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career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Underground_comics_(1971–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underground_comics_(1971–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Underground comics (1971–1977) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underground_comics_(1971–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raw_and_Maus_(1978–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raw_and_Maus_(1978–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Raw and Maus (1978–1991) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raw_and_Maus_(1978–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_New_Yorker_and_public_legitimacy_(1992–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_Yorker_and_public_legitimacy_(1992–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 The New Yorker and public legitimacy (1992–2001) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_New_Yorker_and_public_legitimacy_(1992–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–September_11_(2001–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–September_11_(2001–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Post–September 11 (2001–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–September_11_(2001–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Style </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Style-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Style subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Influences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Author" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Author"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Author </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Author-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Editor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Art Spiegelman</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86" title="آرت اسپیگلمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرت اسپیگلمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EA%B2%94%EB%A8%BC" title="아트 스피겔먼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아트 스피겔먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%87%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Արտ Շպիգելման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արտ Շպիգելման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="ארט ספיגלמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארט ספיגלמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="アート・スピーゲルマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アート・スピーゲルマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шпигельман, Арт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шпигельман, Арт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Арт Шпигелман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арт Шпигелман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Art Spiegelman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Арт Шпінґельман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арт Шпінґельман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American cartoonist (born 1948)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133510734">.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-title{background-color:#99c2ff}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-foreign-name{font-size:97%}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-label{width:40%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-comics-creator biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Art Spiegelman</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg/220px-Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg/330px-Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg/440px-Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Spiegelman in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201118-1">[1]</a> (1948-02-15) February 15, 1948 (age 76) <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Cartoonist" title="Cartoonist">Cartoonist</a>, Editor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable works</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakdowns_(comics)" title="Breakdowns (comics)">Breakdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_Pail_Kids" title="Garbage Pail Kids">Garbage Pail Kids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a> (m. 1977)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadja_Spiegelman" title="Nadja Spiegelman">Nadja Spiegelman</a></li> <li>Dashiell Spiegelman</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac" title="File:Art spiegelman bbc radio4 bookclub 05 02 2014 b01bkym0.flac">Art Spiegelman's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Art_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Art_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac/Art_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Art_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac/Art_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Art_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AArt_spiegelman_bbc_radio4_bookclub_05_02_2014_b01bkym0.flac&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div> <div class="description">from the BBC programme <a href="/wiki/Bookclub_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookclub (radio)">Bookclub</a>, February 5, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaughtie2012-2">[2]</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈspiːɡəlmən/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SPEE-gəl-mən</a>; born February 15, 1948), professionally known as Art Spiegelman, is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel <a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a>. His work as co-editor on the comics magazines <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(comics_magazine)" title="Arcade (comics magazine)">Arcade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raw_(comics_magazine)" title="Raw (comics magazine)">Raw</a> has been influential, and from 1992 he spent a decade as contributing artist for <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. He is married to designer and editor <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a> and is the father of writer <a href="/wiki/Nadja_Spiegelman" title="Nadja Spiegelman">Nadja Spiegelman</a>. In September 2022, the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a> announced that he would receive the <a href="/wiki/Medal_for_Distinguished_Contribution_to_American_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters">Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Spiegelman began his career with <a href="/wiki/Topps" title="Topps">Topps</a> (a bubblegum and <a href="/wiki/Trading_card" title="Trading card">trading card</a> company) in the mid-1960s, which was his main financial support for two decades; there he co-created parodic series such as <a href="/wiki/Wacky_Packages" title="Wacky Packages">Wacky Packages</a> in the 1960s and <a href="/wiki/Garbage_Pail_Kids" title="Garbage Pail Kids">Garbage Pail Kids</a> in the 1980s. He gained prominence in the <a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">underground comix</a> scene in the 1970s with short, experimental, and often autobiographical work. A selection of these strips appeared in the collection <a href="/wiki/Breakdowns_(comics)" title="Breakdowns (comics)">Breakdowns</a> in 1977, after which Spiegelman turned focus to the book-length <a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a>, about his relationship with his father, a <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> survivor. The postmodern book depicts Germans as cats, Jews as mice, ethnic Poles as pigs, and citizens of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as dogs. It took 13 years to create until its completion in 1991. In 1992 it won a special <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> and has gained a reputation as a pivotal work. Spiegelman and Mouly edited eleven issues of Raw from 1980 to 1991. The oversized comics and graphics magazine helped introduce talents who became prominent in <a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">alternative comics</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burns_(cartoonist)" title="Charles Burns (cartoonist)">Charles Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ware" title="Chris Ware">Chris Ware</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Katchor" title="Ben Katchor">Ben Katchor</a>, and introduced several foreign cartoonists to the English-speaking comics world. Beginning in the 1990s, the couple worked for The New Yorker, which Spiegelman left to work on <a href="/wiki/In_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers" title="In the Shadow of No Towers">In the Shadow of No Towers</a> (2004), about his reaction to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in New York in 2001. Spiegelman advocates for greater comics literacy. As an editor, a teacher, and a lecturer, Spiegelman has promoted better understanding of comics and has mentored younger cartoonists. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_history">Family history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sosnowiec_Ghetto_liquidation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sosnowiec_Ghetto_liquidation.jpg/220px-Sosnowiec_Ghetto_liquidation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sosnowiec_Ghetto_liquidation.jpg/330px-Sosnowiec_Ghetto_liquidation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sosnowiec_Ghetto_liquidation.jpg/440px-Sosnowiec_Ghetto_liquidation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Liquidation at the <a href="/wiki/Sosnowiec_Ghetto" title="Sosnowiec Ghetto">Sosnowiec Ghetto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–45)">occupied Poland</a> during World War II; Spiegelman tells of his parents' survival in <a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a>.</figcaption></figure> Spiegelman's parents were <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Polish Jews</a> Władysław (1906–1982) and Andzia (1912–1968) Spiegelman. His father was born Zeev Spiegelman, with the Hebrew name Zeev ben Avraham. Władysław was his Polish name, and Władek (or Vladek in <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicized</a> form) was a diminutive of this name. He was also known as Wilhelm under <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Poland (1939–45)">the German occupation</a>, and Anglicized his name to William upon immigration to the United States. His mother was born Andzia Zylberberg, with the Hebrew name Hannah. She changed her name to Anna upon immigrating to the United States. In Spiegelman's <a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a>, from which the couple are best known, Spiegelman used the spellings "Vladek" and "Anja", which he believed would be easier for Americans to pronounce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201116-4">[4]</a> The surname Spiegelman is German for "mirror man".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeicholz2008-5">[5]</a> In 1937, the Spiegelmans had one other son, Rysio (spelled "Richieu" in Maus), who died before Art was born,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201118-1">[1]</a> at the age of five or six.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield2005146-6">[6]</a> During the Holocaust, Spiegelman's parents sent Rysio to <a href="/wiki/Zawiercie" title="Zawiercie">Zawiercie</a> to stay with an aunt, Tosha, with whom they believed he would be safe. In 1943, the aunt poisoned herself, along with Rysio and two other young family members in her care, so that the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazis</a> could not take them to the <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a>. After the war, the Spiegelmans, unable to accept that Rysio was dead, searched orphanages all over Europe in the hope of finding him. Spiegelman talked of having a sort of <a href="/wiki/Sibling_rivalry" title="Sibling rivalry">sibling rivalry</a> with his "ghost brother"; he felt unable to compete with an "ideal" brother who "never threw tantrums or got in any kind of trouble".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirsch201137-7">[7]</a> Of 85 Spiegelman relatives alive at the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, only 13 are known to have survived the Holocaust.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKois2011-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life and career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> He began cartooning in 1960<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii-9">[9]</a> and imitated the style of his favorite <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic books</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997401-10">[10]</a> In the early 1960s, he contributed to early <a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzines</a> such as Smudge and <a href="/wiki/Skip_Williamson" title="Skip Williamson">Skip Williamson</a>'s Squire, and in 1962<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner201778–79-11">[11]</a>—while at Russell Sage Junior High School, where he was an <a href="/wiki/Honors_student" title="Honors student">honors student</a>—he produced the Mad-inspired fanzine Blasé. He was earning money from his drawing by the time he reached high school and sold artwork to the original <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Press" title="Long Island Press">Long Island Press</a> and other outlets. His talent caught the eyes of <a href="/wiki/United_Features_Syndicate" class="mw-redirect" title="United Features Syndicate">United Features Syndicate</a>, who offered him the chance to produce a <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip_syndication" title="Comic strip syndication">syndicated comic strip</a>. Dedicated to the idea of art as expression, he turned down this commercial opportunity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997401-10">[10]</a> He attended the <a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="High School of Art and Design">High School of Art and Design</a> in Manhattan beginning in 1963. He met <a href="/wiki/Woody_Gelman" title="Woody Gelman">Woody Gelman</a>, the art director of <a href="/wiki/Topps" title="Topps">Topps Chewing Gum Company</a>, who encouraged Spiegelman to apply to Topps after graduating from high school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii-9">[9]</a> At age 15, Spiegelman received payment for his work from a Rego Park newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200856-12">[12]</a> After he graduated in 1965, Spiegelman's parents urged him to pursue the financial security of a career such as dentistry, but he chose instead to enroll at <a href="/wiki/Binghamton_University" title="Binghamton University">Harpur College</a> to study art and philosophy. While there, he got a freelance art job at Topps, which provided him with an income for the next two decades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997D'Arcy2011-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Binghamton State Mental Hospital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum.JPG/220px-New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum.JPG/330px-New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum.JPG/440px-New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>After Spiegelman's release from <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum" title="New York State Inebriate Asylum">Binghamton State Mental Hospital</a>, his mother died by suicide.</figcaption></figure> Spiegelman attended Harpur College from 1965 until 1968, where he worked as staff cartoonist for the college newspaper and edited a college humor magazine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii–xviii-14">[14]</a> After a summer internship when he was 18, Topps hired him for Gelman's Product Development Department<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamieson2010116-15">[15]</a> as a creative consultant making <a href="/wiki/Trading_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading cards">trading cards</a> and related products in 1966, such as the <a href="/wiki/Wacky_Packages" title="Wacky Packages">Wacky Packages</a> series of <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parodic</a> trading cards begun in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">[16]</a> Spiegelman began selling self-published <a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">underground comix</a> on street corners in 1966. He had cartoons published in underground publications such as the <a href="/wiki/East_Village_Other" title="East Village Other">East Village Other</a> and traveled to San Francisco for a few months in 1967, where the underground comix scene was just beginning to burgeon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">[16]</a> In late winter 1968, Spiegelman suffered an intense <a href="/wiki/Mental_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental breakdown">nervous breakdown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006102Campbell200856-17">[17]</a> which cut short his university studies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">[16]</a> He has said that at the time he was taking <a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a> with great frequency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006102Campbell200856-17">[17]</a> He spent a month in <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Inebriate_Asylum" title="New York State Inebriate Asylum">Binghamton State Mental Hospital</a>, and shortly after he exited it, his mother died by <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> following the death of her only surviving brother.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFathers2007122Gordon2004Horowitz1997401-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Underground_comics_(1971–1977)">Underground comics (1971–1977)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Underground comics (1971–1977)">edit</a>]</div> In 1971, after several visits, Spiegelman moved to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">[16]</a> and became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">countercultural</a> underground comix movement that had been developing there. Some of the comix he produced during this period include The Compleat Mr. Infinity (1970), a ten-page booklet of explicit comic strips, and The Viper Vicar of Vice, Villainy and Vickedness (1972),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997402-19">[19]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">transgressive</a> work in the vein of fellow underground cartoonist <a href="/wiki/S._Clay_Wilson" title="S. Clay Wilson">S. Clay Wilson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006103-20">[20]</a> Spiegelman's work also appeared in underground magazines such as <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Blimp_Works" title="Gothic Blimp Works">Gothic Blimp Works</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bijou_Funnies" title="Bijou Funnies">Bijou Funnies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Lust_(comics)" title="Young Lust (comics)">Young Lust</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">[16]</a> Real Pulp, and Bizarre Sex,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpel2007144-21">[21]</a> and were in a variety of styles and genres as Spiegelman sought his <a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Writer's voice">artistic voice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006103-20">[20]</a> He also did a number of cartoons for <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_magazine" title="Pornographic magazine">men's magazines</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(magazine)" title="Cavalier (magazine)">Cavalier</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dude_(magazine)" title="The Dude (magazine)">The Dude</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gent_(magazine)" title="Gent (magazine)">Gent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">[16]</a> In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Green_(cartoonist)" title="Justin Green (cartoonist)">Justin Green</a> asked Spiegelman to do a three-page strip for the first issue of Funny Aminals [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>].<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek1989103-22">[22]</a> He wanted to do one about racism, and at first considered a story<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2008140-23">[23]</a> with African Americans as mice and cats taking on the role of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan2011-24">[24]</a> Instead, he turned to the Holocaust that his parents had survived. He titled the strip "Maus" and depicted the Jews as mice persecuted by die Katzen, which were Nazis as cats. The narrator related the story to a mouse named "<a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek1989103-22">[22]</a> With this story Spiegelman felt he had found his voice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200856-12">[12]</a> Seeing Green's revealingly autobiographical <a href="/wiki/Binky_Brown_Meets_the_Holy_Virgin_Mary" title="Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary">Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary</a> while in-progress in 1971 inspired Spiegelman to produce "Prisoner on the Hell Planet", an expressionistic work that dealt with his mother's suicide; it appeared in 1973<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> in Short Order Comix <abbr title="Number">#</abbr>1,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek198998-27">[27]</a> which he edited.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">[16]</a> Spiegelman's work thereafter went through a phase of increasing formal experimentation;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute2012413-28">[28]</a> the Apex Treasury of Underground Comics in 1974 quotes him: "As an art form the comic strip is barely in its infancy. So am I. Maybe we'll grow up together."<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The often-reprinted<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield2012138-30">[30]</a> "Ace Hole, Midget Detective" of 1974 was a <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubist</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" title="Nonlinear narrative">nonlinear</a> parody of <a href="/wiki/Hardboiled" title="Hardboiled">hardboiled crime fiction</a> full of <a href="/wiki/Non_sequitur_(literary_device)" title="Non sequitur (literary device)">non sequiturs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield2012138Chute2012413-31">[31]</a> "A Day at the Circuits" of 1975 is a recursive single-page strip about alcoholism and depression in which the reader follows the character through multiple never-ending pathways.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuskin201068-32">[32]</a> "Nervous Rex: The Malpractice Suite" of 1976 is made up of cut-out panels from the soap-opera comic strip <a href="/wiki/Rex_Morgan,_M.D." title="Rex Morgan, M.D.">Rex Morgan, M.D.</a> refashioned in such a way as to defy coherence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute2012413-28">[28]</a> In 1973, Spiegelman edited a <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornographic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">psychedelic</a> book of quotations and dedicated it to his mother. Co-edited with Bob Schneider, it was called Whole Grains: A Book of Quotations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothberg2000214Witek2007bxviii-33">[33]</a> In 1974–1975, he taught a studio cartooning class at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University" title="Academy of Art University">San Francisco Academy of Art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997402-19">[19]</a> By the mid-1970s, the underground comix movement was encountering a slowdown. To give cartoonists a safe berth, Spiegelman co-edited the anthology <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(comics_magazine)" title="Arcade (comics magazine)">Arcade</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Griffith" title="Bill Griffith">Bill Griffith</a>, in 1975 and 1976. Arcade was printed by <a href="/wiki/Print_Mint" title="Print Mint">The Print Mint</a> and lasted seven issues, five of which had covers by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb">Robert Crumb</a>. It stood out from similar publications by having an editorial plan, in which Spiegelman and Griffith attempt to show how comics connect to the broader realms of artistic and literary culture. Spiegelman's own work in Arcade tended to be short and concerned with formal experimentation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrishakovaRyan201067–68-34">[34]</a> Arcade also introduced art from ages past, as well as contemporary literary pieces by writers such as <a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bukowski" title="Charles Bukowski">Charles Bukowski</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhle2004252-35">[35]</a> In 1975, Spiegelman moved back to New York City,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxix-36">[36]</a> which put most of the editorial work for Arcade on the shoulders of Griffith and his cartoonist wife, <a href="/wiki/Diane_Noomin" title="Diane Noomin">Diane Noomin</a>. This, combined with distribution problems and retailer indifference, led to the magazine's 1976 demise. Spiegelman swore he would never edit another magazine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006108-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a>, an architectural student on a hiatus from her studies at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts">Beaux-Arts</a> in Paris, arrived in New York in 1974. While looking for comics from which to practice reading English, she came across Arcade. Avant-garde filmmaker friend <a href="/wiki/Ken_Jacobs" title="Ken Jacobs">Ken Jacobs</a> introduced Mouly and Spiegelman, when Spiegelman was visiting, but they did not immediately develop a mutual interest. Spiegelman moved back to New York later in the year. Occasionally the two ran across each other. After she read "Prisoner on the Hell Planet" Mouly felt the urge to contact him. An eight-hour phone call led to a deepening of their relationship. Spiegelman followed her to France when she had to return to fulfill obligations in her architecture course.