CINXE.COM
EGU Blogs | Blogs hosted by the European Geosciences Union
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>EGU Blogs | Blogs hosted by the European Geosciences Union</title> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="EGU Blogs » Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="EGU Blogs » Comments Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/comments/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome2-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/all.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome3-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-open-sans-default-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/open-sans/css/open-sans.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='authors-list-css-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/css/front.css?ver=2.0.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-ui-css-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/css/jquery-ui.css?ver=2.0.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-style-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-animations-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/css/animations.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/modernizr.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.stellar.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-stellar-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/419" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.egu.eu%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.egu.eu%2F&format=xml" /> <meta property="og:title" content="EGU Blogs" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blogs.egu.eu/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="EGU Blogs" /> <meta property="og:description" content="" /> <link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"><link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicon_180.png"><style>#logo {margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;} #logo img {width: 220px; height: 62px;} #header {height: 64px;} #header .menu > li > a,#search-button,#cart-button,.mobile-button {line-height: 62px;} #fixed-header-padding {padding-top: 62px;} @media only screen and (max-width: 982px) { #logo {margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px!important; width: 146.66666666667px; height: 41.333333333333px;} #logo img {width: 146.66666666667px; height: 41.333333333333px;} #header {height: 43.333333333333px !important;} #header .menu > li > a,#search-button,#cart-button,.mobile-button {line-height: 41.333333333333px !important;} #fixed-header-padding {padding-top: 41.333333333333px !important;} }#page-wrapper,.search-outer,.gp-theme .vc_text_separator div {background: #fff;} .sale-triangle {border-right-color: #fff;}a,.error,.required,.menu li a:hover,#search-button.gp-active,#search-button:hover,#mobile-nav-button.gp-active,#mobile-nav-button:hover,#mobile-cart-button:hover,.no-thumbnail:hover,.portfolio-filters li a.gp-active,.portfolio-filters li a:hover,.team-name {color: #0072BC;} .post-loop.sticky:after,#comments .bypostauthor .avatar {border-color: #0072BC !important;} .border-triangle {border-left-color: #0072BC;} ::selection {background: #0072BC;} ::-moz-selection {background: #0072BC;} input[type=button],input[type=submit],input[type=reset],button,.button,blockquote,.meta-tags a,.tagcloud a,.mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current,#wp-calendar #today,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers.current,ul.page-numbers.single-nav>span.page-numbers,#toTop:hover {background: #0072BC;}a:hover,pre,code,.post-loop .entry-header h2 a,.portfolio-loop .entry-header h2 a,.post-loop strong a,.related-portfolios h5 a {color: #2c2c2c;} input[type=button]:hover,input[type=submit]:hover,input[type=reset]:hover,button:hover,.button:hover,.meta-tags a:hover,.tagcloud a:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers,#toTop,.gp-theme .vc-carousel .vc-carousel-indicators li { background: #2c2c2c;}body,input,textarea,select,.portfolio-filters li a {color: #747474;}input[type=button],input[type=submit],input[type=reset],button,.button,.button:hover,blockquote,.meta-tags a,.tagcloud a,#wp-calendar #today,#toTop,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers.current,ul.page-numbers.single-nav>span.page-numbers {color: #fff;} ::selection {color: #fff;} ::-moz-selection {color: #fff;}.wp-caption-text,.entry-meta,.entry-meta span:before,.entry-meta a,.comment-text .meta,.gp-theme .wpb_accordion .wpb_accordion_wrapper .ui-state-default .ui-icon:before,.gp-theme .wpb_toggle:before,.gp-theme #content h4.wpb_toggle:before {color: #aaa;}pre,input,textarea,#homepage-slider,.blog-masonry .post-loop,.no-thumbnail,.portfolio-loop,.entry-header.page-header {background: #f7f7f7;} select,.gp-theme #buddypress .standard-form select {background-color: #f7f7f7;}input,textarea,select,fieldset,.search-outer,.post-loop,.entry-header.post-header,.entry-header.page-header,.author-info,.related-posts,.related-portfolios,#comments,#comments ol.commentlist li .comment_container,#new-search,.portfolio-filters,.widget ul li,.gp-theme .wpb_separator,.gp-theme .vc_text_separator,.gp-theme .vc_separator .vc_sep_holder .vc_sep_line {border-color: #e7e7e7;} hr {background: #e7e7e7;}#header {background: #222;} .cart-count {color: #fff;} #header .nav .menu>li>a,#header .nav>.menu>li.fa:before,#search-button,#mobile-nav-button,#mobile-cart-button{color: #fff;} #header .nav .menu>li:hover>a,#header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#header .nav .menu>li.fa:hover:before,#header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item.fa:before,#mobile-nav .menu li a:hover,#search-button.gp-active,#search-button:hover,#mobile-nav-button.gp-active,#mobile-nav-button:hover{color: #ffde00;} .cart-count{background-color: #ffde00;}#header .nav .sub-menu,#mobile-nav {background: #fff;} #header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a,#header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li.fa:before,#mobile-nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a {color: #32b2c3;} #header .nav .sub-menu li a:hover,#mobile-nav .menu li a:hover {color: #32b2c3;} #header .nav .sub-menu a,#header .nav .sub-menu li.fa:before, #mobile-nav .menu li a, #mobile-nav .menu li.fa:before {color: #747474;} #header .nav .sub-menu a:hover {background: #f7f7f7;} #header .nav .sub-menu,#header .nav .sub-menu a,#header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li,#mobile-nav,#mobile-nav .menu li a {border-color: #e7e7e7;}#top-header {background: #000;} #top-nav .menu>li:before {color: #74747;} #top-header .nav .menu>li>a,#top-header.nav>.menu>li.fa:before,#top-header .social-icons a {color: #eee;} #top-header .nav .menu>li:hover>a,#top-header.nav .menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#top-header.nav .menu>li.fa:hover:before,#top-header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item.fa:before,#top-header .social-icons a:hover {color: #32b2c3;}#top-header .nav .sub-menu {background: #fff;} #top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a,#top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li.fa:before {color: #32b2c3;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu li a:hover {color: #32b2c3;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu a,#top-header .nav .sub-menu li.fa:before {color: #747474;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu a:hover {background: #f7f7f7;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu,#top-header .nav .sub-menu a,#top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li {border-color: #e7e7e7;}#footer-widgets {background: #111;} #footer-widgets .widgettitle {color: #fff;} #footer-widgets {color: #aaa;} #footer-widgets a {color: #fff;} #footer-widgets a:hover {color: #0072BC;}#footer-bottom {background: #2c2c2c;} #footer-bottom {color: #aaa;} #footer-bottom a {color: #fff;} #footer-bottom a:hover {color: #0072BC;}h4 {font-weight: 400;}</style><script>jQuery(document).ready(function($){window.devicePixelRatio>=2&&$(".post-thumbnail img").each(function(){jQuery(this).attr({src:$(this).attr("data-rel")})})});</script></head> <body class="home page-template page-template-page-highlights page-template-page-highlights-php page page-id-419 gp-theme gp-responsive gp-normal-scrolling gp-back-to-top gp-fixed-header gp-header-resize gp-wide-layout gp-header-1 right-sidebar"> <div id="page-wrapper"> <header id="header"> <div class="container"> <div id="logo"> <span class="logo-details">EGU Blogs | Blogs hosted by the European Geosciences Union</span> <a href="/" title="EGU Blogs"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/logo.svg" alt="EGU Blogs" width="220" height="62" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/logo.png';this.onerror=null;" /> </a> </div> <div id="egu-logo"> Blogs of the <a target="_tab" href="https://www.egu.eu/">European Geosciences Union</a> </div> <nav id="main-nav" class="nav"> <ul id="menu-egu-main-header-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-999910" class="menu-item-999910"><a href="/geolog/">GeoLog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-999911" class="menu-item-999911"><a href="/network/">Network</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-" class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/gfgd/">Geology for Global Development</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/volcanicdegassing/">VolcanicDegassing</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/water-underground/">WaterUnderground</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-999912" class="megamenu columns-2 menu-item-999912"><a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-999990" class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999990"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/as/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212)">AS</span> Atmospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/bg/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4)">BG</span> Biogeosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cl/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114)">CL</span> Climate: Past, Present & Future</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cr/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184)">CR</span> Cryospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ere/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(42, 103, 54)">ERE</span> Energy, Resources and the Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/essi/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150)">ESSI</span> Earth and Space Science Informatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/g/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206)">G</span> Geodesy</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gd/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43)">GD</span> Geodynamics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116)">GM</span> Geomorphology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gmpv/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40)">GMPV</span> Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-999991" class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999991"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/hs/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56)">HS</span> Hydrological Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/nh/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47)">NH</span> Natural