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href="https://www.academia.edu/110296463/Disruptive_Evolution_Harnessing_Functional_Excess_Experimentation_and_Science_as_Tool"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Disruptive Evolution: Harnessing Functional Excess, Experimentation, and Science as Tool" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296463/Disruptive_Evolution_Harnessing_Functional_Excess_Experimentation_and_Science_as_Tool">Disruptive Evolution: Harnessing Functional Excess, Experimentation, and Science as Tool</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296463"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296463"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296463; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296463]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296463]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296462/Attractor_Specific_and_Common_Expression_Values_in_Random_Boolean_Network_Models_with_a_Preliminary_Look_at_Single_Cell_Data_">Attractor-Specific and Common Expression Values in Random Boolean Network Models (with a Preliminary Look at Single-Cell Data)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entropy</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which have also been widely studied as abstract models of complex systems and have been used to simulate different phenomena. We define the “common sea” (CS) as the set of nodes that take the same value in all the attractors of a given network realization, and the “specific part” (SP) as the set of all the other nodes, and we study their properties in different ensembles, generated with different parameter values. Both the CS and of the SP can be composed of one or more weakly connected components, which are emergent intermediate-level structures. We show that the study of these sets provides very important information about the behavior of the model. The distribution of distances between attractors is also examined. Moreover, we show how the notion of a “common sea” of genes can be used to analyze data from single-cell experiments.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9d15b5a5da8edb86e9184c22c607e63d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157663,"asset_id":110296462,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157663/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296462"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296462"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296462; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296462]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296462]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296462; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296462']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296462, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9d15b5a5da8edb86e9184c22c607e63d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296462]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296462,"title":"Attractor-Specific and Common Expression Values in Random Boolean Network Models (with a Preliminary Look at Single-Cell Data)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which have also been widely studied as abstract models of complex systems and have been used to simulate different phenomena. 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Artificial Intelligence, Real Intelligence, Quantum Mind, and Qualia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108157748/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296461/What_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelligence_Real_Intelligence_Quantum_Mind_and_Qualia">What Is Consciousness? Artificial Intelligence, Real Intelligence, Quantum Mind, and Qualia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We approach the question “What is Consciousness?” in a new way, not as Descartes’ “systematic dou...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We approach the question “What is Consciousness?” in a new way, not as Descartes’ “systematic doubt”, but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one’s way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might be beneficial or avoiding those that might be harmful. “Possible uses of X to accomplish Y” are “Affordances”. The number of uses of X is indefinite (or unknown), the different uses are unordered, are not listable, and are not deducible from one another. All biological adaptations are either affordances seized by heritable variation and selection or, far faster, by the organism acting in its world finding uses of X to accomplish Y. Based on this, we reach rather astonishing conclusions: (1) Artificial general intelligence based on universal Turing machines (UTMs) is not possible, since UTMs cannot “find” novel affordances. (2) Brain-mind is not purely classical physics for no classical physics system can be an analogue computer whose dynamical beha...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="79a89a1bef3bd51097f87be735201056" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157748,"asset_id":110296461,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157748/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296461"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296461"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296461; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296461]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296461]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296461; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296461']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296461, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "79a89a1bef3bd51097f87be735201056" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296461]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296461,"title":"What Is Consciousness? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296460"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296460/Still_Against_Design_A_Response_to_Steven_Calabresi_Sanford_Levinson_and_Vernon_Smith"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Still Against Design: A Response to Steven Calabresi, Sanford Levinson, and Vernon Smith" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296460/Still_Against_Design_A_Response_to_Steven_Calabresi_Sanford_Levinson_and_Vernon_Smith">Still Against Design: A Response to Steven Calabresi, Sanford Levinson, and Vernon Smith</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our argument in Against Design may seem new, challenging, or even bizarre. One commenter, Levinso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our argument in Against Design may seem new, challenging, or even bizarre. One commenter, Levinson, questions whether we really mean what we say: “I presume that the authors cannot really be arguing that all design is impossible.”1 Given our admittedly unorthodox and perhaps radical challenge to common notions of design, we appreciate the thoughtful attention to our views given by our commenters Vernon Smith, Sanford Levinson and Steven G. Calabresi. Even when disagreeing with us, they have responded to Against Design with open minds</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296460"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296460]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296460']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296460, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296460]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296460,"title":"Still Against Design: A Response to Steven Calabresi, Sanford Levinson, and Vernon Smith","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Our argument in Against Design may seem new, challenging, or even bizarre. One commenter, Levinson, questions whether we really mean what we say: “I presume that the authors cannot really be arguing that all design is impossible.”1 Given our admittedly unorthodox and perhaps radical challenge to common notions of design, we appreciate the thoughtful attention to our views given by our commenters Vernon Smith, Sanford Levinson and Steven G. Calabresi. Even when disagreeing with us, they have responded to Against Design with open minds","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Our argument in Against Design may seem new, challenging, or even bizarre. 