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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pengasas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengasas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pengasas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengasas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkembangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkembangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Perkembangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perkembangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pegangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pegangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pegangan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pegangan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Pegangan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pegangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allah_dan_Sifat-sifat_Allah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allah_dan_Sifat-sifat_Allah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Allah dan Sifat-sifat Allah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allah_dan_Sifat-sifat_Allah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allah_dan_Hubungan_dengan_Manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allah_dan_Hubungan_dengan_Manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Allah dan Hubungan dengan Manusia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allah_dan_Hubungan_dengan_Manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nabi_dan_benda-benda_ghaib" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nabi_dan_benda-benda_ghaib"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nabi dan benda-benda ghaib</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nabi_dan_benda-benda_ghaib-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asy'ariyah_dan_akal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asy'ariyah_dan_akal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Asy'ariyah dan akal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asy'ariyah_dan_akal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kitab-kitab_utama_Asy'ariyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kitab-kitab_utama_Asy'ariyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kitab-kitab utama Asy'ariyah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kitab-kitab_utama_Asy'ariyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ulama-ulama_Asy'ariyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulama-ulama_Asy'ariyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ulama-ulama Asy'ariyah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulama-ulama_Asy'ariyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asya'irah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 41 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أشعرية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أشعرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8F%C5%9F%C9%99ril%C9%99r" title="Əşərilər – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əşərilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asy%27ariyah" title="Asy'ariyah – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asy'ariyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="আশআরি – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আশআরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%88%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әшғариҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әшғариҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aixarisme" title="Aixarisme – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aixarisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asch%CA%BFar%C4%ABya" title="Aschʿarīya – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aschʿarīya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ash'arism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashariyyah" title="Ashariyyah – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ashariyyah" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Darijo" title="Aŝarijo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŝarijo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اشاعره – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشاعره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acharisme" title="Acharisme – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acharisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աշարիականություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշարիականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="अशारी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अशारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashariti" title="Ashariti – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ashariti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="אשעריה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשעריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Ашғари мазһабы – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ашғари мазһабы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="അശ്അരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അശ്അരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اشعريه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اشعريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asy%27ariyah" title="Asy'ariyah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Asy'ariyah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asharisme" title="Asharisme – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Asharisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="アシュアリー学派 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アシュアリー学派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%CA%BCariylar" title="Ashʼariylar – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ashʼariylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اشاعره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اشاعره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aszaryci" title="Aszaryci – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aszaryci" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaxarismo" title="Alaxarismo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alaxarismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teologia_Ash%27arit%C4%83" title="Teologia Ash'arită – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teologia Ash'arită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ашариты – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ашариты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esharizmi" title="Esharizmi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Esharizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ash'arism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashcariya" title="Ashcariya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ashcariya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA" title="ئەشعەریەت – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەشعەریەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%A1%E2%80%99ariitit" title="Aš’ariitit – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aš’ariitit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asharitiska_skolan" title="Asharitiska skolan – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Asharitiska skolan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="அஷ்அரிய்யா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அஷ்அரிய்யா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ашъария – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ашъария" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9F%27arilik" title="Eş'arilik – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eş'arilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ашарити – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ашарити" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اشعری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اشعری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئەشئارىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەشئارىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BB%80%E7%88%BE%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%BE" title="艾什爾里派 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾什爾里派" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q539918#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asya%27irah" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Asya%27irah" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asya%27irah"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asya%27irah"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Asya%27irah" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Asya%27irah" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&oldid=6364661" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Asya%27irah&id=6364661&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAsya%2527irah"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAsya%2527irah"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Asya%27irah"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Asya%27irah&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ash%27arism" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q539918" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6349617">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Sebahagian daripada <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">siri</a> berkaitan</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/110px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/165px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/220px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Islam_dan_iman" title="Templat:Islam dan iman">Pegangan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Iman" title="Rukun Iman"><b>Rukun Iman</b></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Tauhid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monoteisme" title="Monoteisme">Keesaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuhan_dalam_Islam" title="Tuhan dalam Islam">Tuhan</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaikat">Malaikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci_Islam" title="Kitab suci Islam">Kitab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi">Nabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Akhirat" title="Hari Akhirat">Hari Akhirat</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qada_dan_Qadar" title="Qada dan Qadar">Qada dan Qadar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Islam" title="Rukun Islam"><b>Rukun Islam</b></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syahadah" title="Syahadah">Pengakuan keimanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solat" title="Solat">Mendirikan sembahyang</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Menunaikan zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puasa_(Islam)" title="Puasa (Islam)">Berpuasa di bulan ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji" title="Haji">Melaksanakan haji jika mampu</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabang_dan_mazhab_Islam" title="Cabang dan mazhab Islam">Mazhab akidah</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ahli_Sunah_Waljamaah" title="Ahli Sunah Waljamaah">Ahli Sunah</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asya'irah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidi" title="Maturidi">Maturidiyah</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamiyyah" title="Imamiyyah">Imamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailiyah" title="Ismailiyah">Ismailiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah">Zaidiyah</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muktazilah" title="Muktazilah">Muktazilah</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Fiqh" title="Templat:Fiqh">Perundangan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fiqah" title="Fiqah">Topik