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<span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hygienic_tissue_paper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hygienic_tissue_paper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hygienic tissue paper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hygienic_tissue_paper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facial_tissues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facial_tissues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Facial tissues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facial_tissues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paper_towels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paper_towels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Paper towels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paper_towels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wrapping_tissue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrapping_tissue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Wrapping tissue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrapping_tissue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toilet_paper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toilet_paper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Toilet paper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toilet_paper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_napkins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_napkins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Table napkins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_napkins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acoustic_disrupter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acoustic_disrupter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Acoustic disrupter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acoustic_disrupter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_repair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_repair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Road repair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_repair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Packing_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packing_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Packing industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Packing_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Origami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The industry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_industry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The industry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sustainability</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sustainability-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sustainability subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_of_eco-labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_eco-labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Types of eco-labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_eco-labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A" title="منديل ورقي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منديل ورقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papur_sidan" title="Papur sidan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Papur sidan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue-Papier" title="Tissue-Papier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tissue-Papier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel_tis%C3%BA" title="Papel tisú – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Papel tisú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%9Dpapero" title="Viŝpapero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viŝpapero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produit_tissue" title="Produit tissue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Produit tissue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EC%A7%80" title="휴지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisu" title="Tisu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tisu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95" title="נייר טישו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נייר טישו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisu" title="Tisu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tisu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC" title="ടിഷ്യു പേപ്പർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടിഷ്യു പേപ്പർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas_tisu" title="Kertas tisu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kertas tisu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8(%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0)" title="တစ်သျှူး(စက္ကူ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တစ်သျှူး(စက္ကူ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papieren_zakdoek" title="Papieren zakdoek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Papieren zakdoek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC" title="ティッシュペーパー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティッシュペーパー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykpapir" title="Mykpapir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mykpapir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B4%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="ٹشو پیپر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹشو پیپر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%C3%A7o_de_papel" title="Lenço de papel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lenço de papel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бумага санитарно-гигиенического назначения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бумага санитарно-гигиенического назначения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tissue paper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D8%B4%D9%88_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="ٽشو پيپر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽشو پيپر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisu" title="Tisu – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tisu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pehmopaperi" title="Pehmopaperi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pehmopaperi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjukpapper" title="Mjukpapper – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mjukpapper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamuymoy_(papel)" title="Lamuymoy (papel) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lamuymoy (papel)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மெல்லிழைக் காகிதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெல்லிழைக் காகிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9" title="ทิชชู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทิชชู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B4%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="ٹشو پیپر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹشو پیپر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8" title="טישו פאפיר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טישו פאפיר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selamp%C3%A9_kertas" title="Selampé kertas – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Selampé kertas" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1471060#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lightweight paper or, light crêpe paper</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taschentuch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taschentuch.JPG/220px-Taschentuch.