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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-More_than_two_riders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_than_two_riders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>More than two riders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_than_two_riders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_pedaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_pedaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Independent pedaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_pedaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seating_arrangements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seating_arrangements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Seating arrangements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seating_arrangements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_steering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_steering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Double steering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_steering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tricycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tricycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Tricycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tricycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_wheelbase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_wheelbase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Short wheelbase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_wheelbase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Folding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Couplers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Couplers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Couplers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Couplers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tandem_specific_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tandem_specific_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tandem specific components</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tandem_specific_components-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tandem specific components subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tandem_specific_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drive_train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drive_train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Drive train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drive_train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crankset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crankset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Crankset</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crankset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Fork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handle_bars_and_stem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handle_bars_and_stem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Handle bars and stem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handle_bars_and_stem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Brakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riding_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riding_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Riding techniques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Riding_techniques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Riding techniques subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Riding_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crank_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crank_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Crank phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crank_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tandem bicycle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دراجة ترادفية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دراجة ترادفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ndem" title="Tàndem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàndem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandemov%C3%A9_kolo" title="Tandemové kolo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tandemové kolo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem" title="Tandem – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tandem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_(Fahrrad)" title="Tandem (Fahrrad) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tandem (Fahrrad)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ndem_(bicicleta)" title="Tándem (bicicleta) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tándem (bicicleta)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandemo" title="Tandemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tandemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_(bizikleta)" title="Tandem (bizikleta) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tandem (bizikleta)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem" title="Tandem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tandem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ndem" title="Tándem – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tándem" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepeda_gandeng" title="Sepeda gandeng – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sepeda gandeng" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem" title="Tandem – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tandem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9D" title="אופני טנדם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אופני טנדם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Тандем велосипеді – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тандем велосипеді" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandemas" title="Tandemas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tandemas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_(ker%C3%A9kp%C3%A1r)" title="Tandem (kerékpár) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tandem (kerékpár)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_(fiets)" title="Tandem (fiets) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tandem (fiets)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaar-en-moor-fietse" title="Vaar-en-moor-fietse – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vaar-en-moor-fietse" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A0%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%8A" title="タンデム自転車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タンデム自転車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandemsykkel" title="Tandemsykkel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tandemsykkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem" title="Tandem – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tandem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicicleta_tandem" title="Bicicleta tandem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bicicleta tandem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biciclet%C4%83_tandem" title="Bicicletă tandem – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bicicletă tandem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Велотандем – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Велотандем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandemcykel" title="Tandemcykel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tandemcykel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4)" title="Тандем (велосипед) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тандем (велосипед)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E4%BA%BA%E5%96%AE%E8%BB%8A" title="雙人單車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雙人單車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of bicycle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bicycle built for two" redirects here. