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<span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Referent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Referent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Capabilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contested_approaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contested_approaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Contested approaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contested_approaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_contexts_(examples)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_contexts_(examples)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Security contexts (examples)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security_contexts_(examples)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Security contexts (examples) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Security_contexts_(examples)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Computer_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Computer security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Corporate security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Environmental security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Home security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Human security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Information security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>National security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resource_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resource_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Resource security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resource_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perceptions_of_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perceptions_of_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Perceptions of security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perceptions_of_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recurring_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recurring_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Recurring concepts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recurring_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Security</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86" title="أمن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segurid%C3%A1" title="Seguridá – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Seguridá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99hl%C3%BCk%C9%99sizlik" title="Təhlükəsizlik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Təhlükəsizlik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87)" title="নিরাপত্তা (হুমকি থেকে) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিরাপত্তা (হুমকি থেকে)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3-cho%C3%A2n" title="Pó-choân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pó-choân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Сигурност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сигурност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surentez" title="Surentez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Surentez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguretat" title="Seguretat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Seguretat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkerhed" title="Sikkerhed – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sikkerhed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicherheit" title="Sicherheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sicherheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguridad" title="Seguridad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Seguridad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekureco" title="Sekureco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sekureco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segurtasun_(babesa)" title="Segurtasun (babesa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Segurtasun (babesa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="امنیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امنیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9" title="Sûreté – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sûreté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Befeiliging" title="Befeiliging – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Befeiliging" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguridade" title="Seguridade – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Seguridade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="સુરક્ષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સુરક્ષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%95%88" title="보안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सुरक्षा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुरक्षा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigurnost_(od_prijetnji)" title="Sigurnost (od prijetnji) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sigurnost (od prijetnji)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keamanan" title="Keamanan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keamanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicurezza" title="Sicurezza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sicurezza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%98%D7%97%D7%94" title="אבטחה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבטחה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಭದ್ರತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭದ್ರತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="უშიშროება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უშიშროება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usalama" title="Usalama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usalama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewlekar%C3%AE" title="Ewlekarî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ewlekarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keselamatan" title="Keselamatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keselamatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veitaqomaki" title="Veitaqomaki – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Veitaqomaki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beveiliging_en_bewaking" title="Beveiliging en bewaking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beveiliging en bewaking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89" title="保安 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="保安" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkerhet" title="Sikkerhet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sikkerhet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Лӱдыкшыдымылык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лӱдыкшыдымылык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochrona" title="Ochrona – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ochrona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%89%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Защищённость (правовая категория) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Защищённость (правовая категория)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siguria" title="Siguria – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Siguria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security" title="Security – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Security" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekurita" title="Sekurita – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sekurita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnost" title="Varnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Varnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D9%84%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ئەولەھی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەولەھی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Сигурност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сигурност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigurnost" title="Sigurnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sigurnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaamanan" title="Kaamanan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaamanan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turvallisuus" title="Turvallisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turvallisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguridad" title="Seguridad – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Seguridad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87" title="ความมั่นคง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความมั่นคง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Амният – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Амният" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%8E%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%A6" title="ᎤᎾᎦᏎᏍᏗᏕᎦ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᎾᎦᏎᏍᏗᏕᎦ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCvenlik" title="Güvenlik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güvenlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_ninh" title="An ninh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="An ninh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89" title="保安 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="保安" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="זיכערהייט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זיכערהייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89" title="保安 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="保安" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89" title="保安 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="保安" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Security_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Security (disambiguation)">Security (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Security breach" redirects here. For the 2021 video game, see <a href="/wiki/Five_Nights_at_Freddy%27s:_Security_Breach" title="Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach">Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22WAAC_-_SILENCE_MEANS_SECURITY%22_-_NARA_-_515987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%22WAAC_-_SILENCE_MEANS_SECURITY%22_-_NARA_-_515987.jpg/220px-%22WAAC_-_SILENCE_MEANS_SECURITY%22_-_NARA_-_515987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%22WAAC_-_SILENCE_MEANS_SECURITY%22_-_NARA_-_515987.jpg/330px-%22WAAC_-_SILENCE_MEANS_SECURITY%22_-_NARA_-_515987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%22WAAC_-_SILENCE_MEANS_SECURITY%22_-_NARA_-_515987.jpg/440px-%22WAAC_-_SILENCE_MEANS_SECURITY%22_-_NARA_-_515987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps" title="Women's Army Corps">Women's Army Corps</a> (1941–1945) associated <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> with avoiding conversations about war work.</figcaption></figure><p><b>Security</b> is protection from, or resilience against, <a href="/wiki/Potential" title="Potential">potential</a> harm (or other unwanted <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">coercion</a>). <a href="/wiki/Beneficiary" title="Beneficiary">Beneficiaries</a> (technically <a href="/wiki/Referent" title="Referent">referents</a>) of security may be persons and social groups, objects and institutions, ecosystems, or any other entity or phenomenon vulnerable to unwanted change. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20151030_Syrians_and_Iraq_refugees_arrive_at_Skala_Sykamias_Lesvos_Greece_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/20151030_Syrians_and_Iraq_refugees_arrive_at_Skala_Sykamias_Lesvos_Greece_2.jpg/220px-20151030_Syrians_and_Iraq_refugees_arrive_at_Skala_Sykamias_Lesvos_Greece_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/20151030_Syrians_and_Iraq_refugees_arrive_at_Skala_Sykamias_Lesvos_Greece_2.jpg/330px-20151030_Syrians_and_Iraq_refugees_arrive_at_Skala_Sykamias_Lesvos_Greece_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/20151030_Syrians_and_Iraq_refugees_arrive_at_Skala_Sykamias_Lesvos_Greece_2.jpg/440px-20151030_Syrians_and_Iraq_refugees_arrive_at_Skala_Sykamias_Lesvos_Greece_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">Refugees</a> fleeing war and insecurity in Iraq and Syria arrive at <a href="/wiki/Lesbos_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbos Island">Lesbos Island</a>, supported by Spanish volunteers, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>Security mostly refers to protection from hostile forces, but it has a wide range of other senses: for example, as the absence of harm (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_want" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom from want">freedom from want</a>); as the presence of an essential good (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a>); as <a href="/wiki/Resilience_(organizational)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resilience (organizational)">resilience</a> against potential damage or harm (e.g. secure foundations); as secrecy (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">secure telephone line</a>); as containment (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Safe_room" title="Safe room">secure room</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prison_cell" title="Prison cell">cell</a>); and as a state of mind (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Emotional_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional security">emotional security</a>). </p><p>Security is both a feeling and a state of reality. One might feel secure when one is not actually so; or might feel insecure despite being safe. This distinction is usually not very clear to express in the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is also used to refer to acts and systems whose purpose may be to provide security (<a href="/wiki/Security_company" title="Security company">security company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_police" title="Security police">security police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_forces" title="Security forces">security forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_service_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Security service (disambiguation)">security service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_agency" title="Security agency">security agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">security guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">cyber security systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">security cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remote_guarding" title="Remote guarding">remote guarding</a>). Security can be <a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">physical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">virtual</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word 'secure' entered the English language in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is derived from Latin <i>securus</i>, meaning freedom from anxiety: <i>se</i> (without) + <i>cura</i> (care, anxiety).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referent">Referent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Referent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A security <a href="/wiki/Referent" title="Referent">referent</a> is the focus of a security policy or discourse; for example, a referent may be a potential beneficiary (or victim) of a security policy or system. </p><p>Security referents may be persons or social groups, objects, institutions, ecosystems, or any other phenomenon vulnerable to unwanted change by the forces of its environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The referent in question may combine many referents in the same way that, for example, a nation-state is composed of many individual citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Context">Context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The security context is the relationships between a security referent and its environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this perspective, security and insecurity depend first on whether the environment is beneficial or hostile to the referent and also on how capable the referent is of responding to their environment in order to survive and thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capabilities">Capabilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capabilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The means by which a referent provides for security (or is provided for) vary widely. They include, for example: </p> <ul><li><i>Coercive capabilities</i>, including the capacity to project coercive power into the environment (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handguns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">firearms</a>);</li> <li><i>Protective systems</i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Lock_(security_device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (security device)">lock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">fence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wall" title="Wall">wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">antivirus