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Padi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Francis Padi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Francis Padi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Francis Padi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 131</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Francis Padi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Characterization of Solanum tuberosum Ammonium Transporter Gene Using Bioinformatics Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adewole%20Tomiwa%20Adetunji">Adewole Tomiwa Adetunji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Bayo%20Lewu"> Francis Bayo Lewu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Mundembe"> Richard Mundembe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plants require nitrogen (N) to support desired production levels. There is a need for better understanding of N transport mechanism in order to improve N assimilation by plant root. Nitrogen is available to plants in the form of nitrate or ammonium, which are transported into the cell with the aid of various transport proteins. Ammonium transporters (AMTs) play a role in the uptake of ammonium, the form in which N is preferentially absorbed by plants. Solanum tuberosum AMT1 (StAMT1) was amplified, sequenced and characterized using molecular biology and bioinformatics methods. Nucleotide database sequences were used to design 976 base pairs AMT1-specific primers which include forward primer 5’- GCCATCGCCGCCGCCGG-3’ and reverse primer 5’-GGGTCAGATCCATACCCGC-3’. These primers were used to amplify the Solanum tuberosum AMT1 internal regions. Nucleotide sequencing, alignment and phylogenetic analysis assigned StAMT1 to the AMT1 family due to the clade and high similarity it shared with other plant AMT1 genes. The deduced amino acid sequences showed that StAMT1 is 92%, 83% and 76% similar to Solanum lycopersicum LeAMT1.1, Lotus japonicus LjAMT1.1, and Solanum lycopersicum LeAMT1.2 respectively. StAMT1 fragments were shown to correspond to the 5th-10th trans-membrane domains. Residue StAMT1 D15 is predicted to be essential for ammonium transport, while mutations of StAMT1 S76A may further enhance ammonium transport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium%20transporter" title="ammonium transporter">ammonium transporter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primers" title=" primers"> primers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solanum%20tuberosum" title=" Solanum tuberosum"> Solanum tuberosum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77923/characterization-of-solanum-tuberosum-ammonium-transporter-gene-using-bioinformatics-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Personal Variables and Students’ Perception of School Security in Secondary Schools in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Bassey%20Ejue">James Bassey Ejue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorn%20Cklaimz%20Enamhe"> Dorn Cklaimz Enamhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Francis%20Ejue"> Helen Francis Ejue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examined the influence of personal variables such as sex, type of school, and parental socio-economic status on secondary school students’ perception of school security. To guide the study, three null hypotheses were formulated. The research design adopted was the survey design, and a 20-item instrument was constructed and validated by the researchers through a test-retest procedure. The sample size for the study comprised 2,198 students made up of male and female students selected through a stratified random sampling technique. This was drawn from a study population of 21,988, made up of 12,635 students and 9353 students from public and private secondary schools, respectively. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test statistical tool. The findings showed that female students were more fearful in their perception of school security; the students in private schools perceived school to be more insecure than those in public schools; and the students from high parental socio-economic status are more associated with the perception of school as insecure than the ones from low parental socio-economic status. Based on these findings, it was recommended that, among others, more reassuring measures be put in place to check school security for females, for those in private schools, and for those from high parental socio-economic status. School counsellors should also be guided accordingly in designing intervention strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20variables" title="personal variables">personal variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20security" title=" school security"> school security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174697/personal-variables-and-students-perception-of-school-security-in-secondary-schools-in-calabar-municipality-cross-river-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Identification of Social Responsibility Factors within Mega Construction Projects </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alotaibi">Ali Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Edum-Fotwe"> Francis Edum-Fotwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Price%20%2F"> Andrew Price /</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mega construction projects create buildings and major infrastructure to respond to work and life requirements while playing a vital role in promoting any nation’s economy. However, the industry is often criticised for not balancing economic, environmental and social dimensions of their projects, with emphasis typically on one aspect to the detriment of the others. This has resulted in many negative impacts including environmental pollution, waste throughout the project lifecycle, low productivity, and avoidable accidents. The identification of comprehensive Social Responsibility (SR) indicators, which combine social, environmental and economic aspects, is urgently needed. This is particularly the case in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which often has mega public construction projects. The aim of this paper is to develop a set of wide-ranging SR indicators which encompass social, economic and environmental aspects unique to the KSA. A qualitative approach was applied to explore relevant indicators through a review of the existing literature, international standards and reports. A list of appropriate indicators was developed, and its comprehensiveness was corroborated by interviews with experts on mega construction projects working with SR concepts in the KSA. The findings present 39 indicators and their metrics, covering 10 economic, 12 environmental and 17 social aspects of SR mapped against their references. These indicators are a valuable reference for decision-makers and academics in the KSA to understand factors related to SR in mega construction projects. The indicators are related to mega construction projects within the KSA and require validation in a real case scenario or within a different industry to demonstrate their generalisability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20responsibility" title="social responsibility">social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20projects" title=" construction projects"> construction projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic" title=" economic"> economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social" title=" social"> social</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators" title=" indicators"> indicators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102940/identification-of-social-responsibility-factors-within-mega-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Determining the Effects of Wind-Aided Midge Movement on the Probability of Coexistence of Multiple Bluetongue Virus Serotypes in Patchy Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Mugabi">Francis Mugabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Duffy"> Kevin Duffy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20J.%20Y.%20T%20Mugisha"> Joseph J. Y. T Mugisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obiora%20Collins"> Obiora Collins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bluetongue virus (BTV) has 27 serotypes, with some of them coexisting in patchy (different) environments, which make its control difficult. Wind-aided midge movement is a known mechanism in the spread of BTV. However, its effects on the probability of coexistence of multiple BTV serotypes are not clear. Deterministic and stochastic models for r BTV serotypes in n discrete patches connected by midge and/or cattle movement are formulated and analyzed. For the deterministic model without midge and cattle movement, using the comparison principle, it is shown that if the patch reproduction number R0 < 1, i=1,2,...,n, j=1,2,...,r, all serotypes go extinct. If R^j_i0>1, competitive exclusion takes place. Using numerical simulations, it is shown that when the n patches are connected by midge movement, coexistence takes place. To account for demographic and movement variability, the deterministic model is transformed into a continuous-time Markov chain stochastic model. Utilizing a multitype branching process, it is shown that the midge movement can have a large effect on the probability of coexistence of multiple BTV serotypes. The probability of coexistence can be brought to zero when the control interventions that directly kill the adult midges are applied. These results indicate the significance of wind-aided midge movement and vector control interventions on the coexistence and control of multiple BTV serotypes in patchy environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluetongue%20virus" title="bluetongue virus">bluetongue virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coexistence" title=" coexistence"> coexistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20serotypes" title=" multiple serotypes"> multiple serotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=midge%20movement" title=" midge movement"> midge movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branching%20process" title=" branching process"> branching process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130755/determining-the-effects-of-wind-aided-midge-movement-on-the-probability-of-coexistence-of-multiple-bluetongue-virus-serotypes-in-patchy-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> From