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bell" title="Daisy Bell">Daisy Bell</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tandem_bike_with_double_electric_batteries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tandem_bike_with_double_electric_batteries.jpg/220px-Tandem_bike_with_double_electric_batteries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tandem_bike_with_double_electric_batteries.jpg/330px-Tandem_bike_with_double_electric_batteries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tandem_bike_with_double_electric_batteries.jpg/440px-Tandem_bike_with_double_electric_batteries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>An electric tandem bike</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Single_speed_tandem_bicycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Single_speed_tandem_bicycle.jpg/220px-Single_speed_tandem_bicycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Single_speed_tandem_bicycle.jpg/330px-Single_speed_tandem_bicycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Single_speed_tandem_bicycle.jpg/440px-Single_speed_tandem_bicycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4640" data-file-height="2610" /></a><figcaption>Single speed tandem bicycle in India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fat_Tandem_Bike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fat_Tandem_Bike.jpg/220px-Fat_Tandem_Bike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fat_Tandem_Bike.jpg/330px-Fat_Tandem_Bike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Fat_Tandem_Bike.jpg/440px-Fat_Tandem_Bike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Fat Tandem Bike</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TandemTurkey01_ST_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TandemTurkey01_ST_05.jpg/220px-TandemTurkey01_ST_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TandemTurkey01_ST_05.jpg/330px-TandemTurkey01_ST_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TandemTurkey01_ST_05.jpg/440px-TandemTurkey01_ST_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A tandem <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">mountain bike</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tandem_loaded_for_touring.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tandem_loaded_for_touring.JPG/220px-Tandem_loaded_for_touring.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tandem_loaded_for_touring.JPG/330px-Tandem_loaded_for_touring.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tandem_loaded_for_touring.JPG/440px-Tandem_loaded_for_touring.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>A tandem loaded for <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">bicycle touring</a> with front and rear <a href="/wiki/Luggage_carrier" title="Luggage carrier">racks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pannier#Bicycle_panniers" title="Pannier">panniers</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OpelFahrrad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/OpelFahrrad.JPG/220px-OpelFahrrad.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/OpelFahrrad.JPG/330px-OpelFahrrad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/OpelFahrrad.JPG/440px-OpelFahrrad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>A large tandem, or more specifically, a <b>quint</b> (for five people)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm/220px--Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm/Tandem_bicycle_-_Tokyo_-_20170505.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Tandem bicycle in use in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tandem bicycle</b> or <b>twin</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a> (occasionally a <a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">tricycle</a>) designed to be ridden by more than one person. The term <a href="/wiki/Tandem" title="Tandem">tandem</a> refers to the seating arrangement (fore to aft, not side by side), not the number of riders. Patents related to tandem bicycles date from the mid 1880s. Tandems can reach higher speeds than the same riders on single bicycles, and tandem bicycle racing exists. As with bicycles for single riders, there are many variations that have been developed over the years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <a href="/wiki/Tandem" title="Tandem">tandem</a> refers to the seating arrangement (fore to aft, not side by side), not the number of riders. A bike with two riders side by side is called a <a href="/wiki/Sociable" title="Sociable">sociable</a>. </p><p>Tandem bicycles are sometimes called "Daisy Bells".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is in reference to "<a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bell" title="Daisy Bell">Daisy Bell</a> (Bicycle Built for Two)" which is a popular song, written in 1892 by British songwriter <a href="/wiki/Harry_Dacre" title="Harry Dacre">Harry Dacre</a>, with the well-known chorus, "Daisy, Daisy / Give me your answer, do. / I'm half crazy / all for the love of you", ending with the words, "a bicycle built for two". </p><p>On conventional tandems, the front rider steers as well as <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_pedal" title="Bicycle pedal">pedals</a> the bicycle and is known as the <i>captain</i>, <i>pilot</i>, or <i>steersman</i>; the rear rider only pedals and is known as the <i>stoker</i>, <i>navigator</i> or <i>rear admiral</i>. On most tandems the two sets of cranks are mechanically linked by a <a href="/wiki/Timing_belt_(camshaft)" title="Timing belt (camshaft)">timing chain</a> and turn at the same rate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ant%C3%B4nio,_Lu%C3%ADs_and_Pedro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ant%C3%B4nio%2C_Lu%C3%ADs_and_Pedro.jpg/220px-Ant%C3%B4nio%2C_Lu%C3%ADs_and_Pedro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ant%C3%B4nio%2C_Lu%C3%ADs_and_Pedro.jpg/330px-Ant%C3%B4nio%2C_Lu%C3%ADs_and_Pedro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ant%C3%B4nio%2C_Lu%C3%ADs_and_Pedro.jpg/440px-Ant%C3%B4nio%2C_Lu%C3%ADs_and_Pedro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian princes (from left) <a href="/wiki/Prince_Ant%C3%B4nio_Gast%C3%A3o_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-Braganza" title="Prince Antônio Gastão of Orléans-Braganza">Antônio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Lu%C3%ADs_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-Braganza_(1878%E2%80%931920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza (1878–1920)">Luís</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alc%C3%A2ntara,_Prince_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1" title="Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará">Pedro</a> on a triple tandem bike during their exile, 1891</figcaption></figure> <p>Patents related to tandem bicycles date from the mid 1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In approximately 1898, <a href="/wiki/Mikael_Pedersen" title="Mikael Pedersen">Mikael Pedersen</a> developed a two-rider tandem version of his <a href="/wiki/Pedersen_bicycle" title="Pedersen bicycle">Pedersen bicycle</a> that weighed 24 pounds, and a four-rider, or "quad", that weighed 64 pounds.