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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="لويد بلانكفين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويد بلانكفين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_C._Blankfein" title="Lloyd C. Blankfein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lloyd C. Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لوید بلنکفین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوید بلنکفین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A4_%D4%B2%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Լլոյդ Բլանկֆեյն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լլոյդ Բլանկֆեյն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="לויד בלנקפיין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לויד בלנקפיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="لويد بلانكفين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويد بلانكفين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Бланкфейн, Ллойд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бланкфейн, Ллойд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lloyd Blankfein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American investment banker (born 1954)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Lloyd Blankfein</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lloyd_C._Blankfein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lloyd_C._Blankfein.jpg/220px-Lloyd_C._Blankfein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lloyd_C._Blankfein.jpg/330px-Lloyd_C._Blankfein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lloyd_C._Blankfein.jpg/440px-Lloyd_C._Blankfein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="961" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Lloyd Craig Blankfein</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1954-09-20</span>) </span>September 20, 1954<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 70)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Senior Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1982–2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Laura Jacobs</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1983)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lloyd Craig Blankfein</b> (born September 20, 1954) is an American <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">investment banker</a> who has served as senior chairman of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> since 2019, and chairman and <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> (CEO) from 2006 until the end of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before leading Goldman Sachs as CEO, he was the company's president and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Operating_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Operating Officer">chief operating officer</a> (COO) from 2004 to 2006, serving under then-CEO <a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a>. </p><p>Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, Blankfein attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> for his undergraduate and law school studies before briefly entering private law practice. In 1982, he became a <a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metals</a> salesman at J. Aron & Co., a small <a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">commodities trading</a> firm which was acquired by Goldman in 1981. After leading Goldman's currency and commodities divisions from 1994 to 1997 he was named <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a>. He served as the president and chief operating officer from 2004 to his ascension to chief executive. Almost immediately after Blankfein assumed the head of the company, the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–08</a> hit the banking industry. His role in handling the crisis was widely praised and criticized by media outlets, making him a <a href="/wiki/Public_figure" title="Public figure">public figure</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve</a> implemented <a href="/wiki/Monetary_hawk_and_dove" title="Monetary hawk and dove">dovish monetary policies</a> and the U.S. Treasury bailed out the company, Blankfein took advantage of low interest rates to undercut competition from other investment banks and established Goldman Sachs as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_investment_banks" title="List of investment banks">second largest investment bank</a> in the U.S. as others either went <a href="/wiki/Government_intervention_during_the_subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Government intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis">bankrupt or fell to acquisition</a>. Blankfein was twice named one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">most influential people in the world</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine and won the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_Person_of_the_Year" title="Financial Times Person of the Year"><i>Financial Times</i> Person of the Year</a> award in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Net_worth" title="Net worth">net worth</a> is estimated to be <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>1.1 billion as of July 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-bllnr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bllnr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His salary at Goldman Sachs in 2018 was estimated to be $24 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribalism_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribalism-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pay_cut_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pay_cut-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lloyd Craig Blankfein was born in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> borough of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> to a low-income, Jewish family on September 20, 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Seymour Blankfein, was a clerk with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Postal_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> branch in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and his mother was a receptionist.<sup id="cite_ref-ftgappermasterofrisk_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftgappermasterofrisk-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised in the Linden Houses, a <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">housing project</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received primary and secondary education in New York City's public schools graduating <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_High_School_(Brooklyn,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn, New York)">Thomas Jefferson High School</a> in 1971. He went on to attend <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> where he lived in <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_House" title="Winthrop House">Winthrop House</a> and graduated with an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">A.B.