software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">air defence system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">armour</a>)</li> <li><i>Warning systems</i> (e.g., alarm, <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>)</li> <li><i>Diplomatic and social action</i> intended to prevent insecurity from developing (e.g. conflict prevention and transformation strategies); and</li> <li><i>Policy</i> intended to develop the lasting economic, physical, ecological, and other conditions of security (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economic</a> reform, <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecological</a> protection, <a href="/wiki/Demilitarisation" title="Demilitarisation">progressive demilitarization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militarization" title="Militarization">militarization</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects">Effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any action intended to provide security may have multiple effects. An action may have a wide benefit, enhancing security for several or all security referents in the context; alternatively, the action may be effective only temporarily, benefit one referent at the expense of another, or be entirely ineffective or counterproductive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contested_approaches">Contested approaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Contested approaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Approaches to security are contested and the subject of debate. For example, in debate about <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security strategies</a>, some argue that security depends principally on developing protective and coercive capabilities in order to protect the security referent in a hostile environment (and potentially to project that power into its environment, and dominate it to the point of <a href="/wiki/Full-spectrum_dominance" title="Full-spectrum dominance">strategic supremacy</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others argue that security depends principally on building the conditions in which equitable relationships can develop, partly by reducing antagonism between actors, ensuring that fundamental needs can be met, and also ensuring that differences of interest can be negotiated effectively.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_contexts_(examples)"><span id="Security_contexts_.28examples.29"></span>Security contexts (examples)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Security contexts (examples)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table shows some of the main domains where security concerns are prominent. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Informational</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_security" title="Application security">Application security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_security" title="Communications security">Communications security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_security" title="Data security">Data security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital security">Digital security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endpoint_security" title="Endpoint security">Endpoint security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">Information security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_security" title="Internet security">Internet security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_security" title="Network security">Network security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usable_security" title="Usable security">Usable security</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Physical</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate security">Corporate security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">Food security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">Energy security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_security" title="Environmental security">Environmental security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_security" title="Home security">Home security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_security" title="Infrastructure security">Infrastructure security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">Physical security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_security" title="Port security">Port security</a>/<a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_security" title="Supply chain security">Supply chain security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_print" class="mw-redirect" title="Security print">Security print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">Border security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_seal" title="Security seal">Security seal</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Political</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security" title="Public security">Public security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_security" title="Homeland security">Homeland security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_security" title="Internal security">Internal security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_security" title="International security">International security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_security" title="Human security">Human security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_security" title="Societal security">Societal security</a></li></ul> <p><b>Monetary</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_security" title="Economic security">Economic security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">Social security</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The range of security contexts is illustrated by the following examples (in alphabetical order): </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_security">Computer security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Computer security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></div> <p>Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, refers to the security of computing devices such as <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> and smartphones, as well as <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networks</a> such as private and public networks, and the <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet</a>. The field has growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems in most societies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It concerns the protection of hardware, software, data, people, and also the procedures by which systems are accessed. The means of computer security include the <a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">physical security</a> of systems and the <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">security of information</a> held on them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_security">Corporate security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Corporate security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corporate_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate security">Corporate security</a></div><p> Corporate security refers to the resilience of <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporations</a> against <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a>, theft, damage, and other threats. The security of corporations has become more complex as reliance on IT systems has increased, and their physical presence has become more highly distributed across several countries, including environments that are, or may rapidly become, hostile to them.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delta_World_HQ_-_entrance_with_security_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Delta_World_HQ_-_entrance_with_security_station.JPG/220px-Delta_World_HQ_-_entrance_with_security_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Delta_World_HQ_-_entrance_with_security_station.JPG/330px-Delta_World_HQ_-_entrance_with_security_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Delta_World_HQ_-_entrance_with_security_station.JPG/440px-Delta_World_HQ_-_entrance_with_security_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3179" data-file-height="2171" /></a><figcaption>Security checkpoint at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> <a href="/wiki/Corporate_headquarters" title="Corporate headquarters">corporate headquarters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flughafenkontrolle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flughafenkontrolle.jpg/250px-Flughafenkontrolle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flughafenkontrolle.jpg/330px-Flughafenkontrolle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flughafenkontrolle.jpg/500px-Flughafenkontrolle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/X-ray_machine" title="X-ray machine">X-ray machines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metal_detector" title="Metal detector">metal detectors</a> are used to control what is allowed to pass through an <a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">airport security</a> perimeter.