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taschentuch.JPG/330px-Taschentuch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taschentuch.JPG/440px-Taschentuch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption>Tissue paper sheet</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tissue paper</b> or simply <b>tissue</b> is a lightweight <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> or light <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" title="Crêpe paper">crêpe paper</a>. Tissue can be made from recycled <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">paper pulp</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Paper_machine" title="Paper machine">paper machine</a>. </p><p>Tissue paper is very versatile, and different kinds of tissue are made to best serve these purposes, which are hygienic tissue paper, facial tissues, paper towels, as packing material, among other (sometimes creative) uses. </p><p>The use of tissue paper is common in <a href="/wiki/Developed_nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed nations">developed nations</a>, around 21 million tonnes in North America and 6 million in Europe, and is growing due to <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a>. As a result, the industry has often been scrutinized for <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>. However, more companies are presently using more recycled fibres in tissue paper. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The key properties of tissues are absorbency, basis <a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a>, thickness, bulk (specific volume), brightness, stretch, appearance and comfort. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fourdrinier_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourdrinier machine">Fourdrinier machine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissue_Paper_Production_Machine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tissue Converting and Production Machine in action" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tissue_Paper_Production_Machine.jpg/220px-Tissue_Paper_Production_Machine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tissue_Paper_Production_Machine.jpg/330px-Tissue_Paper_Production_Machine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tissue_Paper_Production_Machine.jpg/440px-Tissue_Paper_Production_Machine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Tissue Paper Converting Machines with Jumbo Rolls attached.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Tissue paper is produced on a <a href="/wiki/Fourdrinier_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourdrinier machine">paper machine</a> that has a single large steam heated drying cylinder (<a href="/wiki/Yankee_dryer" title="Yankee dryer">Yankee dryer</a>) fitted with a hot air hood. The raw material is <a href="/wiki/Paper_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper pulp">paper pulp</a>. The Yankee cylinder is sprayed with <a href="/wiki/Adhesives" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhesives">adhesives</a> to make the paper stick. Creping is done by the Yankee's <a href="/wiki/Doctor_blade" title="Doctor blade">doctor blade</a> that is scraping the dry paper off the cylinder surface. The crinkle (crêping) is controlled by the strength of the adhesive, geometry of the doctor blade, speed difference between the Yankee and final section of the paper machine and paper pulp characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest water absorbing applications are produced with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Through_air_drying&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Through air drying (page does not exist)">through air drying</a> (TAD) process. These papers contain high amounts of <a href="/wiki/NBSK" class="mw-redirect" title="NBSK">NBSK</a> and CTMP. This gives a bulky paper with high wet tensile strength and good water holding capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TAD process uses about twice the energy compared with conventional drying of paper. </p><p>The properties are controlled by <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">pulp</a> quality, <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" title="Crêpe paper">crêping</a> and additives (both in base paper and as coating). The <a href="/wiki/Wet_strength" title="Wet strength">wet strength</a> is often an important parameter for tissue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hygienic_tissue_paper">Hygienic tissue paper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hygienic tissue paper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toilet_Tissue_Paper_Roll_350_Sheet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Toilet_Tissue_Paper_Roll_350_Sheet.jpg/220px-Toilet_Tissue_Paper_Roll_350_Sheet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Toilet_Tissue_Paper_Roll_350_Sheet.jpg/330px-Toilet_Tissue_Paper_Roll_350_Sheet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Toilet_Tissue_Paper_Roll_350_Sheet.jpg/440px-Toilet_Tissue_Paper_Roll_350_Sheet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3960" /></a><figcaption>Tissue paper rolls used in toilets</figcaption></figure> <p>Hygienic tissue paper is commonly for personal use as facial tissue (paper handkerchiefs), <a href="/wiki/Napkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Napkins">napkins</a>, bathroom tissue and household towels. Paper has been used for hygiene purposes for centuries, but tissue paper as we know it today was not produced in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> before the mid-1940s. In <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> large scale industrial production started in the beginning of the 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facial_tissues">Facial tissues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Facial tissues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Facial_tissue" title="Facial tissue">Facial tissue</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Box_of_Scotties_tissues.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Box_of_Scotties_tissues.jpg/220px-Box_of_Scotties_tissues.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Box_of_Scotties_tissues.jpg/330px-Box_of_Scotties_tissues.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Box_of_Scotties_tissues.jpg/440px-Box_of_Scotties_tissues.