</a> in <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forbesprofile_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbesprofile-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating college, he attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> where he received a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">J.D.</a> degree in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-forbesprofile_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbesprofile-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blankfein first worked for the law firms <a href="/wiki/Proskauer_Rose" title="Proskauer Rose">Proskauer Rose</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Donovan,_Leisure,_Newton_%26_Irvine" title="Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Irvine">Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Irvine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">commodities trading</a> firm J. Aron & Co. as a <a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metals</a> salesman in its London office, after J. Aron was acquired by the investment bank, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohan_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goldman_Sachs">Goldman Sachs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Goldman Sachs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HenryKissinger-WorldEconomicForum-Davos-20080124.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/HenryKissinger-WorldEconomicForum-Davos-20080124.jpg/220px-HenryKissinger-WorldEconomicForum-Davos-20080124.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/HenryKissinger-WorldEconomicForum-Davos-20080124.jpg/330px-HenryKissinger-WorldEconomicForum-Davos-20080124.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/HenryKissinger-WorldEconomicForum-Davos-20080124.jpg/440px-HenryKissinger-WorldEconomicForum-Davos-20080124.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2644" /></a><figcaption>Blankfein and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> at the Annual Meeting of the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, January 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Blankfein joined J. Aron & Co. in 1982, after it had been acquired by Goldman Sachs in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohan_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When then chairman <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Friedman_(PFIAB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Friedman (PFIAB)">Stephen Friedman</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appointed <a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a> as his successor, Blankfein was soon tasked with managing or co-managing the company's currency and commodities divisions from 1994 to 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-company_bio_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-company_bio-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Paulson consolidated control of Goldman, he identified Blankfein as his <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a>, despite Blankfein ranking third in the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">corporate hierarchy</a> behind two co-presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-Where_Blankfein_came_from_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Where_Blankfein_came_from-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, Blankfein was promoted to president and <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">chief operating officer</a>, a position he served in until June 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Where_Blankfein_came_from_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Where_Blankfein_came_from-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As president, he oversaw the <a href="/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom" title="2000s commodities boom">2000s commodities boom</a> and positioned Goldman to take advantage of rising commodity prices.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg.com_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 30, 2006, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> nominated Paulson to serve as the 74th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> which prompted Paulson to establish a succession plan. Shortly after Paulson was sworn in, Blankfein was asked to serve as chairman and chief executive officer in July 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg.com_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007–08_financial_crisis"><span id="2007.E2.80.9308_financial_crisis"></span>2007–08 financial crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2007–08 financial crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:246px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>To begin with an obvious point, much of (<a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">2007–08</a>) has been deeply humbling for my industry. We held ourselves up as the experts, and the loss of public confidence from failing to live up to the expectations that we created will take years to rebuild. Worse, decisions on compensation and other actions taken and not taken, particularly at banks that rapidly lost a lot of shareholder value, look self-serving and greedy in hindsight. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Blankfein (in 2009) on the loss of confidence in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">2007–08 financial crisis</a>, many financial institutions that had dealings in <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgages</a> received a high level of public attention. Goldman Sachs served as a <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market maker</a> that dealt with <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial products</a> that held subprime mortgages. During late 2008, the crisis led the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve</a> to lower <a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">interest rates</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a> to increase public spending in private banks.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, he was named <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_Person_of_the_Year" title="Financial Times Person of the Year">Financial Times Person of the Year</a>. His citation noted that "his bank stuck to its strengths, unashamedly [took] advantage of the low interest rates and diminished competition resulting from the crisis to make big trading profits."