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aria-controls="toc-Standard_sizes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Standard sizes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Standard_sizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia_(and_Singapore)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia_(and_Singapore)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Malaysia (and Singapore)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia_(and_Singapore)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.8</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.9</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.10</span> <span>West Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quebec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quebec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Quebec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quebec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabrication_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabrication_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fabrication process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabrication_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filling_cans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filling_cans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filling cans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filling_cans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_mechanisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_mechanisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Opening mechanisms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opening_mechanisms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opening mechanisms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opening_mechanisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pop-tab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop-tab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Pop-tab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop-tab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stay-on-tab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stay-on-tab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Stay-on-tab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stay-on-tab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press_button_can" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press_button_can"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Press button can</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press_button_can-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_aperture_end" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_aperture_end"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Full aperture end</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_aperture_end-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resealable_lid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resealable_lid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Resealable lid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resealable_lid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Recycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collecting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collecting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collecting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collecting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Drink can</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="عبوة المشروبات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عبوة المشروبات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Піўная бляшанка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піўная бляшанка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Піўная бляшанка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Піўная бляшанка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Кен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pojov%C3%A1_plechovka" title="Nápojová plechovka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápojová plechovka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drikked%C3%A5se" title="Drikkedåse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Drikkedåse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getr%C3%A4nkedose" title="Getränkedose – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Getränkedose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_de_bebida" title="Lata de bebida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lata de bebida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinka%C4%B5skatolo" title="Trinkaĵskatolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trinkaĵskatolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="قوطی نوشیدنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوطی نوشیدنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canette_(alimentaire)" title="Canette (alimentaire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canette (alimentaire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%ED%84%B0%EC%B9%98_%EC%BA%94" title="원터치 캔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원터치 캔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaleng_minuman" title="Kaleng minuman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaleng minuman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פחית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_minuman" title="Tin minuman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tin minuman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Container specifically made for liquid such as beverages and usually made of aluminum</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Beer can" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Beercan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Beercan (disambiguation)">Beercan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pop cap" and "Pop top" redirect here. For the software companies, see <a href="/wiki/PopCap_Games" title="PopCap Games">PopCap Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/PopTop_Software" title="PopTop Software">PopTop Software</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pop can" redirects here. For the Jamaican singer, see <a href="/wiki/Popcaan" title="Popcaan">Popcaan</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tolkki20091027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Tolkki20091027.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="228" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="121" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>Beverage can</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg/250px-Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg/330px-Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg/500px-Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>The stay-tab opening mechanism characteristic of most drinking cans since the mid-1980s. The 'wide-mouth' version, seen here, was introduced in the late 1990s.