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201326–30-38">[38]</a> Spiegelman introduced Mouly to the world of comics and helped her find work as a <a href="/wiki/Colorist" title="Colorist">colorist</a> for <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2004137-39">[39]</a> After returning to the U.S. in 1977, Mouly ran into visa problems, which the couple solved by getting married.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201341-40">[40]</a> The couple began to make yearly trips to Europe to explore the comics scene, and brought back European comics to show to their circle of friends.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201347–48-41">[41]</a> Mouly assisted in putting together the lavish, oversized collection of Spiegelman's experimental strips <a href="/wiki/Breakdowns_(comics)" title="Breakdowns (comics)">Breakdowns</a> in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201345–47-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raw_and_Maus_(1978–1991)">Raw and Maus (1978–1991)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Raw and Maus (1978–1991)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auschwitz_entrance.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Auschwitz_entrance.JPG/220px-Auschwitz_entrance.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Auschwitz_entrance.JPG/330px-Auschwitz_entrance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Auschwitz_entrance.JPG/440px-Auschwitz_entrance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Spiegelman visited the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> in 1979 as research for <a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a>; his parents had been imprisoned there.</figcaption></figure> Breakdowns suffered poor distribution and sales, and 30% of the print run was unusable due to printing errors, an experience that motivated Mouly to gain control over the printing process.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201345–47-42">[42]</a> She took courses in <a href="/wiki/Offset_printing" title="Offset printing">offset printing</a> and bought a printing press for her loft,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201349-43">[43]</a> on which she was to print parts of<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006111–112-44">[44]</a> a new magazine she insisted on launching with Spiegelman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006109-45">[45]</a> With Mouly as publisher, Spiegelman and Mouly co-edited <a href="/wiki/Raw_(comics_magazine)" title="Raw (comics magazine)">Raw</a> starting in July 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReid2007225-46">[46]</a> The first issue was subtitled "The Graphix Magazine of Postponed Suicides".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006109-45">[45]</a> While it included work from such established underground cartoonists as Crumb and Griffith,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006108-37">[37]</a> Raw focused on publishing artists who were virtually unknown, avant-garde cartoonists such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burns_(cartoonist)" title="Charles Burns (cartoonist)">Charles Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Barry" title="Lynda Barry">Lynda Barry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ware" title="Chris Ware">Chris Ware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Katchor" title="Ben Katchor">Ben Katchor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Panter" title="Gary Panter">Gary Panter</a>, and introduced English-speaking audiences to translations of foreign works by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="José Antonio Muñoz">José Muñoz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ri_Samba" title="Chéri Samba">Chéri Samba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joost_Swarte" title="Joost Swarte">Joost Swarte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoshiharu_Tsuge" title="Yoshiharu Tsuge">Yoshiharu Tsuge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute2012413-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tardi" title="Jacques Tardi">Jacques Tardi</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006109-45">[45]</a> With the intention of creating a book-length work based on his father's recollections of the Holocaust<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2008171-47">[47]</a> Spiegelman began to interview his father again in 1978<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFathers2007125-48">[48]</a> and made a research visit in 1979 to the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>, where his parents had been imprisoned by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlau2008-49">[49]</a> The book, Maus, appeared one chapter at a time as an insert in Raw beginning with the second issue in December 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006113-50">[50]</a> Spiegelman's father did not live to see its completion; he died on 18 August 1982.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxix-36">[36]</a> Spiegelman learned in 1985 that <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> was producing an animated film about Jewish mice who escape persecution in Eastern Europe by fleeing to the United States. Spiegelman was sure the film, <a href="/wiki/An_American_Tail" title="An American Tail">An American Tail</a> (1986), was inspired by Maus and became eager to have his unfinished book come out before the movie to avoid comparisons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006118Kaplan2008172-51">[51]</a> He struggled to find a publisher<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKois2011-8">[8]</a> until in 1986, after the publication in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> of a rave review of the work-in-progress, <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon</a> agreed to release a collection of the first six chapters. The volume was titled Maus: A Survivor's Tale and subtitled My Father Bleeds History.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2008171Kaplan2006118-52">[52]</a> The book found a large audience, in part because it was sold in bookstores rather than in <a href="/wiki/Direct_market" title="Direct market">direct-market</a> comic shops, which by the 1980s had become the dominant outlet for comic books.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006115-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Will_Eisner2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of an elderly man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Will_Eisner2.jpg/170px-Will_Eisner2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Will_Eisner2.jpg/255px-Will_Eisner2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Will_Eisner2.jpg/340px-Will_Eisner2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Spiegelman and <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a> (photographed in 1982) taught at the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Visual_Arts" title="School of Visual Arts">School of Visual Arts</a> from 1978 to 1987.</figcaption></figure> Spiegelman began teaching at the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Visual_Arts" title="School of Visual Arts">School of Visual Arts</a> in New York in 1978, and continued until 1987,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxix-36">[36]</a> teaching alongside his heroes <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006111-54">[54]</a> "Commix: An Idiosyncratic Historical and Aesthetic Overview", a Spiegelman essay, was published in <a href="/wiki/Print_(magazine)" title="Print (magazine)">Print</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a> Another Spiegelman essay, "High Art Lowdown", was published in <a href="/wiki/Artforum" title="Artforum">Artforum</a> in 1990, critiquing the High/Low exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a> In the wake of the success of the <a href="/wiki/Cabbage_Patch_Kids" title="Cabbage Patch Kids">Cabbage Patch Kids</a> series of dolls, Spiegelman created the parodic trading card series <a href="/wiki/Garbage_Pail_Kids" title="Garbage Pail Kids">Garbage Pail Kids</a> for Topps in 1985. Similar to the Wacky Packages series, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">gross-out</a> factor of the cards was controversial with parent groups, and its popularity started a gross-out fad among children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellomo2010154-56">[56]</a> Spiegelman called Topps his "<a href="/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">Medici</a>" for the autonomy and financial freedom working for the company had given him. The relationship was nevertheless strained over issues of credit and ownership of the original artwork. In 1989 Topps auctioned off pieces of art Spiegelman had created rather than returning them to him, and Spiegelman broke the relation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007a-57">[57]</a> In 1990, he received a <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a> for Fine Arts.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 1991, Raw <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 2, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 3 was published; it was to be the last issue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a> The closing chapter of Maus appeared not in Raw<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006113-50">[50]</a> but in the second volume of the graphic novel, which appeared later that year with the subtitle And Here My Troubles Began.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a> Maus attracted an unprecedented amount of critical attention for a work of comics, including an exhibition at New York's <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShandler2014338-59">[59]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">special Pulitzer Prize</a> in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiss199854FischerFischer2002Pulitzer_Prizes_staff-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_Yorker_and_public_legitimacy_(1992–2001)">The New Yorker and public legitimacy (1992–2001)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The New Yorker and public legitimacy (1992–2001)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_New_Yorker_wordmark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The New Yorker logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_New_Yorker_wordmark.png/220px-The_New_Yorker_wordmark.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_New_Yorker_wordmark.png/330px-The_New_Yorker_wordmark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/The_New_Yorker_wordmark.png 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="42" /></a><figcaption>Spiegelman and Mouly began working for <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> in the early 1990s.</figcaption></figure> Hired by <a href="/wiki/Tina_Brown" title="Tina Brown">Tina Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200859-61">[61]</a> as a contributing artist in 1992, Spiegelman worked for <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> for ten years. His first cover appeared on the February 15, 1993, Valentine's Day issue and showed a black <a href="/wiki/West_Indian" title="West Indian">West Indian</a> woman and a <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a> man kissing. The cover caused turmoil at The New Yorker offices. Spiegelman intended it to reference the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights_riot" title="Crown Heights riot">Crown Heights riot</a> of 1991 in which racial tensions led to the murder of a Jewish <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> student.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn2003180Campbell200859Witek2007bxx-62">[62]</a> Twenty-one New Yorker covers by Spiegelman were published,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006119-63">[63]</a> and he also submitted some which were rejected for being too outrageous.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2012-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Conduit-65">[65]</a> Within The New Yorker's pages, Spiegelman contributed strips such as a collaboration, "In the Dumps", with children's illustrator <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2012Witek2007bxx–xxi-67">[67]</a> and an obituary to <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles M. Schulz</a>, "Abstract Thought is a Warm Puppy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxii-68">[68]</a> Another of Spiegelman's essays, "Forms Stretched to their Limits", in an issue was about <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cole_(artist)" title="Jack Cole (artist)">Jack Cole</a>, the creator of <a href="/wiki/Plastic_Man" title="Plastic Man">Plastic Man</a>. It formed the basis for a book about Cole, Jack Cole and Plastic Man: Forms Stretched to Their Limits (2001).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxii-68">[68]</a> The same year, Voyager Company published The Complete Maus, a CD-ROM version of Maus with extensive supplementary material, and Spiegelman illustrated a 1923 poem by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Moncure_March" title="Joseph Moncure March">Joseph Moncure March</a> called <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Party_(poem)" title="The Wild Party (poem)">The Wild Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxi-69">[69]</a> Spiegelman contributed the essay "Getting in Touch With My Inner Racist" in the September 1, 1997, issue of <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxi-69">[69]</a> Spiegelman was comics editor of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Press" title="New York Press">New York Press</a> in the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Rall-70">[70]</a> He was comics editor of <a href="/wiki/Details_(magazine)" title="Details (magazine)">Details</a> magazine in the late 1990s;<a href="#cite_note-Conduit-65">[65]</a> in 1997 he began assigning <a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">comics journalism</a> pieces in Details to a number of his cartoonist associates,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kuper" title="Peter Kuper">Peter Kuper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Katchor" title="Ben Katchor">Ben Katchor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burns_(cartoonist)" title="Charles Burns (cartoonist)">Charles Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaz_(cartoonist)" title="Kaz (cartoonist)">Kaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Deitch" title="Kim Deitch">Kim Deitch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Lynch" title="Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a>. The magazine published these works of journalism in comics form throughout 1998 and 1999, helping to legitimize the form in popular perception.<a href="#cite_note-Mackay-72">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Rall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a man seated and wearing glasses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ted_Rall.jpg/220px-Ted_Rall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ted_Rall.jpg/330px-Ted_Rall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ted_Rall.jpg/440px-Ted_Rall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption>Editorial cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Rall" title="Ted Rall">Ted Rall</a> begrudged Spiegelman's influence in New York cartooning circles.</figcaption></figure> Spiegelman's influence and connections in New York cartooning circles drew the ire of political cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Rall" title="Ted Rall">Ted Rall</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200858-73">[73]</a> In "The King of Comix",<a href="#cite_note-Rall-70">[70]</a> an article in <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold2001-74">[74]</a> Rall accused Spiegelman of the power to "make or break" a cartoonist's career in New York, while denigrating Spiegelman as "a guy with one great book in him".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200858-73">[73]</a> Cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Danny_Hellman" title="Danny Hellman">Danny Hellman</a> responded by sending a forged email under Rall's name to 30 professionals; the prank escalated until Rall launched a defamation suit against Hellman for $1.5 million. Hellman published a "Legal Action Comics" benefit book to cover his legal costs, to which Spiegelman contributed a back-cover cartoon in which he relieves himself on a Rall-shaped urinal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold2001-74">[74]</a> In 1997, Spiegelman had his first children's book published, Open Me...I'm a Dog, with a narrator who tries to convince its readers that it is a dog via pop-ups and an attached leash.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Publishers_Weekly''_staff1995-75">[75]</a> From 2000 to 2003, Spiegelman and Mouly edited three issues of the children's comics anthology <a href="/wiki/Little_Lit" title="Little Lit">Little Lit</a>, with contributions from Raw alumni and children's book authors and illustrators.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxii–xxiii-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–September_11_(2001–present)">Post–September 11 (2001–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post–September 11 (2001–present)">edit</a>]</div> Spiegelman lived close to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site" title="World Trade Center site">World Trade Center site</a>, which was known as "Ground Zero" after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> that destroyed the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973-2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center (1973-2001)">World Trade Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaskindOmer-Sherman2010xxi-77">[77]</a> Immediately following the attacks Spiegelman and Mouly rushed to their daughter Nadja's school, where Spiegelman's anxiety served only to increase his daughter's apprehensiveness over the situation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006119-63">[63]</a> Spiegelman and Mouly created a cover for the September 24 issue of The New Yorker<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEASME_staff2005-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> which at first glance appears to be totally black, but upon close examination it reveals the silhouettes of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973-2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center (1973-2001)">World Trade Center</a> towers in a slightly darker shade of black. Mouly positioned the silhouettes so that the North Tower's antenna breaks into the "w" of The New Yorker's logo. The towers were printed in black on a slightly darker black field employing standard four-color printing inks with an overprinted clear varnish. In some situations, the ghost images only became visible when the magazine was tilted toward a light source.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEASME_staff2005-78">[78]</a> Spiegelman was critical of the Bush administration and the mass media over their handling of the September 11 attacks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorriere_della_Sera_staff2003264-80">[80]</a> Spiegelman did not renew his New Yorker contract after 2003.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHays2011-81">[81]</a> He later quipped that he regretted leaving when he did, as he could have left in protest when the magazine ran a pro-<a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a> piece later in the year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200860-82">[82]</a> Spiegelman said his parting from The New Yorker was part of his general disappointment with "the widespread conformism of the mass media in the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a> era".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorriere_della_Sera_staff2003263-83">[83]</a> He said he felt like he was in "internal exile"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorriere_della_Sera_staff2003264-80">[80]</a> following the September 11 attacks as the U.S. media had become "conservative and timid"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorriere_della_Sera_staff2003264-80">[80]</a> and did not welcome the provocative art that he felt the need to create.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorriere_della_Sera_staff2003264-80">[80]</a> Nevertheless, Spiegelman asserted he left not over political differences, as had been widely reported,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHays2011-81">[81]</a> but because The New Yorker was not interested in doing serialized work,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHays2011-81">[81]</a> which he wanted to do with his next project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200860-82">[82]</a> Spiegelman responded to the September 11 attacks with <a href="/wiki/In_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers" title="In the Shadow of No Towers">In the Shadow of No Towers</a>, commissioned by German newspaper <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>, where it appeared throughout 2003. <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Daily Forward">The Jewish Daily Forward</a> was the only American periodical to serialize the feature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorriere_della_Sera_staff2003264-80">[80]</a> The collected work appeared in September 2004 as an oversized<a href="#cite_note-85">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Board book">board book</a> of two-page spreads which had to be turned on end to read.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute2012414-84">[84]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_-_Gargantua.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_-_Gargantua.jpg/220px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_-_Gargantua.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_-_Gargantua.jpg/330px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_-_Gargantua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_-_Gargantua.jpg/440px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_-_Gargantua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3643" data-file-height="2726" /></a><figcaption>"Gargantua", a cartoon critical of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a>, led to the imprisonment of its author, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier" title="Honoré Daumier">Honoré Daumier</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the June 2006 edition of <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a> Spiegelman had an article published on the <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy</a>; some interpretations of Islamic law prohibit the <a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Muhammad" title="Depictions of Muhammad">depiction of Muhammad</a>. The Canadian chain of booksellers <a href="/wiki/Indigo_Books_and_Music" title="Indigo Books and Music">Indigo</a> refused to sell the issue. Called "Drawing Blood: Outrageous Cartoons and the Art of Outrage", the article surveyed the sometimes dire effect political cartooning has for its creators, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier" title="Honoré Daumier">Honoré Daumier</a>, who spent time in prison for his satirical work; to <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a>, who faced exile. To Indigo the article seemed to promote the continuance of racial caricature. An internal memo advised Indigo staff to tell people: "the decision was made based on the fact that the content about to be published has been known to ignite demonstrations around the world."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams2006-86">[85]</a> In response to the cartoons, Iranian president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> promoted an Iranian <a href="/wiki/International_Holocaust_Cartoon_Competition" title="International Holocaust Cartoon Competition">cartoon contest</a> seeking anti-Semitic cartoons. The organizers of the contest intended to highlight what they perceived as Western double standards surrounding anti-Semitism and Islamophobia. Spiegelman produced a cartoon of a line of prisoners being led to the gas chambers; one stops to look at the corpses around him and says, "Ha! Ha! Ha! What's really hilarious is that none of this is actually happening!