers. Functionally referential communication may also be advantageous for breeding parents during the egg-laying and incubation stages. For example, yellow warblers, Dendroica petechia, produce \" seet \" calls when they detect a brood-parasitic cowbird during the egg-laying period 14 , and females react with a unique response that prevents brood parasitism, i.e., they rush back to and sit tightly on their nests 15. Since other types of alarm calls do not elicit such nest protection behaviours in females 14,15 , the \" seet \" calls are considered functionally referential signals that warn females of the presence of a cowbird. During incubation periods, alarm calls are commonly produced in response to nest predators that prey on eggs 9,16 , but it is not clear whether these calls provide specific information about predator type to parents. If nests face multiple nest predators that differ in their ability to access and prey on eggs, selection may favour incubating parents that use distinct anti-predator behaviours to defend their eggs. While nest predators mainly prey on eggs during the incubation stage, they often attack and prey on incubating adults that stay in their nests 17–19. Therefore, nest predators may also select for different avoidance behaviours in incubating birds. One species whose nests face a variety of predators is the Japanese great tit,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45666315,"asset_id":25366122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40704453,"first_name":"Toshitaka","last_name":"Suzuki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ToshitakaSuzuki","display_name":"Toshitaka Suzuki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ToshitakaSuzuki?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40704453/11085680/12371071/s65_toshitaka.suzuki.jpg_oh_4616a741fd79dcbd3551c8bc5e41d4d4_oe_5708b18e"}],"research_interests":[{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22675,"name":"Birds (Ecology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds_Ecology_?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":25730,"name":"Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11393517" data-work_id="11393517" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11393517/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_2015_">Три антропоморфизма (2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Выделены три вида антропоморфизма, присутствующие в этологических исследованиях уподобления, положения и противопоставления. Обсуждаются примеры их проявления в исследованиях сигналов и механизмов коммуникации у птиц, реконструкции... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11393517" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Выделены три вида антропоморфизма, присутствующие в этологических исследованиях уподобления, положения и противопоставления. Обсуждаются примеры их проявления в исследованиях сигналов и механизмов коммуникации у птиц, реконструкции видового репертуара демонстраций и определении их функциональной роли, а также различия в их источниках и характере влияния на результаты. <br />Показано, что первый вид до некоторой степени неизбежен и на первом шаге реконструкции системы коммуникации вида может быть продуктивен, но лишь в случае, если замечен отбрасывается на втором. <br />Показано, что наибольший вред сейчас несёт А. противопоставления, вызванный случаем, когда этологи его <br />гонят в дверь, а он лезет в окно. Первые два вида антропоморфизма ведут к ложным положительным <br />суждениям о поведении животных, этот к ложному отрицанию, обуславливающему шоры вместо фантомов. </div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11393517" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1bbedafeb65e0f8fb6ec755dab08513f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36952129,"asset_id":11393517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36952129/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11393517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11393517"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11393517, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11393517", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11393517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11393517; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11393517"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11393517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11393517"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11393517; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11393517]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11393517").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11393517").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11393517"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4316" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4316" type="text/json">{"id":4316,"name":"Sociobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11393517]'), work: {"id":11393517,"title":"Три антропоморфизма (2015)","created_at":"2015-03-12T09:09:32.821-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11393517/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_2015_?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_11393517","summary":"Выделены три вида антропоморфизма, присутствующие в этологических исследованиях уподобления, положения и противопоставления. Обсуждаются примеры их проявления в исследованиях сигналов и механизмов коммуникации у птиц, реконструкции видового репертуара демонстраций и определении их функциональной роли, а также различия в их источниках и характере влияния на результаты. \r\nПоказано, что первый вид до некоторой степени неизбежен и на первом шаге реконструкции системы коммуникации вида может быть продуктивен, но лишь в случае, если замечен отбрасывается на втором. \r\nПоказано, что наибольший вред сейчас несёт А. противопоставления, вызванный случаем, когда этологи его\r\nгонят в дверь, а он лезет в окно. Первые два вида антропоморфизма ведут к ложным положительным \r\nсуждениям о поведении животных, этот к ложному отрицанию, обуславливающему шоры вместо фантомов. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36952129,"asset_id":11393517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":4316,"name":"Sociobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociobiology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397"},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates?f_ri=124397"},{"id":71495,"name":"Costly Signalling (Evolutionary Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costly_Signalling_Evolutionary_Psychology_?f_ri=124397"},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"},{"id":129897,"name":"Antropogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropogenesis?f_ri=124397"},{"id":173032,"name":"Glottogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glottogenesis?f_ri=124397"},{"id":222758,"name":"Great Apes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Apes?f_ri=124397"},{"id":328999,"name":"Animal Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1571638" data-work_id="1571638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1571638/Food_associated_vocalizations_in_mammals_and_birds_what_do_these_calls_really_mean">Food-associated vocalizations in mammals and birds: what do these calls really mean?