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Gare_-_Quai_-_Belgian_beers_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Gare_-_Quai_-_Belgian_beers_-_03.jpg/220px-Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Gare_-_Quai_-_Belgian_beers_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Gare_-_Quai_-_Belgian_beers_-_03.jpg/330px-Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Gare_-_Quai_-_Belgian_beers_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Gare_-_Quai_-_Belgian_beers_-_03.jpg/440px-Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Gare_-_Quai_-_Belgian_beers_-_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2387" data-file-height="3498" /></a><figcaption>Can of Belgian Pils represented on a mural of the railway station of <a href="/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve" title="Louvain-la-Neuve">Louvain-la-Neuve</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>drink can</b> (or <b>beverage can</b>) is a metal container with a <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> interior designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_soft_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonated soft drink">carbonated soft drinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic drinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit juice">fruit juices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">teas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal teas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_drink" title="Energy drink">energy drinks</a>, etc. Drink cans exteriors are made of <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> (75% of worldwide production)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Canmaker_FAQ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Canmaker_FAQ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Tin-plated_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin-plated steel">tin-plated steel</a> (25% worldwide production) and the interiors coated with an <a href="/wiki/Epoxy_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoxy resin">epoxy resin</a> or polymer. Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Canmaker_FAQ_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Canmaker_FAQ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tin_can#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin can">Tin can § History</a></div> <p>The first commercial beer available in cans began in 1935 in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not long after that, sodas, with their higher acidity and somewhat higher pressures, were available in cans. The key development for storing drinks in cans was the interior liner, typically plastic or sometimes a waxy substance, that helped to keep the product's flavor from being ruined by a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reaction</a> with the metal. Another major factor for the timing was the repeal of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition in the United States</a> at the end of 1933. </p><p>In 1935,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Felinfoel_Brewery" title="Felinfoel Brewery">Felinfoel Brewery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Felinfoel" title="Felinfoel">Felinfoel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> was the first brewery outside the US to commercially can beer. Prior to this time, beer had been available only in barrels or in glass bottles. From this time, lightweight tin cans could be used. Felinfoel was a major supplier to British armed forces abroad in the Second World War. Cans saved a great deal of space and weight for wartime exports compared to glass bottles and did not have to be returned for refilling. These early cans did not have a pull tab, being equipped instead with a <a href="/wiki/Crown_cork" title="Crown cork">crown cork</a> (beer bottle top). From the 18th century until the early 20th century Wales dominated world tinplate production, peaking in the early 1890s when 80% of the world's tinplate was produced in south Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canned drinks were factory-sealed and required a special opener tool in order to consume the contents. Cans were typically formed as cylinders, having a flat top and bottom. They required a can piercer, colloquially known as a "<a href="/wiki/Church_key" title="Church key">church key</a>", that latched onto the top rim for leverage; lifting the handle would force the sharp tip through the top of the can, cutting a triangular hole. A smaller second hole was usually punched at the opposite side of the top to admit air while pouring, allowing the liquid to flow freely. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1946_-_Neuweiler_Pilsner_Beer_Can_-_Allentown_PA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/1946_-_Neuweiler_Pilsner_Beer_Can_-_Allentown_PA.jpg/250px-1946_-_Neuweiler_Pilsner_Beer_Can_-_Allentown_PA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/1946_-_Neuweiler_Pilsner_Beer_Can_-_Allentown_PA.jpg/330px-1946_-_Neuweiler_Pilsner_Beer_Can_-_Allentown_PA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/1946_-_Neuweiler_Pilsner_Beer_Can_-_Allentown_PA.jpg/500px-1946_-_Neuweiler_Pilsner_Beer_Can_-_Allentown_PA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A 1946, <a href="/wiki/Neuweiler_Brewery" title="Neuweiler Brewery">Neuweiler</a> "crowntainer" beer can</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-1930s, some cans were developed with caps so that they could be opened and poured more like a bottle. These were called "<a href="/wiki/Cone_top" title="Cone top">cone tops</a>", as their tops had a conical taper up to the smaller diameter of the cap. Cone top cans were sealed by the same crimped caps that were put on bottles, and could be opened with the same bottle-opener tool. There were three types of conetops: <i>high profile</i>, <i>low profile</i>, and <i>j-spout</i>. The low profile and j-spout were the earliest, dating from about 1935. The "crowntainer" was a different type of can that was drawn steel with a bottom cap. These were developed by Crown Cork & Seal (now known as <a href="/wiki/Crown_Holdings" title="Crown Holdings">Crown Holdings, Inc.</a>), a leading drink packaging and drink can producer. The popularity of canned drinks was slow to catch on, as the metallic taste was difficult to overcome with the interior liner not perfected, especially with more acidic sodas. Cans had two advantages over glass bottles. First for the distributors, flat-top cans were more compact for transportation and storage and weighed less than bottles. Second for consumers, they did not require the deposit typically paid for bottles, as they were discarded after use. Glass-bottle deposits were reimbursed when consumers took the empties back to the store. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beverage_pull_tab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Beverage_pull_tab.jpg/250px-Beverage_pull_tab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Beverage_pull_tab.jpg/330px-Beverage_pull_tab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Beverage_pull_tab.jpg/500px-Beverage_pull_tab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption>A pop tab from the 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1959, the recyclable aluminum can was introduced to the market in a 7 oz. size by the Adolph Coors Company.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, an aluminum version of the crowntainer design was adopted for packaging <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Caribou_Coffee" title="Caribou Coffee">Caribou Coffee</a> drink.