utama</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadah">Ibadah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkahwinan_menurut_Islam" title="Perkahwinan menurut Islam">Munakahah</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Muamalah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_ekonomi_Islam" title="Sistem ekonomi Islam">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politik_Islam" title="Politik Islam">Politik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh_jenayah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiqh jenayah">Jenayah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabang_dan_mazhab_Islam" title="Cabang dan mazhab Islam">Mazhab fiqah</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahli_Sunah_Waljamaah" title="Ahli Sunah Waljamaah"><b>Sunni</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Hanafi" title="Mazhab Hanafi">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Syafii" title="Mazhab Syafii">Syafii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Maliki" title="Mazhab Maliki">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Hanbali" title="Mazhab Hanbali">Hanbali</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamiyyah" title="Imamiyyah">Imamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailiyah" title="Ismailiyah">Ismailiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah">Zaidiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kaisaniyyah" title="Al-Kaisaniyyah">Kaisaniyah</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hukum_Islam" title="Templat:Hukum Islam"><b>Hukum dalam Islam</b></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;">Sumber</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Templat:Quran" title="Templat:Quran">Al-Quran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Templat:Hadis" title="Templat:Hadis">Hadis</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quran" title="Al-Quran">Al-Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah Nabi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sirah_Rasulullah" title="Sirah Rasulullah">Sirah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Islam" title="Sejarah Islam">Sejarah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garis_masa_sejarah_Islam" title="Garis masa sejarah Islam">Garis masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad_SAW" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Muhammad SAW">Nabi Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlul_Bait" title="Ahlul Bait">Keluarga Nabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">Sahabat Nabi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">Khalifah</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khulafa_al-Rasyidin" title="Khulafa al-Rasyidin">Khulafa al-Rasyidin</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khilafah" title="Khilafah">Khilafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(doktrin_Syiah)" title="Imamah (doktrin Syiah)">Imamah</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakwah" title="Dakwah">Dakwah</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Penyebaran_Islam" title="Penyebaran Islam">Penyebaran Islam</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan_Islam" title="Kebudayaan Islam">Budaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Islam" title="Dunia Islam">masyarakat</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengajian_Islam" title="Pengajian Islam">Akademik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_mengikut_negara" title="Islam mengikut negara">Demografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_ekonomi_Islam" title="Sistem ekonomi Islam">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsafah_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falsafah Islam (laman tidak wujud)">Falsafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_haiwan" title="Islam dan haiwan">Haiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takwim_Hijrah" title="Takwim Hijrah">Kalender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_kanak-kanak" title="Islam dan kanak-kanak">Kanak-kanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunat" title="Sunat">Khatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_tersuci_dalam_Islam" title="Kawasan tersuci dalam Islam">Kota Suci</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madinah_al-Munawwarah" title="Madinah al-Munawwarah">Madinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baitulmaqdis" class="mw-redirect" title="Baitulmaqdis">Baitulmaqdis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestin" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestin">Palestin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesufian" title="Kesufian">Kesufian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebajikan_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebajikan Islam (laman tidak wujud)">Kebajikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan_Islam" title="Kesusasteraan Islam">Kesusateraan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_dalam_Islam" title="LGBT dalam Islam">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasah" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid" title="Masjid">Masjid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Masjid Nabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Aqsa" title="Masjid al-Aqsa">Masjid al-Aqsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzik_Islam" title="Muzik Islam">Muzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institusi_pendidikan_dalam_Islam" title="Institusi pendidikan dalam Islam">Pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perayaan_Islam" title="Perayaan Islam">Perayaan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Raya_Aidilfitri" title="Hari Raya Aidilfitri">Aidilfitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Raya_Aidiladha" title="Hari Raya Aidiladha">Aidiladha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perbankan_Islam" title="Perbankan Islam">Perbankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politik_Islam" title="Politik Islam">Politik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Islam_mengenai_perhambaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Islam mengenai perhambaan (laman tidak wujud)">Perhambaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruqyah" title="Ruqyah">Rawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni Islam">Seni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_sains" title="Islam dan sains">Sains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_orang_Islam" title="Senarai orang Islam">Tokoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanita_dalam_Islam" title="Wanita dalam Islam">Wanita</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">Topik berkaitan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murtad_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murtad dalam Islam (laman tidak wujud)">Keluar daripada Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritikan_terhadap_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritikan terhadap Islam (laman tidak wujud)">Kritikan terhadap Islam</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kritikan_terhadap_Muhammad" title="Kritikan terhadap Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritikan_terhadap_al-Quran" title="Kritikan terhadap al-Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritikan_Hadis" title="Kritikan Hadis">Hadis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_agama_lain" title="Islam dan agama lain">Islam dan agama lain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamadun_Islam" title="Tamadun Islam">Ketamadunan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam" title="Zaman Kegemilangan Islam">Zaman kegemilangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_keganasan" title="Islam dan keganasan">Keganasan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Militan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Militan">Pelampau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perang_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kategori:Perang Islam">Perang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_umat_Islam" title="Penindasan umat Islam">Penindasan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofobia" title="Islamofobia">Islamofobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Islamisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme_Islam" title="Fundamentalisme Islam">Fundamentalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Islam" title="Gerakan Islam">Gerakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_sekularisme" title="Islam dan sekularisme">Sekularisme</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_istilah_Islam_dalam_bahasa_Arab" title="Senarai istilah Islam dalam bahasa Arab">Glosari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Ikon portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Islam" title="Templat:Islam"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Islam" title="Perbincangan templat:Islam"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Islam&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6349617"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Sebahagian daripada <a href="/wiki/Templat:Islam" title="Templat:Islam">siri</a> berkaitan</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Ahli_Sunah_Waljamaah" title="Ahli Sunah Waljamaah">Ahli Sunah Waljamaah</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ahlul_Sunnah.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/200px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/300px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/400px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;">Rujukan utama</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Templat:Quran" title="Templat:Quran">Al-Quran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Templat:Hadis" title="Templat:Hadis">Hadis</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quran" title="Al-Quran">Al-Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah Nabi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sirah_Rasulullah" title="Sirah Rasulullah">Sirah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Enam_kitab_hadis_utama" title="Enam kitab hadis utama">Kitab hadis utama</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Bukhari" title="Sahih Bukhari">Sahih Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Nasa%27i" title="Sunan al-Nasa'i">Sunan al-Nasa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Daud" title="Sunan Abu Daud">Sunan Abu Daud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Tirmizi" title="Sunan al-Tirmizi">Sunan al-Tirmizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ibnu_Majah" title="Sunan Ibnu Majah">Sunan Ibnu Majah</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Kitab hadis lain</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta Imam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Al-Darimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Al-Darimi">Sunan Al-Darimi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;">Cabang teologi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asya'irah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidi" title="Maturidi">Maturidiyah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;">Cabang fiqah</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Hanafi" title="Mazhab