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mall_culture_jakarta94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mall_culture_jakarta94.jpg/220px-Mall_culture_jakarta94.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mall_culture_jakarta94.jpg/330px-Mall_culture_jakarta94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mall_culture_jakarta94.jpg/440px-Mall_culture_jakarta94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Security checkpoint at the entrance to a <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_security">Environmental security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_security" title="Environmental security">Environmental security</a></div> <p>Environmental security, also known as ecological security, refers to the integrity of <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">biosphere</a>, particularly in relation to their capacity to sustain a <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">diversity of life-forms</a> (including human life). The security of ecosystems has attracted greater attention as the impact of ecological damage by humans has grown.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffiti_about_environmental_security.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Graffiti_about_environmental_security.jpg/250px-Graffiti_about_environmental_security.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Graffiti_about_environmental_security.jpg/330px-Graffiti_about_environmental_security.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Graffiti_about_environmental_security.jpg/440px-Graffiti_about_environmental_security.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">Graffiti</a> about <a href="/wiki/Environmental_security" title="Environmental security">environmental security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_security">Home security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Home security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Home_security" title="Home security">Home security</a></div><p> Home security normally refers to the security systems used on a property used as a dwelling (commonly including doors, locks, alarm systems, lighting, fencing); and personal security practices (such as ensuring doors are locked, alarms are activated, windows are closed etc.)</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Security_spikes_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Security_spikes_1.jpg/220px-Security_spikes_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Security_spikes_1.jpg/330px-Security_spikes_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Security_spikes_1.jpg/440px-Security_spikes_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Security spikes on the wall of a <a href="/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community">gated community</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End of London</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_security">Human security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Human security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_security" title="Human security">Human security</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_in_Gaza_018_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/War_in_Gaza_018_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/250px-War_in_Gaza_018_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/War_in_Gaza_018_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-War_in_Gaza_018_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/War_in_Gaza_018_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/500px-War_in_Gaza_018_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Youth play among the bombed ruins of <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Human security is an emerging <a href="/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm">paradigm</a> that, in response to traditional emphasis on the right of nation-states to protect themselves,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has focused on the primacy of the security of people (individuals and communities).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept is supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, which has stressed "the right of people to live in <a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">freedom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dignity" title="Dignity">dignity</a>" and recognized "that all individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_fear" title="Freedom from fear">freedom from fear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_want" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom from want">freedom from want</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_security">Information security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Information security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">Information security</a></div> <p>Information security refers to the security of information in any form. Spoken, written, digital, networked, technological, and procedural forms of information are all examples that may be covered in an <a href="/wiki/Information_security_management" title="Information security management">information security management</a> scheme. Computer security, <a href="/wiki/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="IT">IT</a> security, <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">ICT</a> security, and <a href="/wiki/Network_security" title="Network security">network security</a> are thus all subdomains of information security.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_security">National security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: National security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National security</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain,_Vermont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain%2C_Vermont.jpg/220px-Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain%2C_Vermont.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain%2C_Vermont.jpg/330px-Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain%2C_Vermont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain%2C_Vermont.jpg/440px-Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain%2C_Vermont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> vehicle at the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a></figcaption></figure> <p>National security refers to the security of a <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation-state</a>, including its people, economy, and institutions. In practice, state governments rely on a wide range of means, including <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">economic power</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military capabilities</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resource_security">Resource security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Resource security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">Food security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">Energy security</a></div> <p>"Resource security" refers to the political and <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> objective of ensuring that supplies of materials needed for the production of goods and the satisfaction of <a href="/wiki/Human_need" class="mw-redirect" title="Human need">human needs</a> can be reliably sustained into the future. It involves protecting the supply of such resources as water, energy, food and industrial <a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">raw materials</a> from risks of <a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">global depletion</a> and risks to national supply incurred by trade restrictions, government or terrorist interference or <a href="/wiki/Market_failure" title="Market failure">market failures</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Critical_raw_materials" title="Critical raw materials">critical raw materials</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_mineral" title="Rare-earth mineral">rare earth minerals</a> are an important focus of resource security planning, resource security covers a broader range of resources.