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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Course_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Course_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Course of war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Course_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uprising,_war_and_truce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprising,_war_and_truce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Uprising, war and truce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprising,_war_and_truce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy_and_march_in_Prussia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy_and_march_in_Prussia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Strategy and march in Prussia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy_and_march_in_Prussia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Grunwald" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Grunwald"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Battle of Grunwald</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Grunwald-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Marienburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Marienburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Siege of Marienburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Marienburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب البولندية الليتوانية التوتونية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب البولندية الليتوانية التوتونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_polaco-lituano-teut%C3%B3nica" title="Guerra polaco-lituano-teutónica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra polaco-lituano-teutónica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="لهیستان-لیتوانی و تتونیک ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان-لیتوانی و تتونیک ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1409%E2%80%941411)" title="Вялікая вайна (1409—1411) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікая вайна (1409—1411)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_1409%E2%80%941411_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Вялікая вайна 1409—1411 гадоў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вялікая вайна 1409—1411 гадоў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1409_%E2%80%93_1411)" title="Полско-литовско-тевтонска война (1409 – 1411) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полско-литовско-тевтонска война (1409 – 1411)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_del_Regne_de_Pol%C3%B2nia_contra_l%27Orde_Teut%C3%B2nic" title="Guerra del Regne de Polònia contra l'Orde Teutònic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra del Regne de Polònia contra l'Orde Teutònic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko-litevsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka_s_%C5%98%C3%A1dem_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDch_ryt%C3%AD%C5%99%C5%AF" title="Polsko-litevská válka s Řádem německých rytířů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polsko-litevská válka s Řádem německých rytířů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_store_krig_med_Den_Tyske_Orden" title="Den store krig med Den Tyske Orden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den store krig med Den Tyske Orden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnisch-Litauisch-Deutscher_Krieg" title="Polnisch-Litauisch-Deutscher Krieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polnisch-Litauisch-Deutscher Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_polaco-lituano-teut%C3%B3nica" title="Guerra polaco-lituano-teutónica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra polaco-lituano-teutónica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia-Lituania-Ordena_Teutonikoa_Gerra" title="Polonia-Lituania-Ordena Teutonikoa Gerra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polonia-Lituania-Ordena Teutonikoa Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جنگ لهستان-لیتوانی و شوالیه‌های تتونیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ لهستان-لیتوانی و شوالیه‌های تتونیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_du_royaume_de_Pologne_contre_l%27ordre_Teutonique" title="Guerre du royaume de Pologne contre l'ordre Teutonique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre du royaume de Pologne contre l'ordre Teutonique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljsko-litavsko-teutonski_rat" title="Poljsko-litavsko-teutonski rat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljsko-litavsko-teutonski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Polandia%E2%80%93Lituania%E2%80%93Teutonik" title="Perang Polandia–Lituania–Teutonik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Polandia–Lituania–Teutonik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_polacco-lituano-teutonica" title="Guerra polacco-lituano-teutonica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra polacco-lituano-teutonica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המלחמה הפולנית-ליטאית-טווטונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלחמה הפולנית-ליטאית-טווטונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_(1409-1411)" title="დიდი ომი (1409-1411) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი ომი (1409-1411)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenkijos-Lietuvos%E2%80%93Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ordino_karas" title="Lenkijos-Lietuvos–Vokiečių ordino karas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lenkijos-Lietuvos–Vokiečių ordino karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyel%E2%80%93litv%C3%A1n%E2%80%93lovagrendi_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_(1409%E2%80%9311)" title="Lengyel–litván–lovagrendi háború (1409–11) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lengyel–litván–lovagrendi háború (1409–11)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools-Litouws-Teutoonse_Oorlog" title="Pools-Litouws-Teutoonse Oorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pools-Litouws-Teutoonse Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="ポーランド・リトアニア・ドイツ騎士団戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド・リトアニア・ドイツ騎士団戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Granda" title="Guèrra Granda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra Granda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyuk_urush" title="Buyuk urush – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buyuk urush" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielka_wojna_z_zakonem_krzy%C5%BCackim" title="Wielka wojna z zakonem krzyżackim – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielka wojna z zakonem krzyżackim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Polaco-Lituana-Teut%C3%B4nica" title="Guerra Polaco-Lituana-Teutônica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra Polaco-Lituana-Teutônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1409%E2%80%941411)" title="Великая война (1409—1411) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великая война (1409—1411)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Пољско-литванско-тевтонски рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пољско-литванско-тевтонски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สงครามโปแลนด์-ลิทัวเนีย-ทิวทัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามโปแลนด์-ลิทัวเนีย-ทิวทัน" 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1409–1411 war. For other conflicts between Poland and the Teutonic Order, see <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_Wars" title="Polish–Teutonic Wars">Polish–Teutonic Wars</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Polish–Lithuanian-Teutonic War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern Crusades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Matejko,_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg/220px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg/330px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg/440px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11788" data-file-height="5235" /></a></span><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Grunwald (painting)">Battle of Grunwald</a></i> (1878)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>6 August 1409 – 1 February 1411</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Baltic coast</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Polish and Lithuanian victory </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Thorn_(1411)" title="Peace of Thorn (1411)">Peace of Thorn (1411)</a></li> <li>Decline of the Teutonic Order</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">Teutonic State</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order"><img alt="State of the Teutonic Order" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Terra Mariana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/23px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/35px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/46px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stettin" title="Pomerania-Stettin">Pomerania-Stettin</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg/15px-Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg/23px-Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg/30px-Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Oels" title="Duchy of Oels">Duchy of Oels</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grunwald_Warmia.svg/21px-Grunwald_Warmia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grunwald_Warmia.svg/33px-Grunwald_Warmia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grunwald_Warmia.svg/43px-Grunwald_Warmia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="522" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Warmia" title="Prince-Bishopric of Warmia">Prince-Bishopric of Warmia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Grunwald_Pomezania.svg/18px-Grunwald_Pomezania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Grunwald_Pomezania.svg/28px-Grunwald_Pomezania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Grunwald_Pomezania.svg/36px-Grunwald_Pomezania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Pomesania" title="Bishopric