Hanafi">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Syafii" title="Mazhab Syafii">Syafii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Maliki" title="Mazhab Maliki">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Hanbali" title="Mazhab Hanbali">Hanbali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;">Pandangan tasawuf</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junaid_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junaid al-Baghdadi (laman tidak wujud)">Imam Junaid al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamid_al-Ghazali" title="Abu Hamid al-Ghazali">Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ataillah_as-Sakandari" title="Ibn Ataillah as-Sakandari">Imam Ibnu Ataillah al-Sakandari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abul_Hasan_al-Syazili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abul Hasan al-Syazili (laman tidak wujud)">Imam Abul Hasan al-Syazili</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;">Pandangan politik</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">Khalifah</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khulafa_al-Rasyidin" title="Khulafa al-Rasyidin">Khulafa al-Rasyidin</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_as-Siddiq" title="Abu Bakar as-Siddiq">Khalifah Abu Bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Al-Khattab" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar Al-Khattab">Khalifah Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman_bin_Affan" title="Uthman bin Affan">Khalifah Usman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Talib" title="Ali bin Abi Talib">Khalifah Ali</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam" title="Zaman Kegemilangan Islam">Zaman kegemilangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Islamisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme_Islam" title="Fundamentalisme Islam">Fundamentalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Islam" title="Gerakan Islam">Gerakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Ikon portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5375175"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Islam" title="Templat:Islam"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Islam" title="Perbincangan templat:Islam"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Islam&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Asya'irah</b> atau <b>Asy'ariyah (</b><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أشعرية</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span> <i>al-ʾAšʿarīyah</i> atau <span title="Arab-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْأَشَاعِرَة</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span> <i>al-ʾAšāʿirah</i>) merupakan satu aliran utama dalam pengajian <a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">aqidah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahli_Sunah_Waljamaah" title="Ahli Sunah Waljamaah">Ahli Sunah Waljamaah</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aliran ini digagaskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari">Imam Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Asyari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seorang <a href="/wiki/Faqih" title="Faqih">faqih</a> <a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Syafii" title="Mazhab Syafii">mazhab Syafii</a> dari abad ke-3 Hijrah/ke-9–ke-10 Masihi.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia merupakan aliran rasionalis aqli-naqli<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang bergandingan dengan kelompok Maturidiyah<sup id="cite_ref-Thiele_2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiele_2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_19982_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson_19982-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Athariyah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalverson20109_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalverson20109-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2013193–194_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2013193–194-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alirah Asy'ariyah mengasaskan jalan tengah antara aqidah aliran Athariyah dan <a href="/wiki/Muktazilah" title="Muktazilah">Muktazilah</a> dalam teologi Islam, yang bergantung pada <a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci_Islam" title="Kitab suci Islam">kitab suci Islam</a> dan juga rasionalisme teologi berkenaan dengan kuasa dan sifat-sifat Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasr_2006_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr_2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asy'ariyah akhirnya menjadi aliran dominan dalam Ahli Sunah Waljamaah<sup id="cite_ref-Islamica_2015_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamica_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_1998_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson_1998-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan dianggap aliran teologi paling penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Islam" title="Sejarah Islam">sejarah Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamica_2015_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamica_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antara tokoh Asy'ariyah yang terkenal ialah <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamid_al-Ghazali" title="Abu Hamid al-Ghazali">Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzuddin_Abdul_Salam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izzuddin Abdul Salam (laman tidak wujud)">Sultan al-Ulama' Syeikh 'Izzuddin Abdul Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_al-Suyuti" title="Jalaluddin al-Suyuti">Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti</a>, Ibnu al-Jauzi, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Nawawi" title="Imam Nawawi">al-Nawawi</a>, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Ibnu Asakir, al-Subki, al-Taftazani, al-Baqillani dan al-Baihaqi.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ulama dan ilmuwan yang mengikuti Asy'ariyah termasuk al-Biruni, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haitham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Haitham">Ibnu al-Haitham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nafis_al-Dimashqi" title="Ibn al-Nafis al-Dimashqi">Ibnu al-Nafis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibnu Battutah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun">Ibnu Khaldun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengasas">Pengasas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengasas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengasas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu al-Ḥasan al-Asy'ari</a> dilahirkan di <a href="/wiki/Basrah" title="Basrah">Basra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-John_L._Esposito_p_54_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_L._Esposito_p_54-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iraq, dan merupakan keturunan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa_Al-Asya%27ari" title="Abu Musa Al-Asya'ari">Abu Musa al-Asy'ari</a>, generasi pertama <a href="/wiki/Sahabat_nabi" title="Sahabat nabi">sahabat</a> terdekat Nabi Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-I.M.N._Al-Jubouri_p_182_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I.M.N._Al-Jubouri_p_182-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semasa muda beliau belajar dengan al-Jubba'i, seorang guru <a href="/wiki/Muktazilah" title="Muktazilah">teologi Muktazilah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Falsafah_Islam_awal" title="Falsafah Islam awal">falsafah</a> yang terkenal.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beliau terkenal dengan ajarannya tentang atomisme atau zarriyah,<sup id="cite_ref-Hye_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hye-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> antara falsafah Islam yang terawal, dan bagi al-Asy'ari inilah asas untuk menyebarkan pandangan bahawa Allah mencipta setiap saat dalam <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> dan setiap zarah <a href="/wiki/Jirim" title="Jirim">jirim</a>. Walau bagaimanapun, beliau percaya kepada <a href="/wiki/Tekad_bebas" title="Tekad bebas">kebebasan memilih</a> dan takdir, menghuraikan pemikiran Dirar bin 'Amr dan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifah" title="Abu Hanifah">Abu Hanifah</a> menjadi teori "dua ejen" atau "pemerolehan" (iktisab) kebebasan memilih.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_petikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Sumber petikan"><span title="Petikan ini memerlukan rujukan kepada halaman tertentu atau muka surat yang mempunyai bahan tersebut muncul. (April 2016)">halaman diperlukan</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> Walaupun al-Asy'ari menentang pandangan aliran Muktazilah, beliau juga menentang pandangan yang menolak semua perdebatan (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بلا كيف</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Terjemahan_literal" title="Terjemahan literal">lit.</a> </small>'tidak ada "bagaimana"'<span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span>), yang dipegang oleh mazhab tertentu seperti mazhab <a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Zahiri" title="Mazhab Zahiri">Zahiri</a> ("ahli literal"), Mujassimiyah (yang percaya Allah bertubuh badan), kerana terlalu menekankan. tentang meniru buta (taqlid) dalam karya beliau <i>Istihsan al-Khaud</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-Hye_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hye-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun sebaliknya, Imam al-Asy'ari mengiyakan ayat-ayat yang samar-samar dalam Al-Quran (seperti tentang tangan dan mata) tanpa bertanya "bagaimana" dan tanpa makna (yakni, beliau menyerahkan makna sebenarnya kepada Allah), yang disebut <i>tafwid</i>. Beliau juga membenarkan cara lain untuk menangani ayat-ayat yang samar-samar dalam al-Quran yang dipanggil <i>ta'wil</i> (tafsir berdasarkan bahasa Arab dan wahyu):</p><blockquote><p>Terdapat satu golongan dalam kalangan masyarakat (iaitu, golongan Zahiriyah dan lain-lain) yang mempergunakan kejahilan mereka; <a href="/wiki/Bahas" title="Bahas">perbincangan</a> dan pemikiran rasional tentang hal-hal keimanan menjadi beban berat bagi mereka. Oleh itu, mereka cenderung kepada kepercayaan membuta tuli (taqlid) tanpa soalan. Mereka mengecam golongan yang cuba menaqlikan prinsip-prinsip agama sebagai "pembawa <a href="/wiki/Bidaah" title="Bidaah">bidaah</a>". Bagi mereka, perbincangan tentang <a href="/wiki/Pergerakan_(fizik)" title="Pergerakan (fizik)">pergerakan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inersia" title="Inersia">pegun</a>, jasad, <a href="/wiki/Kemalangan" title="Kemalangan">kemalangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">warna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruang" title="Ruang">ruang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>, pergerakan atom, dan sifat-sifat <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> adalah bidaah dan <a href="/wiki/Dosa" title="Dosa">dosa</a>. Mereka berkata bahawa jika perbincangan seperti itu benar, sudah pasti <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad" title="Nabi Muhammad">Rasulullah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sahabat_nabi" title="Sahabat nabi">para Sahabat</a> akan melakukannya. Mereka juga menekankan bahawa Rasulullah, sebelum kewafatan baginda, telah membincangkan dan menjelaskan sepenuhnya segala perkara yang penting dari segi agama dan tidak meninggalkan sebarang isu untuk dibahaskan oleh pengikutnya. Oleh sebab itu, perbincangan mengenai isu-isu ini dianggap sebagai bidaah.