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alarm calls and food-associated calls from a diverse range of species are said to be functionally refer- 68 ential, in that receivers can use these sounds to predict environmental events in the absence of other 69 contextual cues. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1571638" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alarm calls and food-associated calls from a diverse range of species are said to be functionally refer- 68 ential, in that receivers can use these sounds to predict environmental events in the absence of other 69 contextual cues. The evolutionary driver for referential alarm calls has been hypothesized to be the 70 mutually incompatible escape behaviours required to avoid different predators. However, some species 71 produce acoustically distinctive and referential alarm calls but do not show highly referential abilities in 72 other domains. We examined whether food-associated calls in many species are likely to be functionally 73 referential and whether they specifically communicate about characteristic features of food. Food- 74 associated calls are given in both feeding and nonfeeding contexts, and the types of information con- 75 tained vary greatly. Most species do not produce unique calls for different foods; more common is 76 variation in the call rate, which suggests that call structure reflects the callers’ internal state rather than 77 the food type. We also examined the ultimate function of food-associated calls to evaluate whether there <br />is a unifying explanation for the evolution of functionally referential food calls. Based on the literature, 78 there does not appear to be a unifying function. In conclusion, while functionally referential food- 79 associated calls have been convincingly demonstrated in a few species, it is more common for these 80 vocalizations to reflect arousal rather than additionally providing specific referential information about 81 the feeding event. At this point, there is no compelling hypothesis to explain the evolution of functionally 82 referential food-associated calls. Given the multiple functions of food-associated signals, we should not 83 expect a unitary explanation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1571638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bec48a83cdacdece49ad0d1deb2c732" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30865405,"asset_id":1571638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30865405/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1233492" href="https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith">K-lynn Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1233492" type="text/json">{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1571638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1571638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1571638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1571638", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1571638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1571638; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1571638"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1571638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1571638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1571638; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1571638]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1571638").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1571638").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1571638"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1571638]'), work: {"id":1571638,"title":"Food-associated vocalizations in mammals and birds: what do these calls really mean?","created_at":"2012-05-18T11:02:21.554-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1571638/Food_associated_vocalizations_in_mammals_and_birds_what_do_these_calls_really_mean?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_1571638","summary":"Alarm calls and food-associated calls from a diverse range of species are said to be functionally refer- 68 ential, in that receivers can use these sounds to predict environmental events in the absence of other 69 contextual cues. The evolutionary driver for referential alarm calls has been hypothesized to be the 70 mutually incompatible escape behaviours required to avoid different predators. However, some species 71 produce acoustically distinctive and referential alarm calls but do not show highly referential abilities in 72 other domains. We examined whether food-associated calls in many species are likely to be functionally 73 referential and whether they specifically communicate about characteristic features of food. Food- 74 associated calls are given in both feeding and nonfeeding contexts, and the types of information con- 75 tained vary greatly. Most species do not produce unique calls for different foods; more common is 76 variation in the call rate, which suggests that call structure reflects the callers’ internal state rather than 77 the food type. We also examined the ultimate function of food-associated calls to evaluate whether there\r\nis a unifying explanation for the evolution of functionally referential food calls. Based on the literature, 78 there does not appear to be a unifying function. In conclusion, while functionally referential food- 79 associated calls have been convincingly demonstrated in a few species, it is more common for these 80 vocalizations to reflect arousal rather than additionally providing specific referential information about 81 the feeding event. At this point, there is no compelling hypothesis to explain the evolution of functionally 82 referential food-associated calls. Given the multiple functions of food-associated signals, we should not 83 expect a unitary explanation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30865405,"asset_id":1571638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1425684" data-work_id="1425684" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1425684/Silent_tidbitting_in_male_fowl_Gallus_gallus_a_referential_visual_signal_with_multiple_functions">Silent tidbitting in male fowl, Gallus gallus: a referential visual signal with multiple functions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With the notable exception of bee dances, there are no established examples of multimodal referential signals. The food calls of male fowl, Gallus gallus, are functionally referential and the acoustic component of a multimodal display.