of Pomesania">Bishopric of Pomesania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Grunwald_Che%C5%82mno_biskupstwo.svg/15px-Grunwald_Che%C5%82mno_biskupstwo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Grunwald_Che%C5%82mno_biskupstwo.svg/23px-Grunwald_Che%C5%82mno_biskupstwo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Grunwald_Che%C5%82mno_biskupstwo.svg/30px-Grunwald_Che%C5%82mno_biskupstwo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Che%C5%82mno" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Chełmno">Bishopric of Chełmno</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Grunwald_Sambia_biskupstwo.svg/15px-Grunwald_Sambia_biskupstwo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Grunwald_Sambia_biskupstwo.svg/23px-Grunwald_Sambia_biskupstwo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Grunwald_Sambia_biskupstwo.svg/30px-Grunwald_Sambia_biskupstwo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Sambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Sambia">Bishopric of Sambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Union_(medieval)" title="Lizard Union (medieval)">Lizard Union</a></li></ul> <hr /><b>Allies:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Kingdom of Denmark</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom of Poland</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/46px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_P%C5%82ock" title="Duchy of Płock">Duchy of Płock</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg/21px-Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg/32px-Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg/42px-Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw_(district_principality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Warsaw (district principality)">Duchy of Warsaw</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Coat_of_Arms_of_Belz_Principality.svg/12px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Belz_Principality.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Coat_of_Arms_of_Belz_Principality.svg/19px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Belz_Principality.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Coat_of_Arms_of_Belz_Principality.svg/25px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Belz_Principality.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="347" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Belz" title="Duchy of Belz">Duchy of Belz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/46px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Wizna" title="Duchy of Wizna">Duchy of Wizna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/46px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rawa" title="Duchy of Rawa">Duchy of Rawa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/23px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/35px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/46px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania-Stolp" title="Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp">Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/COA_Pomerania-Stargard_Iberian_style_shield_white.svg/13px-COA_Pomerania-Stargard_Iberian_style_shield_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/COA_Pomerania-Stargard_Iberian_style_shield_white.svg/20px-COA_Pomerania-Stargard_Iberian_style_shield_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/COA_Pomerania-Stargard_Iberian_style_shield_white.svg/26px-COA_Pomerania-Stargard_Iberian_style_shield_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="591" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania-Stargard" title="Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard">Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg/25px-Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg/38px-Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg/50px-Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="180" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/45px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="320" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="no"><img alt="Grand Duchy of Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/45px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Smolensk" title="Principality of Smolensk">Principality of Smolensk</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alex_K_Grundwald_flags_1410-06.svg/23px-Alex_K_Grundwald_flags_1410-06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alex_K_Grundwald_flags_1410-06.svg/35px-Alex_K_Grundwald_flags_1410-06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alex_K_Grundwald_flags_1410-06.svg/46px-Alex_K_Grundwald_flags_1410-06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Podolia" title="Duchy of Podolia">Duchy of Podolia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg/23px-Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg/35px-Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg/45px-Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Tatars</a> under <a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Khan_ibn_Tokhtamysh" title="Jalal al-Din Khan ibn Tokhtamysh">Jalal al-Din</a></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg/23px-Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg/35px-Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg/45px-Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order"><img alt="State of the Teutonic Order" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg/19px-Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg/29px-Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg/38px-Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></span> Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_von_Jungingen" title="Ulrich von Jungingen">Ulrich von Jungingen</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order"><img alt="State of the Teutonic Order" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg/19px-Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg/29px-Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg/38px-Grunwald_Wielki_Mistrz1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></span> Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Plauen" title="Heinrich von Plauen">Heinrich von Plauen</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/23px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/35px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/46px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Duke <a href="/wiki/Casimir_V,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Casimir V, Duke of Pomerania">Casimir V</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg/15px-Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg/23px-Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg/30px-Grunwald_Ole%C5%9Bnica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Duke <a href="/wiki/Konrad_VII_the_White" title="Konrad VII the White">Konrad VII</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="no"><img alt="Kingdom of Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></span> King <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II_Jagie%C5%82%C5%82o" title="Władysław II Jagiełło">Władysław II Jagiełło</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="no"><img alt="Grand Duchy of Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/45px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Vytautas" title="Vytautas">Vytautas</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg/21px-Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg/32px-Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg/42px-Chor%C4%85giew_Mazowsza.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> Duke <a href="/wiki/Janusz_I_of_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Janusz I of Warsaw">Janusz I</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/46px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span> Duke <a href="/wiki/Siemowit_IV,_Duke_of_Masovia" title="Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia">Siemowit IV</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/23px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/35px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg/46px-Chor%C4%85giew_ksi%C4%99cia_mazowieckiego_Siemowita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span> Duke <a href="/wiki/Siemowit_V_of_Masovia" title="Siemowit V of Masovia">Siemowit V</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/23px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/35px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg/46px-Grunwald_S%C5%82upsk_i_Szczecin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Duke <a href="/wiki/Bogislaw_VIII,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Bogislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania">Bogislav VIII</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg/25px-Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg/38px-Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg/50px-Battle_Flag_of_Moldavia_%281531%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="180" /></span></span></span> Prince <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander I of Moldavia">Alexander I</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde"><img alt="Golden Horde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg/23px-Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" 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(Gdańsk)">1308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1326%E2%80%931332)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)">1326–1332</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1409–1411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">1414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golub_War" title="Golub War">1422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">1431–1435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">1454–1466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Priests_(Poland)" title="War of the Priests (Poland)">1467–1479</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1519%E2%80%931521)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)">1519–1521</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_D%C4%85br%C3%B3wno_(1410)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Dąbrówno (1410) (page does not exist)">Dąbrówno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Grunwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marienburg_(1410)" title="Siege of Marienburg (1410)">Marienburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koronowo" title="Battle of Koronowo">Koronowo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tuchola_(1410)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tuchola (1410) (page does not exist)">Tuchola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Golub_(1410)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Golub (1410) (page does not exist)">Golub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Campaignbox_German%E2%80%93Polish_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Campaignbox German–Polish Wars (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_German%E2%80%93Polish_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox German–Polish Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish–German_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93German_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–German Wars"><span class="wrap">Polish–German Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Holy Roman Empire</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_I%27s_raid_on_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto I's raid on Poland (page does not exist)">963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_between_Mieszko_I_and_Wichmann" title="Battle between Mieszko I and Wichmann">967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedynia" title="Battle of Cedynia">972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II%27s_raid_on_Poland" title="Otto II's raid on Poland">979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1003%E2%80%931018)" title="German–Polish War (1003–1018)">1003–1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1028%E2%80%931031)" title="German–Polish War (1028–1031)">1028–1031</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_War_between_Solomon_and_Geza_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil War between Solomon and Geza I (page does not exist)">1074</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V%27s_expedition_to_Poland" title="Henry V's expedition to Poland">1109</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-German_War_(1146)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-German War (1146) (page does not exist)">1146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I%27s_expedition_to_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Frederick I's expedition to Głogów">1157</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_I_Barbarossa%27s_raid_on_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick I Barbarossa's raid on Poland (page does not exist)">1184</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Brandenburg</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Przemys%C5%82_I%27s_fight_against_Brandenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Przemysł I's fight against Brandenburg (page does not exist)">1247–1252</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-Brandenburgian_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-Brandenburgian War (page does not exist)">1265–1278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_war_in_Pomerelia" title="Civil war in Pomerelia">1269–1272</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgian_raid_on_Rogo%C5%BAno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgian raid on Rogoźno (page does not exist)">1296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_Albert%27s_Rebellion" title="Mayor Albert's Rebellion">1311–1312</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-Brandenburgian_fights_in_Greater_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-Brandenburgian fights in Greater Poland (page does not exist)">1316</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-Brandenburgian_fights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-Brandenburgian fights (page does not exist)">1326–1329</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgian_raid_on_Santok_and_Drezdenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgian raid on Santok and Drezdenko (page does not exist)">1370</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_Succession_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War of Succession of Głogów (page does not exist)">1476–1482</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War#Brandenburgian-Swedish_alliance_and_Russia's_war_on_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">1656–1657</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_Wars" title="Polish–Teutonic Wars">Teutonic Order</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_takeover_of_Danzig_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)">1308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1326%E2%80%931332)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)">1326–1332</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1409–1411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">1414</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1419)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1419) (page does not exist)">1419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golub_War" title="Golub War">1422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">1431–1435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">1454–1466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Priests_(Poland)" title="War of the Priests (Poland)">1467–1479</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1519%E2%80%931521)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)">1519–1521</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Prussia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">1733–1735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">1792–1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">1806–1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">1813–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1846)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1846)">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Uprising_(1848)" title="Greater Poland Uprising (1848)">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_East_(1914%E2%80%931920)" title="Polish Armed Forces in the East (1914–1920)">1914–1918</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Weimar Republic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Vilnius_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Battles for Vilnius (1918–1919)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">1919–1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_customs_war" title="German–Polish customs war">1919–1934</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Nazi Germany</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">1939–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">1943–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werwolf" title="Werwolf">1944–1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</b>, also known as the <b>Great Teutonic War</b>, occurred between 1409 and 1411 between the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> and the allied <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Poland (1385–1569)">Kingdom of Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>. Inspired by the local <a href="/wiki/Samogitian_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Samogitian uprising">Samogitian uprising</a>, the war began with a Teutonic invasion of Poland in August 1409. As neither side was ready for a full-scale war, <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia</a> brokered a nine-month truce. </p><p>After the truce expired in June 1410, the military-religious monks were decisively defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a>, one of the largest battles in medieval Europe. Most of the Teutonic leadership was killed or taken prisoner. Although they were defeated, the Teutonic Knights <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marienburg_(1410)" title="Siege of Marienburg (1410)">withstood the siege</a> on their capital in Marienburg (<a href="/wiki/Malbork" title="Malbork">Malbork</a>) and suffered only minimal territorial losses in the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Thorn_(1411)" title="Peace of Thorn (1411)">Peace of Thorn (1411)</a>. Territorial disputes lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Melno" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Melno">Peace of Melno</a> of 1422. </p><p>However, the Knights never recovered their former power, and the financial burden of <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">war reparations</a> caused internal conflicts and economic decline in their lands. The war shifted the balance of power in Central Europe and marked the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_union" title="Polish–Lithuanian union">Polish–Lithuanian union</a> as the dominant power in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_(pink)_and_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_(red)_in_1386_-_1434.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Map_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%28pink%29_and_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_%28red%29_in_1386_-_1434.png/220px-Map_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%28pink%29_and_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_%28red%29_in_1386_-_1434.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Map_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%28pink%29_and_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_%28red%29_in_1386_-_1434.png/330px-Map_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%28pink%29_and_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_%28red%29_in_1386_-_1434.