<sup id="cite_ref-rsap_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsap-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">Food security</a>, ensuring that a reliable supply of, and access to, safe and <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutritious</a> food,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">energy security</a> are important aspects of resource security. Food security is gaining in importance as the world's population has grown and productive land has diminished through overuse and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GLOBAL_WARMING_AFFECTING_GLOBAL_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/GLOBAL_WARMING_AFFECTING_GLOBAL_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY.pdf/page1-220px-GLOBAL_WARMING_AFFECTING_GLOBAL_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/GLOBAL_WARMING_AFFECTING_GLOBAL_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY.pdf/page1-330px-GLOBAL_WARMING_AFFECTING_GLOBAL_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/GLOBAL_WARMING_AFFECTING_GLOBAL_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY.pdf/page1-440px-GLOBAL_WARMING_AFFECTING_GLOBAL_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> is affecting global <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/UK_government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK government">UK government</a> published a <i>Resource Security Action Plan</i> for England in March 2012, subtitled "Making the most of valuable resources",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> responding to concerns raised by businesses and business leaders such as the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_British_Industry" title="Confederation of British Industry">Confederation of British Industry</a> (CBI) and the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Employers%27_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Employers' Federation">Engineering Employers' Federation</a> (EEF), and work in this field undertaken by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Science_and_Technology_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons Science and Technology Committee">House of Commons Science and Technology Committee</a>. The action plan was an interdepartmental initiative for which the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a> (DEFRA) took the lead role as first point of contact for business enquiries.<sup id="cite_ref-rsap_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsap-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Government and business concerns related to "a range of renewable and non-renewable resources", concentrating on those not already covered by <a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">energy security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> measures, and especially sought to protect the supply of certain specific metals and materials under supply pressure. A generalised fear of resource insufficiency was felt to be inappropriate: thus <a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Business_Innovation_and_Skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Business Innovation and Skills">Secretary of State for Business Innovation and Skills</a>, spoke in December 2011 about a public policy approach to resource management:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is over 200 years since the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Reverend Malthus</a> first predicted that <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a> would inevitably outrun the capacity of the land to provide enough food. In the years since, the effects of human ingenuity and new trading routes have shown him to be wrong - though not entirely. Fish depletion is a classic Malthusian problem and is sadly resulting in some irreversible damage to <a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">stocks</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a> was driven to near extinction by the demand for blubber to light the pre-electric world. But for the most part resource pessimism has been misplaced.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Similarly the <i>Action Plan</i> notes that in general the issue of "resource security" is not concerned with "scarcity" of resources but with availability, supply constraints and the potential financial and environmental costs of opening up new sources of supply.<sup id="cite_ref-rsap_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsap-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7">: 7 </span></sup> </p><p>EEF, the UK's manufacturers' representation organisation (now <a href="/wiki/Make_UK" title="Make UK">Make UK</a>) issued a report in 2014 entitled <i>Materials for Manufacturing: Safeguarding Supply</i>, along with an appeal to the government seeking action to protect the country's supply of essential materials. The report highlighted "over-reliance on <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> for strategic supplies" as a key issue. The EEF and other partners argued that an "Office of Resource Management" within government "could strategically co-ordinate action across Whitehall".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office would form part of the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills" title="Department for Business, Innovation and Skills">Department for Business, Innovation and Skills</a> and maintain an overview of the risks to resource security.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perceptions_of_security">Perceptions of security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Perceptions of security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since it is not possible to know with precision the extent to which something is 'secure' (and a measure of vulnerability is unavoidable), perceptions of security vary, often greatly.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a fear of death by earthquake is common in the United States (US), but slipping on the bathroom floor kills more people;<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in France, the United Kingdom, and the US, there are far fewer deaths caused by <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> than there are women killed by their partners in the home.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another problem of perception is the common assumption that the mere presence of a security system (such as <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">armed forces</a> or <a href="/wiki/Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">antivirus software</a>) implies security. For example, two <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">computer security</a> programs installed on the same device can prevent each other from working properly, while the user assumes that he or she benefits from twice the protection that only one program would afford. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Security_theater" title="Security theater">Security theater</a> is a critical term for measures that change perceptions of security without necessarily affecting security itself. For example, visual signs of security protections, such as a home that advertises its alarm system, may deter an <a href="/wiki/Trespasser" title="Trespasser">intruder</a>, whether or not the system functions properly. Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Security_increase" title="Security increase">increased presence of military personnel</a> on the streets of a city after a <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist attack</a> may help to reassure the public, whether or not it diminishes the risk of further attacks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recurring_concepts">Recurring concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Recurring concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain concepts recur throughout different fields of security: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a> – the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_services" title="Assurance services">Assurance</a> – an expression of confidence that a security measure will perform as expected.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorization" title="Authorization">Authorization</a> – the function of specifying access rights/privileges to resources related to information security and computer security in general and to access control in particular.