Hazards</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/np/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61)">NP</span> Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/os/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150)">OS</span> Ocean Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ps/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117)">PS</span> Planetary and Solar System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80)">SM</span> Seismology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ssp/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42)">SSP</span> Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sss/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8)">SSS</span> Soil System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/st/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122)">ST</span> Solar-Terrestrial Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ts/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9)">TS</span> Tectonics and Structural Geology</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a id="search-button"></a> </nav> <!-- END MAIN NAV --> <a id="mobile-nav-button" class="mobile-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> <!-- END MOBILE NAV BUTTON --> </div> </header><!-- END HEADER --> <div id="fixed-header-padding"></div> <div id="desktop-search" class="search-outer"> <div class="container"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/search/"> <input type="text" name="q" id="s" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="" /> </form> </div> </div> <!-- END SEARCH FORM --> <nav id="mobile-nav"> <div id="mobile-search" class="search-outer"> <form method="get" id="searchform2" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/search/"> <input type="text" name="q" id="s2" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit2" value="" /> </form> </div> <ul class="menu"><li class="menu-item-999910"><a href="/geolog/">GeoLog</a></li> <li class="menu-item-999911"><a href="/network/">Network</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/gfgd/">Geology for Global Development</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/volcanicdegassing/">VolcanicDegassing</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/water-underground/">WaterUnderground</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu columns-2 menu-item-999912"><a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999990"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/as/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212)">AS</span> Atmospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/bg/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4)">BG</span> Biogeosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cl/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114)">CL</span> Climate: Past, Present & Future</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cr/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184)">CR</span> Cryospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ere/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(42, 103, 54)">ERE</span> Energy, Resources and the Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/essi/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150)">ESSI</span> Earth and Space Science Informatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/g/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206)">G</span> Geodesy</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gd/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43)">GD</span> Geodynamics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116)">GM</span> Geomorphology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gmpv/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40)">GMPV</span> Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999991"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/hs/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56)">HS</span> Hydrological Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/nh/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47)">NH</span> Natural Hazards</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/np/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61)">NP</span> Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/os/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150)">OS</span> Ocean Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ps/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117)">PS</span> Planetary and Solar System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80)">SM</span> Seismology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ssp/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42)">SSP</span> Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sss/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8)">SSS</span> Soil System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/st/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122)">ST</span> Solar-Terrestrial Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ts/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9)">TS</span> Tectonics and Structural Geology</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav><!