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Map_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%28pink%29_and_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_%28red%29_in_1386_-_1434.png/440px-Map_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%28pink%29_and_the_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_%28red%29_in_1386_-_1434.png 2x" data-file-width="2977" data-file-height="2929" /></a><figcaption>Poland and Lithuania (1386–1434)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1230, the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>, a crusading <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military order (society)">military order</a>, moved to the <a href="/wiki/Kulmerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulmerland">Kulmerland</a> (today within the <a href="/wiki/Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship</a>) and, upon the request of Konrad I, king of the Masovian Slavs, launched the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Crusade" title="Prussian Crusade">Prussian Crusade</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Prussian clans</a>. With support from the Pope and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, the Teutons conquered and converted the Prussians by the 1280s and shifted their attention to the pagan <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>. For about a hundred years the Knights fought the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a> raiding the Lithuanian lands, particularly <a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitia</a> as it separated the Knights in Prussia from their <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">branch in Livonia</a>. The Lithuanians first gave up Samogitia during the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1381%E2%80%9384)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84)">Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dubysa" title="Treaty of Dubysa">Treaty of Dubysa</a>. The territory was used as a bargaining chip to ensure Teutonic support for one of the sides in the internal power struggle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1385, Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Jogaila" class="mw-redirect" title="Jogaila">Jogaila of Lithuania</a> proposed to marry reigning Queen <a href="/wiki/Jadwiga_of_Poland" title="Jadwiga of Poland">Jadwiga of Poland</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Kreva" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Kreva">Union of Kreva</a>. Jogaila converted to Christianity and was crowned as the King of Poland thus creating a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> between the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The official <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania" title="Christianization of Lithuania">Lithuanian conversion to Christianity</a> removed the religious rationale for the Order's activities in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-stone16_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stone16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the Knights responded by publicly contesting the sincerity of Jogaila's conversion, bringing the charge to a <a href="/wiki/Papal_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal court">papal court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stone16_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stone16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territorial disputes continued over Samogitia, which was in Teutonic hands since the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Raci%C4%85%C5%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Raciąż">Peace of Raciąż</a> of 1404. Poland also had territorial claims against the Knights in <a href="/wiki/Dobrzy%C5%84_Land" title="Dobrzyń Land">Dobrzyń Land</a> and Danzig (<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>), but the two states were largely at peace since the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kalisz_(1343)" title="Treaty of Kalisz (1343)">Treaty of Kalisz (1343)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conflict was also motivated by trade considerations: the Knights controlled lower reaches of the three largest rivers (<a href="/wiki/Neman_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman River">Neman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daugava_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Daugava River">Daugava</a>) in Poland and Lithuania.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Course_of_war">Course of war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Course of war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uprising,_war_and_truce"><span id="Uprising.2C_war_and_truce"></span>Uprising, war and truce</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uprising, war and truce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1409, an <a href="/wiki/Samogitian_uprisings" title="Samogitian uprisings">uprising in Teutonic-held Samogitia</a> started. Lithuania supported the uprising and the Knights threatened to invade. Poland announced its support for the Lithuanian cause and threatened to invade Prussia in return. As Prussian troops evacuated Samogitia, the Teutonic Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_von_Jungingen" title="Ulrich von Jungingen">Ulrich von Jungingen</a> declared war on the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania on 6 August 1409.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knights hoped to defeat Poland and Lithuania separately and began by invading <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuyavia" title="Kuyavia">Kuyavia</a>, catching the Poles by surprise.<sup id="cite_ref-ivin336_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivin336-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knights burned the castle at Dobrin (<a href="/wiki/Dobrzy%C5%84_nad_Wis%C5%82%C4%85" title="Dobrzyń nad Wisłą">Dobrzyń nad Wisłą</a>), captured <a href="/wiki/Bobrowniki" title="Bobrowniki">Bobrowniki</a> after a fourteen-day siege, conquered <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a> (Bromberg), and sacked several towns.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Poles organized counterattacks and recaptured Bydgoszcz.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samogitians attacked Memel (<a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ivin336_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivin336-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, neither side was ready for a full-scale war. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus,_King_of_the_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenceslaus, King of the Romans">Wenceslaus, King of the Romans</a>, agreed to mediate the dispute. A truce was signed on 8 October 1409; it was set to expire on 24 June 1410.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both sides used this time for preparations for the battle, gathering the troops and engaging in diplomatic maneuvers. Both sides sent letters and envoys accusing each other of various wrongdoings and threats to Christendom. Wenceslaus, who received a gift of 60,000 florins from the Knights, declared that Samogitia rightfully belonged to the Knights and only Dobrzyń Land should be returned to Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-turn21_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn21-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knights also paid 300,000 <a href="/wiki/Ducat" title="Ducat">ducats</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund of Hungary">Sigismund of Hungary</a>, who had ambitions for the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Moldova">principality of Moldova</a>, for his military assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-turn21_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn21-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sigismund attempted to break the Polish–Lithuanian alliance by offering Vytautas a king's crown; Vytautas's acceptance of such a crown would violate the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Agreement" title="Ostrów Agreement">Ostrów Agreement</a> and create Polish-Lithuanian discord.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time Vytautas managed to obtain a truce from the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chris227_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chris227-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Strategy_and_march_in_Prussia">Strategy and march in Prussia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Strategy and march in Prussia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grunwald_1410.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Grunwald_1410.png/220px-Grunwald_1410.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Grunwald_1410.png/330px-Grunwald_1410.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Grunwald_1410.png/440px-Grunwald_1410.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>Army movements during the Grunwald campaign</figcaption></figure> <p>By December 1409, Jogaila and Vytautas had agreed on a common strategy: their armies would unite into a single massive force and march together towards Marienburg (<a href="/wiki/Malbork" title="Malbork">Malbork</a>), capital of the Teutonic Knights.<sup id="cite_ref-turn30_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn30-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knights, who took a defensive position, did not expect a joint attack and were preparing for a dual invasion – by the Poles along the <a href="/wiki/Vistula_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vistula River">Vistula River</a> towards Danzig (<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>) and by the Lithuanians along the <a href="/wiki/Neman_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman River">Neman River</a> towards Ragnit (<a href="/wiki/Neman_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman (town)">Neman</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-jucas75_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jucas75-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To counter this perceived threat, Ulrich von Jungingen concentrated his forces in Schwetz (<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awiecie" title="Świecie">Świecie</a>), a central location from where troops could respond to an invasion from any direction rather quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To keep the plans secret and misguide the Knights, Jogaila and Vytautas organised several raids into border territories, thus forcing the Knights to keep their troops in place.