CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Oregon State Hospital - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ec3417fe-b6cb-4752-bb19-ec2b4fce7f06","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Oregon_State_Hospital","wgTitle":"Oregon State Hospital","wgCurRevisionId":1240221998,"wgRevisionId":1240221998,"wgArticleId":6338383,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","Good articles","Use mdy dates from February 2013","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","NRHP infobox with nocat","Commons category link from Wikidata","1862 establishments in Oregon","Buildings and structures in Salem, Oregon","Government of Oregon","Hospitals established in 1883", "Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon","Kirkbride Plan hospitals","Psychiatric hospitals in Oregon","Residential buildings completed in 1883"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Oregon_State_Hospital","wgRelevantArticleId":6338383,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":44.93979,"lon":-123.00348},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[] ,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7101361","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg/1200px-OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="573"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg/800px-OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="382"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg/640px-OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="306"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Oregon State Hospital - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Oregon_State_Hospital rootpage-Oregon_State_Hospital skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Oregon+State+Hospital" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Oregon+State+Hospital" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Oregon+State+Hospital" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Oregon+State+Hospital" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1862–1900:_Establishment_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1862–1900:_Establishment_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1862–1900: Establishment and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1862–1900:_Establishment_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tunnels_and_narrow-gauge_railroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunnels_and_narrow-gauge_railroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Tunnels and narrow-gauge railroad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunnels_and_narrow-gauge_railroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–2000:_Expansion_and_overcrowding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–2000:_Expansion_and_overcrowding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1901–2000: Expansion and overcrowding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–2000:_Expansion_and_overcrowding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000–2008:_Public_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–2008:_Public_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2000–2008: Public criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–2008:_Public_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Department_of_Justice_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Justice_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Department of Justice report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Justice_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009–present:_Reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009–present:_Reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2009–present: Reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009–present:_Reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Patients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Administration and personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_patients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_patients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable patients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_patients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oregon State Hospital</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7101361#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Oregon_State_Hospital" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Oregon_State_Hospital" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Oregon_State_Hospital" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&oldid=1240221998" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Oregon_State_Hospital&id=1240221998&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOregon_State_Hospital"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOregon_State_Hospital"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oregon_State_Hospital" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7101361" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oregon_State_Hospital&params=44.93979_N_123.00348_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°56′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">123°00′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.93979°N 123.00348°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.93979; -123.00348</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Oregon State Hospital</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #E6E6FA"><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">U.S. Historic district</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg/300px-OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg/450px-OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg/600px-OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6960" data-file-height="3324" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">West facade of the original Kirkbride building of the Oregon State Hospital, 2011</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Oregon_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Located in Northwest region of Oregon"><img alt="Located in Northwest region of Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/USA_Oregon_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Oregon_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/USA_Oregon_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Oregon_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/USA_Oregon_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Oregon_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1148" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.196%;left:22.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oregon State Hospital"><img alt="Located in Northwest region of Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Oregon</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Located in Northwest region of Oregon"><img alt="Located in Northwest region of Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.004%;left:8.916%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oregon State Hospital"><img alt="Located in Northwest region of Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oregon_State_Hospital&params=44.93979_N_123.00348_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°56′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">123°00′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.93979°N 123.00348°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.93979; -123.00348</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1883<span class="noprint">; 141 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1883</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">W.F. Boothby<br /> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_M._Lazarus" title="Edgar M. Lazarus">Edgar Lazarus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/High_Victorian_Gothic" title="High Victorian Gothic">High Victorian Gothic</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a104_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a104-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osh.oregon.gov">www.osh.oregon.gov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital_Historic_District" title="Oregon State Hospital Historic District">Oregon State Hospital Historic District</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/08000118">08000118</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">February 28, 2008</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oregon State Hospital</b> is a public <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric hospital</a> in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, located in the state's capital city of <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a> with a smaller satellite campus in <a href="/wiki/Junction_City,_Oregon" title="Junction City, Oregon">Junction City</a> opened in 2014. Founded in 1862 and constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Kirkbride_Plan" title="Kirkbride Plan">Kirkbride Plan</a> design in 1883, it is the oldest operating psychiatric hospital in the state of Oregon,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the oldest continuously operated hospitals on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a129_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a129-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hospital was established after the closure of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Hospital_for_the_Insane" title="Oregon Hospital for the Insane">Oregon Hospital for the Insane</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, located 47 miles (76 km) north of Salem. Originally named the <b>Oregon Hospital for the Insane</b>, the Oregon State Hospital was active in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">electroconvulsive therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobotomy" title="Lobotomy">lobotomies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">hydrotherapy</a>. In the mid-twentieth century, the facility experienced significant overcrowding problems, with a peak of nearly 3,600 patients.