Connected Family to Disconnection for Teens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jocelyn%20Lachance">Jocelyn Lachance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Jaur%C3%A9guiberry"> Francis Jauréguiberry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a few years, the exceptionality of the situation of an individual who could be reached at any time and at any time was replaced by the normality of instantly hearing the voice or immediately seeing the face of the person. This participates in the transformation of our representations of time and space, which gives rise to new expectations. Expectations that parents formulate more or less clearly to their children. The obligation to remain reachable seems to be asserting itself as a general norm which, having imposed itself on adults, now extends to the youngest. In the case of parents and their children, the rationale for this ongoing connection is not always based on actual and imminent dangers. It is the potential for dangerous events that underpins the indisputable argument for the importance of remaining reachable. It is the contingent nature of the risks that imposes itself on these young people as an argument of authority. By entering this connected world, the younger generations also end up adhering in many cases to this reassuring standard of connection. Many teenagers in ours researches nonetheless firmly believe that their freedom of movement is subject to the obligation to carry their smartphone with them. In this way, a connection "pact" is generally established, concluded under pressure, which implies first and foremost that contact be possible at any time, hence the importance of keeping it within reach, and often of '' be attentive to calls and texts sent by parents, at the risk of losing a recently acquired freedom. In this context, if adolescents are growing up in a connected world today, it is also because of the connection the parents are expecting from them. In our conference, by evoking situations reported by teenagers and parents of teenagers during our surveys, we propose to think about the role of the parents in making their child connected and about the desire of the disconnection of the teens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title="connection">connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disconnection" title=" disconnection"> disconnection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartphone" title=" smartphone"> smartphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ritual" title=" ritual"> ritual</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143123/from-connected-family-to-disconnection-for-teens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Antibiotic Production Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Y.%20Kutbi">Ahmed Y. Kutbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Russell.%20J.%20Baird"> C. Russell. J. Baird</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20McNaughtan"> M. McNaughtan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Wayman"> Francis Wayman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wastewaters from antibiotic production facilities are characterized with high concentrations of dissolved organic substances. Subsequently, it challenges wastewater treatment plant operator to achieve successful biological treatment and to meet regulatory emission levels. Of the dissolved organic substances, this research is investigating the fate of organic nitrogenous compounds (i.e., Chitin) in an antibiotic production wastewater treatment plant located in Irvine, Scotland and its impact on the WWTP removal performance. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in WWTP effluents are of significance because 1) its potential to cause eutrophication in receiving waters, 2) the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by products in drinking waters and 3) limits WWTPs ability to achieve very low total nitrogen (TN) emissions limits (5 – 25 mg/l). The latter point is where the knowledge gap lays between the operator and the regulator in setting viable TN emission levels. The samples collected from Irvine site at the different stages of the treatment were analyzed for TN and DON. Results showed that the average TN in the WWTP influents and effluents are 798 and 261 mg/l respectively, in other words, the plant achieved 67 % removal of TN. DON Represented 51% of the influents TN, while the effluents accounted 26 % of the TN concentrations. Therefore, an ongoing investigation is carried out to identify DON constituents in WWTP effluent and evaluate its impact on the WWTP performance and its potential bioavailability for algae in receiving waters, which is, in this case, Irvine Bay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20wastewater%20treatment%20plant" title="biological wastewater treatment plant">biological wastewater treatment plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20organic%20nitrogen" title=" dissolved organic nitrogen"> dissolved organic nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-availability" title=" bio-availability"> bio-availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irvine%20Bay" title=" Irvine Bay"> Irvine Bay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60984/dissolved-organic-nitrogen-in-antibiotic-production-wastewater-treatment-plant-effluents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Advancing Sustainable Development in the Construction Industry: A Theoretical Framework for Integrating Sustainable Project Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Kwesi%20Bondinuba">Francis Kwesi Bondinuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seidu%20Abdullah"> Seidu Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelly%20Bondinuba"> Nelly Bondinuba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The study proposes a theoretical framework for integrating sustainable project management in the construction sector, addressing the need for sustainable development practices. Methodology: The study adopts a theoretical approach by reviewing existing literature on sustainable development and project management in the construction industry. It analyses various concepts, theories, and frameworks to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for integrating sustainable project management. Findings: The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating sustainable development practices into construction project management, focusing on collaboration, stakeholder engagement, and continuous improvement to achieve environmental conservation, social responsibility, and economic viability. Conclusion: Sustainable Project Management (SPM) in Ghana's construction industry is challenging due to lack of awareness, regulatory frameworks, financial constraints, and skill shortages, despite its benefits in promoting social inclusivity, job creation, and environmental resilience. Recommendation: The construction industry in Ghana should adopt a comprehensive approach involving local communities, government bodies, and environmental organizations. It should utilize green materials and technologies and effectively manage waste. Originality: This study presents a theoretical framework for sustainable project management in construction. It emphasizes collaboration and stakeholder engagement for long-term sustainable outcomes and considers environmental, social, and economic aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title="construction industry">construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20framework" title=" theoretical framework"> theoretical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20management" title=" project management"> project management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188533/advancing-sustainable-development-in-the-construction-industry-a-theoretical-framework-for-integrating-sustainable-project-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Cost of Governance in Nigeria: In Whose Interest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20O.%20Iyoha">Francis O. Iyoha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20E.%20Gberevbie"> Daniel E. Gberevbie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20T.%20Iruonagbe"> Charles T. Iruonagbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20E.%20Egharevba"> Matthew E. Egharevba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cost of governance in Nigeria has become a challenge to development and concern to practitioners and scholars alike in the field of business and social science research. It has been observed that it takes 70 percent of the nation’s revenue to maintain less than 20 percent of the Nigerian population that are public servants. Furthermore, it has been observed that on a consistent yearly basis, the recurrent expenditure of government from the national budget keeps rising, while capital expenditure meant for development keeps falling. The implication is that development is stagnated in the country. For instance, in the 2010 national budget of NGN4.60tn or USD28.75b, only NGN1.80tn or USD11.15b was set aside for capital expenditure. Also, in the 2013 national budget of NGN4.92tn or USD30.75b, only NGN1.50tn or USD9.38b was set aside for capital expenditure. Therefore, with the analysis of secondary data, this study examined the reasons for the high cost of governance in Nigeria. It observed that the high cost of governance in the country is in the interest of the ruling class, arising from their unethical behaviour – corrupt practices and the poor management of public resources. As a result, the study recommends the need to intensify the war against corruption and mismanagement of public resources by government officials as possible solution to overcome the high cost of governance in Nigeria. This could be achieved by strengthening the constitutional powers of the various anti-corruption agencies in the area of arrest, investigation and prosecution of offenders without the interference of the executive arm of government either at the local, state or federal level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20governance" title="cost of governance">cost of governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20expenditure" title=" capital expenditure"> capital expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20expenditure" title=" recurrent expenditure"> recurrent expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unethical%20behavior" title=" unethical behavior"> unethical behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19129/cost-of-governance-in-nigeria-in-whose-interest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Method of Estimating Absolute Entropy of Municipal Solid Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Chinweuba%20Eboh">Francis Chinweuba Eboh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Ahlstr%C3%B6m"> Peter Ahlström</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Richards"> Tobias Richards</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entropy, as an outcome of the second law of thermodynamics, measures the level of irreversibility associated with any process. The identification and reduction of irreversibility in the energy conversion process helps to improve the efficiency of the system. The entropy of pure substances known as absolute entropy is determined at an absolute reference point and is useful in the thermodynamic analysis of chemical reactions; however, municipal solid waste (MSW) is a structurally complicated material with unknown absolute entropy. In this work, an empirical model to calculate the absolute entropy of MSW based on the content of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and chlorine on a dry ash free basis (daf) is presented. The proposed model was derived from 117 relevant organic substances which represent the main constituents in MSW with known standard entropies using statistical analysis. The substances were divided into different waste fractions; namely, food, wood/paper, textiles/rubber and plastics waste and the standard entropies of each waste fraction and for the complete mixture were calculated. The correlation of the standard entropy of the complete waste mixture derived was found to be s<sup>o</sup><strong><sub>msw</sub></strong>= 0.0101C + 0.0630H + 0.0106O + 0.0108N + 0.0155S + 0.0084Cl (kJ.K<sup>-1</sup>.kg) and the present correlation can be used for estimating the absolute entropy of MSW by using the elemental compositions of the fuel within the range of 10.3% <strong>≤</strong> C <strong>≤ </strong>95.1%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> H <strong>≤</strong> 14.3%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> O <strong>≤</strong> 71.1%, 0.0 <strong>≤</strong> N <strong>≤</strong> 66.7%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> S <strong>≤</strong> 42.1%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> Cl <strong>≤</strong> 89.7%. The model is also applicable for the efficient modelling of a combustion system in a waste-to-energy plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20entropy" title="absolute entropy">absolute entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irreversibility" title=" irreversibility"> irreversibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste-to-energy" title=" waste-to-energy"> waste-to-energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48288/method-of-estimating-absolute-entropy-of-municipal-solid-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Using Environmental Life Cycle Assessment to Design Sustainable Packaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Francis%20Grant">Timothy Francis Grant</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are conflicting purposes at play with the design of sustainable packaging which include material reduction, recycling compatibility, use of secondary content and performance of the package in protecting and delivering the product. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is able to evaluate these different strategies against environmental metrics such as climate change, land and water use and marine litter pollution. However, LCA has traditionally been too time consuming and expensive to be used effectively in packaging design process. To make LCA practical for packaging technologist and designers a simplified tool is needed to make LCA possible for non-environmental specialists. The Packaging Quick Evaluation Tool (PIQET) is a web-based solution for undertaking LCA of new and existing packaging designs considering the global supply chain and impacts from cradle to grave. PIQET is based on a pre-calculated LCA database covering the materials and processes involved in the packaging lifecycle from cradle to grave. This includes both virgin materials and recycled content, conversion of materials into packaging, and the transportation of packaging to the product filling. In addition, PIQET assesses the impacts once the package is filled looking at storage, transport and product loss through the supply chain. When applied to consumer packaging light weight packages which are note recyclable have lower impacts than more recyclable packages which have a higher mass. Its also apparent that for many products the impacts of product failure and product loss are more important environmentally compared to packaging material efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Climate%20change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Life%20Cycle%20Assessment" title=" Life Cycle Assessment"> Life Cycle Assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marine%20litter" title=" Marine litter"> Marine litter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Packaging%20sustainability" title=" Packaging sustainability"> Packaging sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120493/using-environmental-life-cycle-assessment-to-design-sustainable-packaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Bridging the Internalist-Externalist Divide: A Catholic-Reformed Epistemological Synthesis of the Justification of Christian Beliefs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linto%20Francis%20Kallukulangara">Linto Francis Kallukulangara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although the Catholic and Reformed traditions share a common baptismal heritage, they differe considerably in their epistemic stance on whether a believer can legitimatly subscribe to a proposition of Christian Revelation without any evidence. Catholic tradition, which is essentially rooted in the internalist epistemology, posits that a theistic belief must be substantiated by a rational ground that is cognitively accessible to the believer. In contrast, Reformed thinkers have historically maintained a non-evidentialist stance, which has received strong criticism, including allegations of irrationality. However, recent developments in analytic philosophy, particularly the rise of externalist epistemology, have revitalized the non-evidentialist position within the Reformed tradition. The intellectual allure of this movement has led many contemporary thinkers to argue that the Catholic internalist/evidentialist position has not only been significantly challenged but has also been largely silenced by this externalism-based Reformed epistemological stance. Consequently, they argue that the non-cogntive Reformed currect has established itself as the dominant, or perhaps the only, epistemological position in the philosophy of religion. This paper counters the prevailing narrative, arguing that despite the ostensible challenge posed by Reformed non-evidentialism, a synthesis is possible. By analyzing various Reformed epistemological movements within the contemporary anaytic tradtion, we demonstrate that externalist-based Reformed epistemology does not fundamentally undermine Catholic evidentialism. Instead, it offers a new and more promising framework for a Christian epistemology that sythesizes elements from both traditions, offering a more comprehensive and nuanced understing of the justification of religion belief, incoperating both internalist and externalist perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reformed%20and%20catholic%20epistemology" title="reformed and catholic epistemology">reformed and catholic epistemology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidentialism" title=" evidentialism"> evidentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-evidentialism" title=" non-evidentialism"> non-evidentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internalism" title=" internalism"> internalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=externalism" title=" externalism"> externalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190188/bridging-the-internalist-externalist-divide-a-catholic-reformed-epistemological-synthesis-of-the-justification-of-christian-beliefs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Massive Deployments of Insurgent Intelligence by Violent Non-state Actors (VNSAs) in the 21st Century and Threats to Global Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20Francis%20Abiodun">Temitope Francis Abiodun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The practice of intelligence is not limited to the machinery of a nation state alone, yet not much research or analysis has been directed towards the spy-crafts and tradecrafts engaged in by violent non-state actors (VNSAs) in the international community. The rise of 'private sector intelligence' in more recent years has only just begun to be interrogated by practitioners and academics. However, the use of intelligence by insurgents and other groups assembled to achieve varied forms of politico-military outcomes has often been overlooked. This paper examined the factors and conditions that gave rise to an increase in violent non-state actors (VNSAs), strategies aiding their deployment of insurgent intelligence, and as well the implications of their activities on global security. The failed state theory was adopted, while a descriptive research design served as the framework for the study. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The paper, however, revealed there were massive deployments of insurgent intelligence by violent non-state actors in contrast to a faulty pre-conception that insurgents were not as highly trained in deployment of intelligence as state actors, having assumed that the VNSAs lacked the sophistication to produce intelligence. However, the strategic objectives of insurgents (VNSAs) were revealed to depend on well-organized information gathering operations that feed into the tactical executions of their insurgency. The paper recommends, therefore, there is a need for adequate training on the part of security personnel in the states to be alive to their responsibilities; and there is also a need to ensure adequate border control and management to checkmate the influx of the various violent or deadly movements across global frontiers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title="terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-violent%20state%20actors" title=" non-violent state actors"> non-violent state actors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20sector%20intelligence" title=" private sector intelligence"> private sector intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145312/massive-deployments-of-insurgent-intelligence-by-violent-non-state-actors-vnsas-in-the-21st-century-and-threats-to-global-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> The Paradox of Decentralization and Civic Culture: An Exploratory Study Applied to Local Governments in Papua New Guinea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Wargirai">Francis Wargirai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since gaining independence in 1975, Papua New Guinea`s core challenge has been the consolidation of democracy against a backdrop of enormous social, political and territorial diversity. Consequently, the government has implemented several political reforms including decentralization. Constitutional planners believed that national unity, would be better achieved by sharing state power over centralization. They anticipated that this would institutionalize a democratic civic culture by providing opportunities to groups and individuals to make political decisions within their jurisdiction. This would then eventually lead to confidence and participation in the larger entity of the state. In retrospect, civil society and community based groups are largely underrated and have had minimal influence on decisions at the local level, consequently contributing to nepotism, patronism and cynicism. By applying an elitist approach to analyze how national political leaders exert their influence and power within the local government system and local communities, this paper argues that decentralization has fragmented local communities. With an absence of political party roots and deeply divided ethnic groups, national political leaders have used divide and rule tactics resulting in mistrust among citizens. Through their influence and power within local governments to dictate projects and services to certain areas, this has resulted in skepticism and divisions among civil society along different cultural cleavages. This has been a contributing factor to anomalies in democratic consolidation and democratic political culture in Papua New Guinea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20culture" title="civic culture">civic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20cleavages" title=" cultural cleavages"> cultural cleavages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title=" decentralization"> decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20consolidation" title=" democratic consolidation"> democratic consolidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86432/the-paradox-of-decentralization-and-civic-culture-an-exploratory-study-applied-to-local-governments-in-papua-new-guinea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Transcriptomic Analyses of Kappaphycus alvarezii under Different Wavelengths of Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vun%20Yee%20Thien">Vun Yee Thien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20Francis%20Rodrigues"> Kenneth Francis Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clemente%20Michael%20Vui%20Ling%20Wong"> Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilson%20Thau%20Lym%20Yong"> Wilson Thau Lym Yong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transcriptomes associated with the process of photosynthesis have offered insights into the mechanism of gene regulation in terrestrial plants; however, limited information is available as far as macroalgae are concerned. This investigation aims to decipher the underlying mechanisms associated with photosynthesis in the red alga, Kappaphycus alvarezii, by performing a differential expression analysis on a de novo assembled transcriptomes. Comparative analysis of gene expression was designed to examine the alteration of light qualities and its effect on physiological mechanisms in the red alga. High-throughput paired-end RNA-sequencing was applied to profile the transcriptome of K. alvarezii irradiated with different wavelengths of light (blue 492-455 nm, green 577-492 nm and red 780-622 nm) as compared to the full light spectrum, resulted in more than 60 million reads individually and assembled using Trinity and SOAPdenovo-Trans. The transcripts were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant (nr) protein, SwissProt, KEGG and COG databases with a cutoff E-value of 1e-5 and nearly 30% of transcripts were assigned to functional annotation by Blast searches. Differential expression analysis was performed using edgeR. The DEGs were designated to six categories: BL (blue light) regulated, GL (green light) regulated, RL (red light) regulated, BL or GL regulated, BL or RL regulated, GL or RL regulated, and either BL, GL or RL regulated. These DEGs were mapped to terms in KEGG database and compared with the whole transcriptome background to search for genes that regulated by light quality. The outcomes of this study will enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying light-induced responses in red algae. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20novo%20transcriptome%20sequencing" title="de novo transcriptome sequencing">de novo transcriptome sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20gene%20expression" title=" differential gene expression"> differential gene expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kappaphycus%20alvareziired" title=" Kappaphycus alvareziired"> Kappaphycus alvareziired</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20alga" title=" red alga"> red alga</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30147/transcriptomic-analyses-of-kappaphycus-alvarezii-under-different-wavelengths-of-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> 'Infection in the Sentence': The Castration of a Black Woman's Dream of Authorship as Manifested in Buchi Emecheta's Second Class Citizen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aseel%20Hatif%20Jassam">Aseel Hatif Jassam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadeel%20Hatif%20Jassam"> Hadeel Hatif Jassam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper discusses the phallocentric discourse that is challenged by women in general and of women of color in particular in spite of the simultaneity of oppression due to race, class, and gender in the diaspora. Therefore, the paper gives a brief account of women's experience in the light of postcolonial feminist theory. The paper also cast light on the theories of Luce Irigaray and Helen Cixous, two Feminist theorists who support and advise women to have their own discourse to challenge the infectious patriarchal sentence advocated by Sigmund Freud and Harold Bloom's model of literary history. Black women authors like BuchiEmecheta as well as her alter ego Adah, a Nigerian-born girl and the protagonist of her semi-autobiographical novel, Second Class Citizen, suffer from this phallocentric and oppressive sentence and displacement as they migrate from Nigeria, a former British colony where they feel marginalized to North London with the hope of realizing their dreams. Yet, in the British diaspora, they get culturally shocked and continue to suffer from further marginalization due to class and race and are insulted and interiorized ironically by their patriarchal husbands who try to put an end to their dreams of authorship. With the phallocentric belief that women aren't capable of self-representation in the background of their mindsets, the violent Sylvester Onwordi and Francis Obi, the husbands of both Emecheta and Adah, respectively have practiced oppression on them by burning their own authoritative voice, represented by the novels they write while they are struggling with their economically atrocious living experience in the British diaspora. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authorship" title="authorship">authorship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20diaspora" title=" British diaspora"> British diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse" title=" discourse"> discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phallocentric" title=" phallocentric"> phallocentric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143968/infection-in-the-sentence-the-castration-of-a-black-womans-dream-of-authorship-as-manifested-in-buchi-emechetas-second-class-citizen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Advance Directives among Resident Physicians in Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marica%20Pidor-Quingco">Marica Pidor-Quingco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Cabatingan"> Francis Cabatingan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: One of the essential roles of a physician is to assess a patient’s worth and support them in making decisions regarding their future preferences when it comes to medical care. Advance Directives is a patient-centered approach which is liked to a better-quality treatment at the end of life. General Objective: To assess and describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of resident physicians regarding advance directive among the resident physicians in Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Study. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center. There was a total of 129 respondents who gave their consent and was given survey questionnaire containing the demographic profile, knowledge, attitude and practices. Categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentage. Chi Square Test was used to determine the association of demographic profile with knowledge and attitude. Man-Whitney U test was utilized for the association of age with knowledge and attitude. Results: Out of 129 respondents, 36.59% were in favor towards self-determination and autonomy. Majority of the revealed an adequate knowledge and positive attitude regarding advance directives. Based on the results, there were no significant correlations between sociodemographic of the residents towards to knowledge and attitude. Over 66.7% of the respondents had used Advance Directives to their patients but 25% were not comfortable about it. Though most of the respondents was able to discuss AD with their patients, 7.0% of them are not willing to open the topic to the family. Conclusion: VSMMC is a tertiary hospital which also caters Hospice, Palliative and Supportive care to the patients. One of the services offered is initiating Advance Directives which may be a factor for a positive knowledge, attitude and practices towards this topic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advance%20directives" title="advance directives">advance directives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philippines" title=" philippines"> philippines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicians" title=" physicians"> physicians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative" title=" palliative"> palliative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156955/knowledge-attitude-and-practices-regarding-advance-directives-among-resident-physicians-in-vicente-sotto-memorial-medical-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> A Systematic Review on Dietary Interventions for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in Under-Five Children in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justina%20Ijeoma%20Ezebuwa">Justina Ijeoma Ezebuwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20C.%20Ikewuchi"> Catherine C. Ikewuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eka%20B.%20Essien"> Eka B. Essien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20C.%20Anacletus"> Francis C. Anacletus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant problem in Nigeria, especially in children under five. Intervention options for treating anemia in under-five children have also been the subject of research. This study aims to synthesize the evidence on dietary interventions for managing iron deficiency anemia in under-five children in Nigeria. This study uses a systematic review method to collect relevant studies to answer the research questions and a narrative synthesis to analyze and synthesize the findings of this study. Cochrane, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases were thoroughly searched, and five (5) articles were selected for this study. The results show that dietary interventions, such as daily multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drinks, biofortified (yellow/ white) cassava rich in pro-vitamin A, iron supplementation in foods, and ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) may be relevant to the management of iron deficiency anemia in under-five children in Nigeria. The study also shows that daily multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drinks may be more effective, feasible, and culturally acceptable for managing anemia in under-5 children in Nigeria. In addition, daily multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drinks and ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) were reported to have the potential to improve the growth, cognitive development, and overall health outcomes of under-five children with iron deficiency anemia in Nigeria. Recommendations for future studies in this research area and for public health practitioners and policymakers were provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20intervention" title="dietary intervention">dietary intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anemia" title=" iron deficiency anemia"> iron deficiency anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-five%20children" title=" under-five children"> under-five children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172403/a-systematic-review-on-dietary-interventions-for-iron-deficiency-anemia-ida-in-under-five-children-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Foreign Television Programme Contents and Effects on Youths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyitayo%20Francis%20Adanlawo">Eyitayo Francis Adanlawo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Television is one of humanity’s most important means of communication, a channel through which societal norms and values can be transferred to youths. The imagination created by foreign television programmes ultimately leads to strong emotional responses. Though some foreign films and programmes are educational in nature, the view that the majority of them are inimical to the youths’ positive-believe-system is rife. This has been occasioned by the adoption of repugnant alien cultures, imitation of vulgar slangs, weird hairdo and most visibly an adjustment in values. This study theoretically approaches two research questions: do youths act out the life style of characters seeing in foreign films? Is moral decadence, indiscipline, and vulgar habits being the results of the contents of foreign programmes and films? To establish the basis for relating foreign films watched to social vices as violence, sexual pervasiveness, cultural and traditional moral pollution on youths; Observational learning Theory and Reinnforcement Theory were utilized to answer the research questions and established the effect of foreign films content on youths. We conclude that constant showcasing of violent themes was highly responsible for the upsurge in social vices prevalent among the youths and can destroy the basis of the societal, cultural orientation. Recommendations made range from the need for government to halt the importation of foreign films not censored; the need for local films to portray more positive messages and the need for concrete steps to be taken to eradicate or minimise the use of programme capable of exerting negative influence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20%28television%29" title="media (television)">media (television)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20decadence" title=" moral decadence"> moral decadence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youths" title=" youths"> youths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=values" title=" values"> values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observation%20learning%20theory" title=" observation learning theory"> observation learning theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20theory" title=" reinforcement theory"> reinforcement theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110024/foreign-television-programme-contents-and-effects-on-youths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Communicative Competence in French Language for Nigerian Teacher-Trainees in the New-Normal Society Using Mobile Apps as a Lifelong Learning Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukemi%20E.%20Adetuyi-Olu-Francis">Olukemi E. Adetuyi-Olu-Francis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning is natural for living. One stops learning when life ends. Hence, there is no negotiating life-long learning. An individual has the innate ability to learn as many languages as he/she desires as long as life exists. French language education to every Nigerian teacher-trainee is a necessity. Nigeria’s geographical location requires that the French language should be upheld for economic and cultural co-operations between Nigeria and the francophone countries sharing borders with her. The French language will enhance the leadership roles of the teacher-trainees and their ability to function across borders. The 21st century learning tools are basically digital, and many apps are complementing the actual classroom interactions. This study examined the communicative competence in the French language to equip Nigerian teacher-trainees in the new-normal society using mobile apps as a lifelong learning tool. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study, and the researcher adopted a pre-test, a post-test experimental design, using a sample size of 87 teacher-trainees in South-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Results showed that the use of mobile apps is effective for learning the French language. One of the recommendations is that the use of mobile apps should be encouraged for all Nigerian youths to learn the French language for enhancing leadership roles in the world of work and for international interactions for socio-economic co-operations with Nigerian neighboring countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communicative%20competence" title="communicative competence">communicative competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=french%20language" title=" french language"> french language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20long%20learning" title=" life long learning"> life long learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20apps" title=" mobile apps"> mobile apps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20normal%20society" title=" new normal society"> new normal society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20trainees" title=" teacher trainees"> teacher trainees</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139606/communicative-competence-in-french-language-for-nigerian-teacher-trainees-in-the-new-normal-society-using-mobile-apps-as-a-lifelong-learning-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Photomicrograph-Based Neuropathology Consultation in Tanzania; The Utility of Static-Image Neurotelepathology in Low- And Middle-Income Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Zerd">Francis Zerd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20E.%20Moore"> Brian E. Moore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atuganile%20E.%20Malango"> Atuganile E. Malango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20W.%20Hosokawa"> Patrick W. Hosokawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20O.