<sup id="cite_ref-turn30_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn30-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first stage of the Grunwald campaign was gathering all Polish–Lithuanian troops at <a href="/wiki/Czerwinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Czerwinsk">Czerwinsk</a>, a designated meeting point about 80 km (50 mi) from the Prussian border, where the joint army crossed the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> over a <a href="/wiki/Czerwi%C5%84sk_Floating_Bridge" title="Czerwińsk Floating Bridge">floating bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-turn33_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn33-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This maneuver, which required precision and intense coordination among multi-ethnic forces, was accomplished in about a week from 24 to 30 June 1410.<sup id="cite_ref-jucas75_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jucas75-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the crossing, Masovian troops under <a href="/wiki/Siemowit_IV,_Duke_of_Masovia" title="Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia">Siemowit IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janusz_I_of_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Janusz I of Warsaw">Janusz I</a> joined the Polish–Lithuanian army.<sup id="cite_ref-jucas75_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jucas75-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massive force began its march north towards Marienburg (<a href="/wiki/Malbork" title="Malbork">Malbork</a>), capital of Prussia, on 3 July. The Prussian border was crossed on 9 July.<sup id="cite_ref-turn33_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn33-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As soon as Ulrich von Jungingen grasped Polish–Lithuanian intentions, he left 3,000 men at Schwetz (<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awiecie" title="Świecie">Świecie</a>) under <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Plauen" title="Heinrich von Plauen">Heinrich von Plauen</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and marched the main forces to organise a line of defence on the Drewenz River (<a href="/wiki/Drw%C4%99ca" title="Drwęca">Drwęca</a>) near Kauernik (<a href="/wiki/Kurz%C4%99tnik" title="Kurzętnik">Kurzętnik</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-turn35_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn35-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 July, Jogaila decided against crossing the river at such a strong defensible position. The army would instead bypass the river crossing by turning east, towards its sources, where no other major rivers separated his army from Marienburg.<sup id="cite_ref-turn35_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn35-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Teutonic army followed the Drewenz River north, crossed it near Löbau (<a href="/wiki/Lubawa" title="Lubawa">Lubawa</a>), and then moved east in parallel with the Polish–Lithuanian army. The latter ravaged the village of Gilgenburg (<a href="/wiki/D%C4%85br%C3%B3wno" title="Dąbrówno">Dąbrówno</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Jungingen was so enraged by the atrocities that he swore to defeat the invaders in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle of Grunwald"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Tannenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Battle_of_Tannenberg.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Tannenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Battle_of_Tannenberg.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Tannenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Battle_of_Tannenberg.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Tannenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>The battle as depicted in the Berner Chronik of <a href="/wiki/Diebold_Schilling" class="mw-redirect" title="Diebold Schilling">Diebold Schilling</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a> took place on 15 July 1410 between the villages of <a href="/wiki/Grunwald,_Warmian-Masurian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Grunwald, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship">Grunwald</a>, Tannenberg (<a href="/wiki/St%C4%99bark" title="Stębark">Stębark</a>) and Ludwigsdorf (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81odwigowo" title="Łodwigowo">Łodwigowo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-jucas77_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jucas77-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern estimates of number of troops involved range from 16,500 to 39,000 Polish–Lithuanian and 11,000 to 27,000 Teutonic men.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polish–Lithuanian army was an amalgam of nationalities and religions: the Roman Catholic Polish–Lithuanian troops fought side by side with <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">pagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenians</a>, and Muslim <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>. Twenty-two different peoples, mostly Germanic, joined the Teutonic side.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Knights hoped to provoke Poles or Lithuanians to attack first and sent two swords, known as <a href="/wiki/Grunwald_Swords" title="Grunwald Swords">Grunwald Swords</a>, to "assist Jogaila and Vytautas in battle".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lithuanians attacked first, but after more than an hour of heavy fighting, the Lithuanian light cavalry started a full retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason for the retreat – whether it was a retreat of the defeated force or a preconceived maneuver – remains a topic of academic debate.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy fighting began between Polish and Teutonic forces and even reached the royal camp of Jogaila. One Knight charged directly against King Jogaila, who was saved by royal secretary <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Ole%C5%9Bnicki_(cardinal)" title="Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal)">Zbigniew Oleśnicki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stone16_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stone16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lithuanians returned to the battle. As Grand Master von Jungingen attempted to break through the Lithuanian lines, he was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surrounded and leaderless, the Teutonic Knights began to retreat towards their camp in hopes to organize a defensive <a href="/wiki/Wagon_fort" title="Wagon fort">wagon fort</a>. However, the defense was soon broken and the camp was ravaged and according to an eyewitness account, more Knights died there than in the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defeat of the Teutonic Knights was resounding. About 8,000 Teuton soldiers were killed<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an additional 14,000 were taken captive.<sup id="cite_ref-turn68_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn68-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the brothers of the Order were killed, including most of the Teutonic leadership. The highest-ranking Teutonic official to escape the battle was Werner von Tettinger, <a href="/wiki/Commandery" title="Commandery">Komtur</a> of Elbing (<a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbląg</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-turn68_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turn68-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the captive commoners and mercenaries were released shortly after the battle on condition that they report to <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> on 11 November 1410.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nobles were kept in captivity and high ransoms were demanded for each. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Marienburg">Siege of Marienburg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Siege of Marienburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marienburg_(1410)" title="Siege of Marienburg (1410)">Siege of Marienburg (1410)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_Malbork_Castle,_part_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Panorama_of_Malbork_Castle%2C_part_4.jpg/220px-Panorama_of_Malbork_Castle%2C_part_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Panorama_of_Malbork_Castle%2C_part_4.jpg/330px-Panorama_of_Malbork_Castle%2C_part_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Panorama_of_Malbork_Castle%2C_part_4.jpg/440px-Panorama_of_Malbork_Castle%2C_part_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4138" data-file-height="2706" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malbork_Castle" title="Malbork Castle">Castle of Marienburg</a>, capital of the Teutonic Knights</figcaption></figure> <p>After the battle, the Polish and Lithuanian forces delayed their attack on the Teutonic capital in Marienburg (<a href="/wiki/Malbork" title="Malbork">Malbork</a>) by staying on the battlefield for three days and then marching an average of only about 15 km (9.3 mi) per day.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main forces did not reach heavily fortified Marienburg until 26 July. This delay gave <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Plauen" title="Heinrich von Plauen">Heinrich von Plauen</a> enough time to organize a defense. Polish historian <a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Jasienica" title="Paweł Jasienica">Paweł Jasienica</a> speculated that this was likely an intentional move by Jagiełło, who together with Vytautas preferred to keep the humbled but not decimated Order in play as to not upset the balance of power between Poland (which would most likely acquire most of the Order possessions if it was totally defeated) and Lithuania; but a lack of primary sources precludes a definitive explanation.