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>A box of facial tissues</figcaption></figure> <p>Facial tissue (paper handkerchiefs) refers to a class of soft, absorbent, disposable paper that is suitable for use on the face. The term is commonly used to refer to the type of facial tissue, usually sold in boxes, that is designed to facilitate the expulsion of nasal mucus although it may refer to other types of facial tissues including napkins and wipes. </p><p>The first tissue handkerchiefs were introduced in the 1920s. They have been refined over the years, especially for softness and strength, but their basic design has remained constant. Today each person in Western Europe uses about 200 tissue handkerchiefs a year, with a variety of 'alternative' functions including the treatment of minor wounds, the cleaning of face and hands and the cleaning of spectacles.<sup id="cite_ref-ETS1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETS1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The importance of the paper tissue on minimising the spread of an infection has been highlighted in light of fears over a swine flu epidemic. In the UK, for example, the Government ran a campaign called "<a href="/wiki/Catch_it,_Bin_it,_Kill_it" class="mw-redirect" title="Catch it, Bin it, Kill it">Catch it, Bin it, Kill it</a>", which encouraged people to cover their mouth with a paper tissue when coughing or sneezing.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pressure on use of tissue papers has grown in the wake of improved hygiene concerns in response to the coronavirus pandemic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paper_towels">Paper towels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Paper towels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paper_towel" title="Paper towel">Paper towel</a></div> <p>Paper towels are the second largest application for tissue paper in the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer sector">consumer sector</a>. This type of paper has usually a basis weight of 20 to 24 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Normally such paper towels are two-ply. This kind of tissue can be made from 100% <a href="/wiki/Chemical_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical pulp">chemical pulp</a> to 100% <a href="/wiki/Deinked_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Deinked pulp">recycled fibre</a> or a combination of the two. Normally, some long fibre chemical pulp is included to improve strength.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wrapping_tissue">Wrapping tissue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wrapping tissue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wrapping_tissue" title="Wrapping tissue">Wrapping tissue</a></div> <p>Wrapping tissue is a type of thin, translucent tissue <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> used for wrapping/packing various articles and cushioning fragile items. </p><p>Custom-printed wrapping tissue is becoming a popular trend for boutique retail businesses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are various on-demand custom printed wrapping tissue paper available online. Sustainably printed custom tissue wrapping paper are printed on <a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">FSC</a>-certified, acid-free paper; and only use soy-based inks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toilet_paper">Toilet paper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Toilet paper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">Toilet paper</a></div> <p>Rolls of toilet paper have been available since the end of the 19th century. Today, more than 20 billion rolls of toilet tissue are used each year in Western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-ETS1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETS1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toilet paper brands include, <a href="/wiki/Andrex" title="Andrex">Andrex</a> (United Kingdom), <a href="/wiki/Charmin" title="Charmin">Charmin</a> (United States) and <a href="/wiki/Quilton" title="Quilton">Quilton</a> (Australia), among many others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Table_napkins">Table napkins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Table napkins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Napkin" title="Napkin">Table napkins</a> can be made of tissue paper. These are made from one up to four plies and in a variety of qualities, sizes, folds, colours and patterns depending on intended use and prevailing fashions. The composition of raw materials varies a lot from <a href="/wiki/Deinked_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Deinked pulp">deinked</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chemical_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical pulp">chemical pulp</a> depending on quality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acoustic_disrupter">Acoustic disrupter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Acoustic disrupter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a sound recording engineer named <a href="/wiki/Bob_Clearmountain" title="Bob Clearmountain">Bob Clearmountain</a> was said to have hung tissue paper over the tweeter of his pair of <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_NS-10" title="Yamaha NS-10">Yamaha NS-10</a> speakers to tame the over-bright treble coming from it.<sup id="cite_ref-20100915gizmodo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20100915gizmodo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mix1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mix1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-twenty_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twenty-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phenomenon became the subject of hot debate and an investigation into the sonic effects of many different types of tissue paper.<sup id="cite_ref-mix1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mix1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hodas_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hodas-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors of a study for <i>Studio Sound</i> magazine suggested that had the speakers' grilles been used in studios, they would have had the same effect on the treble output as the improvised tissue paper filter.<sup id="cite_ref-twenty_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twenty-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another tissue study found inconsistent results with different paper, but said that tissue paper generally demonstrated an undesirable effect known as "<a href="/wiki/Comb_filter" title="Comb filter">comb filtering</a>", where the high frequencies are reflected back into the tweeter instead of being absorbed. The author derided the tissue practice as "aberrant behavior", saying that engineers usually fear comb filtering and its associated cancellation effects, suggesting that more controllable and less random electronic filtering would be preferable.