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a129_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a129-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, <a href="/wiki/Dammasch_State_Hospital" title="Dammasch State Hospital">Dammasch State Hospital</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Clackamas_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Clackamas County">Clackamas County</a> near Portland, which served to mitigate the hospital's overcrowding issues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dammasch would close in 1995. </p><p>In the early twenty-first century, the hospital received public criticism for its aging facilities and treatment of patients, and the hospital's management of 5,000 canisters of unclaimed human <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremains</a> was the subject of a 2005 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning series published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a></i>. The discovery of these remains is the subject of the 2011 documentary "Library of Dust".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the state of Oregon approved a $458 million plan to rebuild the main hospital to a downsized 620-bed facility,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was completed in 2013. Portions of the original hospital buildings were demolished, though the center of the Kirkbride building was salvaged and renovated, and now houses a mental health museum. </p><p>Oregon State Hospital is located in the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital_Historic_District" title="Oregon State Hospital Historic District">Oregon State Hospital Historic District</a>, and was registered with the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_for_Historic_Places" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register for Historic Places">National Register for Historic Places</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-oprd_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oprd-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the primary filming location for the 1975 film <i><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a></i>, as well as being the subject of a series of photographs by photographer <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Mark" title="Mary Ellen Mark">Mary Ellen Mark</a> in 1976. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1862–1900:_Establishment_and_early_years"><span id="1862.E2.80.931900:_Establishment_and_early_years"></span>1862–1900: Establishment and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1862–1900: Establishment and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1881_Oregon_State_Insane_Asylum.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1881_Oregon_State_Insane_Asylum.jpeg/220px-1881_Oregon_State_Insane_Asylum.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1881_Oregon_State_Insane_Asylum.jpeg/330px-1881_Oregon_State_Insane_Asylum.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1881_Oregon_State_Insane_Asylum.jpeg/440px-1881_Oregon_State_Insane_Asylum.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3210" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Oregon State Hospital, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1881</figcaption></figure> <p>The original <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Hospital_for_the_Insane" title="Oregon Hospital for the Insane">Oregon Hospital for the Insane</a> was established by American physician <a href="/wiki/James_C._Hawthorne" title="James C. Hawthorne">James C. Hawthorne</a> in what was then <a href="/wiki/East_Portland,_Oregon" title="East Portland, Oregon">East Portland, Oregon</a>, (now the <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon">Hawthorne District</a>). The facility was built in 1862, and the street on which it was built was renamed Asylum Avenue. Local residents protested about the name, however, and it was renamed Hawthorne in honor of the hospital's founder in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a12_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The street in Salem on which the current hospital is located, Center Street, was also originally named Asylum Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activist <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a> was an advocate of Hawthorne's original hospital, which she had visited twice, but was a vocal critic of the opening of the new state hospital, believing the state was ill-prepared to care for patients adequately.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Oregon constitution mandated that state hospitals be built in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a15_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groundbreaking began May 1, 1881, and the hospital was completed in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b42_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b42-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly built, state-funded hospital opened as the <b>Oregon State Insane Asylum</b> on October 23, 1883, and was constructed based on the <a href="/wiki/Kirkbride_Plan" title="Kirkbride Plan">Kirkbride Plan</a> for a total of $184,000 (equivalent to $6,016,800 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a16_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a16-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its architecture is <a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a> in style, and was designed by W.F. Boothby.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a16_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a16-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Simeon Josephi was appointed superintendent of the hospital from its opening until May 1887, and strived to base his treatment methods on those used by Dr. Hawthorne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a21_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lane" title="Harry Lane">Harry Lane</a>, who implemented an "aggressive" vaccination program to combat <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> outbreaks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a21_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1891, the hospital housed a total of 478 male and 212 female patients; the growing influx of patients led to two additional wings being added onto the hospital, followed by a conversion from <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas</a> to <a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">electric lighting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a20_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a20-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the hospital infirmary was completed in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, the most commonly reported causes for insanity at the hospital were <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">intemperance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">masturbation</a>, and religious paranoia.<sup id="cite_ref-mhp_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhp-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900, the hospital began to expand its campus, with two additional women's wards and four men's being added to the main building.