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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87" title="فريشته – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريشته" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95)" title="ফিরিশতা (ঐতিহাসিক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিরিশতা (ঐতিহাসিক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Firishta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87" title="محمدقاسم فرشته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمدقاسم فرشته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Qacim_Ferichta" title="Mohammed Qacim Ferichta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mohammed Qacim Ferichta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़िरिश्ता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़िरिश्ता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4" title="ಫರಿಶ್ತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫರಿಶ್ತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4" title="ഫരിഷ്ത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫരിഷ്ത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="محمد كاسيم فيريتشتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد كاسيم فيريتشتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF" title="フィリシュタ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリシュタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ ਕਾਸਿਮ ਫ਼ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ ਕਾਸਿਮ ਫ਼ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%81" title="محمد قاسم فرشتہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد قاسم فرشتہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Феришта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Феришта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE" title="பெரிஷ்தா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரிஷ்தா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Муҳаммадқосими Фаришта – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаммадқосими Фаришта" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%81" title="محمد قاسم فرشتہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد قاسم فرشتہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Persian court historian</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Firishta%22">"Firishta"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Firishta%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Firishta%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Firishta%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Firishta%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Firishta%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Firishta</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi</div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1570</span><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Astarabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Astarabad">Astarabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1611–1623</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Historian, poet, novelist</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data">Medieval Islamic period</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interests</th><td class="infobox-data">Indo-Muslim history, Deccan history</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Tārīkh-i Firishta</i> (<i>Gulshan-i Ibrāhīmī</i>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Firishta</b> or <b>Ferešte</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">فرشته</span>), full name <b>Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi</b><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">محمدقاسم هندوشاہ استرابادی</span>), was a <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> historian, who later settled in India and served the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan Sultans</a> as their court historian. He was born in 1570<sup id="cite_ref-Government_of_Maharashtra-Ferishta_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government_of_Maharashtra-Ferishta-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and died between 1611<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1623.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firishta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Firishta was born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1570</span> at <a href="/wiki/Astarabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Astarabad">Astarabad</a> on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> to Gholam Ali Hindu Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Firishta was still a child, his father was summoned away from his native country to <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a>, India, to teach <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> to the young prince Miran Husain Nizam Shah, with whom Firishta studied.<sup id="cite_ref-Eliot_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eliot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1587 Firishta was serving as the captain of guards of King <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Nizam_Shah_I" title="Murtaza Nizam Shah I">Murtaza Nizam Shah I</a> when Prince Miran overthrew his father and claimed the throne of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Ahmednagar</a>. At this time, the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Deccani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccani people">Deccani Muslims</a> committed a general massacre of the foreign population, especially Shias of Iranian origin,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which Firishta was one of. However, Prince Miran spared the life of his former friend, who then left for <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi dynasty">Bijapur</a> to enter the service of King <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Adil_Shah_II" title="Ibrahim Adil Shah II">Ibrahim Adil II</a> in 1589.<sup id="cite_ref-Eliot_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eliot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having been in military positions until then, Firishta was not immediately successful in <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi dynasty">Bijapur</a>. Further exacerbating matters was the fact that Firishta was of Shia origin and therefore did not have much chance of attaining a high position in the dominantly Sunni courts of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan sultanates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eliot_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eliot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibrahim Adil Shah II of Bijapur had also begun following the policy of bringing Sunni Muslim Deccanis to power and ending Shia domination by dismissing them from their posts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1593 Ibrahim Shah II ultimately implored Firishta to write a history of India with equal emphasis on the history of Deccan dynasties as no work thus far had given equal treatment to all regions of the subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-Eliot_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eliot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_work">Overview of