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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZK1E8XKBLT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-ZK1E8XKBLT'); </script>  <title>WebElements Periodic Table » Beryllium » uses</title> <meta name="Description" content="This WebElements periodic table page contains uses for the element beryllium"> <meta name="keywords" content="beryllium, uses, chemistry, periodic table, periodic chart, periodic system, chemical elements, chemical, webelements, web-elements, Sheffield, science, element, elements, metal, gas, atoms"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/pure-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/grids-responsive-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure-layout-side-menu/css/layouts/side-menu.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/css/webelements.css?parameter=1"> <meta name="author" content="Prof Mark Winter, University of Sheffield"> <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright 2024 Prof Mark Winter"> <link rel="index" href="./"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> </head> <body> <div id="layout">  <a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link">  <span></span> </a>  <div id="menu"> <div class="pure-menu"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item logo"><a href="../" class="pure-menu-link"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo" /></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div id="NavigationPanel"> <table style="nav_panel"> <tr> <th class="navpanel-s"><a title="hydrogen" href="../hydrogen/uses.html">H</a></th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-s"><a title="lithium" href="../lithium/uses.html">Li</a></th> <th class="navpanel-s">Be</th> <th class="navpanel-p"><a title="boron" href="../boron/uses.html">B</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-s"><a title="sodium" href="../sodium/uses.html">Na</a></th> <th class="navpanel-s"><a title="magnesium" href="../magnesium/uses.html">Mg</a></th> <th class="navpanel-p"><a title="aluminium" href="../aluminium/uses.html">Al</a></th> </tr> </table> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div class="element_select_centre"><a class="imagelink" title="Switch to a different element from here" href="../index.html"><img class="" src="../_media/locs/Be-loc.png" alt="Beryllium location" /></a> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../actinium/uses.html">Actinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/uses.html">Aluminium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/uses.html">Aluminum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../americium/uses.html">Americium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../antimony/uses.html">Antimony</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../argon/uses.html">Argon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../arsenic/uses.html">Arsenic</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../astatine/uses.html">Astatine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../barium/uses.html">Barium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../berkelium/uses.html">Berkelium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../beryllium/uses.html">Beryllium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bismuth/uses.html">Bismuth</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../bohrium/uses.html">Bohrium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../boron/uses.html">Boron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bromine/uses.html">Bromine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cadmium/uses.html">Cadmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/uses.html">Caesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../calcium/uses.html">Calcium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../californium/uses.html">Californium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../carbon/uses.html">Carbon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../cerium/uses.html">Cerium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/uses.html">Cesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../chlorine/uses.html">Chlorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../chromium/uses.html">Chromium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cobalt/uses.html">Cobalt</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copernicium/uses.html">Copernicium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copper/uses.html">Copper</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../curium/uses.html">Curium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../darmstadtium/uses.html">Darmstadtium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../dubnium/uses.html">Dubnium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../dysprosium/uses.html">Dysprosium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../einsteinium/uses.html">Einsteinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../erbium/uses.html">Erbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../europium/uses.html">Europium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../fermium/uses.html">Fermium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../flerovium/uses.html">Flerovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../fluorine/uses.html">Fluorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../francium/uses.html">Francium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../gadolinium/uses.html">Gadolinium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../gallium/uses.html">Gallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../germanium/uses.html">Germanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../gold/uses.html">Gold</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hafnium/uses.html">Hafnium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hassium/uses.html">Hassium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../helium/uses.html">Helium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../holmium/uses.html">Holmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../hydrogen/uses.html">Hydrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../indium/uses.html">Indium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../iodine/uses.html">Iodine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iridium/uses.html">Iridium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iron/uses.html">Iron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../krypton/uses.html">Krypton</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../lanthanum/uses.html">Lanthanum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lawrencium/uses.html">Lawrencium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../lead/uses.html">Lead</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../lithium/uses.html">Lithium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../livermorium/uses.html">Livermorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lutetium/uses.html">Lutetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../magnesium/uses.html">Magnesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../manganese/uses.html">Manganese</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../meitnerium/uses.html">Meitnerium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../mendelevium/uses.html">Mendelevium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../mercury/uses.html">Mercury</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../molybdenum/uses.html">Molybdenum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../moscovium/uses.html">Moscovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neodymium/uses.html">Neodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../neon/uses.html">Neon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neptunium/uses.html">Neptunium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../nickel/uses.html">Nickel</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nihonium/uses.html">Nihonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../niobium/uses.html">Niobium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nitrogen/uses.html">Nitrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../nobelium/uses.html">Nobelium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oganesson/uses.html">Oganesson ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../osmium/uses.html">Osmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oxygen/uses.html">Oxygen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../palladium/uses.html">Palladium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../phosphorus/uses.html">Phosphorus</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../platinum/uses.html">Platinum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../plutonium/uses.html">Plutonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../polonium/uses.html">Polonium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../potassium/uses.html">Potassium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../praseodymium/uses.html">Praseodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../promethium/uses.html">Promethium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../protactinium/uses.html">Protactinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../radium/uses.html">Radium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../radon/uses.html">Radon ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhenium/uses.html">Rhenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhodium/uses.html">Rhodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../roentgenium/uses.html">Roentgenium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../rubidium/uses.html">Rubidium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../ruthenium/uses.html">Ruthenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rutherfordium/uses.html">Rutherfordium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../samarium/uses.html">Samarium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../scandium/uses.html">Scandium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../seaborgium/uses.html">Seaborgium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../selenium/uses.html">Selenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../silicon/uses.html">Silicon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../silver/uses.html">Silver</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../sodium/uses.html">Sodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../strontium/uses.html">Strontium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/uses.html">Sulfur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/uses.html">Sulphur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tantalum/uses.html">Tantalum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../technetium/uses.html">Technetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tellurium/uses.html">Tellurium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tennessine/uses.html">Tennessine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../terbium/uses.html">Terbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../thallium/uses.html">Thallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thorium/uses.html">Thorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thulium/uses.html">Thulium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tin/uses.html">Tin</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../titanium/uses.html">Titanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tungsten/uses.html">Tungsten</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../uranium/uses.html">Uranium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../vanadium/uses.html">Vanadium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../xenon/uses.html">Xenon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../ytterbium/uses.html">Ytterbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../yttrium/uses.html">Yttrium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zinc/uses.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/uses.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Be.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Beryllium - <sub>4</sub>Be</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Be.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button s_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Beryllium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Берилій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 鈹</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Beryllium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Béryllium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Beryllium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 בריליום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Berillio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 ベリリウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Berílio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Berilio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Beryllium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Бериллий</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="s">Beryllium - <sub><small>4</small></sub>Be: uses</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a href="../beryllium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Be Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../beryllium/contents.html">List all Be properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <p class="p_first">The following <a href="../periodicity/uses/" title="literature sources of the uses given here">uses</a> for beryllium are gathered from a number of sources as well as from anecdotal comments. I would be delighted to receive corrections as well as additional <em>referenced</em> uses.</p> <ul class="uses"> <li>X-ray windows (berllium transmits X-rays 17 times better than aluminium</li> <li>as a 2% alloy with nickel for springs, electrodes and nonsparking tools</li> <li>berllium (2%) alloyed with copper gives a hard strong alloy with high resistance to wear used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments (desirable lightness, stiffness)</li> <li>alloys are used as a structural material for high performance aircraft, missiles, spacecraft (such as the USA space shuttle), and communication satellites.</li> <li>ceramics</li> <li>as a moderator in nuclear reactions since it is a highly effective moderator and reflector for neutrons</li> <li>the oxide is used in the nuclear industry</li> </ul> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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