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a11_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a11-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historical documents, the hospital had admitted a total of 5,046 patients since its opening, 1,243 of which had been "released as recovered," 1,051 "improved," while at least 1,058 had died in the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a11_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a11-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oregon_State_Hospital_c._1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Oregon_State_Hospital_c._1900.jpg/220px-Oregon_State_Hospital_c._1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Oregon_State_Hospital_c._1900.jpg/330px-Oregon_State_Hospital_c._1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Oregon_State_Hospital_c._1900.jpg/440px-Oregon_State_Hospital_c._1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Oregon State Hospital <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1900</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tunnels_and_narrow-gauge_railroad">Tunnels and narrow-gauge railroad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tunnels and narrow-gauge railroad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railroad">narrow gauge railroad</a> was established on the grounds of the hospital during its construction, leading into different tunnels and buildings. These tunnels allowed the hospital to move patients between buildings without the public observing and are marked by purple-colored<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> glass prisms embedded in the roads to provide lighting.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tunnels connect different buildings of the State Hospital together. The narrow gauge railroad did extend to the penitentiary but not within a tunnel; remnants of this line still existed as of February 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State Capitol and associated buildings also have a tunnel system to this day (parts of which are publicly accessible) but they have never been connected to the State Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b230_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b230-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the narrow gauge railroad is no longer used, the tunnels were once used daily to deliver food, laundry, and other items—and occasionally patients—between different buildings. The rails are no longer evident in many places and the <a href="/wiki/Flange" title="Flange">flangeways</a> are filled in, leaving only the head of the <a href="/wiki/Rail_tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail tracks">rail</a> exposed.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At one point transport within the tunnels was by means of electric carts and occasionally bicycles. When the railroad was used, cars made of bamboo were pushed to their destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">spurs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">sidings</a> were found on the railroad, so cars were simply stopped on the track where it was necessary to load or unload them, and then pushed away. A number of the bamboo railroad cars were converted to non-rail cars by removing the railroad wheels and adding casters; one of these cars is displayed in the Oregon State Hospital Mental Health Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the narrow gauge railroad, a <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> railroad spur from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company">Southern Pacific</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Geer_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Geer Branch">Geer Branch</a> extended north from the penitentiary to the State Hospital. A portion of the grade of this spur remains along with two short portions of the standard gauge rails embedded in asphalt within and outside of Buildings 61 and 73 on the hospital grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArchitectural_Resources_Group20099–15_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArchitectural_Resources_Group20099–15-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–2000:_Expansion_and_overcrowding"><span id="1901.E2.80.932000:_Expansion_and_overcrowding"></span>1901–2000: Expansion and overcrowding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1901–2000: Expansion and overcrowding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oregon_State_Hospital_men%27s_baseball_team,_1901.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Oregon_State_Hospital_men%27s_baseball_team%2C_1901.png/200px-Oregon_State_Hospital_men%27s_baseball_team%2C_1901.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Oregon_State_Hospital_men%27s_baseball_team%2C_1901.png/300px-Oregon_State_Hospital_men%27s_baseball_team%2C_1901.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Oregon_State_Hospital_men%27s_baseball_team%2C_1901.png 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hospital's men's baseball team, 1901</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1900, a survey of the hospital's patients revealed a total of 1,188 patients, ranging from the ages of eight to eighty-six-years-old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a31_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a31-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common causes of insanity reported by the hospital at the time were "excessive living", liquor, narcotics, and <a href="/wiki/Venereal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Venereal disease">venereal disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a31_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a31-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910, the red brick Kirkbride building was painted white, and in 1913, the hospital was officially renamed <b>Oregon State Hospital</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a23_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a23-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board and trustees had petitioned for a name change prior; in an 1897 biennial report, it was noted: </p> <blockquote><p>[We would] also recommend to your honorable body that the present name of the institution, the "Oregon State Insane Asylum," be changed to "Oregon State Hospital." The disgrace felt by patients, as well as the humiliation of their relatives and friends, would be largely obviated by a correct understanding of the character and objects of the institution, and this would be conserved by the change suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiennial_Report189715_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiennial_Report189715-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The same year, in 1913, the Eastern Oregon State Asylum was also established in <a href="/wiki/Pendelton,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendelton, Oregon">Pendleton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mhp_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhp-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, the Dome Building, the receiving ward of the hospital, was officially opened, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Edgar_M._Lazarus" title="Edgar M. Lazarus">Edgar M. Lazarus</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b110_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b110-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the time, the hospital's number of patients had continued to grow, with around 500 patients entering the hospital each year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a63_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a63-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dome Building incorporated <a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">hydrotherapeutic</a> facilities for patients.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a63_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a63-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1924, the total number of patients living on the hospital campus had grown to 1,864, with a staff of over 200 employees and 5 physicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a64_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a64-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1923, the hospital participated in the <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> movement, sterilizing a total of more than 2,600 patients until the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common procedures and experimental practices that took place at the hospital included <a href="/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">electroconvulsive therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insulin_shock_therapy" title="Insulin shock therapy">insulin shock therapy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pentylenetetrazol" title="Pentylenetetrazol">Metrazol</a> shock therapy,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter two of which were introduced in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 18, 1942, a mass <a href="/wiki/Poisoning" title="Poisoning">poisoning</a> occurred at the hospital after a dinner serving of scrambled eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a82_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a82-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within minutes patients complained of stomach and leg cramps, began vomiting, and had respiratory difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a82_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a82-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, 467 people got sick and 47 people died. Forensic examination determined that the poisoning was due to a mix-up in the kitchen. Instead of powdered milk, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoride" title="Sodium fluoride">sodium fluoride</a>, a poison to kill cockroaches, had been used in the cooking process.