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also used in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Boer War">Second Anglo-Boer War</a>. Tandem popularity began to decline after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> until a revival started in the late 1960s. In the UK <a href="/wiki/The_Tandem_Club" title="The Tandem Club">The Tandem Club</a> was founded in 1971, new tandems came on to the market from the French companies Lejeune and <a href="/wiki/Gitane" title="Gitane">Gitane</a>, and in the USA Bill McCready founded <a href="/wiki/Santana_Cycles" title="Santana Cycles">Santana Cycles</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern technology has improved component and frame designs, and many tandems are as well-built as modern high-end road and off-road bikes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A song written in 1892 has a man asking "<a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bell" title="Daisy Bell">Daisy Bell</a>" to marry him, saying, "It won't be a stylish marriage. I can't afford a carriage. But you'll look sweet upon the seat of a bicycle built for two!" </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> comedy shorts, <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Stooges" title="The Three Stooges">The Three Stooges</a> occasionally ride on a tandem bicycle for their recurring gags. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/LWT" class="mw-redirect" title="LWT">LWT</a> TV series, <a href="/wiki/The_Goodies" title="The Goodies">The Goodies</a> are famously well known to ride their main tranportion, the tandem bicycle for travelling english countrysides and London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared to a conventional bicycle, a tandem has double the <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_pedal" title="Bicycle pedal">pedalling</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">power</a>, without necessarily doubling the speed, and with only slightly more frictional loss in the drivetrain. It has about the same wind resistance as a conventional bicycle. High-performance tandems may weigh less than twice as much as a single bike, so the <a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">power-to-weight ratio</a> may be slightly better than that of a single bike and rider. On flat terrain and downhill, most of the power produced by cyclists is used to overcome wind resistance, so tandems can reach higher speeds than the same riders on single bicycles. They are not necessarily slower on climbs, but are perceived as such, in part due to the need for a high level of coordination between the riders, especially if the physical abilities of the two riders are very different, requiring a compromise on <a href="/wiki/Cadence_(cycling)" title="Cadence (cycling)">cadence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tandem <a href="/wiki/Velomobile" title="Velomobile">velomobile</a> bicycle record was set at 83 km/h in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-ethlife.ethz.ch_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethlife.ethz.ch-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tandem bicycles are used in competitions such as the <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympics</a> with <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Low_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Low vision">visually impaired</a> cyclists riding as stokers with <a href="/wiki/Sighted_guide" title="Sighted guide">fully sighted captains</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the Summer Olympics">Cycling at the Summer Olympics</a> featured a men's tandem event in 1908 and from 1920 to 1972. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TANDEM_HAND%26FOOT_BICYCLE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/TANDEM_HAND%26FOOT_BICYCLE.jpg/220px-TANDEM_HAND%26FOOT_BICYCLE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/TANDEM_HAND%26FOOT_BICYCLE.jpg/330px-TANDEM_HAND%26FOOT_BICYCLE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/TANDEM_HAND%26FOOT_BICYCLE.jpg/440px-TANDEM_HAND%26FOOT_BICYCLE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Independent tandem bicycle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tandem_recumbent_bicycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tandem_recumbent_bicycle.jpg/220px-Tandem_recumbent_bicycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tandem_recumbent_bicycle.jpg/330px-Tandem_recumbent_bicycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tandem_recumbent_bicycle.jpg/440px-Tandem_recumbent_bicycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>A tandem <a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">recumbent bicycle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orient_Combination_Tandem,_Waltham,_MA,_1899.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orient_Combination_Tandem%2C_Waltham%2C_MA%2C_1899.JPG/220px-Orient_Combination_Tandem%2C_Waltham%2C_MA%2C_1899.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orient_Combination_Tandem%2C_Waltham%2C_MA%2C_1899.JPG/330px-Orient_Combination_Tandem%2C_Waltham%2C_MA%2C_1899.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orient_Combination_Tandem%2C_Waltham%2C_MA%2C_1899.JPG/440px-Orient_Combination_Tandem%2C_Waltham%2C_MA%2C_1899.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>An Orient Combination Tandem Bicycle in <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Waltham, MA">Waltham, MA</a>, USA, 1899, with two-person steering</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hf_tandem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hf_tandem.jpg/220px-Hf_tandem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hf_tandem.jpg/330px-Hf_tandem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hf_tandem.jpg/440px-Hf_tandem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2352" /></a><figcaption>Hand and foot tandem trike</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burley-Packed-SandS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Burley-Packed-SandS.jpg/220px-Burley-Packed-SandS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Burley-Packed-SandS.jpg/330px-Burley-Packed-SandS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Burley-Packed-SandS.jpg/440px-Burley-Packed-SandS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>An S&S Tandem packed into two travel cases</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tandem_VTT_doublettrack_Tthunder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tandem_VTT_doublettrack_Tthunder.jpg/220px-Tandem_VTT_doublettrack_Tthunder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tandem_VTT_doublettrack_Tthunder.jpg/330px-Tandem_VTT_doublettrack_Tthunder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tandem_VTT_doublettrack_Tthunder.jpg/440px-Tandem_VTT_doublettrack_Tthunder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>A tandem, full-suspension mountain bike</figcaption></figure> <p>Tandems may also be used for <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">bicycle touring</a> and may provide a solution to the problem of riders with different abilities that wish to tour together. Each rider may exert themselves as they wish and all riders travel at the same speed. </p><p>The UK has specialist time trial events that have National competition records over 10, 25, 50 and 100-mile events against the clock. There are also 12 and 24-hour time trials ran by the <a href="/wiki/Cycling_Time_Trials" title="Cycling Time Trials">CTT</a> and VTTA riders. There are also place to place records that are run by the <a href="/wiki/Road_Records_Association" title="Road Records Association">RRA</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_than_two_riders">More than two riders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: More than two riders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tandems can have more than two riders – <a href="/wiki/Tandem" title="Tandem">tandem</a> refers to the arrangement of the riders one behind the other rather than the number of riders. Bicycles for three, four, or five riders are referred to as "triples" or "triplets", "quads" or "quadruplets", and "quints" or "quintuplets" respectively. One such familiar to UK TV viewers was the "trandem" ridden by <a href="/wiki/The_Goodies" title="The Goodies">The Goodies</a>. Originally a two-rider tandem with an extra "dummy" seat attached, a full three-rider version was built for them by <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Bicycle_Company" title="Raleigh Bicycle Company">Raleigh</a>. </p><p>A marching band in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, uses a six-place tandem bicycle fitted to carry certain of their instruments in a way that allows them to play music while underway<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. In the '80s or '90s, an eight-seat tandem bicycle was built and demonstrated in Philadelphia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_pedaling">Independent pedaling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Independent pedaling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some designs such as the DaVinci can allow independent pedaling through the use of multiple freewheels.