work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firishta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview of work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work was variously known as the <i>Tārīkh-i Firishta</i> (The History of Firishta) and the <i>Gulshan-i Ibrāhīmī</i> (The Rose-Garden of Ibrahim [Shah II]). In the introduction, a resume of the history of Hindustan prior to the times of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Muslim conquest</a> is given, and also the victorious progress of <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> through the East. The first ten books are each occupied with a history of the kings of one of the provinces; the eleventh book gives an account of the Muslims of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a>; the twelfth a history of the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints">saints</a> of India; and the conclusion treats of the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">climate of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Tārīkh-i Firishta</i> consists primarily of the following chapter's (<i>maqāla</i>), with some, like "The Kings of Dakhin" having subchapters (<i>rawza</i>):<sup id="cite_ref-Eliot_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eliot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Kings of Ghazni and Lahore</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Kings of Dehli</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Kings of Dakhin</a> – divided into 6 chapters: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Gulbarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bijapur" title="Sultanate of Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Ahmadnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Golconda" title="Sultanate of Golconda">Tilanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar_sultanate" title="Berar sultanate">Birar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_Sultanate" title="Bidar Sultanate">Bidar</a></li></ol></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Kings of Gujarat</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Malwa_Sultanate" title="Malwa Sultanate">Kings of Malwa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farooqui_dynasty" title="Farooqui dynasty">Kings of Khandesh</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Kings of Bengal and Bihar</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Multan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Multan">Kings of Multan</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sindh#Medieval_era" title="History of Sindh">Rulers of Sind</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Sultanate" title="Kashmir Sultanate">Kings of Kashmir</a></li> <li>An account of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li> <li>An account of <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Saints</a> of India</li> <li>Conclusion – an account of the climate and geography of India (<i>khātima</i>)</li></ol> <p>Contemporary scholars and historians variously write that the works of Firishta drew from <i>Tabaqāt-i-Akbarī</i> by Nizamuddin,<sup id="cite_ref-Hasan_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tarīkh-i-Rāshidī</i> by Mirza Haidar<sup id="cite_ref-Hasan_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2016)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and Barani's <i>Tārīkh</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shail_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shail-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2016)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At least one historian, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson_(historian)" title="Peter Jackson (historian)">Peter Jackson</a>, explicitly states that Firishta relied upon the works of Barani and Sarhindi, and that his work cannot be relied upon as a first hand account of events, and that at places in the <i>Tarīkh</i> he is suspected of having relied upon legends and his own imagination.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2016)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firishta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to T. N. Devare, Firishta's account is the most widely quoted history of the <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi">Adil Shahi</a>, but it is the only source for asserting the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> origin of <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Adil_Shah" title="Yusuf Adil Shah">Yusuf Adil Shah</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi">Adil Shahi</a> dynasty. Devare believes that to be a fabricated story. Other sources for Deccani history mentioned by Devare are those of Mir Rafiuddin Ibrahim-i Shirazi, or "Rafi'", Mir Ibrahim Lari-e Asadkhani, and Ibrahim Zubayri, the author of the Basatin as-Salatin (67, fn 2). Devare observed that the work is "a general history of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> from the earliest period up to Firishta's time written at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Adil_Shah_II" title="Ibrahim Adil Shah II">Ibrahim Adil Shah II</a> and presented to him in 1015 AH/1606 CE. It seems, however, that it was supplemented by the author himself as it records events up to AH 1033 (1626 CE)" (Devare 272).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On the other hand, <i>Tārīkh-i Firishta</i> is said to be independent and reliable on the topic of north Indian politics of the period, ostensibly that of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> where Firishta's accounts are held credible because of his affiliation with the south Indian kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi">Bijapur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sukumar_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sukumar-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his fabricated story of Yusuf's <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> origin, Firishta's account continues to be a very popular story and has found wide acceptance in <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a> today. </p><p>In 1768, when the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> officer and Orientalist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dow" title="Alexander Dow">Alexander Dow</a> translated Firishta's text into English language, it came to be seen as an authoritative source of historical information by the English.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Firishta's work still maintains a high place and is considered reliable in many respects. Several portions of it have been translated into English; but the best as well as the most complete translation is that published by General <a href="/wiki/John_Briggs_(East_India_Company_officer)" title="John Briggs (East India Company officer)">J. Briggs</a> under the title of <i>The History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India</i> (London, 1829, 4 vols. 8vo). Several additions were made by Briggs to the original work of Firishta, but he omitted the whole of the twelfth book, and various other passages which had been omitted in the copy from which he translated.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firishta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFirishta1794" class="citation book cs1">Firishta, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi (1794). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ferishtashistory01firi"><i>Ferishta's History of Dekkan..(Vol. 1)</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Scott_(orientalist)" title="Jonathan Scott (orientalist)">Jonathan Scott</a>. John Stocksdale, London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferishta%27s+History+of+Dekkan..%28Vol.+1%29&rft.pub=John+Stocksdale%2C+London&rft.date=1794&rft.aulast=Firishta&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Qasim+Hindu+Shah+Astarabadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fferishtashistory01firi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirishta1794" class="citation book cs1">Firishta, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi (1794). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ferishtashistory02firi#page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Ferishta's History of Dekkan..(Vol. 2)</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Scott_(orientalist)" title="Jonathan Scott (orientalist)">Jonathan Scott</a>. John Stocksdale, London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferishta%27s+History+of+Dekkan..%28Vol.+2%29&rft.pub=John+Stocksdale%2C+London&rft.date=1794&rft.aulast=Firishta&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Qasim+Hindu+Shah+Astarabadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fferishtashistory02firi%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firishta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_historians" title="List of Muslim historians">List of Muslim historians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firishta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Transliterated as <i>Moḥammad-Qāsem Hendušāh Astarābādī</i> according to the <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i> scheme (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firishta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHambly1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hambly, Gavin R. G. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ferestatarik-">"Ferešta, Tārīḵ-e"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IX/5: Fauna III–Festivals VIII</i>. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 533–534. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-933273-33-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-933273-33-7"><bdi>978-0-933273-33-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fere%C5%A1ta%2C+T%C4%81r%C4%AB%E1%B8%B5-e&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica%2C+Volume+IX%2F5%3A+Fauna+III%E2%80%93Festivals+VIII&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=533-534&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-933273-33-7&rft.aulast=Hambly&rft.aufirst=Gavin+R.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fferestatarik-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinorsky1955" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Minorsky" title="Vladimir Minorsky">Minorsky, V.</a> (1955). "The Qara-qoyunlu and the Qutb-shāhs (Turkmenica, 10)". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00106342">10.1017/S0041977X00106342</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/609169">609169</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162273460">162273460</a>. <q>Another tendency of Firishta (a Persian of Astarabad) is to underline (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Qara-qoyunlu+and+the+Qutb-sh%C4%81hs+%28Turkmenica%2C+10%29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162273460%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F609169%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00106342&rft.aulast=Minorsky&rft.aufirst=V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Government_of_Maharashtra-Ferishta-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Government_of_Maharashtra-Ferishta_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528004554/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/WARDHA/his_mediaeval%20period.html">"Medieval Period"</a>. Government of Maharashtra. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/WARDHA/his_mediaeval%20period.html#nirmal">the original</a> on May 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medieval+Period&rft.pub=Government+of+Maharashtra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fenglish%2Fgazetteer%2FWARDHA%2Fhis_mediaeval%2520period.html%23nirmal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverton2016" class="citation journal cs1">Overton, Keelan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26551683">"Book Culture, Royal Libraries, and Persianate Painting in Bijapur, circa 1580‒1630"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Muqarnas" title="Muqarnas">Muqarnas</a></i>. <b>33</b>: 94. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26551683">26551683</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas&rft.atitle=Book+Culture%2C+Royal+Libraries%2C+and+Persianate+Painting+in+Bijapur%2C+circa+1580%E2%80%921630&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=94&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26551683%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Overton&rft.aufirst=Keelan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26551683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Eaton" title="Richard M. Eaton">Eaton, Richard M.</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ"><i>The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400868155" title="Special:BookSources/9781400868155"><bdi>9781400868155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sufis+of+Bijapur%2C+1300-1700&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9781400868155&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj2F9BgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eliot-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eliot_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eliot_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eliot_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eliot_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eliot_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliot2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Miers_Elliot" title="Henry Miers Elliot">Elliot, Henry Miers</a> (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kirq6aYFMhoC&q=firishta&pg=PA207"><i>The History of India, As Told by Its Own Historians</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/BiblioBazaar" title="BiblioBazaar">BiblioBazaar</a>. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780559693335" title="Special:BookSources/9780559693335"><bdi>9780559693335</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530172400/https://books.google.com/books?id=kirq6aYFMhoC&q=firishta&pg=PA207">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+India%2C+As+Told+by+Its+Own+Historians&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar&rft.date=2008-12&rft.isbn=9780559693335&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=Henry+Miers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkirq6aYFMhoC%26q%3Dfirishta%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmma_J._Flatt2019" class="citation book cs1">Emma J. Flatt (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ&dq=jamal+khan+deccani+massacre&pg=PA90"><i>The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48193-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48193-9"><bdi>978-1-108-48193-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Courts+of+the+Deccan+Sultanates&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-108-48193-9&rft.au=Emma+J.