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrean2008-87">[86]</a> To promote literacy in young children, Mouly encouraged publishers to publish comics for children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer2013115-88">[87]</a> Disappointed by publishers' lack of response, from 2008 she self-published a line of easy readers called <a href="/wiki/Toon_Books" title="Toon Books">Toon Books</a>, by artists such as Spiegelman, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_French" title="Renée French">Renée French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rutu_Modan" title="Rutu Modan">Rutu Modan</a>, and promotes the books to teachers and librarians for their educational value.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer2013116-89">[88]</a> Spiegelman's Jack and the Box was one of the inaugural books in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPublishers_Weekly_staff2008-90">[89]</a> In 2008 Spiegelman reissued Breakdowns in an expanded edition including "Portrait of the Artist as a Young %@&*!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon20141-91">[90]</a> an autobiographical strip that had been serialized in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Quarterly_Review" title="Virginia Quarterly Review">Virginia Quarterly Review</a> from 2005.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxiii-92">[91]</a> A volume drawn from Spiegelman's sketchbooks, Be A Nose, appeared in 2009. In 2011, <a href="/wiki/MetaMaus" title="MetaMaus">MetaMaus</a> followed—a book-length analysis of Maus by Spiegelman and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Chute" title="Hillary Chute">Hillary Chute</a> with a DVD update of the earlier CD-ROM.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeater2011-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a> commissioned Spiegelman to edit the two-volume <a href="/wiki/Lynd_Ward" title="Lynd Ward">Lynd Ward</a>: Six Novels in Woodcuts, which appeared in 2010, collecting all of Ward's <a href="/wiki/Wordless_novel" title="Wordless novel">wordless novels</a> with an introduction and annotations by Spiegelman. The project led to a touring show in 2014 about wordless novels called Wordless! with live music by saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Johnston" title="Phillip Johnston">Phillip Johnston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArtsy2014-94">[93]</a> Art Spiegelman's Co-Mix: A Retrospective débuted at Angoulême in 2012 and by the end of 2014 had traveled to Paris, Cologne, Vancouver, New York, and Toronto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon20141-91">[90]</a> The book Co-Mix: A Retrospective of Comics, Graphics, and Scraps, which complemented the show, appeared in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERandle2013-95">[94]</a> In 2015, after six writers refused to sit on a panel at the <a href="/wiki/PEN_American_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="PEN American Center">PEN American Center</a> in protest of the planned "freedom of expression courage award" for the satirical French periodical <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo" title="Charlie Hebdo">Charlie Hebdo</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">shooting at its headquarters</a> earlier in the year, Spiegelman agreed to be one of the replacement hosts,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChow2015-96">[95]</a> along with other names in comics such as writer <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a>. Spiegelman retracted a cover he had submitted to a Gaiman-edited "saying the unsayable" issue of <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a> when the management declined to print a strip of Spiegelman's. The strip, "Notes from a First Amendment Fundamentalist", depicts Muhammad, and Spiegelman believed the rejection was censorship, though the magazine asserted it never intended to run the cartoon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrayewski2015Heer2015-97">[96]</a> In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Literary_Hub" title="Literary Hub">Literary Hub</a> announced that Spiegelman was co-creating a work Street Cop with author <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coover" title="Robert Coover">Robert Coover</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly.JPG/170px-Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly.JPG/255px-Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly.JPG/340px-Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1423" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption>Spiegelman married <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a> in 1977 (pictured in 2015).</figcaption></figure> Spiegelman married <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a> on July 12, 1977,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyers2011-99">[98]</a> in a New York city hall ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201341-40">[40]</a> They remarried later in the year after Mouly <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism">converted to Judaism</a> to please Spiegelman's father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeer201341-40">[40]</a> Mouly and Spiegelman have two children together: a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Nadja_Spiegelman" title="Nadja Spiegelman">Nadja Rachel</a>, born in 1987,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyers2011-99">[98]</a> and a son, Dashiell Alan, born in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyers2011-99">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Style">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">All comic-strip drawings must function as diagrams, simplified picture-words that indicate more than they show.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Art Spiegelman<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECates201096-100">[99]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Spiegelman suffers from a <a href="/wiki/Amblyopia" title="Amblyopia">lazy eye</a>, and thus lacks <a href="/wiki/Depth_perception" title="Depth perception">depth perception</a>. He says his art style is "really a result of [his] deficiencies". His is a style of labored simplicity, with dense visual motifs which often go unnoticed upon first viewing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200856–57-101">[100]</a> He sees comics as "very condensed thought structures", more akin to poetry than prose, which need careful, time-consuming planning that their seeming simplicity belies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200861-102">[101]</a> Spiegelman's work prominently displays his concern with form, and pushing the boundaries of what is and is not comics. Early in the underground comix era, Spiegelman proclaimed to Robert Crumb, "Time is an illusion that can be shattered in comics! Showing the same scene from different angles freezes it in time by turning the page into a diagram—an <a href="/wiki/Orthographic_projection" title="Orthographic projection">orthographic projection</a>!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute2012412-103">[102]</a> His comics experiment with time, space, <a href="/wiki/Recursion" title="Recursion">recursion</a>, and representation. He uses the word "decode" to express the action of reading comics<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute2012412–413-104">[103]</a> and sees comics as functioning best when expressed as diagrams, icons, or symbols.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECates201096-100">[99]</a> Spiegelman has stated he does not see himself primarily as a visual artist, one who instinctively sketches or doodles. He has said he approaches his work as a writer as he lacks confidence in his graphic skills. He subjects his dialogue and visuals to constant revision—he reworked some dialogue balloons in Maus up to forty times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200857-105">[104]</a> A critic in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> compared Spiegelman's dialogue writing to a young <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> in his ability "to make the Jewish speech of several generations sound fresh and convincing".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200857-105">[104]</a> Spiegelman makes use of both old- and new-fashioned tools in his work. He prefers at times to work on paper on a drafting table, while at others he draws directly onto his computer using a <a href="/wiki/Digital_pen" title="Digital pen">digital pen</a> and electronic drawing tablet, or mixes methods, employing scanners and printers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200861-102">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influences">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frans_Masereel_-_Passionate_Journey_--_two_pages.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two panels from wordless novel. On the left, a man carries a woman through the woods. On the right, a man looks at a nude in a studio." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Frans_Masereel_-_Passionate_Journey_--_two_pages.jpg/220px-Frans_Masereel_-_Passionate_Journey_--_two_pages.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Frans_Masereel_-_Passionate_Journey_--_two_pages.jpg/330px-Frans_Masereel_-_Passionate_Journey_--_two_pages.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Frans_Masereel_-_Passionate_Journey_--_two_pages.jpg/440px-Frans_Masereel_-_Passionate_Journey_--_two_pages.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Wordless <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> novels such as those by <a href="/wiki/Frans_Masereel" title="Frans Masereel">Frans Masereel</a> were an early influence.</figcaption></figure> Harvey Kurtzman has been Spiegelman's strongest influence as a cartoonist, editor, and promoter of new talent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuk2013700-106">[105]</a> Chief among his other early cartooning influences include Will Eisner,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2004-107">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_(cartoonist)" title="John Stanley (cartoonist)">John Stanley</a>'s version of <a href="/wiki/Little_Lulu" title="Little Lulu">Little Lulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winsor_McCay" title="Winsor McCay">Winsor McCay</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Little_Nemo" title="Little Nemo">Little Nemo</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Herriman" title="George Herriman">George Herriman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Krazy_Kat" title="Krazy Kat">Krazy Kat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuk2013700-106">[105]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Krigstein" title="Bernard Krigstein">Bernard Krigstein</a>'s short strip "<a href="/wiki/Master_Race_(EC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Race (EC Comics)">Master Race</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Race" class="extiw" title="fr:Master Race">fr</a>]".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKannenberg200128-108">[107]</a> In the 1960s Spiegelman read in comics <a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzines</a> about graphic artists such as <a href="/wiki/Frans_Masereel" title="Frans Masereel">Frans Masereel</a>, who had made <a href="/wiki/Wordless_novel" title="Wordless novel">wordless novels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a>. The discussions in those fanzines about making the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Novel" title="Great American Novel">Great American Novel</a> in comics later acted as inspiration for him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2008171-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Green_(cartoonist)" title="Justin Green (cartoonist)">Justin Green</a>'s comic book <a href="/wiki/Binky_Brown_Meets_the_Holy_Virgin_Mary" title="Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary">Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary</a> (1972) motivated Spiegelman to open up and include autobiographical elements in his comics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute201018-109">[108]</a> Spiegelman acknowledges <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a> as an early influence,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulman201086-110">[109]</a> whom he says he has read since the age of 12,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKannenberg2007262-111">[110]</a> and lists <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> among the writers whose work "stayed with" him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997404-112">[111]</a> He cites non-narrative avant-garde filmmakers from whom he has drawn heavily, including <a href="/wiki/Ken_Jacobs" title="Ken Jacobs">Ken Jacobs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Brakhage" title="Stan Brakhage">Stan Brakhage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Gehr" title="Ernie Gehr">Ernie Gehr</a>, and other filmmakers such as <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> and the makers of <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone" title="The Twilight Zone">The Twilight Zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuk2013699–700-113">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Beliefs">edit</a>]</div> Spiegelman is a prominent advocate for the comics medium and comics literacy. He believes the medium echoes the way the human brain processes information. He has toured the U.S. with a lecture called "Comix 101", examining its history and cultural importance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006123-114">[113]</a> He sees comics' low status in the late 20th century as having come down from where it was in the 1930s and 1940s, when comics "tended to appeal to an older audience of <a href="/wiki/G.I._(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="G.I. (military)">GIs</a> and other adults".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200858–59-115">[114]</a> Following the advent of the censorious <a href="/wiki/Comics_Code_Authority" title="Comics Code Authority">Comics Code Authority</a> in the mid-1950s, Spiegelman sees comics' potential as having stagnated until the rise of underground comix in the late 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200858–59-115">[114]</a> He taught courses in the history and aesthetics of comics at schools such as the School of Visual Arts in New York.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxix-36">[36]</a> As co-editor of Raw, he helped propel the careers of younger cartoonists whom he mentored, such as Chris Ware,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200860-82">[82]</a> and published the work of his School of Visual Arts students, such as <a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_G._Prapuolenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazimieras G. Prapuolenis">Kaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Friedman_(cartoonist)" title="Drew Friedman (cartoonist)">Drew Friedman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Newgarden" title="Mark Newgarden">Mark Newgarden</a>. Some of the work published in Raw was originally turned in as class assignments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006111-54">[54]</a> Spiegelman has described himself politically as "firmly on the left side of the secular-fundamentalist divide" and a "<a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">1st Amendment</a> absolutist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrean2008-87">[86]</a> As a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">free speech</a>, Spiegelman is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a> laws. He wrote a critique in Harper's on the <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">controversial Muhammad cartoons in the Jyllands-Posten</a> in 2006; the issue was banned from <a href="/wiki/Indigo_Books_and_Music" title="Indigo Books and Music">Indigo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Chapters_(bookstore)" title="Chapters (bookstore)">Chapters</a> stores in Canada. Spiegelman criticized American media for refusing to reprint the cartoons they reported on at the time of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrean2015-116">[115]</a> Spiegelman is a non-practicing Jew and considers himself "a-Zionist"—neither pro- nor anti-<a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a>; he has called <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> "a sad, failed idea".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHays2011-81">[81]</a> He told <a href="/wiki/Peanuts" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a> creator <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles Schulz</a> he was not religious, but identified with the "alienated <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">diaspora</a> culture of Kafka and <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud</a> ... what <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> pejoratively called <a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">rootless cosmopolitanism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn2003180-117">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> Maus looms large not only over Spiegelman's body of work, but over the comics medium itself. While Spiegelman was far from the first to do autobiography in comics, critics such as <a href="/wiki/James_Campbell_(author)" title="James Campbell (author)">James Campbell</a> considered Maus the work that popularized it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200856-12">[12]</a> The bestseller has been widely written about in the popular press and academia—the quantity of its critical literature far outstrips that of any other work of comics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoman2010217-118">[117]</a> It has been examined from a great variety of academic viewpoints, though most often by those with little understanding of Maus' context in the history of comics. While Maus has been credited with lifting comics from popular culture into the world of high art in the public imagination, criticism has tended to ignore its deep roots in popular culture, roots that Spiegelman has intimate familiarity with and has devoted considerable time to promote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoman2010212-119">[118]</a> Spiegelman's belief that comics are best expressed in a diagrammatic or iconic manner has had a particular influence on formalists such as <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ware" title="Chris Ware">Chris Ware</a> and his former student <a href="/wiki/Scott_McCloud" title="Scott McCloud">Scott McCloud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECates201096-100">[99]</a> In 2005, the September 11-themed New Yorker cover placed sixth on the top ten of magazine covers of the previous 40 years by the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Magazine_Editors" title="American Society of Magazine Editors">American Society of Magazine Editors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEASME_staff2005-78">[78]</a> Spiegelman has inspired numerous cartoonists to take up the graphic novel as a means of expression, including <a href="/wiki/Marjane_Satrapi" title="Marjane Satrapi">Marjane Satrapi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuk2013700-106">[105]</a> A joint <a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a>–<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> documentary, Art Spiegelman's Maus, was televised in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShandler2014318-120">[119]</a> Spiegelman, Mouly, and many of the Raw artists appeared in the documentary <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Confidential" title="Comic Book Confidential">Comic Book Confidential</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a> Spiegelman's comics career was also covered in an Emmy-nominated PBS documentary, Serious Comics: Art Spiegelman, produced by Patricia Zur for WNYC-TV in 1994. Spiegelman played himself in the 2007 episode "<a href="/wiki/Husbands_and_Knives" title="Husbands and Knives">Husbands and Knives</a>" of the animated television series <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> with fellow comics creators <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clowes" title="Daniel Clowes">Daniel Clowes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeller2007-121">[120]</a> A European documentary, Art Spiegelman, Traits de Mémoire, appeared in 2010 and later in English under the title The Art of Spiegelman,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShandler2014318-120">[119]</a> directed by Clara Kuperberg and Joelle Oosterlinck and mainly featuring interviews with Spiegelman and those around him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKensky2012-122">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen_pulitzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pulitzer Prize medal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gen_pulitzer.jpg/220px-Gen_pulitzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gen_pulitzer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="134" /></a><figcaption>Maus was the first <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> to win a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1982: Playboy Editorial Award, Best Comic Strip<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennanClarage1999575-123">[122]</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Kid_Award" title="Yellow Kid Award">Yellow Kid Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucca_Comics_%26_Games" title="Lucca Comics & Games">Lucca, Italy</a>, for Foreign Author<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETraini1982-124">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennanClarage1999575-123">[122]</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Print_(magazine)" title="Print (magazine)">Print</a>, Regional Design Award<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennanClarage1999575-123">[122]</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Print_(magazine)" title="Print (magazine)">Print</a>, Regional Design Award<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennanClarage1999575-123">[122]</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Print_(magazine)" title="Print (magazine)">Print</a>, Regional Design Award<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennanClarage1999575-123">[122]</a></li> <li>1986: Joel M. Cavior, Jewish Writing<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuk2013699-125">[124]</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award#1987" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennanClarage1999575-123">[122]</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme_International_Comics_Festival" title="Angoulême International Comics Festival">Angoulême International Comics Festival</a>, France, <a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme_International_Comics_Festival_Prize_for_Best_Comic_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Best Comic Book">Prize for Best Comic Book</a>, for Maus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Urhunden_Prizes" title="Urhunden Prizes">Urhunden Prize</a>, Sweden, Best Foreign Album, for Maus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammarlund2007-126">[125]</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Max_%26_Moritz_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Max & Moritz Prizes">Max & Moritz Prize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a>, Germany, <a href="/wiki/Max_%26_Moritz_Prizes#1990" class="mw-redirect" title="Max & Moritz Prizes">Special Prize</a>, for Maus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuk2013699-125">[124]</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Letters award</a>, for Maus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulitzer_Prizes_staff-127">[126]</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Eisner_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisner Award">Eisner Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eisner_Award#Best_Graphic_Album:_Reprint" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisner Award">Best Graphic Album (reprint)</a>, for Maus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner_Awards_staff2012-128">[127]</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Award">Harvey Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Award#Best_Graphic_Album_of_Previously_Published_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Award">Best Graphic Album of Previously Published Work</a>, for Maus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey_Awards_staff1992-129">[128]</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, Book Prize for Fiction for Maus II<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColbert1992-130">[129]</a></li> <li>1993: Angoulême International Comics Festival, <a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme_International_Comics_Festival_Prize_for_Best_Comic_Book#1980s" class="mw-redirect" title="Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Best Comic Book">Prize for Best Comic Book</a>, for Maus II<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxx-55">[55]</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Sproing_Award" title="Sproing Award">Sproing Award</a>, Norway, Best Foreign Album, for Maus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZuk2013699-125">[124]</a></li> <li>1993: Urhunden Prize, Best Foreign Album, for Maus II<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammarlund2007-126">[125]</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Binghamton_University" title="Binghamton University">Binghamton University</a> (formerly Harpur College), honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctorate_of_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorate of Letters">Doctorate of Letters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxi-69">[69]</a></li> <li>1999: Eisner Award, inducted into the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eisner_Award_winners#The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of Eisner Award winners">Hall of Fame</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxii-68">[68]</a></li> <li>2005: French government, Chevalier of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxxii-68">[68]</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine, one of the "<a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">Top 100 Most Influential People</a>"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime_staff2005Witek2007bxxiii-131">[130]</a></li> <li>2011: Angoulême International Comics Festival, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_de_la_ville_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême">Grand Prix</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavna2011-132">[131]</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Book_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="National Jewish Book Award">National Jewish Book Award</a> for MetaMaus: A Look Inside a Modern Classic, Maus<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a> membership<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArtforum_staff2015-134">[133]</a></li> <li>2018: The <a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell_Medal" title="Edward MacDowell Medal">Edward MacDowell Medal</a></li> <li>2020: The <a href="/wiki/Great_Immigrants_Award" title="Great Immigrants Award">Great Immigrants Award</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Author">Author</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Author">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Tijuana Bibles: Art and Wit in America's Forbidden Funnies, 1930s-1950s (Introductory Essay: Those Dirty Little Comics) (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakdowns_(comics)" title="Breakdowns (comics)">Breakdowns: From Maus to Now, an Anthology of Strips</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a> (1991)</li> <li>The Wild Party (1994)</li> <li>Open Me, I'm A Dog (1995)</li> <li>Jack Cole and Plastic Man: Forms Stretched to Their Limits (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers" title="In the Shadow of No Towers">In the Shadow of No Towers</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakdowns_(comics)" title="Breakdowns (comics)">Breakdowns: Portrait of the Artist as a Young %@&*!