<sup id="cite_ref-ftgappermasterofrisk_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftgappermasterofrisk-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 13, 2010, Blankfein voluntarily testified before the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Crisis_Inquiry_Commission" title="Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission">Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission</a> that he considered Goldman Sachs's role as primarily <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market maker</a>, not a creator of the product (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage" class="mw-redirect" title="Subprime mortgage">subprime mortgage</a>–related securities).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blankfein testified once more before Congress in April 2010 at a hearing of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Homeland_Security_Permanent_Subcommittee_on_Investigations" title="United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations">Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations</a>. He said that Goldman Sachs had no moral or legal obligation to inform their clients they were betting against the products they were selling to them because it was not acting in a <a href="/wiki/Fiduciary" title="Fiduciary">fiduciary</a> role.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator <a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Carl Levin</a> accused Blankfein of misleading Congress; however, no perjury charges were brought against Blankfein.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, as a precaution Blankfein hired Reid Weingarten, a high-profile defense lawyer who represented former <a href="/wiki/WorldCom" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCom">WorldCom</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Ebbers" title="Bernard Ebbers">Bernard Ebbers</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a> accounting officer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Causey" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Causey">Richard Causey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two months later, after the publicity of the testimony increased his public status, he was listed as #43 on <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Magazine%27s_List_of_The_World%27s_Most_Powerful_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People"><i>Forbes</i> Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People</a> in November 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 14, 2012, Greg Smith, a former Goldman executive, wrote a widely circulated <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> titled "Why I Am Leaving Goldman Sachs", in which he heavily criticized the firm's top leadership and Blankfein in particular for sidelining the interests of the client.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTSmith20120314_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTSmith20120314-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith claimed that employees were promoted for unloading less profitable products on clients, for trading products that maximized Goldman Sachs' profits, not their clients, and trading illiquid, opaque products. Smith's op-ed was criticized by many, particularly because he worked at Goldman for 12 years before deciding to quit because of moral objections.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTSmith20120314_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTSmith20120314-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lionel_Barber,_Raghuram_Rajan_and_Lloyd_Blankfein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lionel_Barber%2C_Raghuram_Rajan_and_Lloyd_Blankfein.jpg/220px-Lionel_Barber%2C_Raghuram_Rajan_and_Lloyd_Blankfein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lionel_Barber%2C_Raghuram_Rajan_and_Lloyd_Blankfein.jpg/330px-Lionel_Barber%2C_Raghuram_Rajan_and_Lloyd_Blankfein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lionel_Barber%2C_Raghuram_Rajan_and_Lloyd_Blankfein.jpg/440px-Lionel_Barber%2C_Raghuram_Rajan_and_Lloyd_Blankfein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3727" data-file-height="2825" /></a><figcaption>Blankfein, with <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barber" title="Lionel Barber">Lionel Barber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raghuram_Rajan" title="Raghuram Rajan">Raghuram Rajan</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_and_McKinsey_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award">FT and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award</a> ceremony in 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 2018, to counter low <a href="/wiki/Sales_and_trading" title="Sales and trading">sales and trading</a> profits, Blankfein instituted new hiring priorities. He instructed human resource managers at the firm to focus on employment candidates who were "strategists" or "strats," i.e., highly quantitative and technologically proficient.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 15, 2018, Blankfein issued an internal memo advocating for complete <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender parity</a> among its workforce. He stated: "At Goldman Sachs we pay women and men in similar roles with similar performance equally. However, the real issue for our firm and many corporations is the under-representation of women and diverse professionals both in magnitude and levels of seniority. We have made some progress, but we have significant work to do, and we, as leaders of our firm, are committed to doing this critical work."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compensation">Compensation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compensation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blankfein's compensation at Goldman Sachs has been at the center of controversy and interest to financial reporters and the general public. He was paid a <a href="/wiki/Salary" title="Salary">base salary</a> of $600,000 with a <a href="/wiki/Compensation_and_benefits" title="Compensation and benefits">total compensation package</a> of $54.4 million in 2006 as the highest-paid executive on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His bonus reflected the performance of Goldman Sachs, which reported record <a href="/wiki/Net_earnings" class="mw-redirect" title="Net earnings">net earnings</a> of $9.5 billion. The compensation included a cash bonus of $27.3 million, with the rest paid in stock and <a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">options</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, he received total compensation of $53.9 million, which included a base salary of $600,000, a cash bonus of $26.9 million, stocks granted of $15.5 million and options granted of $10.4 million.