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_sizes">Standard sizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Standard sizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Drink_can" title="Special:EditPage/Drink can">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Drink+can%22">"Drink can"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Drink+can%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Drink+can%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Drink+can%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Drink+can%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Drink+can%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float: right;" class="wikitable"> <caption>Comparison chart of various standards </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>ml </th> <th>imp fl oz </th> <th>US fl oz </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">568 </td> <td align="right">20.0<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">19.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">500 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">473 </td> <td align="right">16.6 </td> <td align="right">16.0<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">440 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.49 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">375 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">355 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">350 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">341 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">330 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">320 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">250 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">237 </td> <td align="right">8.3 </td> <td align="right">8.0<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">222 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">200 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">150 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">one imperial pint</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">one US pint</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">half a US pint</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The standard size of drink cans in each country significantly varies, and various standard capacities are used internationally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, standard cans are 330 ml (reduced in the early 2000s from the up-until-then ubiquitous 340 ml) and the promotional size is 440 ml. There is also the 500 ml can. A smaller 200 ml can is used for "mixers" such as tonic or soda water. It has a smaller diameter than the other cans. In September 2018, a 300 ml can was introduced as an alternative to the 330 ml can in a continued effort to reduce the amount of sugar consumed in soft drinks.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the most common size is 330 ml. </p><p>Can dimensions may be cited in metric or imperial units; imperial dimensions for can making are written as inches+sixteenths of an inch (e.g. "202" = 2 inches + 2 sixteenths).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, most cans are 330 ml – in the past they were usually 355 or 350 ml.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 200 ml has also become available.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some beers<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and coffees<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are, respectively, sold with 500 ml and 250 ml cans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, 250 ml, 300 ml, 330 ml, 350 ml and 500 ml cans are available.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, 320 ml cans were introduced for domestically produced beer in 2018. Carbonated soft drink cans are typically 330 ml.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_small_135mL_beer_can.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/A_small_135mL_beer_can.jpg/250px-A_small_135mL_beer_can.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/A_small_135mL_beer_can.jpg/330px-A_small_135mL_beer_can.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/A_small_135mL_beer_can.jpg/500px-A_small_135mL_beer_can.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>A small 135 ml beer can in Japan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the most common sizes are 350 ml and 500 ml, while larger and smaller cans are also sold.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia_(and_Singapore)"><span id="Malaysia_.28and_Singapore.29"></span>Malaysia (and Singapore)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Malaysia (and Singapore)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, beer cans are 320 ml. For soft drinks in both Malaysia and Singapore, the most commonly found cans are 300 ml for non-carbonated drinks and 325 ml for carbonated drinks. Larger 330 ml/350 ml cans are limited to imported drinks which usually cost a lot more than local ones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, the most common sizes are 250 ml and 330 ml, and 200 ml cans are also sold.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, 250 ml cans are the most common for soft drinks, but when accompanying take-out food (such as pizza or chicken), a short 245 ml can is standard. Recently, some 355 ml cans which are similar to North American cans are increasingly available, but are limited mostly to <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dr_Pepper" title="Dr Pepper">Dr Pepper</a>, and beer cans are available in 500 ml.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thailand">Thailand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Thailand, <a href="/wiki/Singha" title="Singha">Singha</a> beer uses 320 ml cans for domestic sales and 330 ml cans for exports.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_Asia">West Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: West Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a>, standard cans are 330 ml.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Europe, the standard can is 330 ml, but since the 1990s 250 ml has slowly become common for energy drinks (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Redbull" class="mw-redirect" title="Redbull">redbull</a>), along with 500 ml, often used for beers and sometimes for soft drinks too (particularly in wholesale supply).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, 440 ml is commonly used for lager and cider.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, 330 ml and 440 ml fat cans are used for soft drinks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austria">Austria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, energy drinks are usually sold in sizes of 200 to 330 ml.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, the standard can size is 12 US fl oz or 355 ml. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> standard can is 4.83 in or 12.3 cm high, 2.13 in or 5.41 cm in diameter at the lid, and 2.6 in or 6.60 cm in diameter at the widest point of the body. Also available are 16 US fl oz or 473 ml cans (known as tallboys or, referring to the weight, "pounders"), and 18 US fl oz or 532 ml.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the standard size was previously 12 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial fluid ounces</a> (341 ml), later redefined and labelled as 341 ml in 1980. This size was commonly used with steel drink cans in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the US standard 355 ml can size was standardized in the 1980s and 1990s upon the conversion from steel to aluminum. Some drinks, such as Nestea, are sold in 341 ml cans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the standard size is 355 ml, although smaller 235 ml cans have gained popularity in the late 2010s and early 2020s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quebec">Quebec</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Quebec"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, a new standard for carbonated drinks has been added, as some grocery stores now only sell cans of all major carbonated drinks in six-packs of 222 ml cans. Many convenience stores also began selling "slim cans" with a 310 ml capacity in 2015.