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another design, the rear rider steers and propels the rear wheel with pedals, and the front rider propels the front wheel with both hands and feet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seating_arrangements">Seating arrangements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Seating arrangements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tandems come with both upright and <a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">recumbent</a> seating. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bilenky_Cycle_Works" title="Bilenky Cycle Works">Bilenky Viewpoint</a> and the Hase Pino are hybrid upright/recumbent tandems steered by the captain who sits upright in the rear, while the stoker rides in a recumbent position in the front. Both also feature independent stoker pedaling. </p><p>The "Buddy Bike" is designed to allow a child to sit on the front saddle with an adult on the rear saddle and steering with extra-long handlebars.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_steering">Double steering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Double steering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both riders, in the case of just two, may be able to steer. The Star Cycle Company, of Wolverhampton, England, marketed its "Combination Roadster tandem" in 1896. It had a link from the second set of handlebars to the front fork.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others include the 1897 Geneva,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1898 Stearns.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tricycles">Tricycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tricycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tandems are also available as <a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">tricycles</a>; the conventional tandem trike has a small but devoted following in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and is available in one-wheel and two-wheel drive designs. Recumbent tandem tricycles are also gaining popularity throughout the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_wheelbase">Short wheelbase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Short wheelbase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are short wheelbase models, with the rear rider sitting over the rear wheel, either just in front of or even behind the rear axle.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folding">Folding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Folding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several manufacturers offer <a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">folding</a> tandems, either with <a href="/wiki/Small_wheel_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Small wheel bicycle">small wheels</a> or not, to facilitate packing and travelling.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Couplers">Couplers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Couplers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is possible to add <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Torque_Coupling" title="Bicycle Torque Coupling">couplers</a> either during manufacturing or as a retrofit so that the frame can be disassembled into smaller pieces to facilitate packing and travel. Santana manufactures a "triplet" (or quad) that can be transformed into a tandem by simply removing the center section of the frame."<sup id="cite_ref-Santana_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santana-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tandem_specific_components">Tandem specific components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tandem specific components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tandems are subjected to unique stresses caused by additional riders and weight requiring solutions specific to tandem construction. The phrase "Tandem Specific" was popularized by its use in Santana tandem catalogs during the 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drive_train">Drive train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Drive train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To transfer power from all pedals to the rear wheel requires a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_drivetrain_systems" title="Bicycle drivetrain systems">drive train</a>. Typically, the forward crankset is connected by a left-side <a href="/wiki/Timing_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Timing chain">timing chain</a> to the rear crankset, which in turn is connected by a right-side chain to the rear wheel. This configuration is called <b>crossover rear drive</b>, and requires both of the rear cranks to have chainrings. To work reliably, both of the left-side cranks must be tandem- or left-drive specific to accept the left-hand threading used on left pedals. </p><p>The second most popular solution, due to not requiring tandem-specific cranks, is called <b>single side rear drive</b>. The forward crankset is connected by a right-side timing chain to the rear crankset, which in turn is connected by a right-side chain to the rear wheel. This requires that one of the rear chainrings be devoted to the timing chain and limits shifting options. </p><p>The least popular solution is to run a drive chain from the forward crankset all the way to the rear wheel, and also run a timing chain from the front crankset to the rear crankset. This is less popular because it requires considerably more chain than the first two arrangements. Such a setup is called a <b>crossover front drive</b>. </p><p>A rare solution to the requirement of coordinated pedaling is the use of a <a href="/wiki/Jackshaft" title="Jackshaft">jackshaft</a> plus two freehubs, thus allowing one rider to coast while the other continues to pedal. This also allows riders to select different crank positions, such as inphase (IP), or Out-Of-Phase (OOP), while pedaling together. Davinci Tandems use a unique "Independent Drive" whereby the intermediate shaft transfers the power from the stoker and captain cranks into a converter which allows up to four chainrings. This variant also allows stoker and captain cranks to freewheel (coast) independently. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tandem_chain_rings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tandem_chain_rings.jpg/220px-Tandem_chain_rings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tandem_chain_rings.jpg/330px-Tandem_chain_rings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Tandem_chain_rings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>The most popular tandem drive train. The red chainrings are the same size, so the tandem pedals can be in sync.