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perkembangan">Perkembangan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Perkembangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perkembangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asy'ariyah berkembang menjadi mazhab utama dalam <a href="/wiki/Falsafah_Islam_awal" title="Falsafah Islam awal">falsafah Islam awal</a>, dengan asasnya diasaskan oleh al-Asy'ari pada abad ke-3 Hijrah/ke-10 Masihi, berdasarkan metodologi yang diajarkan oleh gerakan Kullabi yang menggunakan hujah rasional untuk mempertahankan aqidah Ahli Sunah. Namun, mazhab Asy'ariyah telah berkembang banyak dalam sejarah, menyebabkan istilah <i>Asy'ari</i> menjadi luas dalam penggunaan moden (contohnya, perbezaan antara Ibnu Furak (m. 406 H) dan al-Baihaqi (m. 384 H)).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagai contoh, Asy'ariyah berpandangan memahami sifat dan ciri Allah adalah di luar kemampuan manusia. Penyelesaian yang dicadangkan oleh al-Asy'ari untuk menyelesaikan masalah tasybih (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تشبيه</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span>, membandingkan Allah dengan ciptaan) dan taktil (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَعْطِيل‎</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span>, melucutkan sifat Allah) mengakui bahawa Zat Yang Maha Esa benar-benar memiliki sifat-sifat dan nama-nama yang disebutkan dalam al-Quran. Sifat-sifat dan nama-nama ini tersendiri daripada Zat Yang Maha Esa, tetapi ia tidak boleh wujud atau nyata tanpanya. </p><p>Idea al-Asy'ari dalam hal ini adalah untuk membezakan antara zat dan sifat sebagai konsep, serta memahami perbezaan antara zat dan sifat perlu dilihat pada tahap kualitatif, bukan kuantitatif—sesuatu yang pemikir Muktazilah gagal memahami.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbin1993115_&_116_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbin1993115_&_116-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahli teologi Asy'ariyah dikenali oleh golongan Muʿtazilah sebagai muthbitah (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مثبتة</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span>, golongan yang meneguhkan).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fail:Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg/240px-Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg/360px-Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg/480px-Tunis_mosque_1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1981" data-file-height="1451" /></a><figcaption>Masjid Al-Zaytuna di <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, salah satu pusat pengajian Islam terpenting yang menyumbang kepada penyebaran pemikiran Asy'ariyah di <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pegangan">Pegangan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pegangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pegangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dua sumber popular pandangan Asy'ariyah ialah <i>Maqalat al-Islamiyin</i> dan <i>al-Ibanah 'an Usul al-Diyanah</i> (Huraian tentang Dasar-dasar Agama).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allah_dan_Sifat-sifat_Allah">Allah dan Sifat-sifat Allah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Allah dan Sifat-sifat Allah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Allah dan Sifat-sifat Allah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asy'ariyah mempunyai pandangan tentang sifat Allah yang unik kepada mereka, seperti:<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Wujud;</li> <li>Sedia ada tanpa permulaan;</li> <li>Kekal tanpa penghujung;</li> <li>Mutlak dan bebas;</li> <li>Tidak sama dengan ciptaan;</li> <li>Esa;</li> <li>Allah Maha Kuasa, Berkehendak, Mengetahui, Hidup, Melihat, Mendengar, dan Berkata-kata (sifat-sifat).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allah_dan_Hubungan_dengan_Manusia">Allah dan Hubungan dengan Manusia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Allah dan Hubungan dengan Manusia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Allah dan Hubungan dengan Manusia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mazhab Asy'ariyah dalam teologi Islam berpandangan: </p> <ul><li>Allah memiliki kekuasaan mutlak (Maha Kuasa).</li> <li>Baik dan buruk berdasarkan perintah Allah. Kebaikan ialah apa yang diperintahkan oleh Allah—seperti yang dinyatakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Al-Quran" title="Al-Quran">al-Quran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">hadis</a>—dan adalah adil; kejahatan ialah apa yang dilarang oleh Allah serta tidak adil.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benar dan salah tidak ditentukan mengikut hati atau semula jadi, dan bukan realiti objektif.<sup id="cite_ref-brown-2014-53_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-2014-53-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tiada Hukum Semula Jadi: Disebabkan oleh keagungan Allah, tiada "hukum semula jadi" (seperti termodinamik atau graviti) kerana hukum-hukum sebegini meletakkan had terhadap kuasa Allah. Akan tetapi, ada "kebiasaan" atau "adat" Ilahi, yang mana "kesan tertentu" biasanya mengikut "sebab-sebab tertentu" dalam alam semula jadi.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Semua Tindakan Manusia Dicipta oleh Allah: Oleh sebab kuasa Allah, semua tindakan manusia—malah keputusan untuk mengangkat jari—dicipta oleh Allah. Hal ini pernah menjadi <a href="/wiki/Qada_dan_Qadar#Pandangan_selain_Ahli_Sunnah_Waljma'ah_(Pandangan_Sesat)" title="Qada dan Qadar">kontroversi dalam sejarah Islam</a> kerana manusia diadili berdasarkan tindakan mereka apabila dihantar ke syurga atau neraka. Tokoh-tokoh Asy'ariyah telah mendamaikan doktrin kebebasan memilih, keadilan, dan kekuasaan Allah dengan doktrin mereka sendiri tentang <i>kasb</i> (perolehan), yang mana manusia "memperoleh" tanggungjawab atas tindakan sendiri<sup id="cite_ref-glasse-62-3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glasse-62-3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> walaupun tindakan tersebut dikehendaki dan dicipta oleh Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di bawah doktrin ini, manusia masih memiliki kebebasan memilih (atau lebih tepat, kebebasan niat) tetapi kebebasan manusia terbatas pada memilih antara kemungkinan yang dicipta oleh Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2013193–194_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2013193–194-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al-Quran ialah Kalimah Allah yang Tidak Dicipta: Al-Quran bukan ciptaan Allah tetapi telah wujud sejak azali, seperti Allah. Namun, ia juga boleh dianggap diciptakan apabila ia muncul dalam bentuk huruf atau bunyi.<sup id="cite_ref-glasse-62-3_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glasse-62-3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sifat Tersendiri Allah Tidak Dapat Difahami Sepenuhnya oleh Akal Manusia: Akal dan deria fizikal manusia tidak mampu memahami hakikat dan sifat unik Allah secara sepenuhnya.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Akal ialah Kurniaan Allah: Akal fikiran ialah anugerah daripada Allah dan mesti digunakan untuk mencari ilmu pengetahuan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2013193–194_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2013193–194-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pengajian Ilmiah Disyariatkan: Al-Quran dan <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad" title="Nabi Muhammad">Nabi Muhammad</a> menganjurkan pengkajian intelektual, maka pentafsiran al-Quran dan hadis perlu berkembang dengan bantuan tafsir yang terdahulu.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hanya Allah yang Mengetahui Isi <a href="/wiki/Qalbu" title="Qalbu">Hati</a>: Hanya Allah yang tahu siapa yang benar-benar beriman dan siapa yang tidak.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kebebasan Mutlak Allah untuk Menghukum atau Memberi Ganjaran: Allah memiliki "kebebasan mutlak" untuk "menghukum atau memberi ganjaran sesuka-Nya"<sup id="cite_ref-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan boleh mengampuni dosa penghuni neraka.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Menyokong Kalām (Teologi Rasionalistik Islam): Mazhab Asy'ariyah menyokong kalām, iaitu pendekatan rasional dalam teologi Islam.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nabi_dan_benda-benda_ghaib">Nabi dan benda-benda ghaib</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Nabi dan benda-benda ghaib" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nabi dan benda-benda ghaib"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asy'ariyah selanjutnya menegaskan umat Islam berpegang: </p> <ul><li>Pada semua nabi dan rasul Islam, daripada <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Adam" title="Nabi Adam">Nabi Adam</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad" title="Nabi Muhammad">Nabi Muhammad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Isa" title="Nabi Isa">Nabi Isa</a> akan kembali ke bumi dan mengalahkan <a href="/wiki/Dajjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dajjal">Dajjal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Percaya kepada <a href="/wiki/Malaikat_dalam_Islam" title="Malaikat dalam Islam">malaikat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Termasuk malaikat kubur (<a href="/wiki/Munkar_dan_Nakir" title="Munkar dan Nakir">Munkar dan Nakir</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bahawa <a href="/wiki/Syaitan" title="Syaitan">syaitan</a> menggoda manusia, bertentangan dengan pandangan Muktazilah dan Jahmiyah (dua aliran ini hanya terdapat dalam <i>Ibana</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Syurga dan neraka wujud.</li> <li>Bahawa doa untuk orang Islam yang mati dan sedekah sampai kepada mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Semasa tidur, mimpi boleh membawa petanda dan mempunyai tafsiran ("tafsiran" hanya terdapat dalam <i>Ibana</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kewujudan ahli sihir dan sihir itu ialah kenyataan di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bahawa <a href="/wiki/Jin" title="Jin">jin</a> adalah nyata dan mampu merasuk tubuh manusia, walaupun tidak disebutkan dalam karya-karya di atas, ramai ahli Asy'ariyah menganggap ini sebagai sebahagian daripada aqidah.<sup id="cite_ref-Böttcher–2021_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Böttcher–2021-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asy'ariyah_dan_akal"><span id="Asy.27ariyah_dan_akal"></span>Asy'ariyah dan akal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Asy'ariyah dan akal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Asy'ariyah dan akal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada awalnya, Asy'ariyah dikatakan mengikuti kaedah yang menggabungkan akal dan wahyu.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini berbeza dengan sebahagian ahli Asy'ariyah yang menegaskan barang siapa beriman tanpa berfikir (<i>mukallid</i>) dia tidak boleh menjadi mukmin sebenar.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pandangan ini menunjukkan bahawa menganut agama tanpa menggunakan akal dan fikiran dianggap tidak sah menurut mereka. </p><p>Zaman kemudiannya, sebahagian Asy'ariah mengutamakan akal dan meletakkan wahyu di tempat kedua, menyatakan bahawa wahyu tidak mungkin bertentangan dengan akal.