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 7, 2009, he recommended guidelines to overhaul <a href="/wiki/Executive_compensation_in_the_United_States" title="Executive compensation in the United States">executive compensation</a>. According to <i>The New York Times</i>, he said that lessons from the global financial crisis included the need to "apply basic standards to how we compensate people in our industry".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received US$23 million in salary and bonuses in 2015, which was slightly down from the US$24 million he earned in 2014 from Goldman Sachs.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>, Blankfein earned an estimated $22.3 million in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Pay_cut_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pay_cut-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession">Succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 9, 2018, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> reported that Blankfein would step down from leading Goldman Sachs by the end of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that day, Blankfein tweeted "It's the @WSJ's announcement...not mine. I feel like <a href="/wiki/Huckleberry_Finn" title="Huckleberry Finn">Huck Finn</a> listening to his own eulogy."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 12, Goldman announced that <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Schwartz" title="Harvey Schwartz">Harvey Schwartz</a>, the company's co-chief operating officer and president would be resigning, leaving <a href="/wiki/David_M._Solomon" title="David M. Solomon">David Solomon</a> as the second-in-command.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg.com_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hours after the announcement, media outlets–both domestic and international–informally designated Solomon as Blankfein's <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced in July 2018 that Solomon would become CEO on October 1, 2018 and chairman by the end of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blankfein has self-identified as "a registered <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republican" title="Rockefeller Republican">Rockefeller Republican</a> ... conservative on fiscal issues and more <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">liberal on social issues</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blankfein donated $4,600 to Democratic Party candidate <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in 2007, and to the Senate re-election campaigns for the Republicans <a href="/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">Roy Blunt</a> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 18, 2012 after meeting with <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s chief of staff, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a>, he was asked whether he had any aspiration to go into government like predecessors <a href="/wiki/Hank_Paulson" class="mw-redirect" title="Hank Paulson">Hank Paulson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Robert Rubin</a>. "I have aspirations to be desired," he replied.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>, presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> named Blankfein as an example of <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">corporate greed</a> in January 2016. Blankfein responded that Sanders' campaign had "the potential to be a dangerous moment."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blankfein endorsed Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, citing her willingness to be <a href="/wiki/Bipartisanship" title="Bipartisanship">bipartisan</a>, in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Gay_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay marriage">gay marriage</a> and has been a spokesman for the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a>, an advocacy group for <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBTQ</a> civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, Blankfein argued that revoking Disney's special status, enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Reedy_Creek_Improvement_Act" title="Reedy Creek Improvement Act">Reedy Creek Improvement Act</a>, due to the company objecting to Governor <a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a>' view on <a href="/wiki/Florida_House_Bill_1557" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida House Bill 1557">Florida House Bill 1557</a> represents a form of government retaliation for "exercising free speech." He also said it is a "bad look for a conservative."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_libor_rates">British libor rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: British libor rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of 2012, an international inquiry into the average of interest rates of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Libor" title="Libor">London Interbank Offered Rate</a> (Libor), found that there was systemic manipulation by various <a href="/wiki/Bulge_bracket" title="Bulge bracket">bulge bracket banks</a> for profit.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ensuing <a href="/wiki/Libor_scandal" title="Libor scandal">July 2012 Libor scandal</a> prompted Blankfein to note that the general distrust of the financial world was worsened: "There was this huge hole to dig out of in terms of getting trust back and now it's just that much deeper."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 1, 2017, Blankfein posted his first ever tweet, despite joining <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> in 2011. He condemned President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">withdrawal from the Paris Accord</a>, saying "Today's decision is a setback for the environment and for the U.S.'s leadership position in the world. #<a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">ParisAgreement</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coronavirus_pandemic">Coronavirus pandemic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coronavirus pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the coronavirus pandemic, Blankfein consistently and repeatedly called for loosening coronavirus response measures and reopening the economy. In March 2020, he said “extreme measures to flatten the virus ‘curve’” were sensible “for a time” but that they could crush the economy. He said, “Within a very few weeks let those with a lower risk to the disease return to work.”