-- END MOBILE MENU --> <header class="entry-header" style="background-image: url(https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/egu-blogs.jpg)"> <div id="headerimage" class="container"> <div id="headerimage-title" style="left: auto; right: 8.3%; bottom: 13.65%;"> <div id="headerimage-name" style="color: #FFFFFF; background-color: rgba( 0, 114, 188, 0.8)">EGU Blogs</div> </div> </div></header> <header class="entry-header page-header" style=""> <div class="container"> <h1 class="entry-title" style="">Highlights</h1> </div> </header> <div id="content-wrapper" class="container"> <div id="content"> <div class="post-wrapper blog-masonry isotope"> <article class="post-loop post-46519 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-conferences category-ecs category-egu-ga-2025 category-general-assembly category-science-comm category-vienna tag-conference-networking tag-conference-tips tag-egu25 tag-european-geosciences-union-general-assembly tag-first-timers-guide tag-geoscience-conference tag-geoscience-networking tag-vienna"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/03/14/first-time-at-an-egu-general-assembly-we-got-you-covered-egu25/" title="First time at an EGU General Assembly? We’ve got you covered!" target="">First time at an EGU General Assembly? We’ve got you covered!</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/gibson/" title="Posts by Hazel Gibson" class="author url fn" rel="author">Hazel Gibson</a></span> <span class="meta-date">March 14, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/03/14/first-time-at-an-egu-general-assembly-we-got-you-covered-egu25/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/03/DSC00739_EGU_Foto_Pfluegl_240415-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/03/DSC00739_EGU_Foto_Pfluegl_240415-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="First time at an EGU General Assembly? We’ve got you covered!" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Europe’s biggest geoscience conference, EGU25, is just over one month away! Each year, the EGU General Assembly brings together over 19,000 researchers, scientists, academics and journalists to discuss and share the latest developments in planetary exploration, Earth observation, polar science, climate change, natural hazards, and much more. And it is held at the Austria Centre Vienna (ACV) which ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/03/14/first-time-at-an-egu-general-assembly-we-got-you-covered-egu25/" class="read-more more-link" title="First time at an EGU General Assembly? We’ve got you covered!">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-45706 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earth-and-space-science-informatics category-earth-magnetism-and-rock-physics tag-earth-magnetism tag-geomagic tag-geomagnetism tag-magic tag-paleomagnetist"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/28/geo-magicians-the-mysterious-work-of-understanding-our-magnetic-earth/" title="Geo-magicians: The mysterious work of understanding our magnetic Earth" target="">Geo-magicians: The mysterious work of understanding our magnetic Earth</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/asmaeourkiya/" title="Posts by Asmae Ourkiya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Asmae Ourkiya</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 28, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/28/geo-magicians-the-mysterious-work-of-understanding-our-magnetic-earth/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/curdin-BSWdi8-Q68k-unsplash-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/curdin-BSWdi8-Q68k-unsplash-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="Geo-magicians: The mysterious work of understanding our magnetic Earth" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>There is a force all around us—unseen, unfelt, and yet profoundly influential. It guides the migration of birds across continents, whispers secrets to ancient rocks, and shields us from cosmic storms. This force is as mysterious as it is essential, shaping our world in ways that most of us never think about. Imagine a sailor centuries ago, staring at a compass that always points north. What guides ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/28/geo-magicians-the-mysterious-work-of-understanding-our-magnetic-earth/" class="read-more more-link" title="Geo-magicians: The mysterious work of understanding our magnetic Earth">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-46306 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-georoundup category-news category-publications tag-egu-news tag-egu-publications tag-georoundup tag-media-2 tag-open-access-2 tag-publication-highlights"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/27/georoundup-the-highlights-of-egu-journals-published-during-february-2025/" title="GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during February!" target="">GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during February!</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/asmaeourkiya/" title="Posts by Asmae Ourkiya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Asmae Ourkiya</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 27, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/27/georoundup-the-highlights-of-egu-journals-published-during-february-2025/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2020/07/EGUjournals-2020-700x400-2-700x400.png" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2020/07/EGUjournals-2020-700x400-2-1400x800.png" width="700" height="400" alt="GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during February!" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Each month we feature specific Divisions of EGU and during the monthly GeoRoundup we put the journals that publish science from those Divisions at the top of the Highlights section. For February, the divisions we are featuring are Geodesy and Geodynamics. They are served by the journal: Solid Earth (SE) and Geoscientific Model Development (GMD). Geoscientific Model Development: Moving beyond post ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/27/georoundup-the-highlights-of-egu-journals-published-during-february-2025/" class="read-more more-link" title="GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during February!">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-46313 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-ecs category-geopolicy category-jobs category-media category-open-access category-outreach category-policy category-regular-features tag-diplomacy tag-geopolitics tag-gesda tag-leadership tag-scidip tag-science-diplomacy tag-science-diplomacy-framework tag-science-for-policy"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/27/geopolicy-science-diplomacy-in-a-new-geopolitical-order/" title="GeoPolicy: Science Diplomacy in a new Geopolitical order" target="">GeoPolicy: Science Diplomacy in a new Geopolitical order</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/hill/" title="Posts by Chloe Hill" rel="author">Chloe Hill</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 27, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/27/geopolicy-science-diplomacy-in-a-new-geopolitical-order/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/women-looking-at-EU-flags1-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/women-looking-at-EU-flags1-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="GeoPolicy: Science Diplomacy in a new Geopolitical order" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>We have entered a new era of “harsh” geopolitics. Those were the words of the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in her keynote speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos on January 21, 2025. It is an era with geostrategic rivalries where commitment to international organisations (e.g. UN, WHO) and global solidarity can no longer be taken for granted. By now it is clear that the c ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/27/geopolicy-science-diplomacy-in-a-new-geopolitical-order/" class="read-more more-link" title="GeoPolicy: Science Diplomacy in a new Geopolitical order">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-46222 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-education tag-arctic-frontiers tag-norway"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/21/science-for-schools-is-good-for-everyone/" title="Sparking scientific curiosity in Arctic Students: How they’re tackling big questions" target="">Sparking scientific curiosity in Arctic Students: How they’re tackling big questions</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/jamie-hollander/" title="Posts by Jamie Hollander" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jamie Hollander</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 21, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/21/science-for-schools-is-good-for-everyone/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/Alexandru-Mitu-@alexumitu-03574-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/Alexandru-Mitu-@alexumitu-03574-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="Sparking scientific curiosity in Arctic Students: How they’re tackling big questions" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Growing up, I didn’t know what it meant to “do research”. I did some research projects in high school, but research as a field path was totally foreign to me until I started university. Unlike me, the young students who participated in this year’s Arctic Frontiers Science for Schools program were given a first-hand glimpse into what it means to conduct professional research. The Science for School ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/21/science-for-schools-is-good-for-everyone/" class="read-more more-link" title="Sparking scientific curiosity in Arctic Students: How they’re tackling big questions">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-46104 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cryospheric-sciences category-geoscientific-methods tag-freeze-thaw-processes tag-geophysics tag-ground-penetrating-radar tag-latent-heat-storage tag-subsurface-imaging"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/14/how-can-scientists-see-ice-underground-recent-study-reveals-how/" title="How can scientists see ice underground? Recent study reveals how!" target="">How can scientists see ice underground? Recent study reveals how!</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/asmaeourkiya/" title="Posts by Asmae Ourkiya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Asmae Ourkiya</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 14, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/14/how-can-scientists-see-ice-underground-recent-study-reveals-how/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/6b4eddf1e5ca33388f9dd7e06063d9dd-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/6b4eddf1e5ca33388f9dd7e06063d9dd-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="How can scientists see ice underground? Recent study reveals how!" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>When it comes to peering beneath the Earth’s surface, geophysicists have an arsenal of high-tech tools at their disposal. But what happens when you need to track something as elusive as underground ice forming and melting in real time? Enter borehole Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), the underground detective that helped Peter Jung and his colleagues image frozen subsurface volumes in an experimenta ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/14/how-can-scientists-see-ice-underground-recent-study-reveals-how/" class="read-more more-link" title="How can scientists see ice underground? Recent study reveals how!">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-45924 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-accessibility-and-inclusivity-at-egu category-edi category-pride tag-discrimination tag-diversity tag-geosciences tag-inclusion tag-marginalized-groups tag-meritocracy tag-queer-scientists tag-sexual-harassment tag-stem tag-systemic-barriers