</a> (2008)</li> <li>Jack and the Box (2008)</li> <li>Be a Nose (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaMaus" title="MetaMaus">MetaMaus</a> (2011)</li> <li>Co-Mix: A Retrospective of Comics, Graphics, and Scraps (2013)</li> <li>Street Cop (with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coover" title="Robert Coover">Robert Coover</a>) (2021)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/opinions/outlook/st-louis-refugee-ship-blues/static.html">The St. Louis Refugee Ship Blues, Art Spiegelman recounts a sad story 70 years later.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editor">Editor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Editor">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Short Order Comix (1972–74)</li> <li>Whole Grains: A Book of Quotations (with Bob Schneider, 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_(comics_magazine)" title="Arcade (comics magazine)">Arcade</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Griffith" title="Bill Griffith">Bill Griffith</a>, 1975–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_(comics_magazine)" title="Raw (comics magazine)">Raw</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a>, 1980–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Glass_(comics)" title="City of Glass (comics)">City of Glass</a> (graphic novel adaptation by <a href="/wiki/David_Mazzucchelli" title="David Mazzucchelli">David Mazzucchelli</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Auster" title="Paul Auster">Paul Auster</a> novel, 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Narrative_Corpse" title="The Narrative Corpse">The Narrative Corpse</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Lit" title="Little Lit">Little Lit</a> (with Françoise Mouly, 2000–2003)</li> <li>The TOON Treasury of Classic Children's Comics (with Françoise Mouly, 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynd_Ward" title="Lynd Ward">Lynd Ward</a>: Six Novels in Woodcuts (2010)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> The book edition of <a href="/wiki/In_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers" title="In the Shadow of No Towers">In the Shadow of No Towers</a> measures 10 in × 14.5 in (25 cm × 37 cm).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChute2012414-84">[84]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201118-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201118_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201118_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpiegelman2011">Spiegelman 2011</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaughtie2012-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaughtie2012_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNaughtie2012">Naughtie 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchaub2022" class="citation web cs1">Schaub, Michael (2022-09-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/news-and-features/articles/art-spiegelman-to-get-lifetime-achievement-award/">"Art Spiegelman To Get Lifetime Achievement Award"</a>. Kirkus Reviews. Retrieved 2022-09-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman+To+Get+Lifetime+Achievement+Award&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft.aulast=Schaub&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fnews-and-features%2Farticles%2Fart-spiegelman-to-get-lifetime-achievement-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201116-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpiegelman201116_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpiegelman2011">Spiegelman 2011</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETeicholz2008-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeicholz2008_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTeicholz2008">Teicholz 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield2005146-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield2005146_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHatfield2005">Hatfield 2005</a>, p. 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirsch201137-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHirsch201137_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHirsch2011">Hirsch 2011</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKois2011-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKois2011_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKois2011_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKois2011">Kois 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitek2007b">Witek 2007b</a>, p. xvii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997401-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997401_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997401_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHorowitz1997">Horowitz 1997</a>, p. 401. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner201778–79-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner201778–79_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGardner2017">Gardner 2017</a>, pp. 78–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200856-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell200856_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell200856_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell200856_12-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2008">Campbell 2008</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997D'Arcy2011-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1997D'Arcy2011_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHorowitz1997">Horowitz 1997</a>; <a href="#CITEREFD'Arcy2011">D'Arcy 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii–xviii-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxvii–xviii_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitek2007b">Witek 2007b</a>, pp. xvii–xviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamieson2010116-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamieson2010116_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJamieson2010">Jamieson 2010</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitek2007bxviii_16-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitek2007b">Witek 2007b</a>, pp. xviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006102Campbell200856-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006102Campbell200856_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2006102Campbell200856_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaplan2006">Kaplan 2006</a>, p. 102; 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Retrieved 2012-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASME%27s+Top+40+Magazine+Covers+of+the+Last+40+Years&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Magazine+Editors&rft.date=2005-10-17&rft.au=ASME+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magazine.org%2FASME%2Ftop_40_covers%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaskindOmer-Sherman2010" class="citation book cs1">Baskind, Samantha; Omer-Sherman, Ranen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=arH19YKGJawC">The Jewish Graphic Novel: Critical Approaches</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4775-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4775-6"><bdi>978-0-8135-4775-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Graphic+Novel%3A+Critical+Approaches&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-4775-6&rft.aulast=Baskind&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft.au=Omer-Sherman%2C+Ranen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DarH19YKGJawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellomo2010" class="citation book cs1">Bellomo, Mark (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CF8AjVJXvH0C">Totally Tubular '80s Toys</a>. Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-1647-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-1647-3"><bdi>978-1-4402-1647-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Totally+Tubular+%2780s+Toys&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4402-1647-3&rft.aulast=Bellomo&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCF8AjVJXvH0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlau2008" class="citation news cs1">Blau, Rosie (2008-11-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/69e9620e-bcdc-11dd-af5a-0000779fd18c.html#axzz1sPEGhAQq">"Breakfast with the FT: Art Spiegelman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. Retrieved 2012-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Breakfast+with+the+FT%3A+Art+Spiegelman&rft.date=2008-11-29&rft.aulast=Blau&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F69e9620e-bcdc-11dd-af5a-0000779fd18c.html%23axzz1sPEGhAQq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrean2008" class="citation news cs1">Brean, Joseph (2008-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/art-spiegelman-politically-correct-fever-grips-canada">"Art Spiegelman: Politically correct 'fever' grips Canada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. Retrieved 2015-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Politically+correct+%27fever%27+grips+Canada&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft.aulast=Brean&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fart-spiegelman-politically-correct-fever-grips-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrean2015" class="citation web cs1">Brean, Joseph (2015-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/mark-steyn-on-fellow-free-speech-advocate-art-spiegelman-and-what-it-means-to-be-truly-provocative">"Mark Steyn on fellow free-speech advocate Art Spiegelman and what it means to be truly provocative"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. Retrieved 2015-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Mark+Steyn+on+fellow+free-speech+advocate+Art+Spiegelman+and+what+it+means+to+be+truly+provocative&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Brean&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmark-steyn-on-fellow-free-speech-advocate-art-spiegelman-and-what-it-means-to-be-truly-provocative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennanClarage1999" class="citation book cs1">Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Clarage, Elizabeth C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=63nvmt4HqTEC&pg=PA574">"Art Spiegelman"</a>. Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 574–575. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-111-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-111-2"><bdi>978-1-57356-111-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+of+Pulitzer+Prize+Winners&rft.pages=574-575&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57356-111-2&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=Clarage%2C+Elizabeth+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D63nvmt4HqTEC%26pg%3DPA574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuhle2004" class="citation book cs1">Buhle, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromlowereastsid00paul">From the Lower East Side to Hollywood: Jews in American Popular Culture</a>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-598-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-598-1"><bdi>978-1-85984-598-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Lower+East+Side+to+Hollywood%3A+Jews+in+American+Popular+Culture&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85984-598-1&rft.aulast=Buhle&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromlowereastsid00paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2008" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, James (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/syncopationsbeat00camp">Syncopations: Beats, New Yorkers, and Writers in the Dark</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25237-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25237-0"><bdi>978-0-520-25237-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syncopations%3A+Beats%2C+New+Yorkers%2C+and+Writers+in+the+Dark&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25237-0&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsyncopationsbeat00camp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCates2010" class="citation book cs1">Cates, Isaac (2010). "Comics and the Grammar of Diagrams". In Ball, David M.; Kuhlman, Martha B. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QrFmPKlv61sC">The Comics of Chris Ware: Drawing Is a Way of Thinking</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 90–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-442-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-442-3"><bdi>978-1-60473-442-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comics+and+the+Grammar+of+Diagrams&rft.btitle=The+Comics+of+Chris+Ware%3A+Drawing+Is+a+Way+of+Thinking&rft.pages=90-105&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60473-442-3&rft.aulast=Cates&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQrFmPKlv61sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavna2011" class="citation news cs1">Cavna, Michael (February 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/31/AR2011013106604.html">"'Maus' creator reacts to winning comics' Grand Prix prize"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved January 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Maus%27+creator+reacts+to+winning+comics%27+Grand+Prix+prize&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.aulast=Cavna&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2011%2F01%2F31%2FAR2011013106604.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChow2015" class="citation web cs1">Chow, Andrew R. (2015-05-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/03/neil-gaiman-and-art-spiegelman-among-new-table-hosts-at-pen-gala/?_r=0">"After Protest Over Award, Neil Gaiman and Art Spiegelman Agree to Be Table Hosts at PEN Gala"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 2015-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+Protest+Over+Award%2C+Neil+Gaiman+and+Art+Spiegelman+Agree+to+Be+Table+Hosts+at+PEN+Gala&rft.date=2015-05-03&rft.aulast=Chow&rft.aufirst=Andrew+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F05%2F03%2Fneil-gaiman-and-art-spiegelman-among-new-table-hosts-at-pen-gala%2F%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChute2010" class="citation book cs1">Chute, Hillary L. (2010). Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15062-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15062-0"><bdi>978-0-231-15062-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Graphic+Women%3A+Life+Narrative+and+Contemporary+Comics&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-231-15062-0&rft.aulast=Chute&rft.aufirst=Hillary+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChute2012" class="citation book cs1">Chute, Hillary L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3S2uf3Zj8AC&pg=PA407">"Graphic Narrative"</a>. In Bray, Joe; Gibbons, Alison; McHale, Brian (eds.). The Routledge Companion to Experimental Literature. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 407–419. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-57000-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-57000-8"><bdi>978-0-415-57000-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Graphic+Narrative&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Experimental+Literature&rft.pages=407-419&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-57000-8&rft.aulast=Chute&rft.aufirst=Hillary+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ3S2uf3Zj8AC%26pg%3DPA407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColbert1992" class="citation news cs1">Colbert, James (1992-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-11-08-bk-205-story.html">"Times Book Prizes 1992: Fiction: On Maus II"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved 2012-01-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Times+Book+Prizes+1992%3A+Fiction%3A+On+Maus+II&rft.date=1992-11-08&rft.aulast=Colbert&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-11-08-bk-205-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConan2011" class="citation web cs1">Conan, Neal (2011-10-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.npr.org/news/Books/141085597?singlePage=true">"'MetaMaus': The Story Behind Spiegelman's Classic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved 2012-05-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=%27MetaMaus%27%3A+The+Story+Behind+Spiegelman%27s+Classic&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Conan&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.npr.org%2Fnews%2FBooks%2F141085597%3FsinglePage%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorriere_della_Sera_staff2003" class="citation book cs1">Corriere della Sera staff (2007) [2003]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKd1aGW7EMoC&pg=PR263">"Art Spiegelman, Cartoonist for the New Yorker, Resigns in Protest at Censorship"</a>. In Witek, Joseph (ed.). Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 263–266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman%2C+Cartoonist+for+the+New+Yorker%2C+Resigns+in+Protest+at+Censorship&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=263-266&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft.au=%27%27Corriere+della+Sera%27%27+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKd1aGW7EMoC%26pg%3DPR263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Arcy2011" class="citation news cs1">D'Arcy, David (2011-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Art-goes-back-to-school/24328">"Art Goes Back to School"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper" title="The Art Newspaper">The Art Newspaper</a>. Retrieved 2012-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Art+Goes+Back+to+School&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft.aulast=D%27Arcy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2Farticles%2FArt-goes-back-to-school%2F24328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisner_Awards_staff2012" class="citation web cs1">Eisner Awards staff (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427023810/http://www.comic-con.org/cci/cci_eisners_pastwinners.php">"Complete List of Eisner Award Winners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con_International" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Comic-Con International">San Diego Comic-Con International</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comic-con.org/cci/cci_eisners_pastwinners.php#1992">the original</a> on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2012-01-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complete+List+of+Eisner+Award+Winners&rft.pub=San+Diego+Comic-Con+International&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Eisner+Awards+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comic-con.org%2Fcci%2Fcci_eisners_pastwinners.php%231992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpel2007" class="citation book cs1">Epel, Naomi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKd1aGW7EMoC&pg=PR143">"Art Spiegelman"</a>. In Witek, Joseph (ed.). Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 143–151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=143-151&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft.aulast=Epel&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKd1aGW7EMoC%26pg%3DPR143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFathers2007" class="citation book cs1">Fathers, Michael (2007). "Art Mimics Life in the Death Camps". In Witek, Joseph (ed.). Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 122–125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Mimics+Life+in+the+Death+Camps&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=122-125&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft.aulast=Fathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerFischer2002" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Heinz Dietrich; Fischer, Erika J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-2o4Ywn4LJwC&pg=PA230">"Spiegelman, Art"</a>. Complete Biographical Encyclopedia of Pulitzer Prize Winners, 1917–2000: Journalists, Writers and Composers on Their Ways to the Coveted Awards. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-598-30186-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-598-30186-5"><bdi>978-3-598-30186-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spiegelman%2C+Art&rft.btitle=Complete+Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+Pulitzer+Prize+Winners%2C+1917%E2%80%932000%3A+Journalists%2C+Writers+and+Composers+on+Their+Ways+to+the+Coveted+Awards&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-598-30186-5&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Heinz+Dietrich&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Erika+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-2o4Ywn4LJwC%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2012" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Killian (2012-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/gallery/2012/apr/29/covers-the-new-yorker-rejected">"The Covers the New Yorker Rejected"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>. Retrieved 2012-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=The+Covers+the+New+Yorker+Rejected&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Killian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2Fgallery%2F2012%2Fapr%2F29%2Fcovers-the-new-yorker-rejected&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrahm2004" class="citation journal cs1">Frahm, Ole (May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190104175542/http://www.imageandnarrative.be/inarchive/issue08/olefrahm_geis.htm">"Considering MAUS. Approaches to Art Spiegelman's "Survivor's Tale" of the Holocaust by Deborah R. Geis (ed.)"</a>. Image & Narrative (8). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1780-678X">1780-678X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imageandnarrative.be/inarchive/issue08/olefrahm_geis.htm">the original</a> on 2019-01-04. Retrieved 2012-01-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Image+%26+Narrative&rft.atitle=Considering+MAUS.+Approaches+to+Art+Spiegelman%27s+%22Survivor%27s+Tale%22+of+the+Holocaust+by+Deborah+R.+Geis+%28ed.%29&rft.issue=8&rft.date=2004-05&rft.issn=1780-678X&rft.aulast=Frahm&rft.aufirst=Ole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imageandnarrative.be%2Finarchive%2Fissue08%2Folefrahm_geis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2017" class="citation journal cs1">Gardner, Jared (Spring 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/651965">"Before the Underground: Jay Lynch, Art Spiegelman, Skip Williamson and the Fanzine Culture of the Early 1960s"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inks:_The_Journal_of_the_Comics_Studies_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Inks: The Journal of the Comics Studies Society">Inks: The Journal of the Comics Studies Society</a>. 