<sup id="cite_ref-Jasienica1978_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jasienica1978-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jogaila, meanwhile, also sent his troops to other Teutonic fortresses, which often surrendered without resistance,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the major cities of Danzig (<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>), Thorn (<a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>), and Elbing (<a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbląg</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only eight castles remained in Teutonic hands.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polish and Lithuanian besiegers of Marienburg were not prepared for a long-term engagement, suffering from lack of ammunition, low morale, and an epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knights appealed to their allies for help and <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund of Hungary">Sigismund of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus,_King_of_the_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenceslaus, King of the Romans">Wenceslaus, King of the Romans</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a> promised financial aid and reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siege of Marienburg was lifted on 19 September. The Polish–Lithuanian forces left garrisons in fortresses that were captured or surrendered and returned home. However, the Knights quickly recaptured most of the castles. By the end of October, only four Teutonic castles along the border remained in Polish hands.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jogaila raised a fresh army and dealt another defeat to the Knights in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koronowo" title="Battle of Koronowo">Battle of Koronowo</a> on 10 October 1410. Following other brief engagements, both sides agreed to negotiate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Thorn_(1411)" title="Peace of Thorn (1411)">Peace of Thorn (1411)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peace_of_Torun_1411.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Peace_of_Torun_1411.jpg/220px-Peace_of_Torun_1411.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Peace_of_Torun_1411.jpg/330px-Peace_of_Torun_1411.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Peace_of_Torun_1411.jpg/440px-Peace_of_Torun_1411.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1647" /></a><figcaption>Peace of Thorn</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Thorn_(1411)" title="Peace of Thorn (1411)">Peace of Thorn</a> was signed on 1 February 1411. Under its terms, the Knights ceded the Dobrin Land (<a href="/wiki/Dobrzy%C5%84_Land" title="Dobrzyń Land">Dobrzyń Land</a>) to Poland and agreed to resign their claims to <a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitia</a> during the lifetimes of Jogaila and Vytautas,<sup id="cite_ref-chris228_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chris228-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although another two wars (the <a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War</a> of 1414 and the <a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War</a> of 1422) would be waged before the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Melno" title="Treaty of Melno">Treaty of Melno</a> permanently resolved the territorial disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Poles and Lithuanians were unable to translate the military victory into territorial or diplomatic gains. However, the Peace of Thorn imposed a heavy financial burden on the Knights from which they never recovered. They had to pay an indemnity in silver, estimated at ten times the annual income of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a>, in four annual installments.<sup id="cite_ref-chris228_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chris228-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To meet the payments, the Knights borrowed heavily, confiscated gold and silver from churches, and increased taxes. Two major Prussian cities, Danzig (<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>) and Thorn (<a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>), revolted against the tax increases. The defeat at Grunwald left the Teutonic Knights with few forces to defend their remaining territories. Since both Poland and Lithuania were now Christian countries, the Knights had difficulties recruiting new volunteer crusaders.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grand Masters then needed to rely on mercenary troops, which proved an expensive drain on their already depleted budget. The internal conflicts, economic decline and tax increases led to unrest and the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Confederation" title="Prussian Confederation">Prussian Confederation</a>, or <i>Alliance against Lordship</i>, in 1441. That, in turn, led to a series of conflicts that culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)">Thirteen Years' War</a> (1454).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEkdahl2008">Ekdahl 2008</a>, p. 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stone16-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stone16_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stone16_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stone16_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStone2001">Stone 2001</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiaupaKiaupienėKuncevičius2000">Kiaupa, Kiaupienė & Kuncevičius 2000</a>, p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ivin336-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ivin336_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ivin336_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIvinskis1978">Ivinskis 1978</a>, p. 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuczynski1960">Kuczynski 1960</a>, p. 614</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJučas2009">Jučas 2009</a>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn21-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn21_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn21_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiaupaKiaupienėKuncevičius2000">Kiaupa, Kiaupienė & Kuncevičius 2000</a>, p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chris227-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chris227_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristiansen1997">Christiansen 1997</a>, p. 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn30-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn30_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn30_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jucas75-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jucas75_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jucas75_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jucas75_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJučas2009">Jučas 2009</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJučas2009">Jučas 2009</a>, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn33-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn33_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn33_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn35-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn35_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn35_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, pp. 36–37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, pp. 148–149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jucas77-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jucas77_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJučas2009">Jučas 2009</a>, p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJučas2009">Jučas 2009</a>, pp. 57–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFРазин1999">Разин 1999</a>, pp. 485–486</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, pp. 48–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn68-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn68_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn68_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJučas2009">Jučas 2009</a>, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jasienica1978-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jasienica1978_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaweł_Jasienica1978" class="citation book cs1">Paweł Jasienica (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RjppAAAAMAAJ"><i>Jagiellonian Poland</i></a>. American Institute of Polish Culture. pp. 108–109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jagiellonian+Poland&rft.pages=108-109&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Polish+Culture&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Pawe%C5%82+Jasienica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRjppAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStone2001">Stone 2001</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIvinskis1978">Ivinskis 1978</a>, p. 342</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2003">Turnbull 2003</a>, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chris228-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chris228_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chris228_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristiansen1997">Christiansen 1997</a>, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiaupaKiaupienėKuncevičius2000">Kiaupa, Kiaupienė & Kuncevičius 2000</a>, pp. 142–144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristiansen1997">Christiansen 1997</a>, pp. 228–230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStone2001">Stone 2001</a>, pp. 17–19</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiansen1997" class="citation cs2">Christiansen, Eric (1997), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northerncrusades00eric"><i>The Northern Crusades</i></a></span> (2nd