tag-workplace-climate"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/07/why-earth-and-space-sciences-need-to-dismantle-the-cis-het-white-boys-club/" title="Why Earth and Space Sciences need to dismantle the cis-het-white boys’ club" target="">Why Earth and Space Sciences need to dismantle the cis-het-white boys’ club</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/asmaeourkiya/" title="Posts by Asmae Ourkiya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Asmae Ourkiya</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 7, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/07/why-earth-and-space-sciences-need-to-dismantle-the-cis-het-white-boys-club/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/01/jesse-orrico-rmWtVQN5RzU-unsplash-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/01/jesse-orrico-rmWtVQN5RzU-unsplash-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="Why Earth and Space Sciences need to dismantle the cis-het-white boys’ club" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The Earth and space sciences, like many STEM fields, have long been dominated by a narrow vision of who belongs. But the tide is turning. A 2023 workplace climate survey of Earth and space scientists highlights both the persistent barriers queer and other historically excluded scientists face and the urgent need for cultural shifts within the discipline. The data is clear: the geosciences must now ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/07/why-earth-and-space-sciences-need-to-dismantle-the-cis-het-white-boys-club/" class="read-more more-link" title="Why Earth and Space Sciences need to dismantle the cis-het-white boys’ club">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-45971 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog tag-change tag-growth tag-neurodivergent tag-personal-development tag-project-management tag-sustainable tag-work-life-balance"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/05/how-to-make-a-personal-change-this-year-part-2-growth/" title="How to make a personal change this year: part 2 – growth" target="">How to make a personal change this year: part 2 – growth</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/simonclark/" title="Posts by Simon Clark" class="author url fn" rel="author">Simon Clark</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 5, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/05/how-to-make-a-personal-change-this-year-part-2-growth/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/01/s-o-c-i-a-l-c-u-t-6iYb1BWWbV0-unsplash-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/01/s-o-c-i-a-l-c-u-t-6iYb1BWWbV0-unsplash-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="How to make a personal change this year: part 2 – growth" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>It is the new year and new resolutions draw you onward. Yet motivation is fickle, and too often good intentions wither before bearing fruit. You may have drawn a plan to keep you in check, but how do you build on this to achieve sustainable growth? Sustainable growth has been a crucial throughout my career: from projects management and scientific research to building a charity, all required the ab ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/05/how-to-make-a-personal-change-this-year-part-2-growth/" class="read-more more-link" title="How to make a personal change this year: part 2 – growth">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-45738 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-ecs category-geosciences-column category-outreach category-science-comm category-social-media tag-egublogs tag-blog-of-the-year tag-blogging tag-blogging-opportunity tag-egu-contest tag-egu-division-blogs tag-geoscience-communication tag-science-communication tag-vote"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/04/are-you-ready-to-vote-for-your-favourite-division-blog-of-2024/" title="Are you ready to vote for your favourite Division blog of 2024?" target="">Are you ready to vote for your favourite Division blog of 2024?</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/asmaeourkiya/" title="Posts by Asmae Ourkiya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Asmae Ourkiya</a></span> <span class="meta-date">February 4, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/04/are-you-ready-to-vote-for-your-favourite-division-blog-of-2024/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/manny-becerra-LA1VawaCjjI-unsplash-e1738750632609-700x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2025/02/manny-becerra-LA1VawaCjjI-unsplash-e1738750632609-1400x800.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="Are you ready to vote for your favourite Division blog of 2024?" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Our EGU blogging team has had a fantastic 2024 posting across our official blog, GeoLog and the division blogs. Most of our readers appreciate EGU’s blogs for their informative yet accessible style, and for our bloggers ability to take complex geoscience content and make it fun and relevant to the reader. If this sounds like something you’d like to get involved in, we encourage you to get in touch ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/04/are-you-ready-to-vote-for-your-favourite-division-blog-of-2024/" class="read-more more-link" title="Are you ready to vote for your favourite Division blog of 2024?">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-46004 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-georoundup category-news category-publications tag-egu-news tag-egu-publications tag-georoundup tag-media-2 tag-open-access-2 tag-publication-highlights"> <div style="float: right;"> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h5> <a href="/geolog/" title="GeoLog" style="color:rgb(100,100,100)">GeoLog</a> </h5> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/01/31/georoundup-the-highlights-of-egu-journals-published-during-january-2-2/" title="GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during January!" target="">GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during January!