%20Lillehei"> Kevin O. Lillehei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurence%20Lemery%20Mchome"> Laurence Lemery Mchome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ryan%20%20Ormond"> D. Ryan Ormond</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Since neuropathologic diagnosis in the developing world is hampered by limitations in technical infrastructure, trained laboratory personnel, and subspecialty-trained pathologists, the use of telepathology for diagnostic support, second-opinion consultations, and ongoing training holds promise as a means of addressing these challenges. This research aims to assess the utility of static teleneuropathology in improving neuropathologic diagnoses in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Consecutive neurosurgical biopsy and resection specimens obtained at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, were selected for retrospective, blinded static-image neuropathologic review followed by on-site review by an expert neuropathologist. Results: A total of 75 neuropathologic cases were reviewed. The agreement of static images and on-site glass diagnosis was 71% with strict criteria and 88% with less stringent criteria. This represents an overall improvement in diagnostic accuracy from 36% by general pathologists to 71% by a neuropathologist using static telepathology (or 76% to 88% with less stringent criteria). Conclusions: Telepathology offers a suitable means of providing diagnostic support, second-opinion consultations, and ongoing training to pathologists practicing in resource-limited countries. Moreover, static digital teleneuropathology is an uncomplicated, cost-effective, and reliable way to achieve these goals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropathology" title="neuropathology">neuropathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource-limited%20settings" title=" resource-limited settings"> resource-limited settings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20image" title=" static image"> static image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanzania" title=" Tanzania"> Tanzania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teleneuropathology" title=" teleneuropathology"> teleneuropathology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137445/photomicrograph-based-neuropathology-consultation-in-tanzania-the-utility-of-static-image-neurotelepathology-in-low-and-middle-income-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> ILearn, a Pathway to Progress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reni%20Francis">Reni Francis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning has transcended the classroom boundaries to create a learner centric, interactive, and integrative teaching learning environment. This study analysed the impact of iLearn on the teaching, learning, and evaluation among 100 teacher trainees. The objectives were to cater to the different learning styles of the teacher trainees, to incorporate innovative teaching learning activities, to assist in peer tutoring, to implement different evaluation processes. i: Identifying the learning styles among the teacher trainees through VARK Learning style checklist was followed by planning the teaching-learning process to meet the learning styles of the teacher trainees. L: Leveraging innovations in teaching- learning by planning and creating modules incorporating innovative teaching learning and hence the concept based year plan was prepared. E: Engage learning through constructivism using different teaching methodology to engage the teacher trainees in the learning process through Workshop, Round Robin, Gallery walk, Co-Operative learning, Think-Pair-Share, EDMODO, Course Networking, Concept Map, Brainstorming Sessions, Video Clippings. A: Assessing the learning through an Open Book assignment, Closed book assignment, and Multiple Choice Questions and Seminar presentation. R: Remediation through peer tutoring through Mentor-mentee approach in the tutorial groups, Group work, Library Hours. N: Norming new standards. This was done in the form of extended remediation and tutorials to understand the need of the teacher trainee and support them for further achievements in learning through Face to face interaction, Supervised Study Circle, Mobile (Device) learning. The findings of the study revealed the positive impact of iLearn towards student achievement and enhanced social skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20achievement" title="academic achievement">academic achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20strategy" title=" innovative strategy"> innovative strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20styles" title=" learning styles"> learning styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20skills" title=" social skills"> social skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25789/ilearn-a-pathway-to-progress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Factors Affecting the Caregiving Experience of Children with Parental Mental Illnesses: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Anjana">N. Anjana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide, the prevalence of mental illnesses is increasing. The issues of persons with mental illness and their caregivers have been well documented in the literature. However, data regarding the factors affecting the caregiving experience of children with parental mental illnesses is sparse. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature of the factors affecting the caregiving experience of children of parents with mental illnesses. A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, JSTOR, ProQuest Central, Taylor and Francis Online, and Google Scholar were performed to identify peer-reviewed papers examining the factors associated with caregiving experiences of children with parental mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and major depression, for the 10-year period ending November 2019. Two researchers screened studies for eligibility. One researcher extracted data from eligible studies while a second performed verification of results for accuracy and completeness. Quality appraisal was conducted by both reviewers. Data describing major factors associated with caregiving experiences of children with parental mental illnesses were synthesized and reported in narrative form. Five studies were considered eligible and included in this review. Findings are organized under major themes such as the impact of parental mental illness on children’s daily life, how children provide care to their mentally ill parents as primary carers, social and relationship factors associated with their caregiving, positive and negative experiences in caregiving and how children cope with their experiences with parental mental illnesses. Literature relating to the caregiving experiences of children with parental mental illnesses is sparse. More research is required to better understand the children’s caregiving experiences related to parental mental illnesses so as to better inform management for enhancing their mental health, wellbeing, and caregiving practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caregiving%20experience" title="caregiving experience">caregiving experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20mental%20illnesses" title=" parental mental illnesses"> parental mental illnesses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing" title=" wellbeing"> wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117862/factors-affecting-the-caregiving-experience-of-children-with-parental-mental-illnesses-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Thermolysin Entrapment in a Gold Nanoparticles/Polymer Composite: Construction of an Efficient Biosensor for Ochratoxin a Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Dridi">Fatma Dridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouna%20Marrakchi"> Mouna Marrakchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Gargouri"> Mohammed Gargouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Garcia%20Cruz"> Alvaro Garcia Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20V.%20Dzyadevych"> Sergei V. Dzyadevych</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Vocanson"> Francis Vocanson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%ABlle%20Saulnier"> Joëlle Saulnier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Jaffrezic-Renault"> Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20Lagarde"> Florence Lagarde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An original method has been successfully developed for the immobilization of thermolysin onto gold interdigitated electrodes for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in olive oil samples. A mix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylenimine (PEI) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was used. Cross-linking sensors chip was made by using a saturated glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor atmosphere in order to render the two polymers water stable. Performance of AuNPs/ (PVA/PEI) modified electrode was compared to a traditional immobilized enzymatic method using bovine serum albumin (BSA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments were employed to provide a useful insight into the structure and morphology of the immobilized thermolysin composite membranes. The enzyme immobilization method influence the topography and the texture of the deposited layer. Biosensors optimization and analytical characteristics properties were studied. Under optimal conditions AuNPs/ (PVA/PEI) modified electrode showed a higher increment in sensitivity. A 700 enhancement factor could be achieved with a detection limit of 1 nM. The newly designed OTA biosensors showed a long-term stability and good reproducibility. The relevance of the method was evaluated using commercial doped olive oil samples. No pretreatment of the sample was needed for testing and no matrix effect was observed. Recovery values were close to 100% demonstrating the suitability of the proposed method for OTA screening in olive oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermolysin" title="thermolysin">thermolysin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20ochratoxin" title=" A. ochratoxin "> A. ochratoxin </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20alcohol" title=" polyvinyl alcohol"> polyvinyl alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylenimine" title=" polyethylenimine"> polyethylenimine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20oil" title=" olive oil"> olive oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26044/thermolysin-entrapment-in-a-gold-nanoparticlespolymer-composite-construction-of-an-efficient-biosensor-for-ochratoxin-a-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Postgraduate Supervision Relationship: Practices, Challenges, and Strategies of Stakeholders