ed.), Penguin Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-026653-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-026653-4"><bdi>0-14-026653-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Crusades&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-14-026653-4&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnortherncrusades00eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkdahl2008" class="citation cs2">Ekdahl, Sven (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dSM_w4Q1sUwC&pg=PA175">"The Battle of Tannenberg-Grunwald-Žalgiris (1410) as reflected in Twentieth-Century monuments"</a>, in Victor Mallia-Milanes (ed.), <i>The Military Orders: History and Heritage</i>, vol. 3, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6290-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6290-7"><bdi>978-0-7546-6290-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Tannenberg-Grunwald-%C5%BDalgiris+%281410%29+as+reflected+in+Twentieth-Century+monuments&rft.btitle=The+Military+Orders%3A+History+and+Heritage&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6290-7&rft.aulast=Ekdahl&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdSM_w4Q1sUwC%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvinskis1978" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ivinskis, Zenonas (1978), <i>Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didžiojo mirties</i> (in Lithuanian), Rome: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/464401774">464401774</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+istorija+iki+Vytauto+Did%C5%BEiojo+mirties&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Lietuvi%C5%B3+katalik%C5%B3+mokslo+akademija&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F464401774&rft.aulast=Ivinskis&rft.aufirst=Zenonas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJučas2009" class="citation cs2">Jučas, Mečislovas (2009), <i>The Battle of Grünwald</i>, Vilnius: National Museum Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-609-95074-5-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-609-95074-5-3"><bdi>978-609-95074-5-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Gr%C3%BCnwald&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=National+Museum+Palace+of+the+Grand+Dukes+of+Lithuania&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-609-95074-5-3&rft.aulast=Ju%C4%8Das&rft.aufirst=Me%C4%8Dislovas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiaupaKiaupienėKuncevičius2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Zigmantas_Kiaupa" title="Zigmantas Kiaupa">Kiaupa, Zigmantas</a>; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000), <i>The History of Lithuania Before 1795</i>, Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9986-810-13-2" title="Special:BookSources/9986-810-13-2"><bdi>9986-810-13-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Lithuania+Before+1795&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9986-810-13-2&rft.aulast=Kiaupa&rft.aufirst=Zigmantas&rft.au=Kiaupien%C4%97%2C+J%C5%ABrat%C4%97&rft.au=Kuncevi%C4%8Dius%2C+Albinas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuczynski1960" class="citation cs2">Kuczynski, Stephen M. (1960), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FjfRAAAAMAAJ&q=Bydgoszcz"><i>The Great War with the Teutonic Knights in the years 1409–1411</i></a>, Ministry of National Defence, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20499549">20499549</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+War+with+the+Teutonic+Knights+in+the+years+1409%E2%80%931411&rft.pub=Ministry+of+National+Defence&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20499549&rft.aulast=Kuczynski&rft.aufirst=Stephen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjfRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DBydgoszcz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFРазин1999" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Разин, Е. А. (1999), <i>История военного искусства XVI – XVII вв.</i> (in Russian), vol. 3, Издательство Полигон, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-89173-041-3" title="Special:BookSources/5-89173-041-3"><bdi>5-89173-041-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+XVI+%E2%80%93+XVII+%D0%B2%D0%B2.&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=5-89173-041-3&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%95.+%D0%90.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Turnbull_(historian)" title="Stephen Turnbull (historian)">Turnbull, Stephen</a> (2003), <i>Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights</i>, Campaign Series, vol. 122, London: Osprey, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-561-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-561-7"><bdi>978-1-84176-561-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tannenberg+1410%3A+Disaster+for+the+Teutonic+Knights&rft.place=London&rft.series=Campaign+Series&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-561-7&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2001" class="citation cs2">Stone, Daniel (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFgB_l4SdHAC&pg=PA16"><i>The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386–1795</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98093-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98093-5"><bdi>978-0-295-98093-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Polish-Lithuanian+state%2C+1386%E2%80%931795&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98093-5&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLFgB_l4SdHAC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrban2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Urban" title="William Urban">Urban, William</a> (2003), <i>Tannenberg and After: Lithuania, Poland and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality</i> (Revised ed.), Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929700-25-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-929700-25-2"><bdi>0-929700-25-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tannenberg+and+After%3A+Lithuania%2C+Poland+and+the+Teutonic+Order+in+Search+of+Immortality&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Research+and+Studies+Center&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-929700-25-2&rft.aulast=Urban&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template talk:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Lithuania" title="List of wars involving Lithuania">Lithuanian wars and conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand<br />Duchy of<br />Lithuania</a><br />(to 1795)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(1219%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Lithuania (1219–95)">13th<br />century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania" title="Mongol invasions of Lithuania">Mongol invasions of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a> (1283–1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a> (1340–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1368%E2%80%931372)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)">Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Civil_Wars" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithuanian Civil Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1381%E2%80%931384)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)">1381–1384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1389%E2%80%931392)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)">1389–1392</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vikhra_River" title="Battle of the Vikhra River">Vikhra River (1386)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Crusade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samogitian_uprisings" title="Samogitian uprisings">Samogitian anti-Teutonic uprisings (1401–1409)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1409–1411) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Grunwald (1410)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War</a> (1414)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War</a> (1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashmyany" title="Battle of Ashmyany">Ašmena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz" title="Battle of Wiłkomierz">Pabaiskas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1431–1435)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> (1443–1444) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muscovite–Lithuanian_Wars" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#First_border_war_(1492–1494)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1492–1494</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Second_war_(1500–1503)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1500–1503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Third_war_(1507–1508)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1507–1508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinski_rebellion" title="Glinski rebellion">Glinski rebellion</a> (1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fourth_war_(1512–1522)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1512–1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fifth_or_Starodub_war_(1534–1537)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1534–1537</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> (1558–1583) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory</a> (1577–1582)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War</a> (1563–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1587–1588)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński (1591–1593)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko (1594–1596)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wars_with_Sweden" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Wars with Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Stångebro (1598)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Kircholm (1605)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">1626–1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Swedish Deluge</a> (1655–1660)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rebellions &<br />uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising"> Pavlyuk (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn (1638)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising"> Khmelnytsky (1648–1657)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Berestechko</a> (1651)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Muscovy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">1605–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Klushino (1610)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">1632–1634</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russian Deluge</a> (1654–1667)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottomans &<br />Tatars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Khotyn (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">1666–1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Khotyn (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">1683–1699</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Humenné (1619)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Early" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1697%E2%80%931702)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)">Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> (1700–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1733–1735)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a> (1768–1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1792" class="mw-redirect" title="War of 1792">War of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a> (1794)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_(obverse).