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, the standard can size for alcoholic and soft drinks is 375 ml. Energy drinks and some soft drinks are served in 250 ml and 500 ml sizes. Some beers are produced in 330 ml and 500 ml cans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the standard can size is 355 ml, although <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Amatil" title="Coca-Cola Amatil">Coca-Cola Amatil</a> changed some of its canned drinks to 330 ml in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, the standard can size is 350 ml.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pressed-cans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pressed-cans.jpg/250px-Pressed-cans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pressed-cans.jpg/330px-Pressed-cans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pressed-cans.jpg/500px-Pressed-cans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Aluminum cans pressed into blocks for recycling</figcaption></figure> <p>Most metal drink cans manufactured in the United States are made of <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas in some parts of Europe and Asia approximately 55 percent are made of steel and 45 percent are aluminum <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloy</a>. Steel cans often have a top made of aluminum. Beverage containers are made of two different aluminum alloys. The body is made of the <a href="/wiki/3004_aluminium_alloy" title="3004 aluminium alloy">3004 alloy</a> that can be <a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">drawn</a> easily and the top is made of the harder <a href="/wiki/5182_aluminium_alloy" title="5182 aluminium alloy">5182 alloy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, the Australian Aluminium Council reported that the average Australian-size can weighed approximately 14.9 grams (0.53 oz). Improved manufacturing techniques had allowed Australian manufacturers to reduce metal requirements from the 1992 average of 16.55 grams (0.584 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, an empty U.S.-size can weighed approximately one-half ounce (14 g), with approximately 34 per pound or 70 per kilogram.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many parts of the world a <a href="/wiki/Container_deposit_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Container deposit legislation">deposit</a> can be recovered by turning in empty plastic, glass, and aluminum containers. Scrap metal dealers often purchase aluminum cans in bulk, even when deposits are not offered. Aluminum is one of the most cost-effective materials to recycle. When recycled without other metals being mixed in, the can–lid combination is perfect for producing new stock for the main part of the can—the loss of magnesium during melting is made up for by the high magnesium content of the lid. Also, reducing ores such as <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> into aluminum requires large amounts of electricity, making recycling cheaper than producing new metal. </p><p>Aluminum cans are coated internally to protect the aluminum from <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidizing">oxidizing</a>. Despite this coating, trace amounts of aluminum can be degraded into the liquid, the amount depending on factors such as storage temperature and liquid composition.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1016/S0308-81469700236-7_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1016/S0308-81469700236-7-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1016/S0048-96970101122-6_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1016/S0048-96970101122-6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chemical compounds used in the internal coating of the can include types of <a href="/wiki/Epoxy_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoxy resin">epoxy resin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-freepatentsonline.com_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freepatentsonline.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fabrication_process">Fabrication process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Fabrication process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Drink_can" title="Special:EditPage/Drink can">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm/220px--The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="699" data-mwtitle="The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm/The_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_Ingenious_Design_of_the_Aluminum_Beverage_Can.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Video describing the design and manufacture of aluminum cans.</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern cans are generally produced through a mechanical <a href="/wiki/Swaging" title="Swaging">cold forming</a> process that starts with punching a flat blank from very stiff cold-rolled sheet. This sheet is typically alloy 3104-H19 or <a href="/wiki/3004_aluminum_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="3004 aluminum alloy">3004-H19</a>, which is aluminum with about 1% <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> and 1% <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> to give it strength and formability. The flat blank is first formed into a cup about three inches in diameter. This cup is then pushed through a different forming process called "ironing" which forms the can. The bottom of the can is also shaped at this time. The malleable metal deforms into the shape of an open-top can. With the sophisticated technology of the dies and the forming machines, the side of the can is thinner than either the top and bottom areas, where stiffness is required. </p><p>Plain lids (known as shells) are <a href="/wiki/Stamping_(metalworking)" title="Stamping (metalworking)">stamped</a> from a coil of <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, typically alloy 5182-H48, and transferred to another <a href="/wiki/Machine_press" title="Machine press">press</a> that converts them to easy-open ends. This press is known as a conversion press which forms an integral <a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">rivet</a> button in the lid and scores the opening, while concurrently forming the tabs in another <a href="/wiki/Die_(manufacturing)" title="Die (manufacturing)">die</a> from a separate strip of aluminum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filling_cans">Filling cans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Filling cans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Drink_can" title="Special:EditPage/Drink can">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cans are filled before the top is crimped on by seamers. To speed up the production process filling and sealing operations need to be extremely precise. The filling head centers the can using gas pressure, purges the air, and lets the drink flow down the sides of the can. The lid is placed on the can, and then crimped in two operations. A seaming head engages the lid from above while a seaming roller to the side curls the edge of the lid around the edge of the can body. The head and roller spin the can in a complete circle to seal all the way around. Then a pressure roller with a different profile drives the two edges together under pressure to make a gas-tight seal. Filled cans usually have pressurized gas inside, which makes them stiff enough for easy handling. Without the riveted tab the scored section of the can's end would be impossible to lift from the can. </p><p>Can filling lines come in different line speeds from 15,000 cans per hour (cph) up to 120,000 cph or more, all with different levels of automation. For example, lid feeding alone starts with manual debagging onto a simple v-chute connected to the seamer up to fully automated processes with automatic debagging and lid feeding of lids combined with automatic roll depalletizers for filling debaggers by robots. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opening_mechanisms">Opening mechanisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Opening mechanisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punched_beer_can.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Punched_beer_can.jpg/110px-Punched_beer_can.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Punched_beer_can.jpg/165px-Punched_beer_can.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Punched_beer_can.jpg/220px-Punched_beer_can.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Old beer can showing punches from a churchkey</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beer_can_pop-top_display,_Budweiser_Brewery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Beer_can_pop-top_display%2C_Budweiser_Brewery.jpg/250px-Beer_can_pop-top_display%2C_Budweiser_Brewery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Beer_can_pop-top_display%2C_Budweiser_Brewery.jpg/330px-Beer_can_pop-top_display%2C_Budweiser_Brewery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Beer_can_pop-top_display%2C_Budweiser_Brewery.jpg/500px-Beer_can_pop-top_display%2C_Budweiser_Brewery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1635" data-file-height="1303" /></a><figcaption>Beer can pop-top display at a Budweiser Brewery</figcaption></figure> <p>Early metal drink cans had no tabs; they were opened by a can-piercer or <a href="/wiki/Churchkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchkey">churchkey</a>, a device resembling a <a href="/wiki/Bottle_opener" title="Bottle opener">bottle opener</a> with a sharp point. The can was opened by punching two triangular holes in the lid—a large one for drinking, and a second smaller one to admit air. </p><p>As early as 1922, inventors were applying for patents on cans with tab tops, but the technology of the time made these inventions impractical.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later advancements saw the ends of the can made out of aluminum instead of steel. </p><p>In 1959, <a href="/wiki/Ermal_Fraze" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermal Fraze">Ermal Fraze</a> devised a can-opening method that would come to dominate the canned drink market. His invention was the "pull-tab". This eliminated the need for a separate opener tool by attaching an aluminum pull-ring lever with a rivet to a pre-scored wedge-shaped tab section of the can top. The ring was riveted to the center of the top, which created an elongated opening large enough that one hole simultaneously served to let the drink flow out while air flowed in. Previously, while on a family picnic, Mr. Fraze had forgotten to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer. Thinking there must be an easier way, he stayed up all night until he came up with the pull tab.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pull-tab cans, or the discarded tabs from them, were colloquially called "pop-tops".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Into the 1970s the pull-tab was widely popular, but its popularity came with the problem of people frequently simply discarding the pull-tabs on the ground, creating a potential injury risk especially to the feet or fingers. In the 1960s, at least one inventor attempted to solve the litter problem, by having the tab be retained by a stationary key that would wrap the tab around itself, which was unsuccessful commercially.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The problem of the discarded tops was initially solved by the invention of the push-tab. Used primarily on <a href="/wiki/Coors_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Coors Beer">Coors Beer</a> cans in the mid-1970s, the push-tab was a raised circular scored area used in place of the pull-tab.<sup id="cite_ref-presstb_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presstb-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It needed no ring to pull up; instead, the raised aluminum blister was pushed down into the can using one finger. A small unscored section of the tab prevented it from detaching and falling into the can after being pushed in. Push-tabs never gained wide popularity because while they had solved the <a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">litter</a> problem of the pull-tab, they created a safety hazard where the person's finger upon pushing the tab into the can was immediately exposed to the sharp edges of the opening. A feature of the push-tab Coors Beer cans was that they had a second, smaller, push-tab at the top as an airflow vent. "Push-tabs" were introduced into Australia from around 1977 and were locally known as "pop-tops", before being replaced later by the Stay-on-tab.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The safety and litter problems were eventually solved later in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik's invention of the non-removing "Stay-Tab". </p><p>Cans are usually in sealed <a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">paperboard</a> cartons, <a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">corrugated fiberboard</a> boxes, or trays covered with plastic film. The entire distribution system and packaging need to be controlled to ensure freshness.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pop-tab">Pop-tab <span class="anchor" id="ring_pull"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Pop-tab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old-style-pull-tab.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Old-style-pull-tab.JPG/120px-Old-style-pull-tab.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Old-style-pull-tab.JPG/250px-Old-style-pull-tab.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>Old style pull-tab in use on a can of <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao beer</a> in Beijing, China in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Mikolaj Kondakow and James Wong of <a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Ontario" title="Port Arthur, Ontario">Port Arthur</a>, Ontario, Canada invented the pull tab version for bottles in or before 1951 (Canadian patent 476789).