</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/author/asmaeourkiya/" title="Posts by Asmae Ourkiya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Asmae Ourkiya</a></span> <span class="meta-date">January 31, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/01/31/georoundup-the-highlights-of-egu-journals-published-during-january-2-2/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2020/07/EGUjournals-2020-700x400-2-700x400.png" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/wp-content/blogs.dir/15/files/2020/07/EGUjournals-2020-700x400-2-1400x800.png" width="700" height="400" alt="GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during January!" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Each month we feature specific Divisions of EGU and during the monthly GeoRoundup we put the journals that publish science from those Divisions at the top of the Highlights section. For January, the divisions we are featuring are Tectonics and Structural Geology (TS), Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology (GMPV), and Earth Magnetism & Rock Physics (EMRP). They are served by the ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/01/31/georoundup-the-highlights-of-egu-journals-published-during-january-2-2/" class="read-more more-link" title="GeoRoundup: the highlights of EGU Journals published during January!">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> </div> <ul class='page-numbers'> <li><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="/?paged=2">2</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="/?paged=3">3</a></li> <li><span class="page-numbers dots">…</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="/?paged=300">300</a></li> <li><a class="next page-numbers" href="/?paged=2">»</a></li> </ul> </div> <aside id="sidebar"> <div id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widgettitle">About</h3> <div class="textwidget">The <a href=" http://www.egu.eu/"> European Geosciences Union </a> (EGU) blogs host the official blog of the EGU, <a href="geolog/">GeoLog</a>, as well as a <a href="network/">network</a> of blogs in the Earth, planetary and space sciences aimed at fostering a diverse community of geoscientist bloggers. In this site you will also find a selection of blogs from the EGU scientific <a href="division/">divisions</a>, which share division-specific news, events, and activities, as well as updates on the latest research in their field. The EGU blogs offer a place for bloggers to interact with each other and with the wider geoscientific community. </div> </div><div id="egu_social_media_widget-3" class="widget widget_egu_social_media_widget"><div id="socialmediawidget"> </div></div><div id="egu_division_blogs_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_division_blogs_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">EGU Division Blogs</h3><p id="divisionblogswidget"><a title="Atmospheric Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212);" href="/divisions/as/">AS</a> <a title="Biogeosciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4);" href="/divisions/bg/">BG</a> <a title="Climate: Past, Present & Future" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114);" href="/divisions/cl/">CL</a> <a title="Cryospheric Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184);" href="/divisions/cr/">CR</a> <a title="Energy, Resources and the Environment" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(42, 103, 54);" href="/divisions/ere/">ERE</a> <a title="Earth and Space Science Informatics" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150);" href="/divisions/essi/">ESSI</a> <a title="Geodesy" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206);" href="/divisions/g/">G</a> <a title="Geodynamics" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43);" href="/divisions/gd/">GD</a> <a title="Geomorphology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116);" href="/divisions/gm/">GM</a> <a title="Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40);" href="/divisions/gmpv/">GMPV</a> <a title="Hydrological Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56);" href="/divisions/hs/">HS</a> <a title="Natural Hazards" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47);" href="/divisions/nh/">NH</a> <a title="Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61);" href="/divisions/np/">NP</a> <a title="Ocean Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150);" href="/divisions/os/">OS</a> <a title="Planetary and Solar System Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117);" href="/divisions/ps/">PS</a> <a title="Seismology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80);" href="/divisions/sm/">SM</a> <a title="Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42);" href="/divisions/ssp/">SSP</a> <a title="Soil System Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8);" href="/divisions/sss/">SSS</a> <a title="Solar-Terrestrial Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122);" href="/divisions/st/">ST</a> <a title="Tectonics and Structural Geology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9);" href="/divisions/ts/">TS</a> </p></div><div id="egu_network_blogs_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_network_blogs_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">EGU Network Blogs</h3><div id="networkblogswidget"><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="Geology for Global