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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> In most jurisdictions, <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prison</a> <a href="/wiki/Inmate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inmate">inmates</a> are forbidden from possessing <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a> due to their ability to communicate with the outside world and other security issues. Mobile phones are one of the most <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggled</a> items into prisons. They provide inmates the ability to make and receive unauthorized phone calls, send <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> and <a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messages</a>, use <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, and follow news pertaining to their case, among other forbidden uses.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasons_cell_phones_are_prohibited">Reasons cell phones are prohibited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phones_in_prison&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reasons cell phones are prohibited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Security concerns are often cited for why cell-phones are prohibited in prisons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cellphones in prisons have been used to organize work stoppages for prison labor between prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forced <a href="/wiki/Penal_labor_in_the_United_States" title="Penal labor in the United States">penal labor in the United States</a> is a common practice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the United States, prison phone calls represent one of the few ways that prisoners can connect with family and loved ones in the outside world. However, these calls can be prohibitively expensive, a situation which has sparked controversy in light of the fact that they represent a source of profit for private prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have argued that this profit motive plays a key role in cell phone bans in prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods_of_smuggling">Methods of smuggling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phones_in_prison&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methods of smuggling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most mobile phones are smuggled in by <a href="/wiki/Prison_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Prison guard">prison staff</a>, who often do not have to go through security as rigorously as visitors. Security of staff is often less intense because this would be time-consuming on the part of the staff, unionized prison employees are paid for this time, and it would thus increase the overall cost of operations,<sup id="cite_ref-HuffPost_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also, prison staff are often reluctant to diligently search their own co-workers to avoid agitating their colleagues and damaging workplace morale. </p><p>More rarely, mobile phones are smuggled in by visitors, who must undergo tougher security checks, by inmates who are granted temporary leaves of absence, or by outsiders who establish contact with inmates alongside the prison fence and/or deliver them using <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a>. </p><p>Once inside prison walls, the devices end up in the hands of inmates who purchase them with cash, which is also contraband in most prisons. Black market prices vary by prison, and can be up to US$1000.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses_by_prisoners">Uses by prisoners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phones_in_prison&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uses by prisoners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While some prisoners use their mobile devices simply for harmless communication or web browsing, others use them for criminal activity. These may include <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">gang</a> control, <a href="/wiki/Witness_intimidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Witness intimidation">taunting witnesses</a>, planning <a href="/wiki/Prison_escape" title="Prison escape">escapes from custody</a> or arrangement of other serious crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prisoners may also use smart phones to gather intelligence on prison staff and to coordinate clandestine activity within the facility.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Federal prosecutors charged five South Carolina prisoners with conning at least 442 service members out of a total of more than half a million dollars in November 2018. Two other South Carolina prisoners, John William Dobbins and Carl Richard Smith await trial for multiple scams operated using contraband cell phones out of Lee Correctional Institution, including one <a href="/wiki/Catfishing" title="Catfishing">catfishing scam</a> that ended in the suicide of army veteran Jared Johns.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all inmates use mobile phones for harmful purposes. Many inmates use them to hold innocuous conversations with family and friends.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Carolina in September 2012, an inmate using a contraband cell phone alerted authorities about an officer being held hostage, leading to that officer's rescue.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combating_mobile_phones_in_prisons">Combating mobile phones in prisons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phones_in_prison&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Combating mobile phones in prisons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laws have been passed in various jurisdictions, placing penalties on inmates who possess mobile devices as well as staff who smuggle them in. Inmate penalties range from loss of privileges and behavior credits to additional sentencing. Staff penalties range from disciplinary action to job loss to criminal charges.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consideration has been given to using <a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_jammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone jammer">cell phone jammers</a> inside of prison walls to render them ineffective. The practice of jamming cell phone signals is illegal in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Exceptions to this law have been considered for prisons, though there is concern that a cell phone could be a guard's lifeline in a crisis, and other rescuers may need to use them for communication.<sup id="cite_ref-HuffPost_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FBI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some places are using an experimental technology of managed communications that blocks the communications of inmates while continuing to allow that of others.<sup id="cite_ref-HuffPost_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Managed Access System (MAS) technology was first deployed at <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Penitentiary" title="Mississippi State Penitentiary">Mississippi State Penitentiary</a> in 2010 by Tecore Networks.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special dogs have been used to sniff for cell phones coming into prison walls. Mobile phones have a unique scent, and these dogs have been trained to detect it.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One solution would be to enable the correctional facility to automatically detect and locate contraband 2G/3G/4G and WiFi mobile devices thereby enabling the facility staff to confiscate the phone and neutralize the threat completely. </p><p>An automatic 24/7 detect and locate solution such as this bypasses the weaknesses inherent to jamming (e.g., phones of facility workers can be jammed); managed access solutions (surrounding neighborhoods can be affected by the "bleed" from these systems preventing bystanders from making calls and/or not all makes of phones are subject to call intercept); and phone sniffing dogs (this solution only works when the dogs are patrolling). New solutions have been introduced to the market that provide such automated 24/7 detect and locate capabilities. </p><p>Another solution is the use of ferromagnetic cell phone detectors. This technology detects the presence of the ferrous metal components (antenna, vibrator, speaker) that are in cell phones. The reliance is then not on the location of signals, but in the recognition of the physical phone itself which cannot be masked by internalizing or hiding on the person.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Robert Johnson, a prison guard at Lee Correctional Institution in Bishopville, South Carolina, was shot six times by a gunman hired by an inmate using a contraband cell phone. In 2013, the FCC suggested prisons be allowed to manage cell phone network access which would allow only authorized phones to access the network. However, the movement did not pass.