<sup id="cite_ref-kondakow_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kondakow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962, <a href="/wiki/Ermal_Fraze" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermal Fraze">Ermal Cleon Fraze</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>, United States, invented the similar integral rivet and pull-tab version (also known as <b>ring pull</b> in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>), which had a ring attached at the rivet for pulling, and which would come off completely to be discarded. He received US Patent No. 3,349,949 for his pull-top can design in 1963 and licensed his invention to <a href="/wiki/Alcoa" title="Alcoa">Alcoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Brewing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Brewing Company">Pittsburgh Brewing Company</a>, the latter of which first introduced the design on <a href="/wiki/Iron_City_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron City Beer">Iron City Beer</a> cans. The first soft drinks to be sold in all-aluminum cans were <a href="/wiki/R.C._Cola" class="mw-redirect" title="R.C. Cola">R.C. Cola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diet-Rite_Cola" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet-Rite Cola">Diet-Rite Cola</a>, both made by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Crown_Cola" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Crown Cola">Royal Crown Cola</a> company, in 1964. </p><p>The early pull-tabs detached easily. In 1976, the <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i> noted cases of children ingesting pull-tabs that had broken off and dropped into the can.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Full-top pull-tabs were also used in some <a href="/wiki/Oil_can" title="Oil can">oil cans</a> and are currently used in some <a href="/wiki/Soup_can" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup can">soup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pet_food" title="Pet food">pet food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis_ball" title="Tennis ball">tennis ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, and other cans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stay-on-tab">Stay-on-tab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Stay-on-tab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="background:#f9f9f9;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96ffnen_einer_Getr%C3%A4nkedose.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%96ffnen_einer_Getr%C3%A4nkedose.gif/290px-%C3%96ffnen_einer_Getr%C3%A4nkedose.gif" decoding="async" width="290" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%96ffnen_einer_Getr%C3%A4nkedose.gif/435px-%C3%96ffnen_einer_Getr%C3%A4nkedose.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%96ffnen_einer_Getr%C3%A4nkedose.gif/580px-%C3%96ffnen_einer_Getr%C3%A4nkedose.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">Opening a drink can</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-center" style="border:none;background:none;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Audio_recording_opening_soda_beverage_can.ogg" title="File:Audio recording opening soda beverage can.ogg">Opening a stay-on-tab drink can</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Audio_recording_opening_soda_beverage_can.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Audio_recording_opening_soda_beverage_can.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Audio_recording_opening_soda_beverage_can.ogg/Audio_recording_opening_soda_beverage_can.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:POE_Stay-on_tab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/POE_Stay-on_tab.jpg/110px-POE_Stay-on_tab.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/POE_Stay-on_tab.jpg/165px-POE_Stay-on_tab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/POE_Stay-on_tab.jpg/220px-POE_Stay-on_tab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A "standard" size can open, once common in American soft drinks.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1958, American inventor <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bajada" title="Anthony Bajada">Anthony Bajada</a> was awarded the patent for a "Lid closure for can containers".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bajada's invention was the first design to keep the opening tab connected to the lid of the can, preventing it from falling into the contents of the can. His patent expired in 1975 and has been directly cited in the mechanisms used by companies such as <a href="/wiki/Crown_Holdings" title="Crown Holdings">Crown Cork & Seal Co.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BHP" title="BHP">BHP</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Steel Corporation">United States Steel Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately one month after Bajada's patent expired, Daniel F. Cudzik, an engineer with <a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynolds Metals">Reynolds Metals</a>, filed a design patent application for an "End closure for a container".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This later became known as a "Sta-Tab". When the Sta-Tab launched in 1975, on <a href="/wiki/Falls_City_Brewing_Company" title="Falls City Brewing Company">Falls City beer</a> and, quickly, other drinks, there was an initial period of consumer testing and education. Cudzik later received patents for this "Easy Open Wall" (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US3967752">US 3967752</a>, issued 1976-07-06</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=3967752&rft.cc=US&rft.title=&rft.date=1976-07-06"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation patent"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US3967753">US 3967753</a>, issued 1976-07-06</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=3967753&rft.cc=US&rft.title=&rft.date=1976-07-06"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>). The validity of these patents was upheld in subsequent litigation.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The similarly designed "Easy-open ecology end" was invented by <a href="/wiki/Ermal_Fraze" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermal Fraze">Ermal Fraze</a> and Omar Brown. Its patent application was also filed in 1975, less than two months after the expiration of Bajada's patent.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This design, like Cudzik's, uses a separate tab attached to the upper surface as a <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">lever</a> to depress a <a href="/wiki/Groove_(machining)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groove (machining)">scored</a> part of the lid, which folds underneath the top of the can and out of the way of the resulting opening, thus reducing injuries and roadside litter caused by removable tabs.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such "retained ring-pull" cans supplanted pull-off tabs in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in 1989 for soft drinks and 1990 for <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic drinks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stay-on-tab (SOT) opening system solved the environmental issue of the previous pull-tab design. However, it introduced a new, still unresolved hygiene concern: the outer panel of the tab now sinks into the liquid inside the can. </p><p>One of the more recent modifications to can design was the introduction of the "wide mouth" can in the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Can_Company" title="American Can Company">American Can Company</a>, now a part of <a href="/wiki/Rexam" title="Rexam">Rexam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Coors_Brewing_Company" title="Coors Brewing Company">Coors Brewing Company</a> have owned wide mouth design patent (number D385,192)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since 1997. Other companies have similar designs for the wide mouth. <a href="/wiki/Ball_Corporation" title="Ball Corporation">Ball Corporation</a>'s from 2008 has a vent tube to allow direct airflow into the can reducing the number of gulps during the pour.