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1425684" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With the notable exception of bee dances, there are no established examples of multimodal referential signals. The food calls of male fowl, Gallus gallus, are functionally referential and the acoustic component of a multimodal display. However, the specificity of the receiver's response to the visual component (tidbitting) has never been tested. Here we provide the first detailed analysis of tidbitting, and test the hypothesis that these characteristic movements are functionally referential. We conducted a playback experiment with five high-definition video stimuli: Silent tidbit, Matched-frequency motion in the opposite direction, Silent crows, Inactive male and Empty cage. Females searched for food more during Silent tidbitting than under any other condition, suggesting that this visual display specifically predicts the presence of food and hence has similar functional properties to food calls. Silent tidbitting was also singularly effective at evoking approach and close inspection, which may enhance signal memorability. These social responses suggest that the visual component of the display has the unique function of triggering assessment of signaler identity and quality as a potential mate. The acoustic and visual components are hence redundant as a food signal, but synergistic when additional functions are considered. These findings emphasize the perceptual complexity of multimodal displays and provide the first demonstration of multimodal referential signaling in a vertebrate.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1425684" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="750e2ab87189c3d4841efc2881b1c13c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":10088695,"asset_id":1425684,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/10088695/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1233492" href="https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith">K-lynn Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1233492" type="text/json">{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1425684 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1425684"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1425684, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1425684", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1425684 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1425684; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1425684"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1425684 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1425684"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1425684; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1425684]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1425684").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1425684").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1425684"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1425684]'), work: {"id":1425684,"title":"Silent tidbitting in male fowl, Gallus gallus: a referential visual signal with multiple functions","created_at":"2012-02-22T11:33:58.855-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1425684/Silent_tidbitting_in_male_fowl_Gallus_gallus_a_referential_visual_signal_with_multiple_functions?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_1425684","summary":"With the notable exception of bee dances, there are no established examples of multimodal referential signals. The food calls of male fowl, Gallus gallus, are functionally referential and the acoustic component of a multimodal display. However, the specificity of the receiver's response to the visual component (tidbitting) has never been tested. Here we provide the first detailed analysis of tidbitting, and test the hypothesis that these characteristic movements are functionally referential. We conducted a playback experiment with five high-definition video stimuli: Silent tidbit, Matched-frequency motion in the opposite direction, Silent crows, Inactive male and Empty cage. Females searched for food more during Silent tidbitting than under any other condition, suggesting that this visual display specifically predicts the presence of food and hence has similar functional properties to food calls. Silent tidbitting was also singularly effective at evoking approach and close inspection, which may enhance signal memorability. These social responses suggest that the visual component of the display has the unique function of triggering assessment of signaler identity and quality as a potential mate. The acoustic and visual components are hence redundant as a food signal, but synergistic when additional functions are considered. These findings emphasize the perceptual complexity of multimodal displays and provide the first demonstration of multimodal referential signaling in a vertebrate.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":10088695,"asset_id":1425684,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1425685" data-work_id="1425685" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1425685/Tactical_multimodal_signalling_in_birds_facultative_variation_in_signal_modality_reveals_sensitivity_to_social_costs">Tactical multimodal signalling in birds: facultative variation in signal modality reveals sensitivity to social costs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The presence of eavesdroppers within a communication network can increase the costs associated with signalling. Hence, selection should favour the ability to vary signal structure with social context. One possible mechanism is the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1425685" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The presence of eavesdroppers within a communication network can increase the costs associated with signalling. Hence, selection should favour the ability to vary signal structure with social context. One possible mechanism is the flexible combination of the components that form a multimodal signal. This phenomenon clearly occurs in social mammals, particularly primates, and has been identified as one of the foundation elements for the evolution of complex communication. However, this flexibility in signal component composition in relation to social context has not previously been demonstrated in other taxa. Here we show that subordinate male fowl, Gallus gallus, show facultative variation in the structure of their multimodal signals. Intriguingly, signallers were not sensitive to the behaviour of the intended receivers (hens) but rather to the attentional state of eavesdropping rival males. Subordinates switched from multimodal displays (movements and calls) to unimodal (silent) displays when the alpha male was attentive. Unimodal and multimodal displays had equivalent efficacy in attracting hens, but multimodal signals were associated with more rapid approach by the alpha male and increased probability of severe attack. Variation in signal type is hence driven by social costs. This is the first demonstration of facultative multimodal signalling in birds. Ó</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1425685" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bc94471601c34b2e1bf618936f9c2ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":10088650,"asset_id":1425685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/10088650/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1233492" href="https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith">K-lynn Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1233492" type="text/json">{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1425685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1425685"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1425685, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1425685", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1425685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1425685").