Development" href="/network/gfgd/"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/network/gfgd-thumb.jpg" class="preview_Geology for Global Development" alt="Geology for Global Development"/> <figcaption>Geology for Global Development</figcaption></a></figure><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="VolcanicDegassing" href="/network/volcanicdegassing/"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/network/volcanicdegassing-thumb.jpg" class="preview_VolcanicDegassing" alt="VolcanicDegassing"/> <figcaption>VolcanicDegassing</figcaption></a></figure><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="WaterUnderground" href="/network/water-underground/"><div class="box"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/network/water-underground/wp-content/blogs.dir/31/files/2016/08/cropped-1-1-147x63.jpg" class="preview_WaterUnderground" alt="WaterUnderground"/><div class="ribbon"><span>AGU</span></div></div> <figcaption>WaterUnderground</figcaption></a></figure></div></div> <div id="text-copyright" class="widget widget_text"> <h3 class="widgettitle">Copyright</h3> <div class="textwidget"> <p>Unless otherwise indicated, the content on this blog is licensed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a> licence (CC BY 4.0).</p> <p>See the <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/copyright/">copyright page</a> for more information.</p> <p><a title="Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img width="32" height="32" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/cc.svg" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/cc.png';this.onerror=null;" /></a> <a title="Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img width="32" height="32" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/by.svg" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/by.png';this.onerror=null;" /></a></p> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div id="footer-nav" class="nav"> <ul id="menu-footer-navigation" class="menu"><li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/about/">About</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/copyright/">Copyright</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://www.egu.eu/imprint/">Imprint</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://www.egu.eu/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-geosciences-union" class="fa fa-linkedin" title="Follow EGU on LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/eurogeosciences/" class="fa fa-instagram" title="Follow EGU on Instagram" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/EuroGeosciencesUnion" class="fa fa-youtube" title="Follow EGU on YouTube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/EuropeanGeosciencesUnion" class="fa fa-facebook" title="Follow EGU on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/@EuroGeosciences" class="fab fa-mastodon" title="Follow EGU on Mastodon" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/egu.eu" class="fab fa-bluesky" title="Follow EGU on Bluesky" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a class="fa fa-rss" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="RSS Feed" href="/feed/highlights-rss"></a> </div> <div id="copyright"> </div> </div> </div><!-- END FOOTER BOTTOM --> </footer><!-- END FOOTER --> </div><!-- END PAGE WRAPPER --> <script> var _paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push(['setExcludedQueryParams', ["\/.*\/"]]); _paq.push(['disableCookies']); _paq.push(['enableHeartBeatTimer', 5]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); _paq.push(['trackAllContentImpressions']); function embedTrackingCode() { var u="https://pwk.egu.eu/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'p.pwk']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '4']); _paq.push(['setRequestMethod', 'POST']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.src=u+'j.pwk'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); } setTimeout(function () { embedTrackingCode(); }, 5); </script> <noscript><p><img src="https://pwk.egu.eu/p.pwk?idsite={ID}&rec=1" style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="gp-custom-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gp_script = {"headerHeight":"62","logoHeight":"62","logoMarginTop":"0","logoMarginBottom":"0","navLineHeight":"62px","headerSizeReduction":"1.5","emptySearchText":"Please enter something in the search box!"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/scripts/custom.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-custom-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/slider.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-slider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="authors-list-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var authorsListAjaxSearch = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/blogs.egu.eu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"71172230b7"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/js/front.js?ver=2.0.6.1" id="authors-list-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/plugins/marctv-mediaelement-tracking/js/jquery.me-ga-events.js?ver=1.6" id="jquery.me-ga-events-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/placeholders.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-placeholder-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.ui.totop.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-back-to-top-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.isotope.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/imagesLoaded.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-images-loaded-js"></script> </body> </html><!-- Performance optimized by Redis Object Cache. Learn more: https://wprediscache.com Retrieved 14213 objects (786 KB) from Redis using Predis (v2.1.2). -->