<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020, amid reopenings of the economy, Blankfein said that the U.S. would have to suffer through a spike in coronavirus cases because the U.S. could not provide additional coronavirus-related stimulus.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, he wrote, "Is the public health benefit from broad lockdowns at this point worth such extreme damage to livelihoods?"<sup id="cite_ref-Coronavirus_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coronavirus-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CBS News described Blankfein as "a leading spokesperson" for the "reopen the economy" movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Coronavirus_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coronavirus-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wealth_tax">Wealth tax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wealth tax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blankfein opposes a wealth tax on billionaires.<sup id="cite_ref-Coronavirus_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coronavirus-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, while criticizing Elizabeth Warren's wealth tax, he alluded to her claimed Native American heritage, saying "Maybe tribalism is just in her DNA." Under her wealth tax proposal, Blankfein would have owed more than $30 million per year in taxes on his estimated $1.1 billion wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribalism_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribalism-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blankfein who earned $24 million from Goldman Sachs in 2018 criticized the notion that CEOs are overpaid. In 2019, he said he felt a "lack of appreciation" in society for Wall Streeters.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribalism_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribalism-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blankfein's total compensation from 2000 to 2009 was estimated to be around $240 million. During this time period he personally donated $11 million (4.58% of his total compensation) to charitable organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His joint <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit)" title="Foundation (nonprofit)">charity foundation</a>, the Lloyd and Laura Blankfein Foundation, donated $620,000 to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, $500,000 to the <a href="/wiki/Ethical_Culture_Fieldston_School" title="Ethical Culture Fieldston School">Ethical Culture Fieldston School</a>, $50,000 to <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a>, $46,500 to the <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood_Foundation" title="Robin Hood Foundation">Robin Hood Foundation</a>, and $10,000 to <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He serves on the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_New_York_City" title="Partnership for New York City">Partnership for New York City</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-partnershipboard_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partnershipboard-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the board of overseers of the <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Weill Cornell Medical College">Weill Cornell Medical College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-weillboard_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weillboard-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-insidehigheredrivard_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insidehigheredrivard-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blankfein is married to Laura Jacobs, an attorney and the daughter of Norman S. Jacobs, the editor-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_Association" title="Foreign Policy Association">Foreign Policy Association</a> publications.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimeslaurajacobsengagedtoloyd_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimeslaurajacobsengagedtoloyd-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple have two sons, Alexander and Jonathan, and a daughter, Rachel.<sup id="cite_ref-businessinstagram_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinstagram-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 22, 2015, Blankfein was diagnosed with a form of <a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesceohaslymphoma_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesceohaslymphoma-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received multiple rounds of treatment of <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> and by October 2016 was in <a href="/wiki/Cure" title="Cure">remission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbcgoldmansblankfeinuseconomy_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbcgoldmansblankfeinuseconomy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fortunehowgoldmansachsceobeatcancer_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortunehowgoldmansachsceobeatcancer-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_employees_of_Goldman_Sachs" title="List of former employees of Goldman Sachs">List of employees of Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_people" title="List of Harvard University people">List of Harvard University people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Laura+Jacobs+Engaged+To+Lloyd+C.+Blankfein&rft.date=1983-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C01E2DB1038F936A25756C0A965948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd+Blankfein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-businessinstagram-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-businessinstagram_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julia La Roche, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/lloyd-blankfeins-kids-on-instagram-2012-7">Hey Look, Lloyd Blankfein's Kids Are On Instagram</a>, <i>Business Insider</i>, July 27, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimesceohaslymphoma-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimesceohaslymphoma_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Merced2015" class="citation news cs1">de la Merced, Michael J. (September 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/business/dealbook/goldman-ceo-lloyd-blankfein-has-lymphoma.html">"Lloyd Blankfein, Goldman Sachs C.E.O., Has Lymphoma"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lloyd+Blankfein%2C+Goldman+Sachs+C.E.O.