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1955, the hospital constructed a 676-bed building for geriatric patients to deal with increasing numbers of aging and elderly patients.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital's population began to steadily increase in the middle of the century; this led to the opening of <a href="/wiki/Dammasch_State_Hospital" title="Dammasch State Hospital">Dammasch State Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clackamas_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Clackamas County">Clackamas County</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, which was established to help mitigate overcrowding problems.<sup id="cite_ref-mhp_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhp-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the Oregon State Hospital had reached a peak number of 3,545 patients.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a88_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a88-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Columbia Park Hospital had also opened in <a href="/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon" title="The Dalles, Oregon">The Dalles</a> in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-mhp_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhp-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1966, the hospital added the Salem Rehabilitation Center to its campus with the intention of training long-stay patients into work relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reduction in patient numbers further allowed the hospital to introduce other programs, including a training program for psychiatric nurses, as well as a two-year residency program for physicians to study psychiatry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A volunteer program for local teenagers to work on the hospital grounds was also introduced in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, Dr. Brooks, the hospital superintendent, allowed the production of the <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a></i> to shoot inside the hospital and on its campus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the hospital's patient residency had been lowered significantly by the openings of Dammasch and the Eastern Oregon State Hospital, which allowed accommodation for the film's production.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, in 1976, the hospital established the Child and Adolescent Secure Treatment Program for children, treating patients from age eight to eighteen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981 and 1983, respectively, the hospital abolished the practice of lobotomy and dismantled its eugenics program.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b23_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b23-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the hospital again continued to experience issues with overcrowding; in 1991, it was noted that the hospital was so overcrowded that beds were placed in corridors and smoking rooms in wards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a62_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a62-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–2008:_Public_criticism"><span id="2000.E2.80.932008:_Public_criticism"></span>2000–2008: Public criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000–2008: Public criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oregon_State_Hospital_Memorial.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Oregon_State_Hospital_Memorial.JPG/220px-Oregon_State_Hospital_Memorial.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Oregon_State_Hospital_Memorial.JPG/330px-Oregon_State_Hospital_Memorial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Oregon_State_Hospital_Memorial.JPG/440px-Oregon_State_Hospital_Memorial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Memorial where cremains from unclaimed patients are kept, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>By the turn of the twenty-first century, the hospital began to experience criticism from the public over its aging facilities and patient care.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255,_257,_258_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255,_257,_258-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the <i>Salem Statesman Journal</i> conducted a two-month investigation into the facility, in which they claimed the hospital's living conditions were overcrowded, also noting outdated facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the newspaper reported systematic problems resulting in drug addicts and <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholics</a> being wrongly admitted, as well as severe understaffing and failure of the hospital to properly investigate and prosecute patient assaults against staff members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2004 investigation by the <i>Statesman Journal</i> led to further investigation into the hospital, and a 2005 architectural assessment of the facility determined that the site was unsafe.<sup id="cite_ref-NTHP_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTHP-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, the hospital's Child and Adolescent Secure Treatment Program was dismantled,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Oregon Advocacy Center filed a federal suit alleging that overcrowding and understaffing posed a risk to both patients and staff.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b23_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b23-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 8, 2006, the hospital was fined US$10,200 for <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> violations.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another controversy at the hospital involved the fate of over 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> canisters of human <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremated</a> remains that had been kept in the basement of the original building over a period of decades.<sup id="cite_ref-ceasar_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceasar-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canisters were brought to public attention after senator <a href="/wiki/Peter_Courtney" title="Peter Courtney">Peter Courtney</a> came across them while touring the hospital in 2004; the canisters had been relocated to Building 60 on the hospital campus, many of which were corroded and oxidized from moisture exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-ceasar_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceasar-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains were the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning series by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a></i> newspaper, published in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the hospital was granted permission from the state to release the names of the deceased in hopes of returning the unclaimed remains to proper family members.<sup id="cite_ref-memorial_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memorial-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Building 60 was renovated and converted into a public memorial housing the unclaimed remains.<sup id="cite_ref-memorial_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memorial-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2014, state officials had discovered that 1,500 sets of remains may have been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Department_of_Justice_report">Department of Justice report</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Department of Justice report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> filed a report which criticized the quality of care provided to patients by the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-opb_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opb-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oreg-Taylor_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oreg-Taylor-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A subsequent report criticizing the hospital was largely focused on the death of Moises Perez, a patient with <a href="/wiki/Paranoid_schizophrenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranoid schizophrenia">paranoid schizophrenia</a> who had been admitted to the hospital in 1995 after being found "guilty except for insanity" of attempted murder.