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Because search is costly, a common prescription is for firms to focus on their endowments—the resources they already possess. However, is there a way for firms to somehow find value amongst the “vast reservoirs” of external resources? We review existing forms of resource search and then suggest an alternative. Extending arguments from biology, we develop the idea of a firm‐specific search image and highlight how search images can reveal resources not obvious to others. The search image notion speaks to how firms might uniquely identify dormant resources, even in seemingly efficient factor markets. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments pertain to the resource‐based view and the origins of resources.Managerial SummaryHow do managers and entrepreneurs search, identify, and find assets and resources in relentlessly competitive markets? Existing arguments largely suggest that...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296459; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296459]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296459; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296459']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296459, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296459]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296459,"title":"Resource origins and search","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Research SummaryThe search for new resources is costly and difficult within the resource‐based view. Because search is costly, a common prescription is for firms to focus on their endowments—the resources they already possess. However, is there a way for firms to somehow find value amongst the “vast reservoirs” of external resources? We review existing forms of resource search and then suggest an alternative. Extending arguments from biology, we develop the idea of a firm‐specific search image and highlight how search images can reveal resources not obvious to others. The search image notion speaks to how firms might uniquely identify dormant resources, even in seemingly efficient factor markets. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments pertain to the resource‐based view and the origins of resources.Managerial SummaryHow do managers and entrepreneurs search, identify, and find assets and resources in relentlessly competitive markets? Existing arguments largely suggest that...","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Strategic Management Journal"},"translated_abstract":"Research SummaryThe search for new resources is costly and difficult within the resource‐based view. Because search is costly, a common prescription is for firms to focus on their endowments—the resources they already possess. However, is there a way for firms to somehow find value amongst the “vast reservoirs” of external resources? We review existing forms of resource search and then suggest an alternative. Extending arguments from biology, we develop the idea of a firm‐specific search image and highlight how search images can reveal resources not obvious to others. The search image notion speaks to how firms might uniquely identify dormant resources, even in seemingly efficient factor markets. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments pertain to the resource‐based view and the origins of resources.Managerial SummaryHow do managers and entrepreneurs search, identify, and find assets and resources in relentlessly competitive markets? Existing arguments largely suggest that...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110296459/Resource_origins_and_search","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-01T06:37:40.799-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38651941,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Resource_origins_and_search","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38651941,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kauffman","page_name":"StuartKauffman","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-18T13:57:30.814-08:00","display_name":"Stuart Kauffman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StuartKauffman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing"},{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management"}],"urls":[{"id":36234349,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smj.3350"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296458"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296458/Eros_and_Logos"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Eros and Logos" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108157660/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296458/Eros_and_Logos">Eros and Logos</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Angelaki</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbcf6d0966d4131d9b77b77d19d6e72f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157660,"asset_id":110296458,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157660/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296458"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296458"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296458; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296457"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296457/Microfoundations_of_Resources_A_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Microfoundations of Resources: A Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296457/Microfoundations_of_Resources_A_Theory">Microfoundations of Resources: A Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Where do new resources come from? We build on the premise that environments feature vast reservoi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Where do new resources come from? We build on the premise that environments feature vast reservoirs of latent resources, uses and resource combinations. However, identifying this value can be costly and difficult. In this paper we consider the thought experiment of an endowment-less firm and how it might search for and develop latent resources. We build on perception science and evolutionary biology to highlight how the notion of “searching-for” foreshortens costly search processes. Contrarian beliefs offer a mechanism for generatively seeding search and bootstrapping resources and heterogeneity. Beliefs partially solve the factor markets problem; though their realization is dependent on developing firm-specific theories of value and targeted experimentation. Our approach also addresses how firms might actively harness the adjacent possible. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments relate to fundamental questions in the field of strategy and the resource-based view.