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1425685").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1425685"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9070" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals">Social behavior in animals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9070" type="text/json">{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition">Animal Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11347" type="text/json">{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1425685]'), work: {"id":1425685,"title":"Tactical multimodal signalling in birds: facultative variation in signal modality reveals sensitivity to social costs","created_at":"2012-02-22T11:33:58.906-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1425685/Tactical_multimodal_signalling_in_birds_facultative_variation_in_signal_modality_reveals_sensitivity_to_social_costs?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_1425685","summary":"The presence of eavesdroppers within a communication network can increase the costs associated with signalling. Hence, selection should favour the ability to vary signal structure with social context. One possible mechanism is the flexible combination of the components that form a multimodal signal. This phenomenon clearly occurs in social mammals, particularly primates, and has been identified as one of the foundation elements for the evolution of complex communication. However, this flexibility in signal component composition in relation to social context has not previously been demonstrated in other taxa. Here we show that subordinate male fowl, Gallus gallus, show facultative variation in the structure of their multimodal signals. Intriguingly, signallers were not sensitive to the behaviour of the intended receivers (hens) but rather to the attentional state of eavesdropping rival males. Subordinates switched from multimodal displays (movements and calls) to unimodal (silent) displays when the alpha male was attentive. Unimodal and multimodal displays had equivalent efficacy in attracting hens, but multimodal signals were associated with more rapid approach by the alpha male and increased probability of severe attack. Variation in signal type is hence driven by social costs. This is the first demonstration of facultative multimodal signalling in birds. Ó","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":10088650,"asset_id":1425685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27634625" data-work_id="27634625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27634625/Referential_signalling_in_birds_The_past_present_and_future">Referential signalling in birds: The past, present and future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many species produce specific signals in response to environmental events. The specificity of these signals allows receivers to react appropriately to the event in the absence of other contextual cues. These functionally referential... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27634625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many species produce specific signals in response to environmental events. The specificity of these signals allows receivers to react appropriately to the event in the absence of other contextual cues. These functionally referential signals can be auditory, visual or multimodal and occur in anti-predator, food and social cohesion contexts. In birds, acoustic signals used in anti-predator defence are the most often studied. However, several species of bird produce functionally referential signals in other modalities, including gestures, and in other contexts, including food and social contact. The prevalence of functionally referential visual or multimodal signals may be underestimated. More research using innovative techniques is needed to test these signals. Food calls, particularly those produced during food provisioning, also require further study and may shed light on the ontogeny of food signals. Comparative studies across closely related species of birds may also reveal differences in the development of functionally referential compared to motivational signals. Taken all together, the type of research into functionally referential signals suggested herein will likely further our understanding of the ecological, social and physiological pressures that have shaped communication in birds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27634625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1233492" href="https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith">K-lynn Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1233492" type="text/json">{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27634625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27634625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27634625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27634625", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27634625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27634625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27634625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27634625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition">Animal Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11347" type="text/json">{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication">Animal communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28378" type="text/json">{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals">Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124397" type="text/json">{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27634625]'), work: {"id":27634625,"title":"Referential signalling in birds: The past, present and future","created_at":"2016-08-08T17:49:03.146-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27634625/Referential_signalling_in_birds_The_past_present_and_future?f_ri=124397","dom_id":"work_27634625","summary":" Many species produce specific signals in response to environmental events. The specificity of these signals allows receivers to react appropriately to the event in the absence of other contextual cues. These functionally referential signals can be auditory, visual or multimodal and occur in anti-predator, food and social cohesion contexts. In birds, acoustic signals used in anti-predator defence are the most often studied. However, several species of bird produce functionally referential signals in other modalities, including gestures, and in other contexts, including food and social contact. The prevalence of functionally referential visual or multimodal signals may be underestimated. More research using innovative techniques is needed to test these signals. Food calls, particularly those produced during food provisioning, also require further study and may shed light on the ontogeny of food signals. Comparative studies across closely related species of birds may also reveal differences in the development of functionally referential compared to motivational signals. Taken all together, the type of research into functionally referential signals suggested herein will likely further our understanding of the ecological, social and physiological pressures that have shaped communication in birds.