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perez, who was listed as 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m) and weighing over 300 pounds (140 kg), went missing on October 17, 2009, and was later found deceased in the hospital; an autopsy confirmed his cause of death as <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Department of Justice criticized the hospital's care of Perez and his health, to which the hospital responded with a list of twenty-five significant improvements that had been implemented, including "enhanced patient monitoring, increased medical and nursing staff levels, and new standards for dispensing medication."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257–258_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257–258-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009–present:_Reconstruction"><span id="2009.E2.80.93present:_Reconstruction"></span>2009–present: Reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2009–present: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Oregon_State_Hospital_(5577834481).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Oregon_State_Hospital_%285577834481%29.jpg/220px-The_Oregon_State_Hospital_%285577834481%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Oregon_State_Hospital_%285577834481%29.jpg/330px-The_Oregon_State_Hospital_%285577834481%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Oregon_State_Hospital_%285577834481%29.jpg/440px-The_Oregon_State_Hospital_%285577834481%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Hospital campus during construction in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Amidst the public and federal criticisms against the hospital,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b258_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b258-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the board and trustees put forth a $458 million plan approved by the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Legislative_Assembly" title="Oregon Legislative Assembly">Oregon Legislative Assembly</a> in 2007, which called for the construction of a replacement hospital in Salem with as many as 620 beds, as well as a 360-bed facility in <a href="/wiki/Junction_City,_Oregon" title="Junction City, Oregon">Junction City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-opb_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opb-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portions of the dilapidated, 125-year-old main Kirkbride building were torn down and replaced beginning in September 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a8_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a8-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, the entire hospital campus was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a8_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a8-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the new Salem facility began in 2009, and was completed around 2011; with the Junction City facility being completed in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-opb_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opb-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salem mayor Janet Taylor has called for the number of beds to be reduced to 320 or fewer, and another hospital facility to be built in or near Portland.<sup id="cite_ref-Oreg-Taylor_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oreg-Taylor-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a 2008 excavation, artifacts from a frontier homestead were uncovered on the grounds of the Oregon State Hospital campus. Recovered items included earthen dishes, glass windows, a canning jar and a lamp chimney. Further excavation will be required to determine if the artifacts are connected to the 1852 homestead of Morgan L. "Lute" Savage.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction on the new hospital was completed in 2012, with capacity increased to 620 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital also created room for the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Mental_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Mental Health">Museum of Mental Health</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is located in the Kirkbride Building but it is operated by a non-profit organization that is separate from the hospital administration. It includes history about many of the discontinued practices that are no longer considered proper treatment for mental illnesses as well as updates on current practices.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2022, the hospital settled a lawsuit with disability rights advocates addressing overcrowding at the new hospital, resulting in a federal injunction against new admissions when the hospital is overcrowded.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simultaneously, a state court held the hospital in contempt for failing to admit patients referred to the hospital by state courts.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funding for the lawsuit and settlement, however, came from nonprofits via the Oregon Health Authority which also oversees the State Hospital, so it appears the State of Oregon is suing itself to force policy changes via the federal courts resisted by local district attorneys. Also in 2022, a "contract employee" at the hospital was found abusing a patient - punching the patient several times in the head; however, a training document obtained by The Lund Report hinted the contract employee may have been an inexperienced member of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon National Guard">Oregon National Guard</a> mobilized to assist in hospital operations due to continued overcrowding.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patients">Patients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Patients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2005 census of the state hospitals in Oregon (in Salem, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Oregon" title="Pendleton, Oregon">Pendleton</a>) listed close to 750 patients.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2005, the state closed the adolescent treatment ward of the Oregon State Hospital,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which now provides services only to people over the age of 18. About two-thirds of the hospital's patients in 2008 had been found guilty of crimes, and also to be insane. Others were a danger to themselves or to others.<sup id="cite_ref-opb_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opb-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_and_personnel">Administration and personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administration and personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stan Mazur-Hart was the hospital's administrator from 1991 to 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by Marvin Fickle, who served from 2004 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greg Roberts served as the Superintendent from 2008 to 2018, with deputy Superintendent Nena Strickland was an Interim Superintendent of Oregon State Hospital (effective April 2, 2010); Strickland succeeded Roy J. Orr, who resigned at the request of Richard Harris, then Deputy Director of Addictions and Mental Health, following the release of a state report which concluded that the hospital failed to provide adequate care and treatment for patient Moises Perez. Orr had been Superintendent since February 25, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b256_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b256-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris, head of Oregon Health Authority's Addictions and Mental Health Division,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> held responsibility for state hospitals in Salem, Portland and Pendleton, in addition to the staff who work with county governments to deliver statewide mental-health and addiction services.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 1, 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_Authority" title="Oregon Health Authority">Oregon Health Authority</a> announced the appointment of Dolores Matteucci as the hospital's new superintendent.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The hospital was used as a primary filming location for <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-winning 1975 film <i><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NTHP_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTHP-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-johnson_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, photographer <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Mark" title="Mary Ellen Mark">Mary Ellen Mark</a> and writer Kay Folger Jacobs were commissioned by <i>The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Gazette">Pennsylvania Gazette</a></i> to do a story on the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark and Folger spent over a month living in a security ward amongst female patients, chronicled in "Ward 81," a collection of photographs published by Mark.