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Honduras">government of Honduras</a> enacted legislation mandating that the cellular providers in Honduras block their own signals at the nine national prisons throughout the country, in order to eliminate the extortion and kidnapping schemes that were being run by inmates within the prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-Latribuna_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latribuna-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, prison guards Romero Nobrega in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> found a <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a> that was used to smuggle cell phones into the prison. Four phones, four chargers and seven cards were found on it, and the prison administration carried out an unsuccessful search.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Ireland, 648 phones were smuggled into jails in 2016, despite heightened security measures.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, it was announced that American company Securus Technologies had developed and invested more than $40 million in "Wireless Containment Solutions", which create a local cellular network inside a prison which require all phones on the network to be screened and approved.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, 20,000 mobile phones and sim cards were recovered as prison contraband in 2016. In 2017, a prison in Bristol added telephones and computers which were not connected to the internet into the prison cells in an attempt to combat illegal mobile phone usage.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK Parliament passed a law which would allow mobile phone operators to jam cell phone signals in prisons later that year. The legislation also enabled prison officers to use devices which detect mobile phone usage.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, jails in Scotland implemented plans to block active phones within prisons through network monitoring.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2013 and 2017, 1,500 mobile phones or component parts were found in Scottish prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phones_in_prison&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2012/10/17/smuggled-cellphones-a-growing-problem-in-california-prisons/">"Smuggled cellphones a growing problem in California Prisons"</a>. <i>CBS</i>. 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/frontpage/2007/06/27/Inmates-giving-cell-phone-new-meaning-use-toilets-to-talk/stories/200706270307">Inmates giving cell phone new meaning, use toilets to talk</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327132959/http://www.post-gazette.com/frontpage/2007/06/27/Inmates-giving-cell-phone-new-meaning-use-toilets-to-talk/stories/200706270307">Archive</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i>. June 27, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Incarceration" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Incarceration" title="Template:Incarceration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Incarceration" title="Template talk:Incarceration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Incarceration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Incarceration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Incarceration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imprisonment" title="Imprisonment">Incarceration</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">Criminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penology" title="Penology">Penology</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_healthcare" title="Prison healthcare">Prison healthcare</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">Punishment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment" title="Stanford prison experiment">Stanford prison experiment</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner" title="Prisoner">Prisoners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Convict" title="Convict">Convict</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Criminal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detention_(imprisonment)" title="Detention (imprisonment)">Detainee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hostage" title="Hostage">Hostage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">Political prisoner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_conscience" title="Prisoner of conscience">Prisoner of conscience</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">Prisoner of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slave</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">Prisons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">Black site</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corrective_labor_colony" title="Corrective labor colony">Corrective labor colony</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debtors%27_prison" title="Debtors' prison">Debtors'</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_farm" title="Prison farm">Farm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_island" title="Prison island">Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">Labor camp</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_battalion" title="Labour battalion">Battalion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chain_gang" title="Chain gang">Chain gang</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_prison" title="Military prison">Military</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">Penal colony</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">Prisoner-of-war camp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Private_prison" title="Private prison">Private</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_ship" title="Prison ship">Ship</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Youth_detention_center" title="Youth detention center">Youth detention center</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Security levels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">House arrest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_detention" title="Administrative detention">Administrative detention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_prison" title="Open prison">Open</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison#Security_levels" title="Prison">Maximum security</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supermax_prison" title="Supermax prison">Supermax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_row" title="Death row">Death row</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_cell" title="Prison cell">Cell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_cemetery" title="Prison cemetery">Cemetery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_commissary" title="Prison commissary">Commissary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_food" title="Prison food">Food</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_library" title="Prison library">Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_nursery" title="Prison nursery">Nursery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_officer" title="Prison officer">Officer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sally_port" title="Sally port">Sally port</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trusty_system_(prison)" title="Trusty system (prison)">Trusty system</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_warden" title="Prison warden">Warden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prison_escape" title="Prison escape">Escape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prison_escapes" title="List of prison escapes">Prison escapes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_helicopter_prison_escapes" title="List of helicopter prison escapes">Helicopter</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisoner-of-war_escapes" title="List of prisoner-of-war escapes">Prisoner-of-war escapes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_art" title="Prison art">Art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_gang" title="Prison gang">Gang</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_gangs_in_the_United_States" title="Prison gangs in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_literature" title="Prison literature">Literature</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_prison_literature" title="American prison literature">American</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_ring" title="Prison ring">Ring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_slang" title="Prison slang">Slang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_tattooing" title="Prison tattooing">Tattooing</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Abuse</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoner abuse in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_contemplative_programs" title="Prison contemplative programs">Contemplative programs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_education" title="Prison education">Education</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jailhouse_informants" class="mw-redirect" title="Jailhouse informants">Informants</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_prison" title="LGBTQ people in prison">LGBTQ</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mentally_ill_people_in_United_States_jails_and_prisons" title="Mentally ill people in United States jails and prisons">Mentally ill people in the United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mobile phones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pay-to-stay_(imprisonment)" title="Pay-to-stay (imprisonment)">Pay-to-stay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Prison overcrowding</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_overcrowding_in_the_United_States" title="Prison overcrowding in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Private_prison" title="Private prison">Private prisons</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States#Privatization" title="Incarceration in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protective_custody" title="Protective custody">Protective custody</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_rape" title="Prison rape">Rape</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_rape_in_the_United_States" title="Prison rape in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_religion" title="Prison religion">Religion</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_United_States_prisons" title="Religion in United States prisons">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_riot" title="Prison riot">Riots</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_sexuality" title="Prison sexuality">Sexuality</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solitary_confinement" title="Solitary confinement">Solitary confinement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_strike" title="Prison strike">Strikes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_suicide" title="Prisoner suicide">Suicide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_violence" title="Prison violence">Violence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_of_women" title="Incarceration of women">Women in prison</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration of women in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Protection_and_Assistance_of_the_Convicted" title="Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted">Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted</a> (Brazil)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_and_Pink" title="Black and Pink">Black and Pink</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Justice_Institute" title="Florida Justice Institute">Florida Justice Institute</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Network_of_Prison_Ministries" title="International Network of Prison Ministries">International Network of Prison Ministries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Justice_Action" title="Justice Action">Justice Action</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Justice_Defenders" title="Justice Defenders">Justice Defenders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tamalpais_College" title="Mount Tamalpais College">Mount Tamalpais College</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/POA_(trade_union)" title="POA (trade union)">POA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_abolition_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Prison abolition movement">Prison abolition movement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_Advice_and_Care_Trust" title="Prison Advice and Care Trust">Prison Advice and Care Trust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison-Ashram_Project" title="Prison-Ashram Project">Prison-Ashram Project</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_Fellowship" title="Prison Fellowship">Prison Fellowship</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_Fellowship_International" title="Prison Fellowship International">Prison Fellowship International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Prison_Legal_News" title="Prison Legal News">Prison Legal News</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_Officers%27_Association_(Ireland)" title="Prison Officers' Association (Ireland)">Prison Officers' Association (Ireland)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Prison_Phoenix_Trust" title="The Prison Phoenix Trust">The Prison Phoenix Trust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_Radio" title="Prison Radio">Prison Radio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prison_Reform_Trust" title="Prison Reform Trust">Prison Reform Trust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/WriteAPrisoner.com" title="WriteAPrisoner.com">WriteAPrisoner.com</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaving prison</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_(penology)" title="Rehabilitation (penology)">Rehabilitation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Work_release" title="Work release">Work release</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_incarceration_rate" title="List of countries by incarceration rate">Countries by incarceration rate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons" title="List of prisons">Prisons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prison_films" title="List of prison films">Films featuring prisons</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Penal_systems_by_country" title="Category:Penal systems by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punishment_in_Australia" title="Punishment in Australia">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Chile" title="Prisons in Chile">Chile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Estonia" title="Prisons in Estonia">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Germany" title="Prisons in Germany">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Iceland" title="List of prisons in Iceland">Iceland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_India" title="Prisons in India">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Prisons in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland, Republic of</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Jamaica" title="List of prisons in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_of_Japan" title="Penal system of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_New_Zealand" title="List of prisons in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_North_Korea" title="Prisons in North Korea">North Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_Norway" title="Incarceration in Norway">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Penitentiary_Institute_(Peru)" title="National Penitentiary Institute (Peru)">Peru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Russia" title="Prisons in Russia">Russia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisons_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Prisons in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Turkey" title="Prisons in Turkey">Turkey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Ukraine" title="Prisons in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United Kingdom and British overseas territories </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Department_of_Corrections" title="Bermuda Department of Corrections">Bermuda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Prison_Service" title="His Majesty's Prison Service">England and Wales</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Prison_Service" title="Northern Ireland Prison Service">Northern Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prison_Service" title="Scottish Prison Service">Scotland</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Imprisonment_and_detention" title="Category:Imprisonment and detention">Imprisonment and detention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Imprisonment_and_detention" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Imprisonment and detention">Commons</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_phones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_phones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile<br />networks</a>,<br />protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Analogue</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><b>Digital</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br />devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br />specific<br /><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br />and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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