<sup id="cite_ref-hodas_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hodas-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_repair">Road repair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Road repair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tissue paper, in the form of standard single-ply <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>, is commonly used in road repair to protect crack sealants. The sealants require upwards of 40 minutes to cure enough to not stick onto passing traffic. The application of toilet paper removes the stickiness and keeps the tar in place, allowing the road to be reopened immediately and increasing road repair crew productivity. The paper breaks down and disappears in the following days.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use has been credited to <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Department_of_Transportation" title="Minnesota Department of Transportation">Minnesota Department of Transportation</a> employee Fred Muellerleile, who came up with the idea in 1970 after initially trying standard office paper, which worked, but did not disintegrate easily.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Packing_industry">Packing industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Packing industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from above, a range of speciality tissues are also manufactured to be used in the <a href="/wiki/Packing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Packing industry">packing industry</a>. These are used for wrapping/packing various items, cushioning fragile items, stuffing in shoes/bags etc. to keep shape intact or, for inserting in garments etc. while packing/folding to keep them wrinkle free and safe. It is generally used printed with the manufacturers brand name or, logo to enhance the look and aesthetic appeal of the product. It is a type of thin, translucent <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> generally in the range of <a href="/wiki/Grammage" title="Grammage">grammages</a> between 17 and 40 GSM, that can be rough or, shining, hard or soft, depending upon the nature of use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origami">Origami</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Origami"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of double-tissue, triple-tissue, tissue-foil and <a href="/wiki/Methyl_cellulose" title="Methyl cellulose">Methyl cellulose</a> coated tissue papers are gaining increasing popularity. Due to the paper's low grammage the paper can be folded into intricate models when treated with Methyl Cellulose (also referred to as MC). The inexpensive paper provides incredible paper memory paired with paper strength (when MC treated). <a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a> models sometimes require both thin and highly malleable papers, for this tissue-foil is considered a prime choice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_industry">The industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North America, people are consuming around three times as much tissue as in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of the world's estimated production of 21 million tonnes (21,000,000 long tons; 23,000,000 short tons) of tissue, Europe produces approximately 6 million tonnes (5,900,000 long tons; 6,600,000 short tons).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European tissue market is worth approximately 10 billion Euros annually and is growing at a rate of around 3%. The European market represents around 23% of the global market. Of the total paper and board market tissue accounts for 10%. An analysis and market research in Europe, Germany was one of the top tissue-consuming countries in Western Europe while Sweden was on top of the per-capita consumption of tissue paper in Western Europe. Market Study.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Europe, the industry is represented by the <i>European Tissue Symposium</i> (ETS), a <a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">trade association</a>. The members of ETS represent the majority of tissue paper producers throughout Europe and about 90% of total European tissue production. ETS was founded in 1971 and is based in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> since 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S., the tissue industry is organized in the <a href="/wiki/AF%26PA" class="mw-redirect" title="AF&PA">AF&PA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tissue paper production and consumption is predicted to continue to <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">grow</a> because of factors like <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a>, increasing <a href="/wiki/Disposable_income" title="Disposable income">disposable incomes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_spending" title="Consumer spending">consumer spending</a>. In 2015, the global market for tissue paper is growing at per annum rates between 8–9% (China, currently 40% of global market) and 2–3% (Europe).<sup id="cite_ref-paperindustryworld_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paperindustryworld-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tissue demand on the consumer side booms while the AfH business turns down as majority stay at home amid COVID-19.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting"><span title="The text preceding this tag may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (November 2024)">needs copy edit</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Companies">Companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest tissue producing companies by capacity – some of them also <a href="/wiki/Global_player" class="mw-redirect" title="Global player">global players</a> – in 2015 are (in descending order):<sup id="cite_ref-paperindustryworld_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paperindustryworld-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Essity" title="Essity">Essity</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly-Clark" title="Kimberly-Clark">Kimberly-Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia-Pacific" title="Georgia-Pacific">Georgia-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pulp_%26_Paper" title="Asia Pulp & Paper">Asia Pulp & Paper</a> (APP)/<a href="/wiki/Sinar_Mas" title="Sinar Mas">Sinar Mas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofidel_Group" title="Sofidel Group">Sofidel Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMPC_(company)" title="CMPC (company)">CMPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEPA_Hygieneprodukte" class="mw-redirect" title="WEPA Hygieneprodukte">WEPA Hygieneprodukte</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mets%C3%A4_Group" title="Metsä Group">Metsä Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascades_(company)" title="Cascades (company)">Cascades</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sustainability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper#Environmental_considerations" title="Toilet paper">Toilet paper § Environmental considerations</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Paper_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper industry">paper industry</a> in general has a long history of accusations for being responsible for global <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> through legal and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">illegal logging</a>. The WWF has urged <a href="/wiki/Asia_Pulp_%26_Paper" title="Asia Pulp & Paper">Asia Pulp & Paper</a> (APP), "one of the world's most notorious deforesters" especially in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatran</a> <a href="/wiki/Rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rain forest">rain forests</a>, to become an environmentally responsible company; in 2012, the WWF launched a campaign to remove a brand of <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a> known to be made from APP fiber from grocery store shelves.