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1233492,"first_name":"K-lynn","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KlynnSmith","display_name":"K-lynn Smith","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KlynnSmith?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233492/2859782/3339799/s65_k-lynn.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18411796" data-work_id="18411796" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18411796/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%A7_3_2009_">Коммуникация животных: от стимула к символу. Ч.3. (2009)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18411796" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c1cd8e8fefe0b1fc18f1513a3fe909b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40049885,"asset_id":18411796,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40049885/download_file?st=MTczMzkyMTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404368" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann">Vladimir Friedmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404368" type="text/json">{"id":8404368,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Friedmann","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"VladimirFriedmann","display_name":"Vladimir Friedmann","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/VladimirFriedmann?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8404368/2846982/14456356/s65_vladimir.friedmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18411796 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18411796"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18411796, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18411796", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18411796]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18411796").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18411796").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18411796"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9070" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals">Social behavior in animals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9070" type="text/json">{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18411796]'), work: {"id":18411796,"title":"Коммуникация животных: от стимула к символу. Ч.3. 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Despite significant advancements, however, developments in the field of complex animal signaling remain predominantly taxon-specific. Progress... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15194106" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Why animal displays are so complex and how they have evolved are active foci of research. Despite significant advancements, however, developments in the field of complex animal signaling remain predominantly taxon-specific. Progress towards a unified understanding of complex communication is constrained by the near universal adoption of a linear one-signal-to-one-function framework of categorization. We highlight the non-linear nature of animal communication and propose that integrating systems approaches and thinking can unify and advance animal communication research. A systems approach to animal communication considers the dynamic functions and interactions of signal components across display compositions, contexts, and/or time and importantly introduces concepts of system design principles such as modularity and degeneracy. We place a special emphasis on the previously overlooked concept of degeneracy (different structure/ similar function) as distinct from redundancy (same structure/ same function). Using systems terminology to quantify and analyze signal design patterns will facilitate specific and testable predictions regarding signal robustness and/or evolvability.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15194106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="249320" href="https://mq.academia.edu/PaulMason">Paul Mason</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="249320" type="text/json">{"id":249320,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Mason","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"PaulMason","display_name":"Paul Mason","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/PaulMason?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/249320/53731/30036580/s65_paul.mason.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15194106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15194106"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15194106, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15194106", }); 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Despite significant advancements, however, developments in the field of complex animal signaling remain predominantly taxon-specific. Progress towards a unified understanding of complex communication is constrained by the near universal adoption of a linear one-signal-to-one-function framework of categorization. We highlight the non-linear nature of animal communication and propose that integrating systems approaches and thinking can unify and advance animal communication research. A systems approach to animal communication considers the dynamic functions and interactions of signal components across display compositions, contexts, and/or time and importantly introduces concepts of system design principles such as modularity and degeneracy. We place a special emphasis on the previously overlooked concept of degeneracy (different structure/ similar function) as distinct from redundancy (same structure/ same function). Using systems terminology to quantify and analyze signal design patterns will facilitate specific and testable predictions regarding signal robustness and/or evolvability. ","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":249320,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Mason","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"PaulMason","display_name":"Paul Mason","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/PaulMason?f_ri=124397","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/249320/53731/30036580/s65_paul.mason.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":40587,"name":"Degeneracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degeneracy?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false},{"id":124397,"name":"Animal Behaviour, Communication, Referential Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_Communication_Referential_Signals?f_ri=124397","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9909056" data-work_id="9909056" 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