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296457"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296457"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296457; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296457]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296457]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296457; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296457']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296457, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296457]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296457,"title":"Microfoundations of Resources: A Theory","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Where do new resources come from? We build on the premise that environments feature vast reservoirs of latent resources, uses and resource combinations. However, identifying this value can be costly and difficult. In this paper we consider the thought experiment of an endowment-less firm and how it might search for and develop latent resources. We build on perception science and evolutionary biology to highlight how the notion of “searching-for” foreshortens costly search processes. Contrarian beliefs offer a mechanism for generatively seeding search and bootstrapping resources and heterogeneity. Beliefs partially solve the factor markets problem; though their realization is dependent on developing firm-specific theories of value and targeted experimentation. Our approach also addresses how firms might actively harness the adjacent possible. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments relate to fundamental questions in the field of strategy and the resource-based view.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},"translated_abstract":"Where do new resources come from? We build on the premise that environments feature vast reservoirs of latent resources, uses and resource combinations. However, identifying this value can be costly and difficult. In this paper we consider the thought experiment of an endowment-less firm and how it might search for and develop latent resources. We build on perception science and evolutionary biology to highlight how the notion of “searching-for” foreshortens costly search processes. Contrarian beliefs offer a mechanism for generatively seeding search and bootstrapping resources and heterogeneity. Beliefs partially solve the factor markets problem; though their realization is dependent on developing firm-specific theories of value and targeted experimentation. Our approach also addresses how firms might actively harness the adjacent possible. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments relate to fundamental questions in the field of strategy and the resource-based view.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110296457/Microfoundations_of_Resources_A_Theory","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-01T06:37:39.101-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38651941,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Microfoundations_of_Resources_A_Theory","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38651941,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kauffman","page_name":"StuartKauffman","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-18T13:57:30.814-08:00","display_name":"Stuart Kauffman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StuartKauffman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network"},{"id":102690,"name":"Microfoundations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfoundations"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296455"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296455/The_Search_Function_and_Evolutionary_Novelty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Search Function and Evolutionary Novelty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296455/The_Search_Function_and_Evolutionary_Novelty">The Search Function and Evolutionary Novelty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this paper we address the hard problem of search. Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biologic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this paper we address the hard problem of search. Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biological and economic life. But search is hard—especially in uncertain and dynamic environments. We develop a generalized form of question-answer probing as a way of simplifying search, with implications for understanding biological and economic novelty. This form of search simultaneously constrains and enables search spaces in counterintuitive ways. Question-answer probing not only illustrates seemingly mundane search activity (such as foraging for food or looking for a lost item), but it also provides the foundation for explaining the emergence of both evolutionary novelty and economic value. An organism’s (or organization’s) directed search (especially the search for function) supplies a key mechanism for realizing adjacent possibilities and new niches. Our approach contrasts with extant evolutionary and computational approaches to search (such as brute-force, serial processing or Bayesian priors and updating), which lack organism-specific mechanisms. Our approach also contrasts with physics-oriented conceptions of mind, organism and consciousness. Throughout the paper we offer cognitive, biological (e.g., tool making), and economic examples to illustrate our points. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our arguments for economics and innovation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296455"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296455]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296455']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296455, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296455]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296455,"title":"The Search Function and Evolutionary Novelty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this paper we address the hard problem of search. Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biological and economic life. But search is hard—especially in uncertain and dynamic environments. We develop a generalized form of question-answer probing as a way of simplifying search, with implications for understanding biological and economic novelty. This form of search simultaneously constrains and enables search spaces in counterintuitive ways. Question-answer probing not only illustrates seemingly mundane search activity (such as foraging for food or looking for a lost item), but it also provides the foundation for explaining the emergence of both evolutionary novelty and economic value. An organism’s (or organization’s) directed search (especially the search for function) supplies a key mechanism for realizing adjacent possibilities and new niches. Our approach contrasts with extant evolutionary and computational approaches to search (such as brute-force, serial processing or Bayesian priors and updating), which lack organism-specific mechanisms. Our approach also contrasts with physics-oriented conceptions of mind, organism and consciousness. Throughout the paper we offer cognitive, biological (e.g., tool making), and economic examples to illustrate our points. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our arguments for economics and innovation.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},"translated_abstract":"In this paper we address the hard problem of search. Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biological and economic life. But search is hard—especially in uncertain and dynamic environments. We develop a generalized form of question-answer probing as a way of simplifying search, with implications for understanding biological and economic novelty. This form of search simultaneously constrains and enables search spaces in counterintuitive ways. Question-answer probing not only illustrates seemingly mundane search activity (such as foraging for food or looking for a lost item), but it also provides the foundation for explaining the emergence of both evolutionary novelty and economic value. An organism’s (or organization’s) directed search (especially the search for function) supplies a key mechanism for realizing adjacent possibilities and new niches. Our approach contrasts with extant evolutionary and computational approaches to search (such as brute-force, serial processing or Bayesian priors and updating), which lack organism-specific mechanisms. Our approach also contrasts with physics-oriented conceptions of mind, organism and consciousness. Throughout the paper we offer cognitive, biological (e.g., tool making), and economic examples to illustrate our points. 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This dynamical systems framework complements the traditional concept of molecular pathways that drive cell phenotype switching. To expose the structure that hinders cancer cells from exiting robust proliferative state, we assessed the perturbation capacity of a drug library and identified 16 non-cytotoxic compounds that stimulate MCF7 breast cancer cells to exit from proliferative state to differentiated state. The transcriptome trajectories triggered by these drugs diverged, then converged. Chemical structures and drug targets of these compounds overlapped minimally. However, a network analysis of targeted pathways identified a core signaling pathway - indicating common stress-response and down-regulation of STAT1 before differentiation. 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296449/Prebiotic_network_evolution_six_key_parameters">Prebiotic network evolution: six key parameters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Molecular BioSystems</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Akin to biological networks, prebiotic chemical networks can evolve and we have identified six ke...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Akin to biological networks, prebiotic chemical networks can evolve and we have identified six key parameters that govern their evolution.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296444"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296444/Libraries_of_random_sequence_polypeptides_produced_with_high_yield_as_carboxy_terminal_fusions_with_ubiquitin"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides produced with high yield as carboxy-terminal fusions with ubiquitin" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296444/Libraries_of_random_sequence_polypeptides_produced_with_high_yield_as_carboxy_terminal_fusions_with_ubiquitin">Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides produced with high yield as carboxy-terminal fusions with ubiquitin</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Molecular Diversity</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides have been shown to be valuable sources of novel molecul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides have been shown to be valuable sources of novel molecules possessing a variety of useful biologic-like activities, some of which may hold promise as potential vaccines and therapeutics. Previous random peptide expression systems were limited to low levels of peptide production and often to short sequences. Here we describe a series of libraries designed for increased polypeptide length. Cloned as carboxy-terminal extensions of ubiquitin, the fusions were produced in E. coli at high levels, and were purified to homogeneity. The majority of the extension proteins examined could be cleaved from ubiquitin by treatment with a ubiquitin-fusion hydrolase. The libraries described here are appropriate sources of novel polypeptides with desired binding or catalytic function, as well as tools with which to examine inherent properties of proteins as a whole. Toward the latter goal, we have examined structural properties of random-sequence proteins purified from these libraries. Quite surprisingly, fluorescence emission spectra of intrinsic tryptophan residues in several purified fusion proteins, under native-like and denaturing conditions, often resemble those expected for folded and unfolded states, respectively. The results presented here detail an important expansion in the range of potential uses for random-sequence polypeptide libraries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296444"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296444]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296444']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296444, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296444]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296444,"title":"Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides produced with high yield as carboxy-terminal fusions with ubiquitin","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides have been shown to be valuable sources of novel molecules possessing a variety of useful biologic-like activities, some of which may hold promise as potential vaccines and therapeutics. 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108157663/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296462/Attractor_Specific_and_Common_Expression_Values_in_Random_Boolean_Network_Models_with_a_Preliminary_Look_at_Single_Cell_Data_">Attractor-Specific and Common Expression Values in Random Boolean Network Models (with a Preliminary Look at Single-Cell Data)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entropy</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which have also been widely studied as abstract models of complex systems and have been used to simulate different phenomena. We define the “common sea” (CS) as the set of nodes that take the same value in all the attractors of a given network realization, and the “specific part” (SP) as the set of all the other nodes, and we study their properties in different ensembles, generated with different parameter values. Both the CS and of the SP can be composed of one or more weakly connected components, which are emergent intermediate-level structures. We show that the study of these sets provides very important information about the behavior of the model. The distribution of distances between attractors is also examined. Moreover, we show how the notion of a “common sea” of genes can be used to analyze data from single-cell experiments.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9d15b5a5da8edb86e9184c22c607e63d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157663,"asset_id":110296462,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157663/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296462"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296462"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296462; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296462]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296462]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296462; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296462']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296462, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9d15b5a5da8edb86e9184c22c607e63d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296462]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296462,"title":"Attractor-Specific and Common Expression Values in Random Boolean Network Models (with a Preliminary Look at Single-Cell Data)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which have also been widely studied as abstract models of complex systems and have been used to simulate different phenomena. We define the “common