+Flatt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHDGdDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Djamal%2Bkhan%2Bdeccani%2Bmassacre%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuzaffar_Alam,_Sanjay_Subrahmanyam2012" class="citation book cs1">Muzaffar Alam, Sanjay Subrahmanyam (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mmLOKuzT-IC&dq=nizam+mulk+bahri+massacre&pg=PA184"><i>Writing the Mughal World</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15811-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15811-4"><bdi>978-0-231-15811-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+the+Mughal+World&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-231-15811-4&rft.au=Muzaffar+Alam%2C+Sanjay+Subrahmanyam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mmLOKuzT-IC%26dq%3Dnizam%2Bmulk%2Bbahri%2Bmassacre%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadhey_Shyam_Chaurasia2002" class="citation book cs1">Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (1 Jan 2002). <i>History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D</i>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126901234" title="Special:BookSources/9788126901234"><bdi>9788126901234</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+India%3A+From+1000+A.D.+to+1707+A.D.&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=9788126901234&rft.au=Radhey+Shyam+Chaurasia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShihan_de_S._JayasuriyaRichard_Pankhurst2003" class="citation book cs1">Shihan de S. Jayasuriya; Richard Pankhurst (2003). <i>The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean</i> (illustrated ed.). Africa World Press. pp. 196–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865439801" title="Special:BookSources/9780865439801"><bdi>9780865439801</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+African+Diaspora+in+the+Indian+Ocean&rft.pages=196-7&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780865439801&rft.au=Shihan+de+S.+Jayasuriya&rft.au=Richard+Pankhurst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ferishta,_Mahommed_Kasim" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ferishta, Mahommed Kasim">Ferishta, Mahommed Kasim</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 274.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ferishta%2C+Mahommed+Kasim&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=274&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasan-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hasan_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hasan_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasan2005" class="citation book cs1">Hasan, Mohibbul (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC"><i>Kashmir Under the Sultans</i></a>. Aakar Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788187879497" title="Special:BookSources/9788187879497"><bdi>9788187879497</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530172401/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir+Under+the+Sultans&rft.pub=Aakar+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9788187879497&rft.aulast=Hasan&rft.aufirst=Mohibbul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUlwmXjE9DQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shail-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shail_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayaram2004" class="citation book cs1">Mayaram, Shail (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zL-7m2MDp2EC"><i>Against History, Against State</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Orient_Blackswan" title="Orient Blackswan">Orient Blackswan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788178240961" title="Special:BookSources/9788178240961"><bdi>9788178240961</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Against+History%2C+Against+State&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788178240961&rft.aulast=Mayaram&rft.aufirst=Shail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzL-7m2MDp2EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson_(historian)" title="Peter Jackson (historian)">Jackson, Peter</a> (16 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC"><i>The Delhi Sultanate</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521543293" title="Special:BookSources/9780521543293"><bdi>9780521543293</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530172402/https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Delhi+Sultanate&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-10-16&rft.isbn=9780521543293&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlt2tqOpVRKgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukumar-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sukumar_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay1992" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Sukumar (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6pAtbAgnjzoC"><i>Bairam Khan</i></a>. Mirza Beg. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789698120016" title="Special:BookSources/9789698120016"><bdi>9789698120016</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bairam+Khan&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Mirza+Beg&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9789698120016&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Sukumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6pAtbAgnjzoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCynthia_Talbot2015" class="citation book cs1">Cynthia Talbot (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m3DjCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107118560" title="Special:BookSources/9781107118560"><bdi>9781107118560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Hindu+Emperor%3A+Prithviraj+Cauhan+and+the+Indian+Past%2C+1200%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781107118560&rft.au=Cynthia+Talbot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm3DjCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirishta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000374897781">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95224795">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/737/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqvVPyBMr967c4YJ6PRKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123018846">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50003087">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb106014921">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb106014921">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Firišta, Muhammad Qásim Hindú-Šáh Astarábádí"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20211113161&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p134543424">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462953805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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