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/50px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/75px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/100px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Lithuania<br />partitioned<br />(1795–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> (1803–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> (1812)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uprisings" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1831">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1863">1863</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1905">Revolution of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar Lithuania">Interwar<br />Lithuania</a><br />(1918–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#World_War_II_(1939–1945)" title="History of Lithuania">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a> (1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Soviet_period_(1944–1990)" title="History of Lithuania">Soviet<br />occupation</a><br />(1944–1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Independence_restored_(1990–present)" title="History of Lithuania">Restored<br />Lithuania</a><br />(since 1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template talk:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">Polish wars and conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">General and related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish_Army" title="History of the Polish Army">History of the Polish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Polish_intelligence_services" title="History of Polish intelligence services">History of Polish intelligence services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">List of wars involving Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfare_in_Medieval_Poland" title="Warfare in Medieval Poland">Warfare in Medieval Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/50px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/75px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/100px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Piast dynasty">Piast Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Veletian_War" title="Polish–Veletian War">Polish–Veletian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedynia" title="Battle of Cedynia">Battle of Cedynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1003%E2%80%931018)" title="German–Polish War (1003–1018)">German–Polish War (1003–1018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I%27s_intervention_in_the_Kievan_succession_crisis" title="Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis">Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1028%E2%80%931031)" title="German–Polish War (1028–1031)">German–Polish War (1028–1031)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miec%C5%82aw%27s_Rebellion" title="Miecław's Rebellion">Miecław's Rebellion</a></li> <li>1072 war against <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Siege of Głogów">Siege of Głogów</a></li> <li>1146 war against Germany</li> <li>1156 war against Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mongol invasions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica" title="Battle of Legnica">Battle of Legnica</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellon Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Teutonic War">Polish–Teutonic wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_takeover_of_Danzig_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)">Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1326%E2%80%931332)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)">Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C5%82owce" title="Battle of Płowce">Battle of Płowce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Great War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War (1414)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War (1422)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Priests_(Poland)" title="War of the Priests (Poland)">War of the Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1519%E2%80%931521)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)">Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_the_White%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Władysław the White's rebellion">Władysław the White's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grotniki" title="Battle of Grotniki">Battle of Grotniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">1444 war against the Ottomans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orsha" title="Battle of Orsha">Battle of Orsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1534%E2%80%931537)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)</a></li> <li>Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Polish–Swedish wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">campaign of Stephen Báthory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Battle of Stångebro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Battle of Kircholm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Northern War of 1655–1660</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">The Deluge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danzig_rebellion" title="Danzig rebellion">Danzig rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Lubieszów">Battle of Lubieszów</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1577)" title="Siege of Danzig (1577)">Siege of Danzig (1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Byczyna" title="Battle of Byczyna">Battle of Byczyna</a></li></ul></li> <li>1589 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński uprising</a></li> <li>1593 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_(1609%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)">Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Battle of Kłuszyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Battle of Humenné</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Polish–Ottoman Wars">Polish–Ottoman wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Battle of Chocim (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Battle of Chocim (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">War of the Holy League 1683–1699</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna" title="Battle of Vienna">Battle of Vienna</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1624 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising">Pavlyuk uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn uprising</a></li> <li>1644 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Battle of Berestechko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">War of the Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Polish–Russian War of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)" title="History of Poland (1795–1918)">Poland partitioned</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denisko_uprising" title="Denisko uprising">Denisko uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Prussian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Polish_War" title="Austro-Polish War">Austro-Polish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland uprising (1848)">Greater Poland uprising (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_World_War_I" title="History of Poland during World War I">fighting in Poland</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="First Silesian Uprising">First Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_offensive_(1920)" title="Kiev offensive (1920)">Kiev offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Silesian Uprising">Second Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Silesian Uprising">Third Silesian Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">World War II in Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II"> resistance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Poland during World War II">contributions</a> during World War II</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_uprisings" title="Ghetto uprisings">Ghetto uprisings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">Białystok Ghetto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto_uprising" title="Częstochowa Ghetto uprising">Częstochowa Ghetto uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italian Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Operation Ostra Brama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów uprising">Lwów uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz_Conflict" title="Racibórz Conflict">Racibórz Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland 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