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tandem_bear_5BBT_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tandem_bear_5BBT_jeh.JPG/220px-Tandem_bear_5BBT_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tandem_bear_5BBT_jeh.JPG/330px-Tandem_bear_5BBT_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tandem_bear_5BBT_jeh.JPG/440px-Tandem_bear_5BBT_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Stoker does not necessarily face front or have drive train engaged</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crankset">Crankset</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Crankset"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The front <a href="/wiki/Crankset" title="Crankset">crankset</a> typically has only one chainring. The rear crankset typically has many chainrings, sometimes on both sides. On a tandem where the pedaling is designed to be in <a href="/wiki/Synchronization" title="Synchronization">sync</a>, both cranksets will use a chainring for the timing chain of the same size. The drive chain chainrings can be single gear or use a <a href="/wiki/Derailleur_gears" class="mw-redirect" title="Derailleur gears">derailleur</a>. </p><p>To maintain the necessary tension on the timing chain, many tandems use an <a href="/wiki/Eccentric_(mechanism)" title="Eccentric (mechanism)">eccentric</a> that is placed in the front rider's <a href="/wiki/Bottom_bracket" title="Bottom bracket">bottom bracket</a> shell. An alternate solution is to implement a pulley, or idler, on the bottom of the timing chain to take up slack. Idlers add friction and a potential point of failure to the drive train. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fork">Fork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tandems have very different weight distribution and loads on wheels, brakes, and forks. A tandem-specific fork is designed to handle this.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Custom tandem makers such as Co-Motion make specific forks for tandem, triple, and quad-bikes. Brake forces can be substantial. On any bicycle, the front brake (and thus fork) are critical to safe and efficient braking.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On disc brakes tandems, it is important that heat transfer and dissipation has been engineered properly. In particular, carbon tandem forks can provide all the benefits of comfort and control, but are also designed to handle the increased heat load. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handle_bars_and_stem">Handle bars and stem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Handle bars and stem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stoker <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_handlebar" title="Bicycle handlebar">handlebars</a> are typically connected to a stoker <a href="/wiki/Stem_(bicycle_part)" title="Stem (bicycle part)">stem</a> that is clamped around the captain's <a href="/wiki/Seatpost" title="Seatpost">seatpost</a>. The stoker handlebars are typically bullhorns or drop bars with "dummy levers" instead of brake levers for gripping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wheels">Wheels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the extra weight and stresses, tandem <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_wheel" title="Bicycle wheel">wheels</a> may use a higher <a href="/wiki/Spoke" title="Spoke">spoke</a> count, sturdier rims, higher pressure <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_tire" title="Bicycle tire">tires</a>, a stronger freewheel, dishless spoke configuration, or asymmetric wheels. Tandems wear out rear wheels faster than front wheels; therefore, they may use non-symmetrical wheel setups, such as more spokes or a sturdier rim on the rear wheel. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_wheel#Dish" title="Bicycle wheel">dish</a> of a wheel measures the amount of asymmetry between the rim and the hub flanges. To accommodate a large <a href="/wiki/Cogset#Cassettes" title="Cogset">cassette</a>, more space is needed on the drive side of the axle; this increases the complexity of manufacturing and truing the wheel. Tandem rear wheels tend to run a wider hub/axle to allow the right-side hub flange to be further right of wheel center and thus reduce the total dish of the wheel. Some modern tandems use a 160-mm-wide axle that allows a wheel that is completely "dishless" (i.e. symmetric). The disadvantage is this may increase the <a href="/wiki/Q_Factor_(Bicycles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Q Factor (Bicycles)">Q-factor</a> of the stoker's cranks and may also cause "heel-strike" of the stoker's shoes on the chain stays. Others use shorter axles (often 145 mm wide) thereby trading a little decrease in the strength of the wheel for the advantage of a similar decrease in the bending moment of the axle spindle. Rear hubs may also be threaded on the left side to allow the use of a drum brake. </p><p>Specialty wheels such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerospoke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerospoke (page does not exist)">Aerospoke</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shimano" title="Shimano">Shimano</a> "Sweet-16" may build "tandem certified" racing wheelsets. The Aerospoke tandem wheelset is built up more than their roadset with special tandem hubs that can be removed and which facilitates stacking the rims flat into a travel case. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brakes">Brakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Brakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A tandem bicycle has about twice the <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a> as a single bicycle traveling at the same forward speed. This may be more than can be handled by the same brakes, especially <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_brake#Rim_brakes" title="Bicycle brake">rim brakes</a>, as a single bicycle. Two alternatives have been employed to solve this problem: drum brakes and disc brakes. </p><p>The Arai <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_brakes#Drum_brakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle brakes">drum brake</a> is used during long downhill descents where a rim brake might overheat the tire and possibly cause it to fail. The drum of the brake screws onto the left side of the tandem hub, which must be threaded for the drum. The shoe plate slips over the axle and a small reaction arm from the shoe plate engages with the bicycle frame to prevent the plate from turning. The drum brake is typically controlled by a friction shift lever like a BARCON or similar. The brake is designed to be engaged continuously during a descent to maintain a steady speed. The standard brakes can be used in addition as necessary. </p><p>Some modern tandems use <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_brake_systems#Disc_brakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle brake systems">disc brakes</a>, with all the advantages and disadvantages that entails. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riding_techniques">Riding techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Riding techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tandem_bicycle" title="Special:EditPage/Tandem bicycle">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddy_Bike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Buddy_Bike.jpg/220px-Buddy_Bike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Buddy_Bike.jpg/330px-Buddy_Bike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Buddy_Bike.jpg/440px-Buddy_Bike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A "Buddy Bike" tandem.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeddyChauffersSml.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/TeddyChauffersSml.jpg/220px-TeddyChauffersSml.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/TeddyChauffersSml.jpg/330px-TeddyChauffersSml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/TeddyChauffersSml.jpg/440px-TeddyChauffersSml.