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press_button_can">Press button can</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Press button can"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One variation was the press button can,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which featured two pre-cut buttons—one small and one large—in the top of the can sealed with a plastic membrane. These buttons were held closed by the outward pressure of the <a href="/wiki/Carbonated" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonated">carbonated</a> drink. The consumer would open the can by depressing both buttons, which would result in two holes. The small hole would act as a vent to relieve internal pressure so the larger button could then be pressed down to create the hole used for consuming the drink. Consumers could also easily cut themselves on the edges of the holes or get their fingers stuck. </p><p>Press button cans were used by Pepsi in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> from the 1970s to 1980s and <a href="/wiki/Coors_Brewing_Company" title="Coors Brewing Company">Coors</a> in the 1970s. They have since been replaced with pull tabs. Used in Australia, locally known as "pop-tops", for soft drinks from 1977 to the early 1980s. However, Heineken Brewery did bring back press- or push button cans on the market in Europe as a short-lived marketing strategy in the 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_aperture_end">Full aperture end</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Full aperture end"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fat_Lizard_Ankle_Slapper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fat_Lizard_Ankle_Slapper.jpg/110px-Fat_Lizard_Ankle_Slapper.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fat_Lizard_Ankle_Slapper.jpg/165px-Fat_Lizard_Ankle_Slapper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fat_Lizard_Ankle_Slapper.jpg/220px-Fat_Lizard_Ankle_Slapper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>The Finnish brewery <a href="/wiki/Fat_Lizard" title="Fat Lizard">Fat Lizard</a> uses "topless" cans where the entire lid is removed when opening the can.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another variation on the drink can is the "full aperture end", where the entire lid can be removed – turning an aluminum can into a cup. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Holdings" title="Crown Holdings">Crown Holdings</a> first designed the "360 End"<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for use by <a href="/wiki/SABMiller" title="SABMiller">SABMiller</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-crowncork.com_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crowncork.com-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been used by <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_InBev" class="mw-redirect" title="Anheuser-Busch InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the <a href="/wiki/Sly_Fox_Brewing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sly Fox Brewing Company">Sly Fox Brewing Company</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resealable_lid">Resealable lid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Resealable lid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another variation on the drink can is to have a resealable lid. A version patented by Cogito Can<sup id="cite_ref-cogito_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cogito-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in France has been used by Groupe Casino, the French grocery chain for its private label energy drink. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recycling">Recycling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Recycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_recycling" title="Aluminium recycling">Aluminium recycling</a></div> <p>The beverage container can be recycled, and clean aluminum has residual market value, but recycled cans still need to be diluted by up to 50% virgin aluminum because the sides and tops of the can are of different alloys. The acronym UBC, for used beverage container, is employed by such companies as <a href="/wiki/Apple,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc">Apple, Inc</a> for reference to the material of its portable laptop cases.<sup id="cite_ref-patapp_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patapp-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most large companies serve their beverages in printed cans, where designs are printed on the aluminum and then crafted into a can. Alternatively, cans can be wrapped with a plastic design,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mimicking the printed can but allowing for more flexibility than printed cans.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A modern-day trend in craft alcohol is to design stickers to put on cans, allowing for smaller batches and quick changes for new flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collecting">Collecting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Collecting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beer_Cans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Beer_Cans.jpg/250px-Beer_Cans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Beer_Cans.jpg/330px-Beer_Cans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Beer_Cans.jpg/500px-Beer_Cans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3832" data-file-height="2554" /></a><figcaption>A collection of drink cans in Dunsmuir, California</figcaption></figure> <p>Beer can <a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">collecting</a> was a minor <a href="/wiki/Fad" title="Fad">fad</a> in the late 1970s and 1990s. However, the hobby waned rapidly in popularity. The Beer Can Collectors of America (BCCA), founded in 1970, was an organization supporting the hobby, but has now renamed itself Brewery Collectibles Club of America to be more modern.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of late 2009, membership in the Brewery Collectibles Club of America was 3,570, down from a peak of 11,954 in 1978. Just 19 of the members were under the age of 30, and the members' average age had increased to 59.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Can_Museum" title="Beer Can Museum">Beer Can Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Can_Printing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer Can Printing">Beer Can Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_koozie" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer koozie">Beer koozie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverage-can_stove" title="Beverage-can stove">Beverage-can stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_can" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-heating can">Self-heating can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-pack_rings" title="Six-pack rings">Six-pack rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widget_(beer)" title="Widget (beer)">Widget (beer)</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_Canmaker_FAQ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Canmaker_FAQ_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Canmaker_FAQ_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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Slyfoxbeer.com. 2013-03-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slyfoxbeer.com/index.php/front/news_archive/141">the original</a> on 2013-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sly+Fox+Beer+Opens+Up+Flavor+and+Aroma+with+the+360+Lid+%26%23124%3B+Sly+Fox+Beer+Phoenixville+%26+Pottstown+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Slyfoxbeer.com&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slyfoxbeer.com%2Findex.php%2Ffront%2Fnews_archive%2F141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cogito-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cogito_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504160745/http://www.cogitocan.com/">"accueil - COGITOcan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cogitocan.com/">the original</a> on 4 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=accueil+-+COGITOcan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cogitocan.