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b244_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b244-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_patients">Notable patients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable patients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brautigan" title="Richard Brautigan">Richard Brautigan</a>, American novelist, poet and short story writer<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brudos" title="Jerry Brudos">Jerry Brudos</a>, serial killer<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeAutremont_Brothers" title="DeAutremont Brothers">Roy DeAutremont</a>, bank robber, was lobotomized at the hospital<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a65_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a65-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Weaver_III" title="Ward Weaver III">Ward Weaver III</a>, murderer<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b253_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b253-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairview_Training_Center" title="Fairview Training Center">Fairview Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital_Historic_District" title="Oregon State Hospital Historic District">Oregon State Hospital Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Hospital_for_the_Insane" title="Oregon Hospital for the Insane">Oregon Hospital for the Insane (Portland)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of the 2013 re-construction, the hospital houses 620 beds. However, throughout its history, the hospital had a varying bed count, peaking at 2,974 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Old glass manufactured with <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> turns purple in the sun. Historical background available at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandnet.com/~jar/streetscapes/topics/prisms.htm"><i>Walking Over History: Victoria's Historic Sidewalk Prisms</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a104-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a104_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oshmuseum.org/a-visit-to-the-oregon-state-hospital-1916/">"A Visit to the Oregon State Hospital"</a>. <i>Oregon State Hospital Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201022833/https://oshmuseum.org/a-visit-to-the-oregon-state-hospital-1916/">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+State+Hospital+Museum&rft.atitle=A+Visit+to+the+Oregon+State+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foshmuseum.org%2Fa-visit-to-the-oregon-state-hospital-1916%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a129-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a129_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a129_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a7-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a7_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a7_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1764454">"IMDB:Library of Dust"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190908171904/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1764454/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=IMDB%3ALibrary+of+Dust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1764454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oprd-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oprd_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/OPRD/HCD/NATREG/docs/oregon_nr_list.pdf">"Oregon National Register List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. State of Oregon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609105953/http://www.oregon.gov/OPRD/HCD/NATREG/docs/oregon_nr_list.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+National+Register+List&rft.pub=State+of+Oregon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2FOPRD%2FHCD%2FNATREG%2Fdocs%2Foregon_nr_list.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a12-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a12_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts,_Michelle2004" class="citation web cs1">Roberts, Michelle (October 31, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cartercenter.org/health/mental_health/archive/documents/shadows_roberts.html">"Years in the Shadows"</a>. <i>The Oregonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052958/http://www.cartercenter.org/health/mental_health/archive/documents/shadows_roberts.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span> – via The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Years+in+the+Shadows&rft.date=2004-10-31&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cartercenter.org%2Fhealth%2Fmental_health%2Farchive%2Fdocuments%2Fshadows_roberts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a13-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a13_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a15-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a15_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b42-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b42_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a16-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a16_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a16_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a21-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a21_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a21_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a20-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a20_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b22_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mhp-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mhp_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mhp_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mhp_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mhp_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mentalhealthportland.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/The-History-of-the-Oregon-State-Hospital-from-1883-2012.pdf">"The History of the Oregon State Hospital from 1883-2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Mental Health Portland</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222064335/http://www.mentalhealthportland.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/The-History-of-the-Oregon-State-Hospital-from-1883-2012.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mental+Health+Portland&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Oregon+State+Hospital+from+1883-2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mentalhealthportland.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F04%2FThe-History-of-the-Oregon-State-Hospital-from-1883-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a11-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a11_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a11_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esteve, Harry. Capitol scene 2001 Oregon Legislature. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a></i>, January 8, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816131311/http://library.state.or.us/repository/2010/201006141441511/index.pdf">"Oregon State Hospital - Salem, Historic Review. Narrow-Gauge Rail Lines and Building 73"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.state.or.us/repository/2010/201006141441511/index.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+State+Hospital+-+Salem%2C+Historic+Review.+Narrow-Gauge+Rail+Lines+and+Building+73&rft.date=2009-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.state.or.us%2Frepository%2F2010%2F201006141441511%2Findex.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b230-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b230_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKullgren2014" class="citation news cs1">Kullgren, Ian K. (July 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091906/http://photos.oregonlive.com/oregonian/2014/07/pl_oshmuseum.html">"Photos from the Oregonian"</a>. <i>The Oregonian</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photos.oregonlive.com/oregonian/2014/07/pl_oshmuseum.