in the Côte d’Ivoire University System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aku%C3%A9l%C3%A9%20Radha%20Kondo">Akuélé Radha Kondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Heitz-Tokpa"> Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassirou%20Bonfoh"> Bassirou Bonfoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Akindes"> Francis Akindes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Postgraduate supervision contributes significantly to a student’s academic career, a supervisor’s promotion, and a university’s reputation. Despite this, the length of graduation in the Côte d’Ivoire University system is beyond the normal duration, two years for a master's and three years for a PhD. The paper analyses supervision practices regarding the challenges and strategies mobilised by students, supervisors, and administration staff to manage various relationships. Using a qualitative research design, this study was conducted at three public universities in Côte d’Ivoire. Data were generated from thirty-two postgraduate students, seventeen supervisors, and four administration staff through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis and presented thematically. Findings revealed delegated supervision and co-supervision, two types of supervision relationship practices. Students pointed out that feedback is often delayed from their supervisors in delegation supervision. However, they acknowledged receiving input and scientific guidance. All students believed that their role is to be proactive, not to wait to receive everything from the supervisor, and need to be more autonomous and hardworking. They developed strategies related to these qualities. Supervisors were considered to guide, give advice, control, motivate, provide critical feedback, and validate the work. The administration was rather absent in monitoring supervision delays. Major challenges were related to the supervision relationships and access to the research funds. The study showed that more engagement of the main supervisor, administration monitoring, and secured funding would reduce the time and increase the completion rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%C3%B4te%20d%E2%80%99Ivoire" title="Côte d’Ivoire">Côte d’Ivoire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postgraduate%20supervision" title=" postgraduate supervision"> postgraduate supervision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157696/postgraduate-supervision-relationship-practices-challenges-and-strategies-of-stakeholders-in-the-cote-divoire-university-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Studies on the Proximate Composition and Functional Properties of Extracted Cocoyam Starch Flour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebola%20Ajayi">Adebola Ajayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20B.%20Aiyeleye"> Francis B. Aiyeleye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olakunke%20M.%20Makanjuola"> Olakunke M. Makanjuola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olalekan%20J.%20Adebowale"> Olalekan J. Adebowale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cocoyam, a generic term for both xanthoma and colocasia, is a traditional staple root crop in many developing countries in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. It is mostly cultivated as food crop which is very rich in vitamin B6, magnesium and also in dietary fiber. The cocoyam starch is easily digested and often used for baby food. Drying food is a method of food preservation that removes enough moisture from the food so bacteria, yeast and molds cannot grow. It is a one of the oldest methods of preserving food. The effect of drying methods on the proximate composition and functional properties of extracted cocoyam starch flour were studied. Freshly harvested cocoyam cultivars at matured level were washed with portable water, peeled, washed and grated. The starch in the grated cocoyam was extracted, dried using sun drying, oven and cabinet dryers. The extracted starch flour was milled into flour using Apex mill and packed and sealed in low-density polyethylene film (LDPE) 75 micron thickness with Nylon sealing machine QN5-3200HI and kept for three months under ambient temperature before analysis. The result showed that the moisture content, ash, crude fiber, fat, protein and carbohydrate ranged from 6.28% to 12.8% 2.32% to 3.2%, 0.89% to 2.24%%, 1.89% to 2.91%, 7.30% to 10.2% and 69% to 83% respectively. The functional properties of the cocoyam starch flour ranged from 2.65ml/g to 4.84ml/g water absorption capacity, 1.95ml/g to 3.12ml/g oil absorption capacity, 0.66ml/g to 7.82ml/g bulk density and 3.82% to 5.30ml/g swelling capacity. Significant difference (P≥0.5) was not obtained across the various drying methods used. The drying methods provide extension to the shelf-life of the extracted cocoyam starch flour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoyam" title="cocoyam">cocoyam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oven%20dryer" title=" oven dryer"> oven dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cabinet%20dryer" title=" cabinet dryer"> cabinet dryer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52448/studies-on-the-proximate-composition-and-functional-properties-of-extracted-cocoyam-starch-flour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Caped Intervention: A Single Country Comparative Study of the Role of Russia in Its Involvement in the Crimean Crisis 2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katrina%20Angeline%20Santos">Katrina Angeline Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Mark%20Fernandez"> Francis Mark Fernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francheska%20Esmao"> Francheska Esmao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intervention is defined as a forcible interference by a state or states with power in the affairs of another state using force or the threat of force. On the other hand, a military intervention is an intervention, specifically used to define an intervention which uses force. With these, the authors realized a lack in the concept of intervention wherein it is an invited one.The authors wrote this paper to introduce a concept of intervention wherein the intervening state is offering assistance to the state in crisis which asked for one. The authors decided to make a contextual description of this phenomenon because of the lack of concepts regarding intervention between the idea of a single state performing a ‘heroic’ role of intervening in the crisis of another state. The problem that the authors would like to address is regarding the lack of availability in the concept of intervention wherein the state in crisis is seeking the assistance of another state. The authors utilized a contextual description approach to the study through the descriptive presentation of the series of events, by utilizing the news articles and news reports published, which happened in Ukraine and Crimea. This concept is further demonstrated through the utilization of a conceptual framework which shows the mutual relationship between the states. From the analysis of the behavior of Russia and its role in the Crimean Crisis 2014, the authors are able to coin the term, 'Caped Intervention' to describe an intervention of a state as a response to the invitation of assistance of a state in crisis in order for them to achieve their goals. This concept entails a mutual relationship between an intervening state and a sate in crisis. The concept of Caped Intervention describes the role of Russia as a Caped State or an intervening state observed through its action towards Crimea. This concept will help in the observation of the behavior of actors or states in events such as this. It will further help in analyzing the actors’ role in intervention by making it possible to classify the intervening acts into another concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assistance" title="assistance">assistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caped%20intervention" title=" caped intervention"> caped intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis" title=" crisis"> crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heroic" title=" heroic"> heroic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39100/caped-intervention-a-single-country-comparative-study-of-the-role-of-russia-in-its-involvement-in-the-crimean-crisis-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Sustainable Project Management: Driving the Construction Industry Towards Sustainable Developmental Goals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Kwesi%20Bondinuba">Francis Kwesi Bondinuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seidu%20Abdullah"> Seidu Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mewomo%20Cecilia"> Mewomo Cecilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opoku%C2%A0Alex"> Opoku Alex</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop a framework for understanding how sustainable project management contributes to the construction industry's pursuit of sustainable development goals. Study design/methodology/approach: The study employed a theoretical methodology to review existing theories and models that support Sustainable Project Management (SPM) in the construction industry. Additionally, a comprehensive review of current literature on SPM is conducted to provide a thorough understanding of this study. Findings: Sustainable Project Management (SPM) practices, including stakeholder engagement and collaboration, resource efficiency, waste management, risk management, and resilience, play a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the construction industry. Conclusion: Adopting Sustainable Project Management (SPM) practices in the Ghanaian construction industry enhances social inclusivity by engaging communities and creating job opportunities. The adoption of these practices faces significant challenges, including a lack of awareness and understanding, insufficient regulatory frameworks, financial constraints, and a shortage of skilled professionals. Recommendation: There should be a comprehensive approach to project planning and execution that includes stakeholders such as local communities, government bodies, and environmental organisations, the use of green building materials and technologies, and the implementation of effective waste management strategies, all of which will ensure the achievement of SDGs in Ghana's construction industry. Originality/value: This paper adds to the current literature by offering the various theories and models in Sustainable Project Management (SPM) and a detailed review of how Sustainable Project Management (SPM) contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Ghanaian Construction Industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goals" title=" sustainable development goals"> sustainable development goals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title=" construction industry"> construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghana" title=" ghana"> ghana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20project%20management" title=" sustainable project management"> sustainable project management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188967/sustainable-project-management-driving-the-construction-industry-towards-sustainable-developmental-goals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Level of Grief, Emotional Impact and Coping Strategies of Internal Medicine Residents in Response to a Patient’s Death</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florge%20Francis%20A.