1 (1). <a href="/wiki/The_Ohio_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ohio State University Press">The Ohio State University Press</a>: 75–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fink.2017.0005">10.1353/ink.2017.0005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194727887">194727887</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Project_MUSE" class="mw-redirect" title="Project MUSE">Project MUSE</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inks%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Comics+Studies+Society&rft.atitle=Before+the+Underground%3A+Jay+Lynch%2C+Art+Spiegelman%2C+Skip+Williamson+and+the+Fanzine+Culture+of+the+Early+1960s&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75-99&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fink.2017.0005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194727887%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F651965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2004" class="citation journal cs1">Gordon, Andrew (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.ufl.edu/imagetext/archives/volume1/issue1/gordon/">"Jewish Fathers and Sons in Spiegelman's Maus and Roth's Patrimony"</a>. ImageTexT. 1 (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051231203150/http://www.english.ufl.edu/imagetext/archives/volume1/issue1/gordon/">Archived</a> from the original on 2005-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ImageTexT&rft.atitle=Jewish+Fathers+and+Sons+in+Spiegelman%27s+Maus+and+Roth%27s+Patrimony&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.ufl.edu%2Fimagetext%2Farchives%2Fvolume1%2Fissue1%2Fgordon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrishakovaRyan2010" class="citation book cs1">Grishakova, Marina; Ryan, Marie-Laure (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V5oClRagMywC">Intermediality and Storytelling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-023774-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-023774-0"><bdi>978-3-11-023774-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intermediality+and+Storytelling&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-11-023774-0&rft.aulast=Grishakova&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft.au=Ryan%2C+Marie-Laure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV5oClRagMywC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammarlund2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hammarlund, Ola (2007-08-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413001302/http://urhunden.se/2007/08/08/satir-och-iransk-kvinnoskildring-far-seriepris/">"Urhunden: Satir och iransk kvinnoskildring får seriepris"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Urhunden_Prizes" title="Urhunden Prizes">Urhunden</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urhunden.se/2007/08/08/satir-och-iransk-kvinnoskildring-far-seriepris/">the original</a> on 2019-04-13. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harveyawards.org/previous-awards-nominees/1992-harvey-awards/">the original</a> on 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2012-01-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1992+Harvey+Award+Winners&rft.pub=Harvey+Awards&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Harvey+Awards+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harveyawards.org%2Fprevious-awards-nominees%2F1992-harvey-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfield2012" class="citation book cs1">Hatfield, Charles (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9LUYhG9qO_8C&pg=PA132">"An Art of Tensions"</a>. In Heer, Jeet; Worcester, Kent (eds.). A Comics Studies Reader. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 132–148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-109-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-109-5"><bdi>978-1-60473-109-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Art+of+Tensions&rft.btitle=A+Comics+Studies+Reader&rft.pages=132-148&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-60473-109-5&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9LUYhG9qO_8C%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfield2005" class="citation book cs1">Hatfield, Charles (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWfi_GHJV0MC">Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-719-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-719-0"><bdi>978-1-57806-719-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alternative+Comics%3A+An+Emerging+Literature&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57806-719-0&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWfi_GHJV0MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHays2011" class="citation news cs1">Hays, Matthew (2011-10-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119062558/http://m.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/of-maus-and-man-art-spiegelman-revisits-his-holocaust-classic/article556360/?service=mobile">"Of Maus and Man: Art Spiegelman Revisits his Holocaust Classic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. 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Retrieved 2012-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Of+Maus+and+Man%3A+Art+Spiegelman+Revisits+his+Holocaust+Classic&rft.date=2011-10-08&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Fbooks-and-media%2Fof-maus-and-man-art-spiegelman-revisits-his-holocaust-classic%2Farticle556360%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeater2011" class="citation web cs1">Heater, Brian (October 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/booknews/comics/article/49046-art-spiegelman-on-the-future-of-the-book.html">"Art Spiegelman On The Future of the Book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>. Retrieved January 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman+On+The+Future+of+the+Book&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft.aulast=Heater&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Fbooknews%2Fcomics%2Farticle%2F49046-art-spiegelman-on-the-future-of-the-book.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeer2013" class="citation book cs1">Heer, Jeet (2013). In Love with Art: Françoise Mouly's Adventures in Comics with Art Spiegelman. <a href="/wiki/Coach_House_Books" title="Coach House Books">Coach House Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77056-351-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77056-351-3"><bdi>978-1-77056-351-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Love+with+Art%3A+Fran%C3%A7oise+Mouly%27s+Adventures+in+Comics+with+Art+Spiegelman&rft.pub=Coach+House+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-77056-351-3&rft.aulast=Heer&rft.aufirst=Jeet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeer2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Heer, Jeet (2015-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610074642/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/121983/art-spiegelman-muhammad-cartoon-renews-debate-prophet-depiction">"The Controversy Over Muhammad Cartoons Is Not About the Prophet Muhammad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/121983/art-spiegelman-muhammad-cartoon-renews-debate-prophet-depiction">the original</a> on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2015-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Controversy+Over+Muhammad+Cartoons+Is+Not+About+the+Prophet+Muhammad&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft.aulast=Heer&rft.aufirst=Jeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F121983%2Fart-spiegelman-muhammad-cartoon-renews-debate-prophet-depiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2004" class="citation book cs1">Heller, Steven (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kf3OJK-xl7AC">Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design</a>. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58115-356-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58115-356-9"><bdi>978-1-58115-356-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Literacy%3A+Understanding+Graphic+Design&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58115-356-9&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkf3OJK-xl7AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirsch2011" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Marianne (2011). "Mourning and Postmemory". In Chaney, Michael A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780299251048">Graphic Subjects: Critical Essays on Autobiography and Graphic Novels</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780299251048/page/17">17</a>–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-25104-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-25104-8"><bdi>978-0-299-25104-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mourning+and+Postmemory&rft.btitle=Graphic+Subjects%3A+Critical+Essays+on+Autobiography+and+Graphic+Novels&rft.pages=17-44&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-299-25104-8&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780299251048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz1997" class="citation book cs1">Horowitz, Sara R. (1997). "Art Spiegelman". In Shatzky, Joel; Taub, Michael (eds.). Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. pp. 400–408. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29462-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29462-4"><bdi>978-0-313-29462-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Jewish-American+Novelists%3A+A+Bio-Critical+Sourcebook&rft.pages=400-408&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29462-4&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Sara+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamieson2010" class="citation book cs1">Jamieson, Dave (2010). Mint Condition: How Baseball Cards Became an American Obsession. Atlantic Monthly Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1939-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1939-1"><bdi>978-0-8021-1939-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mint+Condition%3A+How+Baseball+Cards+Became+an+American+Obsession&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-1939-1&rft.aulast=Jamieson&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKannenberg2001" class="citation book cs1">Kannenberg, Gene Jr. (2001). "'I Looked Just Like Rudolph Valentino': Identity and Representation in Maus". In Baetens, Jan (ed.). The Graphic Novel. Leuven University Press. pp. 79–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5867-109-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5867-109-7"><bdi>978-90-5867-109-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27I+Looked+Just+Like+Rudolph+Valentino%27%3A+Identity+and+Representation+in+Maus&rft.btitle=The+Graphic+Novel&rft.pages=79-89&rft.pub=Leuven+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-5867-109-7&rft.aulast=Kannenberg&rft.aufirst=Gene+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKannenberg2007" class="citation book cs1">Kannenberg, Gene Jr. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKd1aGW7EMoC&pg=PR238">"A Conversation with Art Spiegelman"</a>. In Witek, Joseph (ed.). Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 238–262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+with+Art+Spiegelman&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=238-262&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft.aulast=Kannenberg&rft.aufirst=Gene+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKd1aGW7EMoC%26pg%3DPR238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2006" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Arie (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aD5iqc89tFcC&pg=PA99">"Art Spiegelman"</a>. Masters of the Comic Book Universe Revealed!. <a href="/wiki/Independent_Publishers_Group#Chicago_Review_Press" title="Independent Publishers Group">Chicago Review Press</a>. pp. 99–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-633-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-633-6"><bdi>978-1-55652-633-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman&rft.btitle=Masters+of+the+Comic+Book+Universe+Revealed%21&rft.pages=99-124&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55652-633-6&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Arie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaD5iqc89tFcC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2008" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Arie (2008). From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and Comic Books. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society" title="Jewish Publication Society">Jewish Publication Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-0843-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-0843-6"><bdi>978-0-8276-0843-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Krakow+to+Krypton%3A+Jews+and+Comic+Books&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8276-0843-6&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Arie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller2007" class="citation web cs1">Keller, Richard (2007-11-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoltv.com/2007/11/18/the-simpsons-husbands-and-knives/">"The Simpsons: Husbands and Knives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. Retrieved 2014-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Simpsons%3A+Husbands+and+Knives&rft.date=2007-11-18&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoltv.com%2F2007%2F11%2F18%2Fthe-simpsons-husbands-and-knives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKensky2012" class="citation web cs1">Kensky, Eitan (2012-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150817005330/http://forward.com/the-assimilator/165511/art-spiegelman-struggles-with-success/">"Art Spiegelman Struggles With Success"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/the-assimilator/165511/art-spiegelman-struggles-with-success">the original</a> on 2015-08-17. Retrieved 2015-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman+Struggles+With+Success&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft.aulast=Kensky&rft.aufirst=Eitan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fthe-assimilator%2F165511%2Fart-spiegelman-struggles-with-success&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKois2011" class="citation web cs1">Kois, Dan (2011-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111205003021/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/books/review/the-making-of-maus.html">"The Making of 'Maus'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/books/review/the-making-of-maus.html">the original</a> on 2011-12-05. Retrieved 2012-01-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Making+of+%27Maus%27&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft.aulast=Kois&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F12%2F04%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fthe-making-of-maus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrayewski2015" class="citation web cs1">Krayewski, Ed (2015-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150606060219/http://reason.com/blog/2015/06/03/art-spiegelman-pulls-new-statesman-cover">"Art Spiegelman Pulls New Statesman Cover Because It Wouldn't Print a Cartoon Featuring Mohammed: 'Death by a thousand buts'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/blog/2015/06/03/art-spiegelman-pulls-new-statesman-cover">the original</a> on 2015-06-06. Retrieved 2015-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reason&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman+Pulls+New+Statesman+Cover+Because+It+Wouldn%27t+Print+a+Cartoon+Featuring+Mohammed%3A+%27Death+by+a+thousand+buts%27&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft.aulast=Krayewski&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F06%2F03%2Fart-spiegelman-pulls-new-statesman-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuskin2010" class="citation book cs1">Kuskin, William (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lYUYCe-4neMC&pg=PA49">"Vulgar Metaphysicians: William S. Burroughs, Alan Moore, Art Spiegelman, and the Medium of the Book"</a>. In Grishakova, Marina; <a href="/wiki/Marie-Laure_Ryan" title="Marie-Laure Ryan">Ryan, Marie-Laure</a> (eds.). Intermediality and Storytelling. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 49–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-023773-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-023773-3"><bdi>978-3-11-023773-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vulgar+Metaphysicians%3A+William+S.+Burroughs%2C+Alan+Moore%2C+Art+Spiegelman%2C+and+the+Medium+of+the+Book&rft.btitle=Intermediality+and+Storytelling&rft.pages=49-77&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-11-023773-3&rft.aulast=Kuskin&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlYUYCe-4neMC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiss1998" class="citation book cs1">Liss, Andrea (1998). Trespassing Through Shadows: Memory, Photography, and the Holocaust. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3060-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3060-8"><bdi>978-0-8166-3060-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trespassing+Through+Shadows%3A+Memory%2C+Photography%2C+and+the+Holocaust&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-3060-8&rft.aulast=Liss&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoman2010" class="citation book cs1">Loman, Andrew (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=902nWnHSXp0C&pg=PA210">""That Mouse's Shadow": The Canonization of Spiegelman's Maus"</a>. In Williams, Paul; Lyons, James (eds.). The Rise of the American Comics Artist: Creators and Contexts. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 210–235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-792-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60473-792-9"><bdi>978-1-60473-792-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2012-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22That+Mouse%27s+Shadow%22%3A+The+Canonization+of+Spiegelman%27s+Maus&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+American+Comics+Artist%3A+Creators+and+Contexts&rft.pages=210-235&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60473-792-9&rft.aulast=Loman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D902nWnHSXp0C%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendelsohn2003" class="citation book cs1">Mendelsohn, Ezra (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2EXMH9rxlQoC&pg=PA163">"Jewish Universalism: Some Visual Texts and Subtexts"</a>. In Kugelmass, Jack (ed.). Key Texts in American Jewish Culture. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. pp. 163–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3221-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3221-9"><bdi>978-0-8135-3221-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jewish+Universalism%3A+Some+Visual+Texts+and+Subtexts&rft.btitle=Key+Texts+in+American+Jewish+Culture&rft.pages=163-184&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3221-9&rft.aulast=Mendelsohn&rft.aufirst=Ezra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2EXMH9rxlQoC%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyers2011" class="citation web cs1">Meyers, Julia M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820212345/http://salempress.com/Store/samples/great_lives_from_history_jewish/great_lives_from_history_jewish_spiegelman.htm">"Great Lives from History: Jewish Americans: Art Spiegelman"</a>. Salem Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salempress.com/store/samples/great_lives_from_history_jewish/great_lives_from_history_jewish_spiegelman.htm">the original</a> on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2012-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Lives+from+History%3A+Jewish+Americans%3A+Art+Spiegelman&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Julia+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsalempress.com%2Fstore%2Fsamples%2Fgreat_lives_from_history_jewish%2Fgreat_lives_from_history_jewish_spiegelman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulman2010" class="citation book cs1">Mulman, Lisa Naomi (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=arH19YKGJawC&pg=PA86">"A Tale of Two Mice: Graphic Representations of the Jew in Holocaust Narrative"</a>. In Baskind, Samantha; Omer-Sherman, Ranen (eds.). The Jewish Graphic Novel: Critical Approaches. Rutgers University Press. pp. 85–93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4775-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4775-6"><bdi>978-0-8135-4775-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2012-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Mice%3A+Graphic+Representations+of+the+Jew+in+Holocaust+Narrative&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Graphic+Novel%3A+Critical+Approaches&rft.pages=85-93&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-4775-6&rft.aulast=Mulman&rft.aufirst=Lisa+Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DarH19YKGJawC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaughtie2012" class="citation episode cs1">Naughtie, James (2012-02-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01bkym0">"Art Spiegelman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bookclub_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookclub (radio)">Bookclub</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>. Retrieved 2014-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bookclub&rft.date=2012-02-05&rft.aulast=Naughtie&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb01bkym0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublishers_Weekly_staff1995" class="citation web cs1">Publishers Weekly staff (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-027320-0">"Children's Book Review: Open Me...I'm a Dog! by Art Spiegelman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>. Retrieved 14 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=Children%27s+Book+Review%3A+Open+Me...I%27m+a+Dog%21+by+Art+Spiegelman&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Publishers+Weekly+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2F978-0-06-027320-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublishers_Weekly_staff2008" class="citation web cs1">Publishers Weekly staff (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-9799238-3-8">"Children's Book Review: Jack and the Box by Art Spiegelman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>. Retrieved 14 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=Children%27s+Book+Review%3A+Jack+and+the+Box+by+Art+Spiegelman&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Publishers+Weekly+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2F978-0-9799238-3-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulitzer_Prizes_staff" class="citation web cs1">Pulitzer Prizes staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Special-Awards-and-Citations">"Special Awards and Citations"</a>. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-11-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pulitzer+Prizes&rft.atitle=Special+Awards+and+Citations&rft.au=Pulitzer+Prizes+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fbycat%2FSpecial-Awards-and-Citations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandle2013" class="citation web cs1">Randle, Chris (2013-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/arts/books/book-reviews/book-review-co-mix-by-art-spiegelman">"Book Review: Co-Mix, by Art Spiegelman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. Retrieved 2015-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+Co-Mix%2C+by+Art+Spiegelman&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft.aulast=Randle&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Farts%2Fbooks%2Fbook-reviews%2Fbook-review-co-mix-by-art-spiegelman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2007" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Calvin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKd1aGW7EMoC&pg=PR263">"Art Spiegelman and Françoise Mouly: The Literature of Comics"</a>. In Witek, Joseph (ed.). Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 223–229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman+and+Fran%C3%A7oise+Mouly%3A+The+Literature+of+Comics&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=223-229&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKd1aGW7EMoC%26pg%3DPR263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothberg2000" class="citation book cs1">Rothberg, Michael (2000). Traumatic Realism: The Demands of Holocaust Representation. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3459-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3459-0"><bdi>978-0-8166-3459-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traumatic+Realism%3A+The+Demands+of+Holocaust+Representation&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-3459-0&rft.aulast=Rothberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShandler2014" class="citation book cs1">Shandler, Jeffrey (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0s_QAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA337">"Art Spiegelman: The Complete Maus"</a>. In Rebhun, Uzi (ed.). The Social Scientific Study of Jewry: Sources, Approaches, Debates. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 337–341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-936349-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-936349-0"><bdi>978-0-19-936349-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+The+Complete+Maus&rft.btitle=The+Social+Scientific+Study+of+Jewry%3A+Sources%2C+Approaches%2C+Debates&rft.pages=337-341&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-936349-0&rft.aulast=Shandler&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0s_QAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1987" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Graham (2007) [1987]. "From Mickey to Maus: Recalling the Genocide Through Cartoon". In Witek, Joseph (ed.). Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 84–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Mickey+to+Maus%3A+Recalling+the+Genocide+Through+Cartoon&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=84-94&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"> (Originally in Oral History Journal <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 15, Spring 1987)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2014" class="citation web cs1">Solomon, Alisa (2014-08-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220091106/http://www.thenation.com/article/181390/haus-maus">"The Haus of Maus: Art Spiegelman's twitchy irreverence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/181390/haus-maus">the original</a> on 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2015-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=The+Haus+of+Maus%3A+Art+Spiegelman%27s+twitchy+irreverence&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Alisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2F181390%2Fhaus-maus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiegelman2011" class="citation book cs1">Spiegelman, Art (2011). Chute, Hillary (ed.). MetaMAUS. <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-91683-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-91683-2"><bdi>978-0-670-91683-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MetaMAUS&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-670-91683-2&rft.aulast=Spiegelman&rft.aufirst=Art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeicholz2008" class="citation web cs1">Teicholz, Tom (2008-12-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishjournal.com/tommywood/article/the_maus_that_roared_20081225">"The 'Maus' that Roared"</a>. JewishJournal.com. Retrieved 2012-12-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JewishJournal.com&rft.atitle=The+%27Maus%27+that+Roared&rft.date=2008-12-25&rft.aulast=Teicholz&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishjournal.com%2Ftommywood%2Farticle%2Fthe_maus_that_roared_20081225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTime_staff2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Time staff (2005-04-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618210323/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1972656_1972696_1973311,00.html">"Art Spiegelman - The 2005 Time 100"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1972656_1972696_1973311,00.html">the original</a> on June 18, 2010. Retrieved 2012-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman+-+The+2005+Time+100&rft.date=2005-04-18&rft.au=%27%27Time%27%27+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C1972656_1972696_1973311%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraini1982" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Traini, Rinaldo (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone15.asp">"15° SALONE, 1982"</a> (in Italian). Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110227033314/http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone15.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-02-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15%C2%B0+SALONE%2C+1982&rft.pub=Immagine-Centro+Studi+Iconografici&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Traini&rft.aufirst=Rinaldo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immaginecentrostudi.org%2Fsaloni%2Fsalone15.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Weiss, Sasha (2012-05-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/culture/2012/05/art-spiegelman-discusses-maurice-sendak.html">"Art Spiegelman Discusses Maurice Sendak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. Retrieved 2012-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Art+Spiegelman+Discusses+Maurice+Sendak&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Sasha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fonline%2Fblogs%2Fculture%2F2012%2F05%2Fart-spiegelman-discusses-maurice-sendak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitek1989" class="citation book cs1">Witek, Joseph (1989). Comic Books as History: The Narrative Art of Jack Jackson, Art Spiegelman, and Harvey Pekar. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-406-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-406-0"><bdi>978-0-87805-406-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comic+Books+as+History%3A+The+Narrative+Art+of+Jack+Jackson%2C+Art+Spiegelman%2C+and+Harvey+Pekar&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-87805-406-0&rft.aulast=Witek&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitek2007a" class="citation book cs1">Witek, Joseph, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKd1aGW7EMoC&pg=PR17">"Introduction"</a>. Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. ix–xvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=ix-xvi&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKd1aGW7EMoC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitek2007b" class="citation book cs1">Witek, Joseph, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKd1aGW7EMoC&pg=PR17">"Chronology"</a>. Art Spiegelman: Conversations. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. xvii–xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-12-6"><bdi>978-1-934110-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology&rft.btitle=Art+Spiegelman%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=xvii-xiii&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-934110-12-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKd1aGW7EMoC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuk2013" class="citation book cs1">Zuk, Tanya Z. (2013). Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2GNaoeiY51EC&pg=PA697">Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 697–707. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39923-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39923-7"><bdi>978-0-313-39923-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+American+Comic+Book%3A+From+Captain+America+to+Wonder+Woman&rft.pages=697-707&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39923-7&rft.aulast=Zuk&rft.aufirst=Tanya+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2GNaoeiY51EC%26pg%3DPA697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Topps_Company_Inc.2008" class="citation book cs1">The Topps Company Inc. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPdcHwAACAAJ">Wacky Packages</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harry_N._Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry N. Abrams">Harry N. Abrams</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-9531-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-9531-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-9531-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacky+Packages&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-9531-4&rft.au=The+Topps+Company+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEPdcHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Topps_Company_Inc.2012" class="citation book cs1">The Topps Company Inc. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_IEHywAACAAJ">Garbage Pail Kids</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harry_N._Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry N. Abrams">Harry N. Abrams</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4197-0270-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4197-0270-9"><bdi>978-1-4197-0270-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garbage+Pail+Kids&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4197-0270-9&rft.au=The+Topps+Company+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_IEHywAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Spiegelman" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Art Spiegelman at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Art_Spiegelman" class="extiw" title="c:category:Art Spiegelman">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" class="extiw" title="q:Art Spiegelman">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325945" class="extiw" title="d:Q325945">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?91955">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/spiegelman.htm">Lambiek Comiclopedia article.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_(comics_magazine)" title="Arcade (comics magazine)">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Lit" title="Little Lit">Little Lit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynd_Ward" title="Lynd Ward">Lynd Ward: Six Novels in Woodcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Narrative_Corpse" title="The Narrative Corpse">The Narrative Corpse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> (comics editor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_(comics_magazine)" title="Raw (comics magazine)">Raw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_Pail_Kids" title="Garbage Pail Kids">Garbage Pail Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Action_Comics" title="Legal Action Comics">Legal Action Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wacky_Packages" title="Wacky Packages">Wacky Packages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Party_(poem)" title="The Wild Party (poem)">The Wild Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadja_Spiegelman" title="Nadja Spiegelman">Nadja Spiegelman</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Underground_comix_cartoonists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Underground_comix_cartoonists" title="Template:Underground comix cartoonists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Underground_comix_cartoonists" title="Template talk:Underground comix cartoonists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Underground_comix_cartoonists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Underground comix cartoonists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Underground_comix_cartoonists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">Underground comix</a> cartoonists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pirates" title="Air Pirates">Air Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Allen" title="Doug Allen">Doug Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Altergott" title="Rick Altergott">Rick Altergott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angeli_(cartoonist)" title="Angeli (cartoonist)">Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_Boy" title="Anonymous Boy">Anonymous Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Arlington" title="Gary Arlington">Gary Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Armstrong_(cartoonist)" title="Robert Armstrong (cartoonist)">Robert Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Backwords" title="Ace Backwords">Ace Backwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barker_(cartoonist)" title="Edward Barker (cartoonist)">Edward Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Beck" title="Joel Beck">Joel Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Village_Other#Comics" title="East Village Other">Bill Beckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Blamire" title="Larry Blamire">Larry Blamire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bod%C3%A9" title="Mark Bodé">Mark Bodé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Bod%C4%93" title="Vaughn Bodē">Vaughn Bodē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_den_Boogaard" title="Theo van den Boogaard">Theo van den Boogaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bolland" title="Brian Bolland">Brian Bolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bram" title="Brian Bram">Brian Bram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Wrightson" title="Michele Wrightson">Michele Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Brand" title="Roger Brand">Roger Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Brown" title="Chester Brown">Chester Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Brunetti" title="Ivan Brunetti">Ivan Brunetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Cabarga" title="Leslie Cabarga">Leslie Cabarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Camper" title="Jennifer Camper">Jennifer Camper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyn_Chevli" title="Lyn Chevli">Lyn Chevli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Colwell" title="Guy Colwell">Guy Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb">Robert Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cruse" title="Howard Cruse">Howard Cruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Darcy" title="Dame Darcy">Dame Darcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Dangle" title="Lloyd Dangle">Lloyd Dangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Day" title="Gene Day">Gene Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Deitch" title="Kim Deitch">Kim Deitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Diana" title="Mike Diana">Mike Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_DiCaprio" title="George DiCaprio">George DiCaprio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_DiMassa" title="Diane DiMassa">Diane DiMassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Dohler" title="Don Dohler">Don Dohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Doucet" title="Julie Doucet">Julie Doucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Dury" title="Graham Dury">Graham Dury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eichhorn" title="Dennis Eichhorn">Dennis Eichhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Emerson" title="Hunt Emerson">Hunt Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Farmer" title="Joyce Farmer">Joyce Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fingerman" title="Bob Fingerman">Bob Fingerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fleener" title="Mary Fleener">Mary Fleener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shary_Flenniken" title="Shary Flenniken">Shary Flenniken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Forney" title="Ellen Forney">Ellen Forney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Franklin_(artist)" title="Jim Franklin (artist)">Jim Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_French" title="Renée French">Renée French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Fuller_(cartoonist)" title="Larry Fuller (cartoonist)">Larry Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Geiser" title="David Geiser">David Geiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evert_Geradts" title="Evert Geradts">Evert Geradts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gebbie" title="Melinda Gebbie">Melinda Gebbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Giard" title="Luc Giard">Luc Giard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Gibbons" title="Dave Gibbons">Dave Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Gloeckner" title="Phoebe Gloeckner">Phoebe Gloeckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_Green" title="Grass Green">Richard "Grass" Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Green_(cartoonist)" title="Justin Green (cartoonist)">Justin Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Gregory" title="Roberta Gregory">Roberta Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Griffin" title="Rick Griffin">Rick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Griffith" title="Bill Griffith">Bill Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Hallgren" title="Gary Hallgren">Gary Hallgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hama" title="Larry Hama">Larry Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Hayes" title="Drew Hayes">Drew Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Hayes" title="Rory Hayes">Rory Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Heatley" title="David Heatley">David Heatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Hellman" title="Danny Hellman">Danny Hellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Holmes" title="Rand Holmes">Rand Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmstrom" title="John Holmstrom">John Holmstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hun_(cartoonist)" title="The Hun (cartoonist)">The Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Irons" title="Greg Irons">Greg Irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaxon_(cartoonist)" title="Jaxon (cartoonist)">Jack Jackson (Jaxon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamagurka" title="Kamagurka">Kamagurka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaz_(cartoonist)" title="Kaz (cartoonist)">Kaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kellerman" title="Martin Kellerman">Martin Kellerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Kinney" title="Jay Kinney">Jay Kinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kirby_(cartoonist)" title="Robert Kirby (cartoonist)">Robert Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kitchen" title="Denis Kitchen">Denis Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krystine_Kryttre" title="Krystine Kryttre">Krystine Kryttre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_LaBan" title="Terry LaBan">Terry LaBan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Leib" title="Gary Leib">Gary Leib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_London" title="Bobby London">Bobby London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Loveday" title="Peter Loveday">Peter Loveday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lynch" title="Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Peck" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Peck">Mad Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marrs" title="Lee Marrs">Lee Marrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Matt" title="Joe Matt">Joe Matt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Mattioli" title="Massimo Mattioli">Massimo Mattioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mavrides" title="Paul Mavrides">Paul Mavrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mendes" title="Barbara Mendes">Barbara Mendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Menu" title="Jean-Christophe Menu">Jean-Christophe Menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Metzger" title="George Metzger">George Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mitchell_(cartoonist)" title="Jim Mitchell (cartoonist)">Jim Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Murphy" title="Willy Murphy">Willy Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Newgarden" title="Mark Newgarden">Mark Newgarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Noomin" title="Diane Noomin">Diane Noomin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ollswang" title="Paul Ollswang">Paul Ollswang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Neill" title="Dan O'Neill">Dan O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Panter" title="Gary Panter">Gary Panter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_Park" title="Neon Park">Neon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Piskor" title="Ed Piskor">Ed Piskor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pontiac" title="Peter Pontiac">Peter Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Poulsen" title="Milo Poulsen">Milo Poulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Quagmire" title="Joshua Quagmire">Joshua Quagmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reese" title="Ralph Reese">Ralph Reese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Richards_(artist)" title="Ted Richards (artist)">Ted Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_Rodriguez" title="Spain Rodriguez">Spain Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ryan" title="Johnny Ryan">Johnny Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schenkman" title="Joe Schenkman">Joe Schenkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Schrier" title="Fred Schrier">Fred Schrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dori_Seda" title="Dori Seda">Dori Seda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herr_Seele" title="Herr Seele">Herr Seele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sharp" title="Martin Sharp">Martin Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sheridan_(cartoonist)" title="Dave Sheridan (cartoonist)">Dave Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smits" title="George Smits">George Smits</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stack" title="Frank Stack">Frank Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Steffan" title="Dan Steffan">Dan Steffan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhob_Stewart" title="Bhob Stewart">Bhob Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stiles" title="Steve Stiles">Steve Stiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._O._Sylvester" title="T. O. Sylvester">T. O. Sylvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Talbot" title="Bryan Talbot">Bryan Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Todd" title="Larry Todd">Larry Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Triptow" title="Robert Triptow">Robert Triptow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Vallen" title="Mark Vallen">Mark Vallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Varty" title="Suzy Varty">Suzy Varty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Veitch" title="Rick Veitch">Rick Veitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Veitch" title="Tom Veitch">Tom Veitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Vosburg" title="Mike Vosburg">Mike Vosburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Walthers" title="Bruce Walthers">Bruce Walthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Wartella" title="M. Wartella">M. Wartella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Weller" title="Michael J. Weller">Michael J. Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Welz" title="Larry Welz">Larry Welz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_White" title="Mack White">Mack White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Williams_(comics)" title="J. R. Williams (comics)">J. R. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Robert Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skip_Williamson" title="Skip Williamson">Skip Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Clay_Wilson" title="S. Clay Wilson">S. Clay Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Wrightson" title="Michele Wrightson">Michele Wrightson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inkpot_Award_(1980s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template talk:Inkpot Award 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot Award 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inkpot_Award_(1980s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> (1980s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Austin_(comics)" title="Terry Austin (comics)">Terry Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bishoff" title="Murray Bishoff">Murray Bishoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Boyette" title="Pat Boyette">Pat Boyette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(comics)" title="John Byrne (comics)">John Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Chan" title="Ernie Chan">Ernie Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Claremont" title="Chris Claremont">Chris Claremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shary_Flenniken" title="Shary Flenniken">Shary Flenniken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Friedrich" title="Mike Friedrich">Mike Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Geary" title="Rick Geary">Rick Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Glut" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Glut">Don Glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Gross" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Gross">S. Gross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hartley" title="Al Hartley">Al Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Kliban" title="B. Kliban">B. Kliban</a></li> <li>Jerry Muller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Orlando" title="Joe Orlando">Joe Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Patten" title="Fred Patten">Fred Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Phelps" title="Don Phelps">Don Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_and_Richard_Pini" title="Wendy and Richard Pini">Richard Pini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_and_Richard_Pini" title="Wendy and Richard Pini">Wendy Pini</a></li> <li>David Raskin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Shaw_(artist)" title="Scott Shaw (artist)">Scott Shaw!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Shooter" title="Jim Shooter">Jim Shooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stanley (comics)">John Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._Taylor" title="B. K. Taylor">B. K. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Tezuka" title="Osamu Tezuka">Osamu Tezuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_West" title="Adam West">Adam West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Wood" title="Wally Wood">Wally Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bails" title="Jerry Bails">Jerry Bails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Cole" title="L. B. Cole">L. B. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Fitzpatrick_(artist)" title="Jim Fitzpatrick (artist)">Jim Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Giordano" title="Dick Giordano">Dick Giordano</a></li> <li>Dave Graue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gulacy" title="Paul Gulacy">Paul Gulacy</a></li> <li>Mary Henderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hubenthal" title="Karl Hubenthal">Karl Hubenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil_Keane" title="Bil Keane">Bil Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller" title="Frank Miller">Frank Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Moench" title="Doug Moench">Doug Moench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Punch" title="Monkey Punch">Monkey Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_O%27Neil" title="Dennis O'Neil">Dennis O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Owens" title="Gary Owens">Gary Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rockwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Rockwell">Richard Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Saunders" title="Allen Saunders">Allen Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schwartz" title="Julius Schwartz">Julius Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Sekowsky" title="Mike Sekowsky">Mike Sekowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sienkiewicz" title="Bill Sienkiewicz">Bill Sienkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sim" title="Dave Sim">Dave Sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Toth" title="Alex Toth">Alex Toth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrie_Turner" title="Morrie Turner">Morrie Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Woggon" title="Bill Woggon">Bill Woggon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bindig" title="Bob Bindig">Bob Bindig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bolland" title="Brian Bolland">Brian Bolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Cochran_(publisher)" title="Russ Cochran (publisher)">Russ Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cockrum" class="mw-redirect" title="David Cockrum">David Cockrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Allan_Collins" title="Max Allan Collins">Max Allan Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Craig" title="Chase Craig">Chase Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Goodwin_(comics)" title="Archie Goodwin (comics)">Archie Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Grell" title="Mike Grell">Mike Grell</a></li> <li>Bruce Hamilton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Katz_(artist)" title="Jack Katz (artist)">Jack Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Kazanjian" title="Howard Kazanjian">Howard Kazanjian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Ketcham" title="Hank Ketcham">Hank Ketcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Koenig" title="Walter Koenig">Walter Koenig</a></li> <li>Richard Kyle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marrs" title="Lee Marrs">Lee Marrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="Frank Marshall (filmmaker)">Frank Marshall</a></li> <li>John Pound</li> <li>Tony Raiola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Starr" title="Leonard Starr">Leonard Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Robert Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a></li> <li>Maeheah Alzmann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Aparo" title="Jim Aparo">Jim Aparo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bluth" title="Don Bluth">Don Bluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Gottfredson" title="Floyd Gottfredson">Floyd Gottfredson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Maurer" title="Norman Maurer">Norman Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P%C3%A9rez" title="George Pérez">George Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arn_Saba" class="mw-redirect" title="Arn Saba">Arn Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Spiegle" title="Dan Spiegle">Dan Spiegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Staton" title="Joe Staton">Joe Staton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Hise" title="James Van Hise">James Van Hise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Yronwode" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat Yronwode">Cat Yronwode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Anderson" title="Murphy Anderson">Murphy Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n_Ar%C3%A1mbula" title="Román Arámbula">Román Arámbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a></li> <li>Fae Gates Desmond</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Drake" title="Stan Drake">Stan Drake</a></li> <li>John Field</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Hoberg" title="Rick Hoberg">Rick Hoberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Jein" title="Greg Jein">Greg Jein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Johnston" title="Ollie Johnston">Ollie Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brant_Parker" title="Brant Parker">Brant Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shayne" title="Robert Shayne">Robert Shayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Swan" title="Curt Swan">Curt Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thomas_(animator)" title="Frank Thomas (animator)">Frank Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Valentino" title="Jim Valentino">Jim Valentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Williamson" title="Al Williamson">Al Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Anderson_(comics)" title="Brent Anderson (comics)">Brent Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bova" title="Ben Bova">Ben Bova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a></li> <li>Jack Cummings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(cartoonist)" title="Jack Davis (cartoonist)">Jack Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Bannon" title="Dan O'Bannon">Dan O'Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Orzechowski" title="Tom Orzechowski">Tom Orzechowski</a></li> <li>John Rogers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Schomburg" title="Alex Schomburg">Alex Schomburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Simonson" title="Walt Simonson">Walt Simonson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley" title="Marion Zimmer Bradley">Marion Zimmer Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Gibbons" title="Dave Gibbons">Dave Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Giraud" title="Jean Giraud">Jean "Moebius" Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hernandez" title="Gilbert Hernandez">Gilbert Hernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Hernandez" title="Jaime Hernandez">Jaime Hernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kitchen" title="Denis Kitchen">Denis Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Leialoha" title="Steve Leialoha">Steve Leialoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Nodell" class="mw-redirect" title="Marty Nodell">Marty Nodell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li>Mark Stadler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Stevens" title="Dave Stevens">Dave Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a></li> <li>Larry Geeck</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Kimball" title="Ward Kimball">Ward Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deni_Loubert" title="Deni Loubert">Deni Loubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Messner-Loebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Messner-Loebs">Bill Messner-Loebs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Peters_(cartoonist)" title="Mike Peters (cartoonist)">Mike Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Schanes" title="Bill Schanes">Bill Schanes</a></li> <li>Steve Schanes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Wrightson" title="Bernie Wrightson">Bernie Wrightson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Zone" title="Ray Zone">Ray Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Frank Alison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Asprin" title="Robert Asprin">Robert Asprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Baron" title="Mike Baron">Mike Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Barry" title="Lynda Barry">Lynda Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bolton (comics)">John Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Feiffer" title="Jules Feiffer">Jules Feiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Feist" title="Raymond E. Feist">Raymond E. Feist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Groth" title="Gary Groth">Gary Groth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a></li> <li>Mike Pasqua</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Rude" title="Steve Rude">Steve Rude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Severin" title="Marie Severin">Marie Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Wagner" title="Matt Wagner">Matt Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Alf" title="Richard Alf">Richard Alf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb">Robert Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cruse" title="Howard Cruse">Howard Cruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Eastman" title="Kevin Eastman">Kevin Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Falk" title="Lee Falk">Lee Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Goulart" title="Ron Goulart">Ron Goulart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Kelly" title="Walt Kelly">Walt Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Laird" title="Peter Laird">Peter Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syd_Mead" title="Syd Mead">Syd Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Schutz" title="Diana Schutz">Diana Schutz</a></li> <li>Janet Tait</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Turner_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Turner (artist)">Ron Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahan_Wilson" title="Gahan Wilson">Gahan Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2000s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2010s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_I._Cobb" title="Frank I. Cobb">Frank I. Cobb</a>* (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Dapping" title="William O. Dapping">William O. Dapping</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Journal" title="Edmonton Journal">Edmonton Journal</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Price" title="Byron Price">Byron Price</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Leo_Sulzberger_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II">Cyrus L. Sulzberger</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Krock" title="Arthur Krock">Arthur Krock</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kase" title="Max Kase">Max Kase</a>/<a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett Newspapers</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lee_Strout" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Lee Strout">Richard Lee Strout</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette" title="Capital Gazette">Capital Gazette</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a> (2020, posthumous)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Love Songs by <a href="/wiki/Sara_Teasdale" title="Sara Teasdale">Sara Teasdale</a> (1918)</li> <li>Corn Huskers by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>/Old Road to Paradise by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Widdemer" title="Margaret Widdemer">Margaret Widdemer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roberts_(author)" title="Kenneth Roberts (author)">Kenneth Roberts</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defeat_of_the_Spanish_Armada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Defeat of the Spanish Armada">The Defeat of the Spanish Armada</a> by <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Mattingly" title="Garrett Mattingly">Garrett Mattingly</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Heritage_Picture_History_of_the_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War (page does not exist)">American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War</a> (1961)</li> <li>George Washington, Vols. I-IV by <a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Flexner" title="James Thomas Flexner">James Thomas Flexner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.B._White" class="mw-redirect" title="E.B. White">E.B. White</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Theodor Seuss Geisel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Spiegelman</a> for <a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund S. Morgan">Edmund S. Morgan</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>. A special award for <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma (musical)">Oklahoma!</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a>* (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Graduate School of Journalism</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Fackenthal" title="Frank D. Fackenthal">Frank D. Fackenthal</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hohenberg" title="John Hohenberg">John Hohenberg</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.">Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* indicates award given to widow in year after his death</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Book_Awards" title="Template talk:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Book_Awards" title="American Book Awards">American Book Awards</a> winners (1980–1999)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Woolf" title="Douglas Woolf">Douglas Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Edward Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Cortez" title="Jayne Cortez">Jayne Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Marmon_Silko" title="Leslie Marmon Silko">Leslie Marmon Silko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Murayama" title="Milton Murayama">Milton Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Quincy Troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(poet)" title="Alta (poet)">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Chong_Lau" title="Alan Chong Lau">Alan Chong Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_N._Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenido N. Santos">Bienvenido N. Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Adam" title="Helen Adam">Helen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lionel Mitchell (page does not exist)">Lionel Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasa_Mohr" title="Nicholasa Mohr">Nicholasa Mohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blue_Cloud" title="Peter Blue Cloud">Peter Blue Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kelly_(poet)" title="Robert Kelly (poet)">Robert Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_Drachler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose Drachler (page does not exist)">Rose Drachler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Cade_Bambara" title="Toni Cade Bambara">Toni Cade Bambara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Young" title="Al Young">Al Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Niatum" title="Duane Niatum">Duane Niatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Mayo" title="E. L. Mayo">E. L. Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Obenzinger" title="Hilton Obenzinger">Hilton Obenzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Him_Mark_Lai" title="Him Mark Lai">Him Mark Lai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genny_Lim" title="Genny Lim">Genny Lim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Yung" title="Judy Yung">Judy Yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Rothenberg" title="Jerome Rothenberg">Jerome Rothenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Thomas" title="Joyce Carol Thomas">Joyce Carol Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Quintana" title="Leroy Quintana">Leroy Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Dee_Cervantes" title="Lorna Dee Cervantes">Lorna Dee Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Phillip_Tanaka" title="Ronald Phillip Tanaka">Ronald Phillip Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Banks" title="Russell Banks">Russell Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tato_Laviera" title="Tato Laviera">Tato Laviera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Christian" title="Barbara Christian">Barbara Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecilia_Liang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecilia Liang (page does not exist)">Cecilia Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelina_Vigil-Pi%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Evangelina Vigil-Piñón">Evangelina Vigil-Piñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Rohmer" title="Harriet Rohmer">Harriet Rohmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tarahata_Hagedorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn">Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Kogawa" title="Joy Kogawa">Joy Kogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Grahn" title="Judy Grahn">Judy Grahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Candelaria" title="Nash Candelaria">Nash Candelaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Guralnick" title="Peter Guralnick">Peter Guralnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Tuama" title="Seán Ó Tuama">Seán Ó Tuama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Brown_(writer)" title="Cecil Brown (writer)">Cecil Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Schwartz_(writer_and_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Schwartz (writer and editor)">Howard Schwartz</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Podwal" title="Mark Podwal">Mark Podwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamu_Amiri_Baraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamu Amiri Baraka">Imamu Amiri Baraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Col%C3%B3n" title="Jesús Colón">Jesús Colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bruchac" title="Joseph Bruchac">Joseph Bruchac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kenny" title="Maurice Kenny">Maurice Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9_Okubo" title="Miné Okubo">Miné Okubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paule_Marshall" title="Paule Marshall">Paule Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthanne_Lum_McCunn" title="Ruthanne Lum McCunn">Ruthanne Lum McCunn</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=You-shan_Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You-shan Tang (page does not exist)">You-shan Tang</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Lai-shan_Yeung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Lai-shan Yeung (page does not exist)">Ellen Lai-shan Yeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGrath_(poet)" title="Thomas McGrath (poet)">Thomas McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Kulkarni" title="Venkatesh Kulkarni">Venkatesh Kulkarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William J. Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Jackson" title="Angela Jackson">Angela Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Genthe" title="Arnold Genthe">Arnold Genthe</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kuo_Wei_Tchen" title="John Kuo Wei Tchen">John Kuo Wei Tchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_J._McElroy" title="Colleen J. McElroy">Colleen J. McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Soto" title="Gary Soto">Gary Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Irons" title="Peter Irons">Peter Irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiho_Soga" title="Keiho Soga">Keiho Soga</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taisanboku_Mori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taisanboku Mori (page does not exist)">Taisanboku Mori</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojin_Takei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojin Takei (page does not exist)">Sojin Takei</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muin_Ozaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muin Ozaki (page does not exist)">Muin Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Owen" title="Maureen Owen">Maureen Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Sarton" title="May Sarton">May Sarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Edward Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Jones_(teacher)" title="Ron Jones (teacher)">Ron Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Cisneros" title="Sandra Cisneros">Sandra Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sanchez" title="Sonia Sanchez">Sonia Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Vinograd" title="Julia Vinograd">Julia Vinograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Oandasan" title="William Oandasan">William Oandasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Walters" title="Anna Lee Walters">Anna Lee Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gloria_E._Anzald%C3%BAa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria E. Anzaldúa">Gloria E. Anzaldúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Barolini" title="Helen Barolini">Helen Barolini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Hannusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Hannusch (page does not exist)">Jeff Hannusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Hogan_(writer)" title="Linda Hogan (writer)">Linda Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Borovsky" title="Natasha Borovsky">Natasha Borovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Federman" title="Raymond Federman">Raymond Federman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Winch" title="Terence Winch">Terence Winch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Mori" title="Toshio Mori">Toshio Mori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(poet)" title="Ai (poet)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Castillo" title="Ana Castillo">Ana Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyn_Zarco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyn Zarco (page does not exist)">Cyn Zarco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_McGuire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel McGuire (page does not exist)">Daniel McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bryant" title="Dorothy Bryant">Dorothy Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etheridge_Knight" title="Etheridge Knight">Etheridge Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Giddins" title="Gary Giddins">Gary Giddins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Welch_(writer)" title="James Welch (writer)">James Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Felipe_Herrera" title="Juan Felipe Herrera">Juan Felipe Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Chiavola_Birnbaum" title="Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum">Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayo_(poet)" title="Michael Mayo (poet)">Michael Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Poinsette Clark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stokes_Brown" title="Cynthia Stokes Brown">Cynthia Stokes Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McMillan" title="Terry McMillan">Terry McMillan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Blakely" title="Allison Blakely">Allison Blakely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(civil_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy Bates (civil rights activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sanders" title="Ed Sanders">Edward Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Vizenor" title="Gerald Vizenor">Gerald Vizenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Santiago_Baca" title="Jimmy Santiago Baca">Jimmy Santiago Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesho_Y._Scott" title="Kesho Y. Scott">Kesho Y. Scott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Muhanji" title="Cherry Muhanji">Cherry Muhanji</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyirba_High&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyirba High (page does not exist)">Egyirba High</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlon_K._Hom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marlon K. Hom (page does not exist)">Marlon K. Hom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hoff" title="Benjamin Hoff">Benjamin Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sukenick" title="Ronald Sukenick">Ronald Sukenick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_La_Puma" title="Salvatore La Puma">Salvatore La Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Tek_Lum" title="Wing Tek Lum">Wing Tek Lum</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek_Lum_Lum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tek Lum Lum (page does not exist)">Tek Lum Lum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Luz_Villanueva" title="Alma Luz Villanueva">Alma Luz Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askia_M._Tour%C3%A9" title="Askia M. Touré">Askia M. Touré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Lau" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolyn Lau">Carolyn Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Elliott" title="Emory Elliott">Emory Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Galeano" title="Eduardo Galeano">Eduardo Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Louis Gates">Henry Louis Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._California_Cooper" title="J. California Cooper">J. California Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Stone_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Stone (writer) (page does not exist)">Jennifer Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Gattuso_Hendin" title="Josephine Gattuso Hendin">Josephine Gattuso Hendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Scalapino" title="Leslie Scalapino">Leslie Scalapino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Tanikawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuntaro Tanikawa">Shuntaro Tanikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fanning" title="Charles Fanning">Charles Fanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Minoru_Hohri" class="mw-redirect" title="William Minoru Hohri">William Minoru Hohri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Kennedy" title="Adrienne Kennedy">Adrienne Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Grizzuti_Harrison" title="Barbara Grizzuti Harrison">Barbara Grizzuti Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Gioseffi" title="Daniela Gioseffi">Daniela Gioseffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woody" title="Elizabeth Woody">Elizabeth Woody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualing_Nieh_Engle" title="Hualing Nieh Engle">Hualing Nieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabari_Njeri" title="Itabari Njeri">Itabari Njeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Freeman" title="James M. Freeman">James M. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Walter" title="John C. Walter">John C. Walter</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Raymond_Jones" title="J. Raymond Jones">J. Raymond Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norton_(author)" title="John Norton (author)">John Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Emilio_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="José Emilio González">José Emilio González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kan" title="Sergei Kan">Sergei Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_A._Thompson" title="Lloyd A. Thompson">Lloyd A. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_T._Clinton" title="Michelle T. Clinton">Michelle T. Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sesshu_Foster" title="Sesshu Foster">Sesshu Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayumi_Tsutakawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayumi Tsutakawa (page does not exist)">Mayumi Tsutakawa</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margarita_Donnelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margarita Donnelly (page does not exist)">Margarita Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Murgu%C3%ADa" title="Alejandro Murguía">Alejandro Murguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Wright" title="Bruce M. Wright">Bruce Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Trujillo" title="Charley Trujillo">Charley Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._H._Melhem" title="D. H. Melhem">D. H. Melhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Keenan" title="Deborah Keenan">Deborah Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hagedorn" title="Jessica Hagedorn">Jessica Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Wideman" title="John Edgar Wideman">John Edgar Wideman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Tei_Yamashita" title="Karen Tei Yamashita">Karen Tei Yamashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Berlin" title="Lucia Berlin">Lucia Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Crow_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Crow Dog">Mary Crow Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridel_Le_Sueur" title="Meridel Le Sueur">Meridel Le Sueur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Hunk_Herald_Collective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Hunk Herald Collective (page does not exist)">Mill Hunk Herald Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Marks_Dauenhauer" title="Nora Marks Dauenhauer">Nora Marks Dauenhauer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dauenhauer" title="Richard Dauenhauer">Richard Dauenhauer</a></li> <li>R. Baxter Miller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Centolella" title="Thomas Centolella">Thomas Centolella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%27Lelia_Bundles" title="A'Lelia Bundles">A'Lelia Perry Bundles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Alire_S%C3%A1enz" title="Benjamin Alire Sáenz">Benjamin Alire Sáenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_J._Haraway" class="mw-redirect" title="Donna J. Haraway">Donna J. Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritjof_Capra" title="Fritjof Capra">Fritjof Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Burciaga" title="José Antonio Burciaga">José Antonio Burciaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Gilyard" title="Keith Gilyard">Keith Gilyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Thompson" title="Lucy Thompson">Lucy Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Field" title="Norma Field">Norma Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bacho" title="Peter Bacho">Peter Bacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kalifornsky" title="Peter Kalifornsky">Peter Kalifornsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Andrews" title="Raymond Andrews">Raymond Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Scofield" title="Sandra Scofield">Sandra Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Hamanaka" title="Sheila Hamanaka">Sheila Hamanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Klinkenborg" title="Verlyn Klinkenborg">Verlyn Klinkenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Branch" title="William B. Branch">William B. Branch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a> / <a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asake_Bomani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asake Bomani (page does not exist)">Asake Bomani</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belvie_Rooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belvie Rooks (page does not exist)">Belvie Rooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mogil" title="Christopher Mogil">Christopher Mogil</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Woodrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Woodrow (page does not exist)">Peter Woodrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Giardina" title="Denise Giardina">Denise Giardina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Glancy" title="Diane Glancy">Diane Glancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Redmond" title="Eugene B. Redmond">Eugene B. Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_X._Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Francisco X. Alarcón">Francisco X. Alarcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Graff" title="Gerald Graff">Gerald Graff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Beatty" title="Jack Beatty">Jack Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leroy_V._Quintana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leroy V. Quintana (page does not exist)">Leroy V. Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Peter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Peter (page does not exist)">Katherine Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninotchka_Rosca" title="Ninotchka Rosca">Ninotchka Rosca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giose_Rimanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giose Rimanelli (page does not exist)">Giose Rimanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Drooker" title="Eric Drooker">Eric Drooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciela_Lim%C3%B3n" title="Graciela Limón">Graciela Limón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_J._Reed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory J. Reed (page does not exist)">Gregory J. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Campbell_Hale" title="Janet Campbell Hale">Janet Campbell Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Nelson" title="Jill Nelson">Jill Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawson_Fusao_Inada" title="Lawson Fusao Inada">Lawson Fusao Inada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Blackman" title="Nicole Blackman">Nicole Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gilroy" title="Paul Gilroy">Paul Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Takaki" title="Ronald Takaki">Ronald Takaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_L._Glickman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose L. Glickman (page does not exist)">Rose L. Glickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Villanueva" title="Tino Villanueva">Tino Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_L._Kroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia L. Kroll (page does not exist)">Virginia L. Kroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Rodriguez_(novelist)" title="Abraham Rodriguez (novelist)">Abraham Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Boyd" title="Herb Boyd">Herb Boyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Allen" title="Robert L. Allen">Robert L. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Denise Chavez">Denise Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Egerton_(journalist)" title="John Egerton (journalist)">John Egerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(activist)" title="John Ross (activist)">John Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Avena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Avena (page does not exist)">Thomas Avena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Raymond (page does not exist)">Linda Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Young_Lee" title="Li-Young Lee">Li-Young Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianna_De_Marco_Torgovnick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianna De Marco Torgovnick (page does not exist)">Marianna De Marco Torgovnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marnie_Mueller" title="Marnie Mueller">Marnie Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Quinn_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Quinn (author) (page does not exist)">Peter Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Martz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Martz (page does not exist)">Sandra Martz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Henry_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Henry Jr.">Gordon Henry Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Rose" title="Tricia Rose">Tricia Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Nesaule" title="Agate Nesaule">Agate Nesaule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sze" title="Arthur Sze">Arthur Sze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang-Rae_Lee" title="Chang-Rae Lee">Chang-Rae Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitra_Banerjee_Divakaruni" title="Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni">Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.J._Miller_Laino" class="mw-redirect" title="E.J. Miller Laino">E.J. Miller Laino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_C._Loury" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn C. Loury">Glenn C. Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Loewen" title="James W. Loewen">James W. Loewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimiko_Hahn" title="Kimiko Hahn">Kimiko Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Espinosa" title="Maria Espinosa">Maria Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Viscusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Viscusi (page does not exist)">Robert Viscusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a></li> <li>Ron Sakolsky / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Weihan_Ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Weihan Ho">Fred Weihan Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_Cowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie Cowell (page does not exist)">Stephanie Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gass" title="William H. Gass">William H. Gass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alurista" title="Alurista">Alurista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Bell" title="Derrick Bell">Derrick Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Barresi" title="Dorothy Barresi">Dorothy Barresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_G%C3%B3mez-Pe%C3%B1a" title="Guillermo Gómez-Peña">Guillermo Gómez-Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Owens" title="Louis Owens">Louis Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Espada" title="Martín Espada">Martín Espada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montserrat_Fontes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montserrat Fontes (page does not exist)">Montserrat Fontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Ignatiev" title="Noel Ignatiev">Noel Ignatiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunaina_Maira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunaina Maira (page does not exist)">Sunaina Maira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulani_Davis" title="Thulani Davis">Thulani Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_De_Haven" title="Tom De Haven">Tom De Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Banks_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Banks (author) (page does not exist)">William M. Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Knight (page does not exist)">Brenda Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Adelle_Hedge_Coke" class="mw-redirect" title="Allison Adelle Hedge Coke">Allison Adelle Hedge Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Y._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Y. Davis">Angela Y. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Marie_Osbey" title="Brenda Marie Osbey">Brenda Marie Osbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Barnes_(writer)" title="Jim Barnes (writer)">Jim Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Rawles" title="Nancy Rawles">Nancy Rawles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Okja_Keller" title="Nora Okja Keller">Nora Okja Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Benitez" title="Sandra Benitez">Sandra Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_DeVeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott DeVeaux (page does not exist)">Scott DeVeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(poet)" title="Thomas Lynch (poet)">Thomas Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Linzer" title="Anna Linzer">Anna Linzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Ward_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Ward (author) (page does not exist)">Brian Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Donald_Two-Rivers" title="E. Donald Two-Rivers">E. Donald Two-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwidge_Danticat" title="Edwidge Danticat">Edwidge Danticat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Roche" title="Judith Roche">Judith Roche</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meg_McHutchison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meg McHutchison (page does not exist)">Meg McHutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gioia_Timpanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gioia Timpanelli (page does not exist)">Gioia Timpanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Naylor" title="Gloria Naylor">Gloria Naylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Lipka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Lipka (page does not exist)">Jerry Lipka</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_V._Mohatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald V. Mohatt (page does not exist)">Gerald V. Mohatt</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciulistet_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciulistet Group (page does not exist)">Ciulistet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Ellis" title="Trey Ellis">Trey Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Novakovich" title="Josip Novakovich">Josip Novakovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Flores" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauro Flores">Lauro Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alberto_Urrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís Alberto Urrea">Luís Alberto Urrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speer_Morgan" title="Speer Morgan">Speer Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gach" title="Gary Gach">Gary Gach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judith_Lowry" title="Judith Lowry">Judith Lowry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/21px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/42px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/21px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/42px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325945#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325945#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325945#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/96596029">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118971506">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85210380">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12093705p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12093705p">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35516771">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/n3z94kh6l2rjwh56">Sweden</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500123900">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/237509">RKD Artists</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/981427">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118971506.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67989rq">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&oldid=1259040744">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Spiegelman&oldid=1259040744</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_artists" title="Category:20th-century American artists">20th-century American artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_Jews" title="Category:20th-century American Jews">20th-century American Jews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_writers" title="Category:20th-century American writers">20th-century American writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_artists" title="Category:21st-century American 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cartoonists">American comic strip cartoonists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_comics_artists" title="Category:American comics artists">American comics artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_comics_writers" title="Category:American comics writers">American comics writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_graphic_novelists" title="Category:American graphic novelists">American graphic novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_postmodern_writers" title="Category:American postmodern writers">American postmodern writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_writers_about_the_Holocaust" title="Category:American writers about the Holocaust">American writers about the Holocaust</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_comics_creators" title="Category:Jewish American comics creators">Jewish American comics creators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_novelists" title="Category:Jewish American novelists">Jewish 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[\"CITEREFCorriere_della_Sera_staff2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Arcy2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisner_Awards_staff2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpel2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFathers2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischerFischer2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrahm2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrishakovaRyan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammarlund2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey_Awards_staff1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHays2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeater2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeller2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirsch2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorowitz1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamieson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKannenberg2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKannenberg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKensky2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKois2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrayewski2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuskin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLescaze2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiss1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendelsohn2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyers2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMulman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaughtie2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPublishers_Weekly_staff1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPublishers_Weekly_staff2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPulitzer_Prizes_staff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandle2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReid2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothberg2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaub2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShandler2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolomon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpiegelman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpiegelmanSendak1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeicholz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTemple2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Topps_Company_Inc.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Topps_Company_Inc.2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTime_staff2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTraini1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiss2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitek1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitek2007a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitek2007b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZuk2013\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 3,\n [\"American Book Awards\"] = 1,\n [\"Art Spiegelman\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control (arts)\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 40,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 27,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Spiegelman, Art\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox comics creator\"] = 1,\n [\"Inkpot Award 1980s\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"No.\"] = 1,\n [\"Not a typo\"] = 6,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations Letters\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 184,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 6,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 13,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Sisterlinks\"] = 1,\n [\"Underground comix cartoonists\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"`\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","21.2"],["?","160","15.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","11.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","5.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","5.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","5.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.8"],["(for generator) \u003Cmw.lua:684\u003E","40","3.8"],["next","40","3.8"],["citation0 \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:2614\u003E","40","3.8"],["[others]","200","19.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qpbcg","timestamp":"20241124161056","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Art Spiegelman","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_Spiegelman","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q325945","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q325945","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-25T23:57:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T01:28:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a7\/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Art_Spiegelman_-_001.jpg","headline":"American cartoonist and 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