sea” (CS) as the set of nodes that take the same value in all the attractors of a given network realization, and the “specific part” (SP) as the set of all the other nodes, and we study their properties in different ensembles, generated with different parameter values. Both the CS and of the SP can be composed of one or more weakly connected components, which are emergent intermediate-level structures. We show that the study of these sets provides very important information about the behavior of the model. The distribution of distances between attractors is also examined. Moreover, we show how the notion of a “common sea” of genes can be used to analyze data from single-cell experiments.","publisher":"MDPI AG","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Entropy"},"translated_abstract":"Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which have also been widely studied as abstract models of complex systems and have been used to simulate different phenomena. We define the “common sea” (CS) as the set of nodes that take the same value in all the attractors of a given network realization, and the “specific part” (SP) as the set of all the other nodes, and we study their properties in different ensembles, generated with different parameter values. Both the CS and of the SP can be composed of one or more weakly connected components, which are emergent intermediate-level structures. 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Artificial Intelligence, Real Intelligence, Quantum Mind, and Qualia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108157748/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296461/What_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelligence_Real_Intelligence_Quantum_Mind_and_Qualia">What Is Consciousness? Artificial Intelligence, Real Intelligence, Quantum Mind, and Qualia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We approach the question “What is Consciousness?” in a new way, not as Descartes’ “systematic dou...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We approach the question “What is Consciousness?” in a new way, not as Descartes’ “systematic doubt”, but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one’s way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might be beneficial or avoiding those that might be harmful. “Possible uses of X to accomplish Y” are “Affordances”. The number of uses of X is indefinite (or unknown), the different uses are unordered, are not listable, and are not deducible from one another. All biological adaptations are either affordances seized by heritable variation and selection or, far faster, by the organism acting in its world finding uses of X to accomplish Y. Based on this, we reach rather astonishing conclusions: (1) Artificial general intelligence based on universal Turing machines (UTMs) is not possible, since UTMs cannot “find” novel affordances. (2) Brain-mind is not purely classical physics for no classical physics system can be an analogue computer whose dynamical beha...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="79a89a1bef3bd51097f87be735201056" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157748,"asset_id":110296461,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157748/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296461"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296461"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296461; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296461]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296461]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296461; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296461']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296461, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "79a89a1bef3bd51097f87be735201056" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296461]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296461,"title":"What Is Consciousness? Artificial Intelligence, Real Intelligence, Quantum Mind, and Qualia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We approach the question “What is Consciousness?” in a new way, not as Descartes’ “systematic doubt”, but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one’s way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might be beneficial or avoiding those that might be harmful. “Possible uses of X to accomplish Y” are “Affordances”. The number of uses of X is indefinite (or unknown), the different uses are unordered, are not listable, and are not deducible from one another. All biological adaptations are either affordances seized by heritable variation and selection or, far faster, by the organism acting in its world finding uses of X to accomplish Y. Based on this, we reach rather astonishing conclusions: (1) Artificial general intelligence based on universal Turing machines (UTMs) is not possible, since UTMs cannot “find” novel affordances. (2) Brain-mind is not purely classical physics for no classical physics system can be an analogue computer whose dynamical beha...","publisher":"Center for Open Science","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"We approach the question “What is Consciousness?” in a new way, not as Descartes’ “systematic doubt”, but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one’s way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might be beneficial or avoiding those that might be harmful. “Possible uses of X to accomplish Y” are “Affordances”. The number of uses of X is indefinite (or unknown), the different uses are unordered, are not listable, and are not deducible from one another. All biological adaptations are either affordances seized by heritable variation and selection or, far faster, by the organism acting in its world finding uses of X to accomplish Y. Based on this, we reach rather astonishing conclusions: (1) Artificial general intelligence based on universal Turing machines (UTMs) is not possible, since UTMs cannot “find” novel affordances. (2) Brain-mind is not purely classical physics for no classical physics system can be an analogue computer whose dynamical beha...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110296461/What_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelligence_Real_Intelligence_Quantum_Mind_and_Qualia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-01T06:37:41.280-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38651941,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108157748,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108157748/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"blac092.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157748/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelli.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108157748/blac092-libre.pdf?1701441689=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelli.pdf\u0026Expires=1732386494\u0026Signature=J3HNgWux5XKuz5EHO8ZdxLLpy0uROr-Wvk5NlTJsRUbQbHnS7Q-oe1Thfjjzqy0zvNfY~CRDuwcbmybxeOyeRhr~R-7ZyLKW-Ly4J3d6FEE15a0csgo9MB7ZJ1-b6MsgRjqIhwqgkPPnSfRsg3PFmQcUy95CcezyNtsISNXPRUferSW-W-iZFNCVxqI1BgER0V6ZHkFYgRXhZqqp65jRtFFIvOnX-vv~6~VPJJ~NB4rdJrOS9tkYU9BbDZzdxwNUrguIVCBKTuhykFKrY7emfCUb9zjVr74SfzYOP4QZnf-2jYJpYl0UEuRDqbQdzaWGCWjgC-cNX0W-SKXnLq1G1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelligence_Real_Intelligence_Quantum_Mind_and_Qualia","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38651941,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kauffman","page_name":"StuartKauffman","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-18T13:57:30.814-08:00","display_name":"Stuart Kauffman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StuartKauffman"},"attachments":[{"id":108157748,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108157748/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"blac092.