%2C+Has+Lymphoma&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=de+la+Merced&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fdealbook%2Fgoldman-ceo-lloyd-blankfein-has-lymphoma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd+Blankfein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbcgoldmansblankfeinuseconomy-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnbcgoldmansblankfeinuseconomy_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelvedere2016" class="citation news cs1">Belvedere, Matthew J. 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He said he's feeling "pretty good" after undergoing "like 600 hours of chemo" over the last few months.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Goldman%27s+Blankfein%3A+US+economy+not+off+rails&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft.aulast=Belvedere&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2016%2F02%2F03%2Fgoldmans-blankfein-feeling-great-after-600-hours-of-chemo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd+Blankfein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortunehowgoldmansachsceobeatcancer-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fortunehowgoldmansachsceobeatcancer_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/video/2016/10/18/goldman-sachs-ceo-beat-cancer/">"How Goldman Sachs' CEO Beat Cancer"</a>. <i>Fortune</i>. October 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=How+Goldman+Sachs%27+CEO+Beat+Cancer&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Fvideo%2F2016%2F10%2F18%2Fgoldman-sachs-ceo-beat-cancer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd+Blankfein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Blankfein&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618173120/http://www.goldmansachs.com/who-we-are/leadership/executive-officers/01-lloyd-c-blankfein.html">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1890111">Profile</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> at <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1023247">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/6895">Lloyd Blankfein</a> on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)"><i>Charlie Rose</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/lloyd-blankfein">Lloyd Blankfein</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359151#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/topics/detail/308/lloyd-blankfein/">Lloyd Blankfein</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120714202132/http://www.ibtimes.com/topics/detail/308/lloyd-blankfein/">Archived</a> July 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/lloyd_c_blankfein/index.html">Lloyd Blankfein</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/10/business/yourmoney/10lloyd.html?_r=1&oref=slogin">Goldman Runs Risks, Reaps Rewards</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, June 10, 2007</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006005224/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_04/b3867103_mz056.htm">The Man Goldman Is Banking On</a> 2004 profile from <i>BusinessWeek</i> magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/FY17%20Membership%20Roster.pdf">Membership</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Senior Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> </b><br />2019–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> </b><br />2006–2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Solomon" title="David M. Solomon">David M. Solomon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> CEO of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> </b><br />2006–2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Solomon" title="David M. Solomon">David M. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Goldman" title="Marcus Goldman">Marcus Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sachs" title="Samuel Sachs">Samuel Sachs</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldman_Sachs_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Goldman_Sachs_logo.svg/120px-Goldman_Sachs_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Goldman_Sachs_logo.svg/180px-Goldman_Sachs_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Goldman_Sachs_logo.svg/240px-Goldman_Sachs_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lloyd C. Blankfein</a> (Senior Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Solomon" title="David M. Solomon">David M. Solomon</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Viniar" title="David Viniar">David A. Viniar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cohn_(investment_banker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Cohn (investment banker)">Gary Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Schwartz" title="Harvey Schwartz">Harvey Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Carney" title="Mark Carney">Mark Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Robert Rubin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_Capital_Partners" title="Goldman Sachs Capital Partners">Goldman Sachs Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petershill_Partners" title="Petershill Partners">Petershill Partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodities_Corporation" title="Commodities Corporation">Commodities Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_Personal_Financial_Management" title="Goldman Sachs Personal Financial Management">United Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NN_Investment_Partners" title="NN Investment Partners">NN Investment Partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/200_West_Street" title="200 West Street">200 West Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_Hudson_Street" title="30 Hudson Street">30 Hudson Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10,000_Small_Businesses" title="10,000 Small Businesses">10,000 Small Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10,000_Women" title="10,000 Women">10,000 Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_asset_management_factor_model" title="Goldman Sachs asset management factor model">Goldman Sachs asset management factor model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_controversies" title="Goldman Sachs controversies">Goldman Sachs controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_Foundation" title="Goldman Sachs Foundation">Goldman Sachs Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenSky" title="GreenSky">GreenSky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_employees_of_Goldman_Sachs" title="List of former employees of Goldman Sachs">List of former employees of Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Communication" title="Symphony Communication">Symphony Communication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359151#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359151#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359151#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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