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher" title="Cipher">Cipher</a> – an algorithm that defines a set of steps to encrypt or decrypt information so that it is incomprehensible.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countermeasure" title="Countermeasure">Countermeasure</a> – a means of preventing an act or system from having its intended effect.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_in_depth" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense in depth">Defense in depth</a> – a school of thought holding that a wider range of security measures will enhance security.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">Exploit</a> (noun) – a means of capitalizing on a vulnerability in a security system (usually a cyber-security system).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity management">Identity management</a> – enables the right individuals to access the right resources at the right times and for the right reasons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">Password</a> – secret data, typically a string of characters, usually used to confirm a user's identity.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resilience_(organizational)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resilience (organizational)">Resilience</a> – the degree to which a person, community, nation or system is able to resist adverse external forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk" title="Risk">Risk</a> – a possible event which could lead to damage, harm, or loss.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_management" title="Security management">Security management</a> – identification of an organization's assets (including people, buildings, machines, systems and information assets), followed by the development, documentation, and implementation of policies and procedures for protecting these assets.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_seal" title="Security seal">Security seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threat" title="Threat">Threat</a> – a potential source of harm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability" title="Vulnerability">Vulnerability</a> – the degree to which something may be changed (usually in an unwanted manner) by external forces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety" title="Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_increase" title="Security increase">Security increase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_risk" class="mw-redirect" title="Security risk">Security risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_convergence" title="Security convergence">Security convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon%E2%80%93Loeb_model" title="Gordon–Loeb model">Gordon–Loeb model</a> for cyber security investments</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Responsibility for resource policies and delivery is <a href="/wiki/Devolved" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolved">devolved</a> to Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland and therefore policy details may be different in these nations</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_security" title="Application security">Application security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_security" title="Automotive security">Automotive security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosecurity" title="Biosecurity">Biosecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">Collective security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_system_security" title="Control system security">Control system security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate security">Corporate security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_security" title="Economic security">Economic security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_security" title="Election security">Election security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional security">Emotional security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">Energy security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_security" title="Environmental security">Environmental security</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Event_security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Event security (page does not exist)">Event security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">Food security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_security" title="Hardware security">Hardware security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_security" title="Health security">Health security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_security" title="Home security">Home security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">Information security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_security" title="Infrastructure security">Infrastructure security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_cycle_security" title="Intelligence cycle security">Intelligence cycle security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_security" title="Internal security">Internal security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_security" title="International security">International security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_security" title="Job security">Job security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_security" title="Operations security">Operations security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">Physical security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security" title="Public security">Public security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">Social security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_engineering" title="Security engineering">Security engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Risk_management106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Risk_management" title="Template:Risk management"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Risk_management" title="Template talk:Risk management"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Risk_management" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Risk management"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Risk_management106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Risk type & source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Risk type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Business_risks" title="Business risks">Business risks</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reputational_damage" title="Reputational damage">Reputational damage</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Personal risk</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_risk" class="mw-redirect" title="Health risk">Health risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosocial_hazard" title="Psychosocial hazard">Psychosocial hazard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_risk" title="Natural risk">Natural risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">Natural disaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_risk" title="Political risk">Political risk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technology_hazards" title="Category:Technology hazards">Technology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IT_risk" title="IT risk">IT risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI_alignment" title="AI alignment">AI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_risk" title="Macro risk">Macro risk</a> / <a href="/wiki/External_risk" title="External risk">External risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_risk" title="Extreme risk">Extreme risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety hazard">Safety hazard</a></li> <li><b>Security risk</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">Vulnerability (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threat_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threat (computer)">Threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accident" title="Accident">Accident</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operational_risk" title="Operational risk">Operational risk</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_risk" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution risk">Execution risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_risk" title="Model risk">Model risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputational_risk" class="mw-redirect" title="Reputational risk">Reputational risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_risk" title="Country risk">Country risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_risk" title="Legal risk">Legal risk</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Financial_risk" title="Financial risk">Financial risk</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_risk" title="Credit risk">Credit risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidity_risk" title="Liquidity risk">Liquidity risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate_risk" title="Interest rate risk">Interest rate risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_risk" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange rate risk">Exchange rate risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_risk" title="Market risk">Market risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_risk" title="Profit risk">Profit risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_risk" title="Systemic risk">Systemic risk</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Strategic_risk" title="Strategic risk">Strategic risk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residual_risk" title="Residual risk">Residual risk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Risk source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazard" title="Hazard">Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_(process)" title="Conflict (process)">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability" title="Vulnerability">Vulnerability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Countermeasure" title="Countermeasure">Countermeasures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_risk_management" title="Enterprise risk management">Enterprise risk management</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_compliance" title="Regulatory compliance">Regulatory compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governance,_risk_management,_and_compliance" title="Governance, risk management, and compliance">GRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_control" title="Internal control">Internal control</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Personal risk management</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_management" title="Stress management">Stress management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_management_(health)" title="Disease management (health)">Disease management</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operational_risk_management" title="Operational risk management">Operational risk management</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_risk_management" title="Supply chain risk management">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_risk_management" title="Project risk management">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_management" title="Quality management">Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_management" title="Security management">Security management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_access_management" title="Identity and access management">Identity and access management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_management" title="Vulnerability management">Vulnerability management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_management" title="Incident management">Incident management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_continuity_planning" title="Business continuity planning">Business continuity planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_risk_reduction" title="Disaster risk reduction">Disaster risk reduction</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Financial_risk_management" title="Financial risk management">Financial risk management</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversification_(finance)" title="Diversification (finance)">Diversification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_pool" title="Risk pool">Risk pool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_communication" title="Risk communication">Risk communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warning_system" title="Warning system">Warning system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">Precautionary principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_management" title="Crisis management">Crisis management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaster management">Disaster management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_model" title="Swiss cheese model">Swiss cheese model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_assessment" title="Exposure assessment">Exposure assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis" title="Hazard analysis">Hazard analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenario_planning" title="Scenario planning">Scenario planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interview_(research)" title="Interview (research)">Structured or semi-structured interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi_method" title="Delphi method">Delphi method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis" title="Hazard analysis">Preliminary hazard analysis</a> (PHA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_and_operability_study" title="Hazard and operability study">Hazard and operability study</a> (HAZOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a> (HACCP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">Toxicity assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_What_If_Technique" class="mw-redirect" title="Structured What If Technique">Structured What If Technique</a> (SWIFT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenario_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Scenario analysis">Scenario analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_impact_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Business impact analysis">Business impact analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cause_analysis" title="Root cause analysis">Root cause analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failure_mode_and_effects_analysis" title="Failure mode and effects analysis">Failure mode and effects analysis</a> (FMEA) / <a href="/wiki/Failure_mode,_effects,_and_criticality_analysis" title="Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis">FMECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault_tree_analysis" title="Fault tree analysis">Fault tree analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_tree_analysis" title="Event tree analysis">Event tree analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cause_and_consequence_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cause and consequence analysis (page does not exist)">Cause and consequence analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cause-and-effect_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause-and-effect analysis">Cause-and-effect analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Layer_protection_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Layer protection analysis (page does not exist)">Layer protection analysis</a> (LOPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_tree" title="Decision tree">Decision tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_reliability" title="Human reliability">Human reliability analysis</a> (HRA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow tie analysis">Bow tie analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_centered_maintenance" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliability centered maintenance">Reliability centered maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneak_circuit_analysis" title="Sneak circuit analysis">Sneak circuit analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markov_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Markov analysis">Markov analysis</a></li> <li><a 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">ISO 31000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_31010" title="ISO/IEC 31010">ISO/IEC 31010</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Sponsoring_Organizations_of_the_Treadway_Commission" title="Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission">COSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_appetite" title="Risk appetite">Risk appetite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_map" title="Hazard map">Hazard map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_events" title="Rare events">Rare events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_solving" title="Problem solving">Problem solving</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_cost" title="Opportunity cost">Opportunity 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