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Worldwatch_Institute" title="Worldwatch Institute">Worldwatch Institute</a>, the world <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> consumption of toilet paper was 3.8 kilograms in 2005. The WWF estimates that "every day, about 270,000 trees are flushed down the drain or end up as garbage all over the world", a rate of which about 10% are attributable to toilet paper alone.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the paper tissue industry, along with the rest of the paper manufacturing sector, has worked to minimise its <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact">impact on the environment</a>. Recovered fibres now represent some 46.5% of the paper industry's raw materials. The industry relies heavily on <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuels</a> (about 50% of its primary energy). Its specific primary energy consumption has decreased by 16% and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specific_electricity_consumption&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specific electricity consumption (page does not exist)">specific electricity consumption</a> has decreased by 11%, due to measures such as improved process technology and investment in <a href="/wiki/Combined_heat_and_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined heat and power">combined heat and power</a> (CHP). Specific <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide emissions">carbon dioxide emissions</a> from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a> decreased by 25% due to process-related measures and the increased use of low-carbon and biomass fuels. Once consumed, most forest-based paper products start a new life as recycled material or biofuel<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>EDANA, the <a href="/wiki/Trade_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade body">trade body</a> for the non-woven absorbent hygiene products industry (which includes products such as household wipes for use in the home) has reported annually on the industry's environmental performance since 2005. Less than 1% of all commercial wood production ends up as wood pulp in absorbent hygiene products. The industry contributes less than 0.5% of all solid waste and around 2% of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">municipal solid waste</a> (MSW) compared with paper and board, garden waste and <a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">food waste</a> which each comprise between 18 and 20 percent of MSW.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been a great deal of interest, in particular, in the use of recovered fibres to manufacture new tissue paper products. However, whether this is actually better for the environment than using new fibres is open to question. A <a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">life-cycle assessment</a> study indicated that neither fibre type can be considered environmentally preferable. In this study both new fibre and recovered fibre offer environmental benefits and shortcomings. </p><p>Total environmental impacts vary case by case, depending on for example the location of the tissue paper mill, availability of fibres close to the mill, energy options and waste utilization possibilities. There are opportunities to minimise environmental impacts when using each fibre type. </p><p>When using recovered fibres, it is beneficial to: </p> <ul><li>Source fibres from integrated <a href="/wiki/Deinking" title="Deinking">deinking</a> operations to eliminate the need for thermal drying of fibre or long distance transport of wet pulp,</li> <li>Manage deinked sludge in order to maximise beneficial applications and minimise waste burden on society; and</li> <li>Select the recovered paper depending on the end-product requirements and that also allows the most efficient recycling process.</li></ul> <p>When using new fibres, it is beneficial to: </p> <ul><li>Manage the raw material sources to maintain legal, sustainable forestry practices by implementing processes such as <a href="/wiki/Certified_wood" title="Certified wood">forest certification</a> systems and chain of custody standards; and</li> <li>Consider opportunities to introduce new and more renewable energy sources and increase the use of biomass fuels to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.</li></ul> <p>When using either fibre type, it is beneficial to: </p> <ul><li>Improve energy efficiency in tissue manufacturing;</li> <li>Examine opportunities for changing to alternative, non fossil based sources, of <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> for tissue manufacturing operations</li> <li>Deliver products that maximise functionality and optimize consumption; and</li> <li>Investigate opportunities for alternative product disposal systems that minimize the environmental impact of used products.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_European_Paper_Industries" title="Confederation of European Paper Industries">Confederation of European Paper Industries</a> (CEPI) has published reports focusing on the industry's environmental credentials. In 2002, it noted that "a little over 60% of the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulp and paper">pulp and paper</a> produced in Europe comes from mills certified under one of the internationally recognised <a href="/wiki/Eco-management" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-management">eco-management</a> schemes".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of ‘eco-labels’ designed to help consumers identify paper tissue products which meet such environmental standards. Eco-labelling entered mainstream environmental policy-making in the late seventies, first with national schemes such as the German Blue Angel programme, to be followed by the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_swan" title="Nordic swan">Nordic swan</a> (1989). In 1992 a European eco-labelling regulation, known as the EU Flower, was also adopted. The stated objective is to support sustainable development, balancing environmental, social and economical criteria. </p><p>In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">NRDC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stand.earth" title="Stand.earth">Stand.earth</a> released a report grading various brands of toilet paper, paper towels, and facial tissue; the report criticized major brands for lacking recycled material.