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patapp-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-patapp_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patentlyapple.com/patently-apple/2021/03/apple-patents-reveal-how-the-aluminum-unibody-macbook-enclosure-is-made-from-recycled-pop-and-beer-cans-more.html">"Apple Patents reveal how the Aluminum Unibody MacBook Enclosure is made from Recycled Pop and Beer Cans & more"</a>. Patenly Apple. March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Apple+Patents+reveal+how+the+Aluminum+Unibody+MacBook+Enclosure+is+made+from+Recycled+Pop+and+Beer+Cans+%26+more&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patentlyapple.com%2Fpatently-apple%2F2021%2F03%2Fapple-patents-reveal-how-the-aluminum-unibody-macbook-enclosure-is-made-from-recycled-pop-and-beer-cans-more.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebrewermagazine.com/canning-brands-shrink-wraps-sticker-labels/">"Canning Your Brands: Shrink Wraps & Sticker Labels"</a>. 2018-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canning+Your+Brands%3A+Shrink+Wraps+%26+Sticker+Labels&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebrewermagazine.com%2Fcanning-brands-shrink-wraps-sticker-labels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.resourcelabel.com/beer-can-labels">"Beer can labels"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beer+can+labels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.resourcelabel.com%2Fbeer-can-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brewingindustryguide.com/one-can-many-beers/">"One Can, Many Beers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+Can%2C+Many+Beers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrewingindustryguide.com%2Fone-can-many-beers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826083136/http://www.bcca.com/history/about_our_club.asp">"Brewery Collectibles Club of America - Club History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcca.com/history/about_our_club.asp">the original</a> on 2011-08-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brewery+Collectibles+Club+of+America+-+Club+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcca.com%2Fhistory%2Fabout_our_club.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKesmodel2009" class="citation news cs1">Kesmodel, David (December 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126022528798380825">"Behold the Beer Can, Its Beauty Faded in the Eyes of the Young"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Behold+the+Beer+Can%2C+Its+Beauty+Faded+in+the+Eyes+of+the+Young&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft.aulast=Kesmodel&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB126022528798380825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrink+can" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6">978-0-470-08704-6</a></li> <li>Soroka, W., <i>Fundamentals of Packaging Technology</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IoPP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IoPP (page does not exist)">IoPP</a>, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-930268-25-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-930268-25-4">1-930268-25-4</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drink_can&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beverage_cans" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Beverage cans">Beverage cans</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pssht.com/keglined/">Beer can history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pull-tab-recycling-dialysis/">Pull tab fundraiser myth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUhisi2FBuw">The Ingenious Design of the Aluminum Beverage Can</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_S._Hammack" class="mw-redirect" title="William S. 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_packaging" title="Active packaging">Active packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_packager" title="Contract packager">Contract packager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_packaging" title="Edible packaging">Edible packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging" title="Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging">Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpackaging" title="Overpackaging">Overpackaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">Package delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_pilferage" title="Package pilferage">Package pilferage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_testing" title="Package testing">Package testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_theft" title="Package theft">Package theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">Shelf life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-ready_packaging" title="Shelf-ready packaging">Shelf-ready packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">Shelf-stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology" title="Tamper-evident technology">Tamper-evident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper resistance">Tamper resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_rage" title="Wrap rage">Wrap rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product<br />packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drink can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_box" title="Pizza box">Pizza box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bag">Sand bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosage_form" title="Dosage form">Unit dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_box" title="Bulk box">Bulk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage" title="Cage">Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_(container)" title="Chub (container)">Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">Keg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh bag">Mesh bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_(container)" title="Pail (container)">Pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_pack" title="Skin pack">Skin pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_load" title="Unit load">Unit load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br />and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextrusion#Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel pack">Gel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_tape" title="Tear tape">Tear tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_fill_seal" title="Blow fill seal">Blow fill seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converting" class="mw-redirect" title="Converting">Converting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_pump" title="Drum pump">Drum pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li> <li><a 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