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Triple pulling a <a href="/wiki/Trailer_bike" title="Trailer bike">trailer bike</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The rear rider starts clipped in while the front rider holds the tandem upright. For those who can get accustomed to the rear rider always being clipped in, the distinct advantage to this technique will become obvious when trying to start at the foot of a bridge or on a hill. If the tandem team does not practice this, then they often reserve this type of start for when they are faced with a bridge or hill. This technique allows the rear rider to apply continuous power as the front rider steadies the tandem during the initial take-off. This reduces the risk of the tandem toppling over due to starting on an incline. The rear rider will continue to pedal as the front rider attempts to get the foot used for steadying the tandem clipped into the pedal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crank_phase">Crank phase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Crank phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riders may choose to synchronise their pedalling through in-<a href="/wiki/Phase_(waves)" title="Phase (waves)">phase</a> (IP) or out-of-phase (OOP) pedalling. In in-phase pedalling, each rider's cranks are the same or opposite clock positions at any point in time. In out-of-phase pedalling, both riders have their cranks in differing non-opposite positions. This has the potential for a wide range of variation. Some tandem riders arrange their cranks so that they are 90° out of phase to produce what is called the "4 banger arrangement". In practice, OOP setups range from a mere two-tooth phase difference between cranks to a full 90° phase difference. Generally, OOP provides the greatest benefits to the tandem team that has disparate leg-strength.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When the tandem is pedalled IP it is possible, and often happens, that the stronger rider literally drops the pedals out from beneath the feet of the weaker rider and cause the latter to be unable to contribute meaningfully. Using OOP makes a significant difference in gearing choice as each rider has the full mass of the tandem in their power stroke, so lower gears are preferred. However, using OOP can help develop leg strength for the very same reason. Some argue that this produces a smoother power stroke, or that it reduces stress on the drive train because the point of maximum power is reduced to roughly half and distributed over the chainrings.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturers">Manufacturers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santana_Tandem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Santana_Tandem.jpg/220px-Santana_Tandem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Santana_Tandem.jpg/330px-Santana_Tandem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Santana_Tandem.jpg/440px-Santana_Tandem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santana_Cycles" title="Santana Cycles">Santana</a> Beyond tandem with a mix of carbon fiber and titanium tubes and titanium lugs</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the market for tandem bicycles is significantly smaller than the market for single bikes, there are far fewer tandem bicycle manufacturers than single-bicycle manufacturers. There are a few builders who specialize in tandems, as well as single-bike makers who offer tandem models. Current notable tandem bicycle manufacturers include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Friday" title="Bike Friday">Bike Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilenky_Cycle_Works" title="Bilenky Cycle Works">Bilenky Cycle Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Bicycles" title="Bohemian Bicycles">Bohemian Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burley_Design" title="Burley Design">Burley Design</a> (now out of production)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calfee_Design" title="Calfee Design">Calfee Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannondale_Bicycle_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannondale Bicycle Corporation">Cannondale Bicycle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Motion_Cycles" title="Co-Motion Cycles">Co-Motion Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfac" title="Cyfac">Cyfac International</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Vinci_Designs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Vinci Designs (page does not exist)">da Vinci Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Cycles" title="Dawes Cycles">Dawes Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelle (bicycle)">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hase_Spezialr%C3%A4der" title="Hase Spezialräder">Hase Spezialräder</a> (Hase Bikes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHS_Bicycles" title="KHS Bicycles">KHS Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MTBT_Tandems_(Fandango)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTBT Tandems (Fandango) (page does not exist)">MTBT Tandems (Fandango)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93rbita_bicycles" title="Órbita bicycles">Órbita bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridebo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridebo (page does not exist)">Ridebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santana_Cycles" title="Santana Cycles">Santana Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwinn_Bicycle_Company" title="Schwinn Bicycle Company">Schwinn Bicycle Company</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schwinn_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwinn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torker" title="Torker">Torker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trek_Bicycle_Corporation" title="Trek Bicycle Corporation">Trek Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventana_Mountain_Bikes_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventana Mountain Bikes USA (page does not exist)">Ventana Mountain Bikes USA</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">Outline of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociable" title="Sociable">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_bike" title="Trailer bike">Trailer bike</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1H667NtX2WIC&pg=RA18-PA9"><i>The Iron Age</i></a>. New York City: David Williams Company. 1897. pp. 8–10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ethlife.ethz.ch&rft.atitle=%22Es+ist+uns+gegl%C3%BCckt%22&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethlife.ethz.ch%2Farchive_articles%2F130729_tandem_weltrekord_aj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATandem+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davincitandems.com/dv2.html">"da Vinci's Independent Drive™"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=da+Vinci%27s+Independent+Drive%E2%84%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davincitandems.com%2Fdv2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATandem+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddybike.com/">"Buddy Bike"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuscany+on+a+tandem+-+Advanced+info-+Tandem+Bicycle+Set+Ups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crazyguyonabike.com%2Fdoc%2Fpage%2F%3Fpage_id%3D165118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATandem+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwinn-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwinn_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108051532/http://www.schwinnbikes.com/bikes/cruisers/tango-tandem-15934">"Schwinn Tango Tandem"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schwinnbikes.com/bikes/cruisers/tango-tandem-15934">the original</a> on 8 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schwinn+Tango+Tandem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schwinnbikes.com%2Fbikes%2Fcruisers%2Ftango-tandem-15934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATandem+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandem_bicycle&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tandem_bicycles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tandem bicycles">Tandem bicycles</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/tandem_bicycle" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/tandem bicycle">tandem bicycle</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikecad.ca/tandems">Designing tandems on BikeCAD</a> - BikeCAD bicycle design software can be used to model a tandem bicycle</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandeming.co.uk">The Tandem Experience</a> - the original try before you buy and training company</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandem-club.org.uk">The Tandem Club</a> — the original tandem club, UK-based with Dutch, other European and international members</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandemclub.org">The Tandem Club of America</a> — a U.S.