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Photos+from+the+Oregonian&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft.aulast=Kullgren&rft.aufirst=Ian+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphotos.oregonlive.com%2Foregonian%2F2014%2F07%2Fpl_oshmuseum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArchitectural_Resources_Group20099–15-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArchitectural_Resources_Group20099–15_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArchitectural_Resources_Group2009">Architectural Resources Group 2009</a>, pp. 9–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a31-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a31_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a31_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a23-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a23_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiennial_Report189715-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiennial_Report189715_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBiennial_Report1897">Biennial Report 1897</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oshmuseum.org/eastern-oregon-state-hospital/">"Eastern Oregon State Hospital"</a>. <i>Oregon State Hospital Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826211748/http://oshmuseum.org/eastern-oregon-state-hospital/">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+State+Hospital+Museum&rft.atitle=Eastern+Oregon+State+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foshmuseum.org%2Feastern-oregon-state-hospital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b110-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b110_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a63-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a63_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a63_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a64-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a64_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a81_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a82-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a82_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a82_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements,_Kathleen_Carlson" class="citation web cs1">Clements, Kathleen Carlson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salemhistory.net/brief_history/state_hospital_poisoning.htm">"467 Poisoned at Oregon State Hospital"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160718173156/http://www.salemhistory.net/brief_history/state_hospital_poisoning.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2016</span> – via Salem Online History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=467+Poisoned+at+Oregon+State+Hospital&rft.au=Clements%2C+Kathleen+Carlson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salemhistory.net%2Fbrief_history%2Fstate_hospital_poisoning.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/04/obituaries/unsuspecting-poisoner-of-47-at-a-hospital-in-1942-is-dead.html">"Unsuspecting Poisoner of 47 At a Hospital in 1942 Is Dead"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 4, 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820204404/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/04/obituaries/unsuspecting-poisoner-of-47-at-a-hospital-in-1942-is-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Unsuspecting+Poisoner+of+47+At+a+Hospital+in+1942+Is+Dead&rft.date=1983-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F10%2F04%2Fobituaries%2Funsuspecting-poisoner-of-47-at-a-hospital-in-1942-is-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a88-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a88_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a96_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b23-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b23_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b23_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a62-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a62_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255,_257,_258-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255,_257,_258_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, pp. 255, 257, 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b255_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NTHP-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NTHP_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NTHP_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaltrust.org/magazine/archives/arc_news_2005/062905.htm">National Trust for Historic Preservation story: "Oregon Hospital Receives Bad Diagnosis"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928230541/http://www.nationaltrust.org/magazine/archives/arc_news_2005/062905.htm">Archived</a> September 28, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyne,_Barry-Lee2006" class="citation web cs1">Coyne, Barry-Lee (August 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salem-news.com/articles/august062006/deq_fines_8606.php">"DEQ Issues Fine to Oregon State Hospital For Two Asbestos Violations"</a>. <i>Salem News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115124721/http://www.salem-news.com/articles/august062006/deq_fines_8606.php">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salem+News&rft.atitle=DEQ+Issues+Fine+to+Oregon+State+Hospital+For+Two+Asbestos+Violations&rft.date=2006-08-06&rft.au=Coyne%2C+Barry-Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salem-news.com%2Farticles%2Faugust062006%2Fdeq_fines_8606.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ceasar-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ceasar_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceasar_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeasar,_Stephen2011" class="citation web cs1">Ceasar, Stephen (May 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-may-13-la-na-cremated-remains-20110514-story.html">"Shelves of forgotten souls"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910062746/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/13/nation/la-na-cremated-remains-20110514">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Shelves+of+forgotten+souls&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft.au=Ceasar%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fla-xpm-2011-may-13-la-na-cremated-remains-20110514-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttigDoug_Bates2005" class="citation news cs1">Attig, Rick; Doug Bates (January 9, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930035224/http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2006/editorial-writing/works/oregonian01.html">"All the lonely people"</a>. <i>The Oregonian</i>. 2006 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Editorial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2006/editorial-writing/works/oregonian01.html">the original</a> on September 30, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=All+the+lonely+people&rft.date=2005-01-09&rft.aulast=Attig&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.au=Doug+Bates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fyear%2F2006%2Feditorial-writing%2Fworks%2Foregonian01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kershaw, Sarah, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/14/national/14remains.html?ex=1268542800&en=16645466f5338a04&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt">"Long-Forgotten Reminders of Oregon's Mentally Ill"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201022937/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/14/us/longforgotten-reminders-of-oregons-mentally-ill.html">Archived</a> February 1, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, March 14, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-memorial-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-memorial_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-memorial_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtiyeh,_Meagan" class="citation web cs1">Atiyeh, Meagan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregon.gov/oha/osh/Documents/OSH-Memorial-Booklet.pdf">"Oregon State Hospital Memorial"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oregon.gov</i>. Oregon Arts Commission. pp. 1–15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420134019/http://www.oregon.gov/oha/osh/Documents/OSH-Memorial-Booklet.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon.gov&rft.atitle=Oregon+State+Hospital+Memorial&rft.pages=1-15&rft.au=Atiyeh%2C+Meagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2Foha%2Fosh%2FDocuments%2FOSH-Memorial-Booklet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKullgren2014" class="citation web cs1">Kullgren, Ian K. (July 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/07/missing_dead_1500_from_oregon.html">"Missing dead: 1,500 from old Oregon State Hospital cemetery in Salem can't be found"</a>. <i>The Oregonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140906232102/http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/07/missing_dead_1500_from_oregon.