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_eco-labels">Types of eco-labels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Types of eco-labels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three types of <a href="/wiki/Eco-label" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-label">eco-labels</a>, each defined by ISO (International Organization for Standardization). </p><p><b>Type I: ISO 14024</b> This type of eco-label is one where the criteria are set by third parties (not the manufacturer). They are in theory based on life cycle impacts and are typically based on pass/fail criteria. The one that has European application is the EU Flower. </p><p><b>Type II: ISO 14021</b> These are based on the manufacturers or retailers own declarations. Well known amongst these are claims of "100% recycled" in relation to tissue/paper. </p><p><b>Type III: ISO 14025</b> These claims give quantitative details of the impact of the product based on its life cycle. Sometimes known as EPDs (<a href="/wiki/Environmental_Product_Declaration" title="Environmental Product Declaration">Environmental Product Declarations</a>), these labels are based on an independent review of the life cycle of the product. The data supplied by the manufacturing companies are also independently reviewed. </p><p>The most well known example in the paper industry is the Paper Profile. You can tell a Paper Profile meets the Type III requirements when the verifiers logo is included on the document.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of an organization that sets standards is the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">Forest Stewardship Council</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-laid_paper" title="Air-laid paper">Air-laid paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" title="Crêpe paper">Crêpe paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handkerchief" title="Handkerchief">Handkerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue-pack_marketing" title="Tissue-pack marketing">Tissue-pack marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">Washi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_dryer" title="Yankee dryer">Yankee dryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_paper" title="Sanitary paper">Sanitary paper</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue_paper&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albarakaco.com/tissue-paper-production-machines">Tissue Paper Converting Machine Photos</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220104721/http://www.albarakaco.com/tissue-paper-production-machines/">Archived</a> 2017-12-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Al Baraka.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaulapuro2000" class="citation book cs1">Paulapuro, Hannu (2000). "3". <i>Paper and Board grades</i>. Papermaking Science and Technology. Vol. 18. Finland: Fapet Oy. pp. 75–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/952-5216-18-7" title="Special:BookSources/952-5216-18-7"><bdi>952-5216-18-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3&rft.btitle=Paper+and+Board+grades&rft.place=Finland&rft.series=Papermaking+Science+and+Technology&rft.pages=75-92&rft.pub=Fapet+Oy&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=952-5216-18-7&rft.aulast=Paulapuro&rft.aufirst=Hannu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATissue+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNankoButton,_AllanHillman,_Dave2005" class="citation book cs1">Nanko, Hirko; Button, Allan; Hillman, Dave (2005). <i>The World of Market Pulp</i>. 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paper" title="Template:Paper"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paper" title="Template talk:Paper"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paper" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paper"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paper" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_engineering" title="Paper engineering">Paper engineering</a> / <a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper" title="History of paper">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talas" title="Battle of Talas">Battle of Talas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal_of_Silos" title="Missal of Silos">Missal of Silos</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Originators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Originators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Lun" title="Cai Lun">Cai Lun</a> (Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso Tzǔ-yi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damjing" title="Damjing">Damjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koops" title="Matthias Koops">Matthias Koops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlob_Keller" title="Friedrich Gottlob Keller">Friedrich Gottlob Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fenerty" title="Charles Fenerty">Charles Fenerty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Carter" title="Thomas Francis Carter">Thomas Francis Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dard_Hunter" title="Dard Hunter">Dard Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsien_Tsuen-hsuin" title="Tsien Tsuen-hsuin">Tsien Tsuen-hsuin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid-free_paper" title="Acid-free paper">Acid-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-laid_paper" title="Air-laid paper">Air-laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amate" title="Amate">Amate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituminous_waterproofing#Roofing_felt" title="Bituminous waterproofing">Asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_paper" title="Banana paper">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blotting_paper" title="Blotting paper">Blotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_paper" title="Bond paper">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_board" title="Bristol board">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_paper" title="Carbon paper">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_stock" title="Card stock">Cardstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_paper" title="Cartridge paper">Cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_paper" title="Construction paper">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_paper" title="Contact paper">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_fine_paper#Copy_paper" title="Special fine paper">Copy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonless_copy_paper" title="Carbonless copy paper">Carbonless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correction_paper" title="Correction paper">Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">Cotton (rag)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" title="Crêpe