%20Sy">Florge Francis A. Sy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physicians develop emotional and psychological distress after facing a patient’s death. This can result in stress or burnout. Coping mechanisms in dealing with these deaths may be maladaptive. Determining grief, emotional impact, and coping strategies in physicians is necessary to identify those needing intervention. This can be done by employing validated assessment tools such as the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG) scale, Impact of Events Scale (IES), and BriefCOPE tool, respectively. This prospective, observational study was done in a private hospital in Cebu City. Fifty-five internal medicine residents were included and tasked to answer a survey based on their most memorable patient death encounter. The TRIG, IES, and BriefCOPE scores were determined. Participants were divided into severe grief and non-severe grief based on TRIG scores, low-impact, moderate-impact, and high-impact based on IES, and low-use, moderate-use, and high-use based on the BriefCOPE. The differences in the groups’ characteristics were statistically determined, and a p-value of < 0.05 was significant. The participants’ average age was 28.45 years. Most were female and single. Most belonged to the non-severe group based on TRIG, a moderate-impact group based on the IES, and high-use group based on the BriefCOPE. However, 21.8% reported severe grief, 27.3% reported high-impact, and 10.9% had low use of coping strategies. The proportion of residents who encountered CPR prior to the patient’s death was greater in the severe group. Proportions of both high-impact and non-high impact groups were comparable. The proportion of female residents was higher in the high-use group. There were a number of residents who reported severe grief, high emotional impact, and low coping strategies. This highlights the need for interventions such as debriefing after CPR or formal training in residency programs in dealing with emotional burden to counteract maladaptive coping behaviors and prevent negative outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residents" title="residents">residents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grief" title=" grief"> grief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20impact" title=" emotional impact"> emotional impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping" title=" coping"> coping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20death" title=" patient death"> patient death</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133617/level-of-grief-emotional-impact-and-coping-strategies-of-internal-medicine-residents-in-response-to-a-patients-death" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> The Impact of Hybrid Working Models on Employee Engagement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibylle%20Tellenbach">Sibylle Tellenbach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julie%20Haddock-Millar"> Julie Haddock-Millar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Bidault"> Francis Bidault</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to understand the extent to which hybrid working models have influenced employee engagement in the Swiss financial sector. The context for this research is the transition out of the pandemic and the changes that have occurred between 2020 and 2023. Since the pandemic, many financial services companies have had to rethink their working model for office-based employees, as this group of employees has been able to experience a new way of working and, thus, greater freedom and flexibility. For a large number of companies, it was a huge change to shift from the traditional office-based to a new hybrid working model. A heightened focus on employee engagement has become a necessity in order to understand and respond to the challenges presented by the shift in a working model. This new way of working, partly office-based and partly virtual, has led to ambiguities about the impact on the engagement of hybrid teams. Therefore, the research question is: How hybrid working models have influenced employee engagement to what extent? The methodological approach is a narrative inquiry with four similar functional teams within four Swiss financial companies. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with managers from middle management and their individual team members. The findings will demonstrate whether this shift in the working model influenced individual team members’ engagement and to what extent. The contribution of this research is two-fold. First, the research makes a theoretical contribution, presenting evidence of the impact of hybrid working on individual team members’ engagement in a specific sector and context, enhancing current knowledge on the challenges in working model transition. Second, this research will make a practice-based contribution, recommending ways to enhance the engagement of hybrid teams in a specific context. These recommendations may be applied in wider sectors and teams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20engagement" title="employee engagement">employee engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20teams" title=" hybrid teams"> hybrid teams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20working%20models" title=" hybrid working models"> hybrid working models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swiss%20financial%20sector" title=" Swiss financial sector"> Swiss financial sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=team%20engagement" title=" team engagement"> team engagement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160951/the-impact-of-hybrid-working-models-on-employee-engagement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Findings from an Access Improvement Project for Antiretroviral Therapy Uptake through Traditional Birth Attendants at Mother Theresa Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Afolayan">Daniel Afolayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Olawepo"> Christina Olawepo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Olowookanga"> Francis Olowookanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguhemen%20Tingir"> Nguhemen Tingir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20Fadare"> Olawale Fadare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Oko"> John Oko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Nigeria, traditional birth attendants (TBAs) can play an important role in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, their role in improving access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unclear. Catholic Caritas Foundation of Nigeria (Caritas Nigeria) is an implementing agency supporting increased access to HIV testing and treatment services in Lagos state through health facilities including Mother Theresa Hospital. Despite intra-facility testing and community outreaches, ART uptake at Mother Theresa Hospital, Lagos was low with 6 individuals on antiretroviral drugs 3 months post-activation. This study explored improving access to ART through linkages with TBAs for ART uptake at the facility. Plan-Do-Study-Act model was used. The goal was to improve uptake of ART from 6 to 80 in 5 months (end of project year). Scanning revealed a network of 15 TBAs with potential as satellites for HIV testing. Caritas Nigeria linked the facility with 15 TBAs who were provided with HIV test kits and trained on HIV testing services for provider-initiated testing and outreaches. Weekly reports and referrals of positives were received, tracked and feedback given on testing yield. These TBAs serve individuals of various age and gender at their trado-medical centres. At the end of 5 months, HIV testing increased by 10,575 (78% from TBAs) and HIV positives obtained improved by 77 (44.2% from TBAs). 55 new individuals were enrolled and commenced on ART (61.8% from TBAs). There was a successful linkage of all clients with escort services due to incentives. Total uptake of ART was 61 (76.3% of target). Structured partnerships between TBAs and HIV care and treatment centers should be strengthened to improve access to ART. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20improvement" title="access improvement">access improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiretroviral%20therapy" title=" antiretroviral therapy"> antiretroviral therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20birth%20attendants" title=" traditional birth attendants"> traditional birth attendants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uptake" title=" uptake"> uptake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61334/findings-from-an-access-improvement-project-for-antiretroviral-therapy-uptake-through-traditional-birth-attendants-at-mother-theresa-hospital-lagos-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Padi&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Padi&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Padi&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">3</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Padi&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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