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157748/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelli.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108157748/blac092-libre.pdf?1701441689=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_Is_Consciousness_Artificial_Intelli.pdf\u0026Expires=1732386494\u0026Signature=J3HNgWux5XKuz5EHO8ZdxLLpy0uROr-Wvk5NlTJsRUbQbHnS7Q-oe1Thfjjzqy0zvNfY~CRDuwcbmybxeOyeRhr~R-7ZyLKW-Ly4J3d6FEE15a0csgo9MB7ZJ1-b6MsgRjqIhwqgkPPnSfRsg3PFmQcUy95CcezyNtsISNXPRUferSW-W-iZFNCVxqI1BgER0V6ZHkFYgRXhZqqp65jRtFFIvOnX-vv~6~VPJJ~NB4rdJrOS9tkYU9BbDZzdxwNUrguIVCBKTuhykFKrY7emfCUb9zjVr74SfzYOP4QZnf-2jYJpYl0UEuRDqbQdzaWGCWjgC-cNX0W-SKXnLq1G1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":31553,"name":"Qualia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualia"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":51754,"name":"Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dualism"},{"id":216382,"name":"Affordance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affordance"},{"id":318452,"name":"Turing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turing"},{"id":3193313,"name":"arXiv","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/arXiv"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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One commenter, Levinso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our argument in Against Design may seem new, challenging, or even bizarre. One commenter, Levinson, questions whether we really mean what we say: “I presume that the authors cannot really be arguing that all design is impossible.”1 Given our admittedly unorthodox and perhaps radical challenge to common notions of design, we appreciate the thoughtful attention to our views given by our commenters Vernon Smith, Sanford Levinson and Steven G. Calabresi. Even when disagreeing with us, they have responded to Against Design with open minds</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296460"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296460]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296460']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296460, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296460]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296460,"title":"Still Against Design: A Response to Steven Calabresi, Sanford Levinson, and Vernon Smith","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Our argument in Against Design may seem new, challenging, or even bizarre. One commenter, Levinson, questions whether we really mean what we say: “I presume that the authors cannot really be arguing that all design is impossible.”1 Given our admittedly unorthodox and perhaps radical challenge to common notions of design, we appreciate the thoughtful attention to our views given by our commenters Vernon Smith, Sanford Levinson and Steven G. Calabresi. Even when disagreeing with us, they have responded to Against Design with open minds","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Our argument in Against Design may seem new, challenging, or even bizarre. 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Even when disagreeing with us, they have responded to Against Design with open minds","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110296460/Still_Against_Design_A_Response_to_Steven_Calabresi_Sanford_Levinson_and_Vernon_Smith","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-01T06:37:41.101-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38651941,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Still_Against_Design_A_Response_to_Steven_Calabresi_Sanford_Levinson_and_Vernon_Smith","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38651941,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kauffman","page_name":"StuartKauffman","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-18T13:57:30.814-08:00","display_name":"Stuart Kauffman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StuartKauffman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law"},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":5975,"name":"Institutional Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Theory"},{"id":7495,"name":"Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Economics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296459"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296459/Resource_origins_and_search"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Resource origins and search" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296459/Resource_origins_and_search">Resource origins and search</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Strategic Management Journal</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Research SummaryThe search for new resources is costly and difficult within the resource‐based vi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research SummaryThe search for new resources is costly and difficult within the resource‐based view. Because search is costly, a common prescription is for firms to focus on their endowments—the resources they already possess. However, is there a way for firms to somehow find value amongst the “vast reservoirs” of external resources? We review existing forms of resource search and then suggest an alternative. Extending arguments from biology, we develop the idea of a firm‐specific search image and highlight how search images can reveal resources not obvious to others. The search image notion speaks to how firms might uniquely identify dormant resources, even in seemingly efficient factor markets. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments pertain to the resource‐based view and the origins of resources.Managerial SummaryHow do managers and entrepreneurs search, identify, and find assets and resources in relentlessly competitive markets? Existing arguments largely suggest that...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296459; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296459]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296459; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296459']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296459, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296459]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296459,"title":"Resource origins and search","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Research SummaryThe search for new resources is costly and difficult within the resource‐based view. Because search is costly, a common prescription is for firms to focus on their endowments—the resources they already possess. However, is there a way for firms to somehow find value amongst the “vast reservoirs” of external resources? We review existing forms of resource search and then suggest an alternative. Extending arguments from biology, we develop the idea of a firm‐specific search image and highlight how search images can reveal resources not obvious to others. The search image notion speaks to how firms might uniquely identify dormant resources, even in seemingly efficient factor markets. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments pertain to the resource‐based view and the origins of resources.Managerial SummaryHow do managers and entrepreneurs search, identify, and find assets and resources in relentlessly competitive markets? Existing arguments largely suggest that...","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Strategic Management Journal"},"translated_abstract":"Research SummaryThe search for new resources is costly and difficult within the resource‐based view. Because search is costly, a common prescription is for firms to focus on their endowments—the resources they already possess. However, is there a way for firms to somehow find value amongst the “vast reservoirs” of external resources? We review existing forms of resource search and then suggest an alternative. Extending arguments from biology, we develop the idea of a firm‐specific search image and highlight how search images can reveal resources not obvious to others. The search image notion speaks to how firms might uniquely identify dormant resources, even in seemingly efficient factor markets. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments pertain to the resource‐based view and the origins of resources.Managerial SummaryHow do managers and entrepreneurs search, identify, and find assets and resources in relentlessly competitive markets? Existing arguments largely suggest that...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110296459/Resource_origins_and_search","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-01T06:37:40.799-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38651941,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Resource_origins_and_search","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38651941,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kauffman","page_name":"StuartKauffman","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-11-18T13:57:30.814-08:00","display_name":"Stuart Kauffman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StuartKauffman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing"},{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic 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class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296458/Eros_and_Logos">Eros and Logos</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Angelaki</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbcf6d0966d4131d9b77b77d19d6e72f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157660,"asset_id":110296458,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157660/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwMjAzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296457"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296457/Microfoundations_of_Resources_A_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Microfoundations of Resources: A Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296457/Microfoundations_of_Resources_A_Theory">Microfoundations of Resources: A Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Where do new resources come from? We build on the premise that environments feature vast reservoi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Where do new resources come from? We build on the premise that environments feature vast reservoirs of latent resources, uses and resource combinations. However, identifying this value can be costly and difficult. In this paper we consider the thought experiment of an endowment-less firm and how it might search for and develop latent resources. We build on perception science and evolutionary biology to highlight how the notion of “searching-for” foreshortens costly search processes. Contrarian beliefs offer a mechanism for generatively seeding search and bootstrapping resources and heterogeneity. Beliefs partially solve the factor markets problem; though their realization is dependent on developing firm-specific theories of value and targeted experimentation. Our approach also addresses how firms might actively harness the adjacent possible. We conclude with a discussion of how our arguments relate to fundamental questions in the field of strategy and the resource-based view.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296457"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296457"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296457; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296457]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296457]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296457; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296457']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296457, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296457]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296457,"title":"Microfoundations of Resources: A Theory","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Where do new resources come from? We build on the premise that environments feature vast reservoirs of latent resources, uses and resource combinations. However, identifying this value can be costly and difficult. In this paper we consider the thought experiment of an endowment-less firm and how it might search for and develop latent resources. We build on perception science and evolutionary biology to highlight how the notion of “searching-for” foreshortens costly search processes. Contrarian beliefs offer a mechanism for generatively seeding search and bootstrapping resources and heterogeneity. Beliefs partially solve the factor markets problem; though their realization is dependent on developing firm-specific theories of value and targeted experimentation. Our approach also addresses how firms might actively harness the adjacent possible. 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Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biologic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this paper we address the hard problem of search. Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biological and economic life. But search is hard—especially in uncertain and dynamic environments. We develop a generalized form of question-answer probing as a way of simplifying search, with implications for understanding biological and economic novelty. This form of search simultaneously constrains and enables search spaces in counterintuitive ways. Question-answer probing not only illustrates seemingly mundane search activity (such as foraging for food or looking for a lost item), but it also provides the foundation for explaining the emergence of both evolutionary novelty and economic value. An organism’s (or organization’s) directed search (especially the search for function) supplies a key mechanism for realizing adjacent possibilities and new niches. Our approach contrasts with extant evolutionary and computational approaches to search (such as brute-force, serial processing or Bayesian priors and updating), which lack organism-specific mechanisms. Our approach also contrasts with physics-oriented conceptions of mind, organism and consciousness. Throughout the paper we offer cognitive, biological (e.g., tool making), and economic examples to illustrate our points. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our arguments for economics and innovation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296455"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296455]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296455']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296455, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296455]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296455,"title":"The Search Function and Evolutionary Novelty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this paper we address the hard problem of search. 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Our approach contrasts with extant evolutionary and computational approaches to search (such as brute-force, serial processing or Bayesian priors and updating), which lack organism-specific mechanisms. Our approach also contrasts with physics-oriented conceptions of mind, organism and consciousness. Throughout the paper we offer cognitive, biological (e.g., tool making), and economic examples to illustrate our points. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our arguments for economics and innovation.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},"translated_abstract":"In this paper we address the hard problem of search. Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biological and economic life. But search is hard—especially in uncertain and dynamic environments. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296453"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296453/Factor_markets_actors_and_affordances"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Factor markets, actors, and affordances" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108157747/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296453/Factor_markets_actors_and_affordances">Factor markets, actors, and affordances</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Industrial and Corporate Change</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2028830137f14cdb5650eb8027d4c8ac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157747,"asset_id":110296453,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157747/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwMjAzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296453"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296453"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296453; 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296449/Prebiotic_network_evolution_six_key_parameters">Prebiotic network evolution: six key parameters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Molecular BioSystems</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Akin to biological networks, prebiotic chemical networks can evolve and we have identified six ke...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Akin to biological networks, prebiotic chemical networks can evolve and we have identified six key parameters that govern their evolution.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110296444"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296444/Libraries_of_random_sequence_polypeptides_produced_with_high_yield_as_carboxy_terminal_fusions_with_ubiquitin"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides produced with high yield as carboxy-terminal fusions with ubiquitin" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110296444/Libraries_of_random_sequence_polypeptides_produced_with_high_yield_as_carboxy_terminal_fusions_with_ubiquitin">Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides produced with high yield as carboxy-terminal fusions with ubiquitin</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Molecular Diversity</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides have been shown to be valuable sources of novel molecul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides have been shown to be valuable sources of novel molecules possessing a variety of useful biologic-like activities, some of which may hold promise as potential vaccines and therapeutics. Previous random peptide expression systems were limited to low levels of peptide production and often to short sequences. Here we describe a series of libraries designed for increased polypeptide length. Cloned as carboxy-terminal extensions of ubiquitin, the fusions were produced in E. coli at high levels, and were purified to homogeneity. The majority of the extension proteins examined could be cleaved from ubiquitin by treatment with a ubiquitin-fusion hydrolase. The libraries described here are appropriate sources of novel polypeptides with desired binding or catalytic function, as well as tools with which to examine inherent properties of proteins as a whole. Toward the latter goal, we have examined structural properties of random-sequence proteins purified from these libraries. Quite surprisingly, fluorescence emission spectra of intrinsic tryptophan residues in several purified fusion proteins, under native-like and denaturing conditions, often resemble those expected for folded and unfolded states, respectively. The results presented here detail an important expansion in the range of potential uses for random-sequence polypeptide libraries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110296444"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110296444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110296444]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110296444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110296444']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110296444, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110296444]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110296444,"title":"Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides produced with high yield as carboxy-terminal fusions with ubiquitin","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides have been shown to be valuable sources of novel molecules possessing a variety of useful biologic-like activities, some of which may hold promise as potential vaccines and therapeutics. 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Quite surprisingly, fluorescence emission spectra of intrinsic tryptophan residues in several purified fusion proteins, under native-like and denaturing conditions, often resemble those expected for folded and unfolded states, respectively. The results presented here detail an important expansion in the range of potential uses for random-sequence polypeptide libraries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1995,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Molecular Diversity"},"translated_abstract":"Libraries of random-sequence polypeptides have been shown to be valuable sources of novel molecules possessing a variety of useful biologic-like activities, some of which may hold promise as potential vaccines and therapeutics. Previous random peptide expression systems were limited to low levels of peptide production and often to short sequences. Here we describe a series of libraries designed for increased polypeptide length. Cloned as carboxy-terminal extensions of ubiquitin, the fusions were produced in E. coli at high levels, and were purified to homogeneity. The majority of the extension proteins examined could be cleaved from ubiquitin by treatment with a ubiquitin-fusion hydrolase. The libraries described here are appropriate sources of novel polypeptides with desired binding or catalytic function, as well as tools with which to examine inherent properties of proteins as a whole. Toward the latter goal, we have examined structural properties of random-sequence proteins purified from these libraries. Quite surprisingly, fluorescence emission spectra of intrinsic tryptophan residues in several purified fusion proteins, under native-like and denaturing conditions, often resemble those expected for folded and unfolded states, respectively. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/110296441/Cancer_attractors_A_systems_view_of_tumors_from_a_gene_network_dynamics_and_developmental_perspective">Cancer attractors: A systems view of tumors from a gene network dynamics and developmental perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Seminars in Cell &amp; Developmental Biology</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ffe11fc68963d61fe9cb29a713ee9a1d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108157743,"asset_id":110296441,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108157743/download_file?st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner 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