paper">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_board" title="Display board">Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3_paper" title="Dó paper">Dó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paper" title="Electrical insulation paper">Electrical insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_paper" title="Filter paper">Filteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">Genkō yōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassine" title="Glassine">Glassine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_paper" title="Graph paper">Graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greaseproof_paper" title="Greaseproof paper">Greaseproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_paper" title="Hemp paper">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_paper" title="India paper">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkjet_paper" title="Inkjet paper">Inkjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingres_paper" title="Ingres paper">Ingres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_paper" title="Korean paper">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butcher_paper" title="Butcher paper">Butcher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laid_paper" title="Laid paper">Laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokta_paper" title="Lokta paper">Lokta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_paper" title="Manila paper">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_paper" title="Mummy paper">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">Newsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onionskin" title="Onionskin">Onionskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami_paper" title="Origami paper">Origami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchment_paper" title="Parchment paper">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_paper" title="Photographic paper">Photographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_rosin_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Red rosin paper">Red rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_paper" title="Rice paper">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Scritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_paper" title="Security paper">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_paper" title="Seed paper">Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_paper" title="Stone paper">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_paper" title="Tar paper">Tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_paper" title="Thermal paper">Thermal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_paper" title="Tracing paper">Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_paper" title="Transfer paper">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree-free_paper" title="Tree-free paper">Tree-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">Washi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasli" title="Wasli">Wasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterproof_paper" title="Waterproof paper">Waterproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax paper">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-free_paper" title="Wood-free paper">Wood-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wove_paper" title="Wove paper">Wove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_and_writing_paper" title="Printing and writing paper">Writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuan_paper" title="Xuan paper">Xuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">China clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_chemicals" title="Paper chemicals">Paper chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Wood pulp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paper#Types,_thickness_and_weight" title="Paper">Specifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_density" title="Paper density">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammage" title="Grammage">Grammage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_paper" title="Surface chemistry of paper">Surface chemistry of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_paper_quantity" title="Units of paper quantity">Units of paper quantity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_strength" title="Wet strength">Wet strength</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacture<br />and process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp" title="Bleaching of wood pulp">Bleaching of wood pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conical_refiner" title="Conical refiner">Conical refiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deinking" title="Deinking">Deinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental_chlorine_free" title="Elemental chlorine free">Elemental chlorine free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking#Manual_papermaking" title="Papermaking">Handmade paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollander_beater" title="Hollander beater">Hollander beater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_process" title="Kraft process">Kraft process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organosolv" title="Organosolv">Organosolv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_machine" title="Paper machine">Paper machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_pulping" title="Soda pulping">Soda pulping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfite_process" title="Sulfite process">Sulfite process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Canada" title="Pulp and paper industry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Europe" title="Pulp and paper industry in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Pulp and paper industry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Japan" title="Pulp and paper industry in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Pulp and paper industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">Paper mill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_paper_mills" title="List of paper mills">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lined_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Lined paper">Lined paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_towel" title="Paper towel">Paper towels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">Papier-mâché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_clothing" title="Paper clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tissues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">Notebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watercolor_paper" title="Watercolor paper">Watercolor paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper money">Paper money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverage_carton" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverage carton">Beverage cartons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> 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