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contohnya termasuk <a href="/wiki/Al-Juwaini" title="Al-Juwaini">al-Juwaini</a>, al-Ghazali, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dan Qadi Baidawi. Majoriti Asy'ariyah menambah bahawa hanya akal yang memberikan ilmu tertentu, manakala wahyu hanyalah tekaan dan tidak dapat memberikan pengetahuan atau kepastian.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerana pandangan ini, mereka dikritik oleh golongan <a href="/wiki/Salafi" title="Salafi">Salafi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bertentangan dengan ini, sesetengah seperti al-Taftazani kadang-kadang menyatakan bahawa wahyu juga mewakili ilmu, manakala Ibnu al-Tilimsanī mengkritik al-Razi, bertanya kalau semua wahyu adalah tekaan, masakan pula fatwa dapat dijustifikasikan? Beliau menyatakan bahawa wahyu tidak boleh berasaskan tekaan semata-mata.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kitab-kitab_utama_Asy'ariyah"><span id="Kitab-kitab_utama_Asy.27ariyah"></span>Kitab-kitab utama Asy'ariyah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Kitab-kitab utama Asy'ariyah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kitab-kitab utama Asy'ariyah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasil karya Imam Asy'ari termasuk: </p> <ol><li><i>Al-Ibanah ‘an Usul al-Diyanah.</i></li> <li><i>Al-Luma’ fi Radd ‘ala Ahl al-Zaigh wa al-Bida‘.</i></li> <li><i>Maqalat al-Islamiyyin wa Ikhtilaf al-Musallin.</i></li> <li><i>Risalah fi Istihsan al-Khawd fi ‘Ilm al-Kalam.</i></li> <li><i>Qawl Jumlah Ashab al-Hadith wa Ahl al-Sunnah fi al-I‘tiqad.</i></li> <li><i>Risalah fi Radd `ala Ahl al-Thughr bi-Bab al-Abwab.</i></li></ol> <p>Karya-karya imam mazhab seperti berikut </p> <ol><li><i>Qawa’id al-‘Aqa’id</i> karya Imam al-Ghazali.</li> <li><i>Al-Iqtisad fi al-I’tiqad</i> karya Imam al-Ghazali</li></ol> <p>Tokoh ulama Asy'ariyah Tanah Melayu tidak kurang mengeluarkan kitab-kitab aqidah Asy'ariyah termasuklah. </p> <ol><li><i>Durar al-Fara’id bi Syarh al-‘Aqa’id</i> karya Sheikh Nuruddin ar-Raniri</li> <li><i>Bidayah al-Hidayah</i> karya Syeikh Muhammad Zain bin Faqih Jalaluddin Aceh</li> <li><i>Zahrah al-Murid fi Bayan Kalimah al-Tauhid</i> karya Sheikh Abdus Shamad al-Falimbani</li> <li><i>Faridat al-Fara’id fi ‘Ilm al-‘Aqa’id</i> karya Syeikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fatani</li> <li><i>‘Aqidat al-Najin fi ‘Ilm Usul al-Din</i> karya Syeikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fatani</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ulama-ulama_Asy'ariyah"><span id="Ulama-ulama_Asy.27ariyah"></span>Ulama-ulama Asy'ariyah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Ulama-ulama Asy'ariyah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ulama-ulama Asy'ariyah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tokoh-tokoh ulama yang terkemuka dalam golongan al-Asy'ariyah:<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tahun </th> <th>Nama </th></tr> <tr> <td>m.403/1013 </td> <td>Al-Baqillani [Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Tayyib] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.406/1015 </td> <td>Ibnu Furak [Abu Bakr Muhammad bin al-Hasan] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.418/1027 </td> <td>Al-Isfara'ini, [Abu Ishaq] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.429/1037 </td> <td>Al-Baghdadi [Abu Mansur Abd Qahir bin Tahir] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.444/1052 </td> <td>Al-Samnani, [Abu Ja`far] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.460/1072 </td> <td>Al-Qusyairi, [Abu al-Qasim] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.478/1085 </td> <td>Al-Juwaini [`Abd al-Malik bin `Abd-Allah bin Yusuf] Imam al-Haramayn </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.505/1111 </td> <td>Al-Ghazali [Abu Hamid Muhammad] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.548/1153 </td> <td>Al-Syahrastani [Abu al-Fath Muhammad `Abd al-Karim bin Abi Bakr Ahmad] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.606/1210 </td> <td>Fakhr al-Din al-Razi [Abu `Abd-Allah Muhammad bin `Umar] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.756/1355 </td> <td>Al-Iji [`Adud al-Din `Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmad] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.816/1413 </td> <td>Al-Jurjani [Abu Bakr `Abd al-Qahir bin `Abd al-Rahman] </td></tr> <tr> <td>m.895/1490/ </td> <td>Al-Sanusi [Abu `Abd-Allah Muhammad bin Yusuf bin `Umar bin Syu`aib] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith <i>The New Encyclopedia of Islam</i> Rowman Altamira 2003 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-759-10190-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-759-10190-6">978-0-759-10190-6</a> page 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPall2013" class="citation book cs1">Pall, Zoltan (31 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T-t3RAysVJkC&pg=PA18&dq=ash'ari+dominates#q=ash'ari%20dominates"><i>Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe</i></a>. Amsterdam University Press. m/s. 18. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9789089644510" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9789089644510"><bdi>9789089644510</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lebanese+Salafis+Between+the+Gulf+and+Europe&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft.isbn=9789089644510&rft.aulast=Pall&rft.aufirst=Zoltan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT-t3RAysVJkC%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3Dash%27ari%2Bdominates%23q%3Dash%27ari%2520dominates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari fima Nussiba ila al-Imam al-Ash`ari (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_%27Asakir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn 'Asakir (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn 'Asakir</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasr_2006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasr_2006_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasr_2006_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasr_2006_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNasr2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr (laman tidak wujud)">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0ZFkdlCFnYC&pg=PA124">"Part 3: Islamic Philosophy in History – Dimensions of the Islamic Intellectual Tradition: Kalām, Philosophy, and Spirituality"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Philosophy_from_its_Origin_to_the_Present:_Philosophy_in_the_Land_of_Prophecy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Philosophy from its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy (laman tidak wujud)">Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy</a></i>. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=SUNY_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SUNY Press (laman tidak wujud)">SUNY Press</a>. m/s. 124–126. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7914-6800-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7914-6800-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-6800-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Kawalan_Perpustakaan_Kongres" title="Nombor Kawalan Perpustakaan Kongres">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/2005023943">2005023943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+3%3A+Islamic+Philosophy+in+History+%E2%80%93+Dimensions+of+the+Islamic+Intellectual+Tradition%3A+Kal%C4%81m%2C+Philosophy%2C+and+Spirituality&rft.btitle=Islamic+Philosophy+from+Its+Origin+to+the+Present%3A+Philosophy+in+the+Land+of+Prophecy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=124-126&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2005023943&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6800-5&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Hossein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0ZFkdlCFnYC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islamica_2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Islamica_2015_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamica_2015_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamica_2015_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJavad_Anvari2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Javad Anvari, Mohammad (2015). "al-Ashʿarī". Dalam Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (penyunting). <i>Encyclopaedia Islamica</i>. Diterjemahkan oleh Melvin-Koushki, Matthew. Leiden and Boston: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1875-9831_isla_COM_0300">10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0300</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1875-9823">1875-9823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-Ash%CA%BFar%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Islamica&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1875-9831_isla_COM_0300&rft.issn=1875-9823&rft.aulast=Javad+Anvari&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiele_2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thiele_2016_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiele_2016_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFThiele2016" class="citation book cs1">Thiele, Jan (2016) [2014]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=70wnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA225">"Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/Tenth–Eleventh Century)"</a>. Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabine_Schmidtke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabine Schmidtke (laman tidak wujud)">Schmidtke, Sabine</a> (penyunting). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology</i>. Oxford and New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. m/s. 225–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199696703.013.45">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.45</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-969670-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-969670-3"><bdi>978-0-19-969670-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Kawalan_Perpustakaan_Kongres" title="Nombor Kawalan Perpustakaan Kongres">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/2016935488">2016935488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+I%3A+Islamic+Theologies+during+the+Formative+and+the+Early+Middle+period+%E2%80%93+Between+Cordoba+and+N%C4%ABs%C4%81b%C5%ABr%3A+The+Emergence+and+Consolidation+of+Ash%CA%BFarism+%28Fourth%E2%80%93Fifth%2FTenth%E2%80%93Eleventh+Century%29&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Islamic+Theology&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=225-241&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016935488&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199696703.013.45&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969670-3&rft.aulast=Thiele&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D70wnDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Nasr_2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr_2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Islamica_2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamica_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thiele_2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiele_2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frank_2020-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frank_2020_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>Frank 2020</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalverson201014–15-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalverson201014–15_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalverson2010">Halverson 2010</a>, m/s. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gyekye, Kwame. "Theology and Law in Islam." (1976): 304-306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fah̲rī, Mağīd. Ethical theories in Islam. Vol. 8. Brill, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hashas, Mohammed. "Is European Islam Experiencing an Ontological Revolution for an Epistemological Awakening?." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31: 4 (2014): 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Nasr_2006_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr_2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frank_2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frank_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalverson201014–15_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalverson201014–15-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henderson_19982-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_19982_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1998" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, John B. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FALN_kpyzEUC&pg=PA55">"The Making of Orthodoxies"</a>. <i>The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns</i>. 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Kritikan beliau terhadap falsafah adalah kritikan Asy’ariyah, begitu selari dengan ahli-ahli Asy’ari sebelum beliau, termasuk Ghazali dan Fakhr al-din al-Razi, yang kedua-duanya disarankan oleh Ibnu Khaldun kepada mereka yang ingin belajar bagaimana untuk menyangkal ahli falsafah.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Intellectual+Decline%3A+A+Response+to+Shaykh+Hamza+Yusuf&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemaydan.com%2F2017%2F11%2Fmyth-intellectual-decline-response-shaykh-hamza-yusuf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziauddin_Sardar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziauddin Sardar (laman tidak wujud)">Sardar, Ziauddin</a> (1998), "Science in Islamic philosophy", <i>Islamic Philosophy</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (laman tidak wujud)">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>, retrieved 2008-02-03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_L._Esposito_p_54-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_L._Esposito_p_54_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John L. 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C.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/53"><i>Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oneworld_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oneworld Publications (laman tidak wujud)">Oneworld Publications</a>. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/53">53</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-78074-420-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-78074-420-9"><bdi>978-1-78074-420-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Misquoting+Muhammad%3A+The+Challenge+and+Choices+of+Interpreting+the+Prophet%27s+Legacy&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78074-420-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+A.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmisquotingmuhamm0000brow%2Fpage%2F53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibb-Mohammedanism-117_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGibb1953" class="citation book cs1">Gibb, H.A.R. (1953) [1949]. <i>Mohammedanism</i>. Oxford University Press. m/s. 117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mohammedanism&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=H.A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glasse-62-3-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-glasse-62-3_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glasse-62-3_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith <i>The New Encyclopedia of Islam</i> Rowman Altamira 2003 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-759-10190-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-759-10190-6">978-0-759-10190-6</a> page 62-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Knysh <i>Islam in Historical Perspective</i> Taylor & Francis 2016 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-317-27339-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-317-27339-4">978-1-317-27339-4</a> page 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ron Geaves <i>Islam Today: An Introduction</i> A&C Black 2010 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-847-06478-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-847-06478-3">978-1-847-06478-3</a> page 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Richard Netton <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> Routledge 2013 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-17960-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-135-17960-1">978-1-135-17960-1</a> page 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdullah Saeed. <i>Islamic Thought: An Introduction</i> Routledge 2006 <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781134225644" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-134-22564-4</a>. Bab 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard McCarthy <i>The theology of al-ash'ari</i> 1953 hlm. 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard McCarthy <i>The theology of al-ash'ari</i> 1953 p. 252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard McCarthy <i>The theology of al-ash'ari</i> 1953 p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Böttcher–2021-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Böttcher–2021_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual Medicine in Muslim Health Management. (2021). Deutschland: Springer International Publishing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">YAVUZ, Yusuf Şevki. Eş'ariyye. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul 1995. c.XI p. 449</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BAĞDÂDÎ, Abdulkâhir. Kitabu Usuli'd-Dîn. Çvr. Ömer AYDIN. İşaret Yayınları, İstanbul 2016. p. 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CÜVEYNÎ, Ebu'l-Me'âlî: Kitâbü'l-İrşâd. Çvr. Prof. Adnan BALOĞLU. T.D.V. Yayınları, Ankara 2016. p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CÜRCÂNÎ, Seyyid Şerîf: Şerhü'l-Mevâkıf, Trcm. Prof.Dr. Ömer TÜRKER, Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015, c. I, p. 440</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">YAVUZ, Yusuf Şevki: Eş'ariyye, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul, 1995, c. XI, s. 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">İBNÜ't-TİLİMSÂNÎ, Abdullah: Nşr. Mahmud Avvad SALİM: Şerhu Me'âlimi Usûli'd-Dîn, Daru'l-Kütübi'l-Mısriyye, Kahire, 2011. p. 125-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUniversiti_Malaya" class="citation journal cs1">Universiti Malaya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.um.edu.my/3668/1/Al-Asy%27ariyyah_Dalam_Dunia_Islam_dan_Malaysia.pdf">"ALIRAN AL-ASY'ARI DAN AL-ASYA'IRAH: PERKEMBANGAN, PENGARUH DAN KESANNYA DALAM DUNIA ISLAM KHUSUSNYA DI ALAM MELAYU"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ALIRAN+AL-ASY%E2%80%98ARI+DAN+AL-ASYA%E2%80%98IRAH%3A+PERKEMBANGAN%2C+PENGARUH+DAN+KESANNYA+DALAM+DUNIA+ISLAM+KHUSUSNYA+DI+ALAM+MELAYU&rft.au=Universiti+Malaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.um.edu.my%2F3668%2F1%2FAl-Asy%2527ariyyah_Dalam_Dunia_Islam_dan_Malaysia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCorbin1993" class="citation book cs1">Corbin, Henry (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UNfgAwAAQBAJ"><i>History of Islamic Philosophy</i></a>. London: Keagan Paul. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781135198886" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781135198886"><bdi>9781135198886</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Islamic+Philosophy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Keagan+Paul&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9781135198886&rft.aulast=Corbin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUNfgAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ensiklopedia Islam</i>. Kuala Lumpur: <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</a>. 2004. m/s. 189–192. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/983-62-7329-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/983-62-7329-3"><bdi>983-62-7329-3</bdi></a><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"> Check <code class="cs1-code">|isbn=</code> value: checksum (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_isbn" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ensiklopedia+Islam&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pages=189-192&rft.pub=Dewan+Bahasa+dan+Pustaka&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2016" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Richard M. (2016) [2008]. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitri_Gutas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitri Gutas (laman tidak wujud)">Gutas, Dimitri</a> (penyunting). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uEX1DwAAQBAJ"><i>Classical Islamic Theology: The Ash'arites. Texts and Studies on the Development and History of Kalam</i></a>. Variorum Collected Studies Series. <b>III</b>. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-86078-979-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-86078-979-6"><bdi>978-0-86078-979-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Kawalan_Perpustakaan_Kongres" title="Nombor Kawalan Perpustakaan Kongres">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/2008927099">2008927099</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Islamic+Theology%3A+The+Ash%27arites.+Texts+and+Studies+on+the+Development+and+History+of+Kalam&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxfordshire&rft.series=Variorum+Collected+Studies+Series&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008927099&rft.isbn=978-0-86078-979-6&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuEX1DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHalverson2010" class="citation book cs1">Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IYzGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12">"The Doctrines of Sunni Theology"</a>. <i>Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. m/s. 13–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230106581_2">10.1057/9780230106581_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-230-10658-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-230-10658-1"><bdi>978-0-230-10658-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Doctrines+of+Sunni+Theology&rft.btitle=Theology+and+Creed+in+Sunni+Islam%3A+The+Muslim+Brotherhood%2C+Ash%27arism%2C+and+Political+Sunnism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=13-31&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230106581_2&rft.isbn=978-0-230-10658-1&rft.aulast=Halverson&rft.aufirst=Jeffry+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIYzGAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2013" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Aaron W. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmGrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA193">"Constituting Identities: Beliefs and Schools"</a>. <i>Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. m/s. 183–202. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-231-53192-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-231-53192-4"><bdi>978-0-231-53192-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/hugh16146.13">10.7312/hugh16146.13</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Constituting+Identities%3A+Beliefs+and+Schools&rft.btitle=Muslim+Identities%3A+An+Introduction+to+Islam&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=183-202&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7312%2Fhugh16146.13%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-231-53192-4&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Aaron+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZmGrAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AAsya%27irah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mazhab_Asyairah" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#01796F; 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_Asyairah_dan_Maturidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai Asyairah dan Maturidi (laman tidak wujud)"><span style="color:orange">Ulama Asyairah</span></a><br />(<span style="color:orange"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a></span>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Maliki" title="Mazhab Maliki">Mazhab Maliki</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibnu_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibnu Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (laman tidak wujud)">Ibnu Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a> (d. 386 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Baqillani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Baqillani (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Baqillani</a> (d. 403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Imran_al-Fasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Imran al-Fasi (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Imran al-Fasi</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibnu_Sidah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibnu Sidah (laman tidak wujud)">Ibnu Sidah</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji (laman tidak wujud)">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a> (d. 474 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_al-Turtushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr al-Turtushi (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Bakr al-Turtushi</a> (d. 520 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Maziri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Maziri (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Maziri</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Barrajan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Barrajan (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Barrajan</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a> (d. 543 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi_Ayyad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qadi Ayyad (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Qadi 'Ayyad</a> (d. 544 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Suhayli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Suhayli (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Suhayli</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Qattan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Qattan (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn al-Qattan</a> (d. 628 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Malik" title="Ibn Malik">Ibn Malik</a> (d. 672 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi (laman tidak wujud)">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a> (d. 684 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Ata_Allah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Ata Allah (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari</a> (d. 709 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Adjurrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Adjurrum (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Adjurrum</a> (d. 723 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Hajj_al-Abdari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari</a> (d. 737 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Juzayy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Juzayy (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Juzayy</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Jundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi (laman tidak wujud)">Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi</a> (d. 776 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ishaq_al-Shatibi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi</a> (d. 790 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Arafa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Arafa (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn 'Arafa</a> (d. 803 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (d. 808 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi (laman tidak wujud)">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> (d. 876 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Zarruq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Zarruq (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad Zarruq</a> (d. 899 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_al-Wansharisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad al-Wansharisi (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad al-Wansharisi</a> (d. 914 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Akhdari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Akhdari (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Akhdari</a> (d. 953 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hattab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hattab (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Hattab</a> (d. 954 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Baba_al-Timbukti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti</a> (d. 1036 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Mohammed_al-Maqqari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Laqani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Laqani (laman tidak wujud)">Ibrahim al-Laqani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Mayyara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Mayyara (laman tidak wujud)">Muhammad Mayyara</a> (d. 1072 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Ashir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Ashir (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn 'Ashir</a> (d. 1090 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hasan_al-Yusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hasan al-Yusi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Hasan al-Yusi</a> (d. 1102 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Zurqani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Zurqani (laman tidak wujud)">Muhammad al-Zurqani</a> (d. 1122 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_al-Dardir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad al-Dardir (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad al-Dardir</a> (d. 1201 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (laman tidak wujud)">M'Hamed al-Azhari</a> (d. 1208 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_ibn_%27Ajiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba</a> (d. 1224 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_al-Tijani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad al-Tijani (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad al-Tijani</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki (laman tidak wujud)">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Sanusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (laman tidak wujud)">Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi</a> (d. 1276 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_%27Ilish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad 'Ilish (laman tidak wujud)">Muhammad 'Ilish</a> (d. 1299 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_al-Ghumari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad al-Ghumari (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad al-Ghumari</a> (d. 1380 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur (laman tidak wujud)">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur</a> (d. 1393 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdel-Halim_Mahmoud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdel-Halim Mahmoud (laman tidak wujud)">Abdel-Halim Mahmoud</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Metwalli_al-Sha%27rawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi (laman tidak wujud)">Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi</a> (d. 1419 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Alawi_al-Maliki" title="Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> (d. 1425 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_el-Tayeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yusuf" title="Hamza Yusuf">Hamza Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazhab_Shafii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazhab Shafii (laman tidak wujud)">Mazhab Shafii</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hibban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Hibban (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Hibban</a> (d. 354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khafif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Khafif (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Khafif</a> (d. 371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri</a> (d. 405 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Furak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Furak (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Furak</a> (d. 406 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfarayini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini</a> (d. 418 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Tha%27labi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Tha'labi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Tha'labi</a> (d. 427 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nu%27aym_al-Isfahani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bayhaqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bayhaqi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Bayhaqi</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 463 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qushayri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qushayri (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Qushayri</a> (d. 465 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> (d. 476 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Qahir_al-Jurjani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani (laman tidak wujud)">Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani</a> (d. 471 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Juwayni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Juwayni (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Juwayni</a> (d. 478 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Raghib_al-Isfahani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Raghib al-Isfahani (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Raghib al-Isfahani</a> (d. 502 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ghazali (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Ghazali</a> (d. 505 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Baghawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Baghawi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Baghawi</a> (d. 516 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Shahrastani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Shahrastani (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Shahrastani</a> (d. 548 