-based club</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitbishopscastle.org.uk/events/tandem.htm">The Bishops Castle Tandem Triathlon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100629050833/http://www.visitbishopscastle.org.uk/events/tandem.htm">Archived</a> 2010-06-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandembicycling.com">Tandem Bike News and Info</a> — an interactive community for tandem bike fanatics. Includes information on road tandems, mountain tandems, and tandem specific routes. US centric</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davincitandems.com">daVinci Designs</a> - Tandem manufacturer offering independent coasting system</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totally-bikes.com">Totally-Bikes.com</a> - Tandem renting in the UK</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikeforums.net/forumdisplay.php/44-Tandem-Cycling">Bikeforums.net Tandem-Cycling</a> - Discussions on tandems (buying, trips, servicing, all other aspects)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandemmag.com">TandemMag.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105152008/http://www.tandemmag.com/">Archived</a> 2018-01-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Great site to start with on tandems, though many sections were not updated recently. The Classifieds section is alive.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandemclub.nl">Tandemclub.nl</a> - Tandem club in The Netherlands</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tandems.free.fr">Tandem Maniac</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312052157/http://tandems.free.fr/">Archived</a> 2016-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - French tandem club</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tandemvtt.com">Tandem VTT</a> - French tandem club for mountainbikes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetandemlink.com/LearningCenter.html">TheTandemLink Learning Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150823030328/http://www.thetandemlink.com/LearningCenter.html">Archived</a> 2015-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Collection of links for starters</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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style="width:1%">Health, safety and<br /> infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_mobility" title="Active mobility">Active mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_law" title="Bicycle law">Bicycle law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking" title="Bicycle parking">Bicycle parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_poverty_reduction" title="Bicycle poverty reduction">Bicycle poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">Bicycle rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety" title="Bicycle safety">Bicycle safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation planning and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rage" title="Bike rage">Bike rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_registry" title="Bike registry">Bike registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike-to-Work Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Week_(cycling)" title="Bike Week (cycling)">Bike Week (Bicycle Week)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_advocacy" title="Cycling advocacy">Cycling advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_signals" title="Hand signals">Hand signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_stop" title="Idaho stop">Idaho stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_splitting" title="Lane splitting">Lane splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegelijk_groen" title="Tegelijk groen">Tegelijk groen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_collecting" title="Bicycle collecting">Bicycle collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_kit" title="Cycling kit">Cycling kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentacycle" title="Pentacycle">Pentacycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_types" title="List of bicycle types">List of bicycle types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_brands_and_manufacturing_companies" title="List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies">List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMX_bicycle_manufacturers" title="List of BMX bicycle manufacturers">List of BMX bicycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyclists" title="List of cyclists">List of cyclists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_bicycles_and_cycling" title="List of films about bicycles and cycling">List of films about bicycles and cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doping_cases_in_cycling" title="List of doping cases in cycling">List of doping cases in cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cycling" title="Category:Cycling">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human-powered_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template talk:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human-powered_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_transport" title="Human-powered transport">Human-powered transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_land_vehicle" title="Human-powered land vehicle">Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedal power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/29er_(bicycle)" title="29er (bicycle)">29er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">Bicycle trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX_bike" title="BMX bike">BMX bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boneshaker (bicycle)">Boneshaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="City bicycle">City bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_bicycle" title="Cruiser bicycle">Cruiser bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross_bicycle" title="Cyclo-cross bicycle">Cyclo-cross bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_bike" title="Downhill bike">Downhill bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enduro_(mountain_biking)" title="Enduro (mountain biking)">Enduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_bar_road_bike" title="Flat bar road bike">Flat bar road bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">Folding bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle" title="Hybrid bicycle">Hybrid bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">Mountain bike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27.5_Mountain_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="27.5 Mountain bike">27.