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn 'Asakir</a> (d. 571 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> (d. 578 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (laman tidak wujud)">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (d. 606 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Salah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Salah (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn al-Salah</a> (d. 643 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam (laman tidak wujud)">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a> (d. 660 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Nawawi" title="Imam Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> (d. 676 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Baydawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Baydawi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Baydawi</a> (d. 685 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizam_al-Din_al-Nisapuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri (laman tidak wujud)">Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri</a> (d. 728 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamal_al-Din_al-Mizzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi (laman tidak wujud)">Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi</a> (d. 742 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki (laman tidak wujud)">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 756 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Safadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Safadi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Safadi</a> (d. 764 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taj_al-Din_al-Subki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki (laman tidak wujud)">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 771 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shams_al-Din_al-Kirmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shams al-Din al-Kirmani (laman tidak wujud)">Shams al-Din al-Kirmani</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Zarkashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Zarkashi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Zarkashi</a> (d. 794 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zain_al-Din_al-%27Iraqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi (laman tidak wujud)">Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi</a> (d. 806 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur_al-Din_al-Haythami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur al-Din al-Haythami (laman tidak wujud)">Nur al-Din al-Haythami</a> (d. 807 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jazari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Jazari (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn al-Jazari</a> (d. 833 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Maqrizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Maqrizi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Maqrizi</a> (d. 845 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (d. 852 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sakhawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sakhawi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Sakhawi</a> (d. 902 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Suyuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Suyuti (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Suyuti</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nur_al-Din_al-Samhudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nur al-Din al-Samhudi (laman tidak wujud)">Nur al-Din al-Samhudi</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (laman tidak wujud)">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a> (d. 918 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qastallani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qastallani (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Qastallani</a> (d. 923 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakariyya_al-Ansari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari (laman tidak wujud)">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (d. 926 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sha%27rani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sha'rani (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Sha'rani</a> (d. 973 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> (d. 974 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khatib_al-Shirbini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khatib al-Shirbini (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Khatib al-Shirbini</a> (d. 977 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Munawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Munawi (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Munawi</a> (d. 1031 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (laman tidak wujud)">'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad</a> (d. 1132 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_al-Attar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan al-Attar (laman tidak wujud)">Hasan al-Attar</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Bediuzzaman Said Nursi</a> (d. 1379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah_al-Qudah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noah al-Qudah (laman tidak wujud)">Noah al-Qudah</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_al-Harari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah al-Harari (laman tidak wujud)">'Abdallah al-Harari</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Said_Ramadan_al-Bouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Bouti</a> (d. 1434 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_al-Jifri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali al-Jifri (laman tidak wujud)">Ali al-Jifri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibril_Haddad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibril Haddad (laman tidak wujud)">Gibril Haddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Hanbali" title="Mazhab Hanbali">Mazhab Hanbali</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_%27Aqil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn 'Aqil (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn 'Aqil</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jawzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Jawzi (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn al-Jawzi</a> (d. 534 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Zahiri" title="Mazhab Zahiri">Mazhab Zahiri</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Tumart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Tumart (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Tumart</a> (d. 524 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Mada%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Mada' (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Mada'</a> (d. 592 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hayyan_al-Andalusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi</a> (d. 745 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/150px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/225px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/300px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Pemerintah bermazhab Asyairah</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a> (d. 485 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> (d. 500 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Mu%27min&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Mu'min (laman tidak wujud)">'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali</a> (d. 558 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> (d. 589 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Adil_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Adil I (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub</a> (d. 615 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Kamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Kamil (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Kamil</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Damascus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Ashraf Musa</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qutuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qutuz (laman tidak wujud)">Qutuz</a> (d. 658 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Nasir_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Nasir Muhammad (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emir_Abdelkader_al-Jazairi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi (laman tidak wujud)">Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi</a> (d. 1300 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omar_al-Mukhtar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omar al-Mukhtar (laman tidak wujud)">Omar al-Mukhtar</a> (d. 1350 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">'Izz al-Din al-Qassam</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_el-Krim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd el-Krim (laman tidak wujud)">Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi</a> (d. 1382 AH)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohad_Caliphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohad Caliphate (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Muwahhidun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayyubid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayyubid dynasty (laman tidak wujud)">Ayyubid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Kitab Akidah</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabyin_Kadhib_al-Muftari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari (laman tidak wujud)">Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asas_al-Taqdis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asas al-Taqdis (laman tidak wujud)">Asas al-Taqdis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Baz_al-Ashhab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Irshad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Moderation_in_Belief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Moderation in Belief (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sayf_al-Saqil_fi_al-Radd_ala_Ibn_Zafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil (laman tidak wujud)">Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF"><div>Templat berkaitan Asyairah <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Mazhab_Maturidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Mazhab Maturidi (laman tidak wujud)"><span style="color:Orange">Maturidi</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Templat:Mazhab_Hanafi" title="Templat:Mazhab Hanafi"><span style="color:orange">Hanafi</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Mazhab_Maliki" title="Templat:Mazhab Maliki"><span style="color:orange">Maliki</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Mazhab_Syafii" title="Templat:Mazhab Syafii"><span style="color:orange">Syafi'i</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ahli_Sunah_Waljamaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Ahli Sunah Waljamaah"><span style="color:orange">Ahli Sunah Waljamaah</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&oldid=6364661">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asya%27irah&oldid=6364661</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_Wikipedia_memerlukan_petikan_bilangan_muka_surat_dari_April_2016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana Wikipedia 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