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_track_(mountain_biking)" title="Single track (mountain biking)">Singletrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bike" title="Party bike">Party bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny-farthing" title="Penny-farthing">Penny-farthing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteur_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Porteur bicycle">Porteur bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prone_bicycle" title="Prone bicycle">Prone bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">Recumbent bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle" title="Road bicycle">Road bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)" title="Roadster (bicycle)">Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">Safety bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociable" title="Sociable">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-wheel_bicycle" title="Small-wheel bicycle">Small-wheel bicycle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">Touring bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_bicycle" title="Track bicycle">Track bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_bike" title="Trailer bike">Trailer bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocar" title="Velocar">Velocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocipede" title="Velocipede">Velocipede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velomobile" title="Velomobile">Velomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelie_bike" title="Wheelie bike">Wheelie bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_cycle" title="Ice cycle">ice cycle</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motor</a> assist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedelec" title="Pedelec">Pedelec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">Motorized scooter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treadle power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treadle_bicycle" title="Treadle bicycle">Treadle bicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">Dandy horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">Kick scooter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kickbike" title="Kickbike">Kickbike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kicksled" title="Kicksled">Kicksled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakeboard" title="Brakeboard">Brakeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeboard_(skateboard)" title="Freeboard (skateboard)">Freeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeskates" title="Freeskates">Freeskates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longboard_(skateboard)" title="Longboard (skateboard)">Longboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">Skateboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handcar" title="Handcar">Handcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcycle" title="Handcycle">Handcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobcart" title="Hobcart">Hobcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invalid_carriage" title="Invalid carriage">Invalid carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Row action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_cycle" title="Rowing cycle">Rowing cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pushed/pulled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_transport" title="Baby transport">Baby transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_cart" title="Baggage cart">Baggage cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_chair" title="Bath chair">Bath chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">Cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbed_trolley" title="Flatbed trolley">Flatbed trolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_truck" title="Hand truck">Hand truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_cart" title="Shopping cart">Shopping cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_caddy" title="Shopping caddy">Shopping caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairclimber" title="Stairclimber">Stairclimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretcher" title="Stretcher">Stretcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_wagon" title="Toy wagon">Toy wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelbarrow" title="Wheelbarrow">Wheelbarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">Sled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carried</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">Litter/sedan chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoop_stretcher" title="Scoop stretcher">Scoop stretcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weight shifting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trikke" title="Trikke">Trikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogo_stick" title="Pogo stick">Pogo stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caster_board" title="Caster board">Caster board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakeboard" title="Snakeboard">Snakeboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gravity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_racer" title="Gravity racer">Gravity racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_cart" title="Billy cart">Billy cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboard" title="Snowboard">Snowboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toboggan" title="Toboggan">Toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_toboggan" title="Summer toboggan">Summer toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_biking" title="Gravity biking">Gravity biking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_watercraft" title="Human-powered watercraft">Water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">Kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">Paddleboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (fixed seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(boat)" title="Punt (boat)">Punt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand and foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (sliding seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (sliding rigger)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocycle" title="Hydrocycle">Hydrocycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_hydrofoil" title="Human-powered hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedalo" title="Pedalo">Pedalo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amphibious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_cycle" title="Amphibious cycle">Amphibious cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_aircraft" title="Human-powered aircraft">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human-powered_aircraft" title="List of human-powered aircraft">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_helicopter" title="Human-powered helicopter">Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">Ornithopter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-vehicular transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">Inline skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">Roller skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snow and ice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">Ski</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_touring_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine touring binding">Alpine touring skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">Cross-country skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemark_skiing" title="Telemark skiing">Telemark skis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-powered_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal-powered transport">Animal-powered transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-_and_human-powered_vehicle_museums" title="List of bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums">Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_power" title="Human power">Human power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-emissions_vehicle" title="Zero-emissions vehicle">Zero-emissions vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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