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Missing+dead%3A+1%2C500+from+old+Oregon+State+Hospital+cemetery+in+Salem+can%27t+be+found&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft.aulast=Kullgren&rft.aufirst=Ian+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F07%2Fmissing_dead_1500_from_oregon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opb-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opb_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opb_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opb_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opb_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehman2008" class="citation news cs1">Lehman, Chris (February 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.opb.org/article/state-needs-new-hospital-and-new-sysem-care/">"State Needs Both A New Hospital and a New System of Care"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon Public Broadcasting</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620042903/http://news.opb.org/article/state-needs-new-hospital-and-new-sysem-care/">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Public+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=State+Needs+Both+A+New+Hospital+and+a+New+System+of+Care&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.opb.org%2Farticle%2Fstate-needs-new-hospital-and-new-sysem-care%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oreg-Taylor-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oreg-Taylor_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oreg-Taylor_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182251/http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2008/02/salem_mayor_gives_up_fight_aga.html">"Salem Mayor gives up fight against state hospital site"</a>. <i>The Oregonian</i>. Associated Press. February 18, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2008/02/salem_mayor_gives_up_fight_aga.html">the original</a> on March 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Salem+Mayor+gives+up+fight+against+state+hospital+site&rft.date=2008-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F02%2Fsalem_mayor_gives_up_fight_aga.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257–258-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b257–258_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, pp. 257–258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b258-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b258_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a8-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a8_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a8_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bendbulletin.com/news/1487545-151/artifacts-found-at-oregon-state-hospital-could-date">"Artifacts found at Oregon State Hospital could date to 1850s"</a>. <i>The Bend Bulletin</i>. The Associated Press. March 31, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106222619/https://www.bendbulletin.com/news/1487545-151/artifacts-found-at-oregon-state-hospital-could-date">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bend+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Artifacts+found+at+Oregon+State+Hospital+could+date+to+1850s&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bendbulletin.com%2Fnews%2F1487545-151%2Fartifacts-found-at-oregon-state-hospital-could-date&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museum-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museum_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2012" class="citation news cs1">Cole, Michelle (October 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/10/new_oregon_mental_health_museu.html#incart_river_default">"New Oregon mental health museum gives voice, revisits old truths"</a>. <i>The Oregonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022043631/http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/10/new_oregon_mental_health_museu.html#incart_river_default">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=New+Oregon+mental+health+museum+gives+voice%2C+revisits+old+truths&rft.date=2012-10-06&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F10%2Fnew_oregon_mental_health_museu.html%23incart_river_default&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2022" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Conrad (November 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/article/2022/11/21/federal-court-case-patient-stay-limits-at-oregon-state-hospital/">"New limits on Oregon State Hospital to be tested in court"</a>. <i>Oregon Public Broadcasting</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Public+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=New+limits+on+Oregon+State+Hospital+to+be+tested+in+court&rft.date=2022-11-21&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Farticle%2F2022%2F11%2F21%2Ffederal-court-case-patient-stay-limits-at-oregon-state-hospital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2021" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Conrad (October 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/article/2021/10/25/judge-increases-fines-pressure-on-oregon-state-hospital-as-it-fails-to-admit-defendants/">"Judge increases fines, pressure on Oregon State Hospital as it fails to admit defendants"</a>. <i>Oregon Public Broadcasting</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Public+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Judge+increases+fines%2C+pressure+on+Oregon+State+Hospital+as+it+fails+to+admit+defendants&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Farticle%2F2021%2F10%2F25%2Fjudge-increases-fines-pressure-on-oregon-state-hospital-as-it-fails-to-admit-defendants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBotkin" class="citation news cs1">Botkin, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelundreport.org/content/oregon-state-hospital-patient-punched-head-altercation-staff%C2%A0">"Oregon State Hospital Patient Punched In Head In Altercation With Staff"</a>. <i>The Lund Report</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lund+Report&rft.atitle=Oregon+State+Hospital+Patient+Punched+In+Head+In+Altercation+With+Staff&rft.aulast=Botkin&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelundreport.org%2Fcontent%2Foregon-state-hospital-patient-punched-head-altercation-staff%25C2%25A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050311004036/http://www.dhs.state.or.us/mentalhealth/data/daily%20reports/DAILY2.HTML">"FOCUS Report"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhs.state.or.us/mentalhealth/data/daily%20reports/DAILY2.HTML">the original</a> on March 11, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FOCUS+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.state.or.us%2Fmentalhealth%2Fdata%2Fdaily%2520reports%2FDAILY2.HTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210050757/http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/pages/news/2005news/2005-0126a.aspx">"DHS news release"</a>. <i>Department of Human Services</i>. State of Oregon. January 26, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/pages/news/2005news/2005-0126a.aspx">the original</a> on December 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Human+Services&rft.atitle=DHS+news+release&rft.date=2005-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2Fdhs%2Fpages%2Fnews%2F2005news%2F2005-0126a.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/news/2003news/2003-0721.shtml">Oregon DHS: News release, OSH superintendent resignation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070214041645/http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/news/2003news/2003-0721.shtml">Archived</a> February 14, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/news/2007news/2007-0821b.shtml">ODHS news release 8/21/07, Fickle retire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080204021853/http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/news/2007news/2007-0821b.shtml">Archived</a> February 4, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b256-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b256_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151220195623/http://www.oregon.gov/oha/osh/pages/index.aspx">"Oregon State Hospital - Overview"</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/osh/Pages/overview.aspx">the original</a> on December 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+State+Hospital+-+Overview&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2Foha%2Famh%2Fosh%2FPages%2Foverview.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/news/tools/bios.shtml">Oregon DHS: Reporter tools – Leader biographies and photos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409160234/http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/news/tools/bios.shtml">Archived</a> April 9, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180222005244/http://www.oregon.gov/oha/OSH/Pages/Featured-Stories.aspx?View=%7BE2E4BF83-74DA-4AD1-95C5-1A15482D8522%7D&SelectedID=47">"Dolly Matteucci to become new superintendent of Oregon State Hospital"</a>. <i>Oregon Health Authority</i>. February 1, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/oha/OSH/Pages/Featured-Stories.aspx?View=%7bE2E4BF83-74DA-4AD1-95C5-1A15482D8522%7d&SelectedID=47">the original</a> on February 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Health+Authority&rft.atitle=Dolly+Matteucci+to+become+new+superintendent+of+Oregon+State+Hospital&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2Foha%2FOSH%2FPages%2FFeatured-Stories.aspx%3FView%3D%257bE2E4BF83-74DA-4AD1-95C5-1A15482D8522%257d%26SelectedID%3D47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-johnson_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson,_Kirk2013" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Kirk (March 31, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/01/us/cuckoos-nest-hospital-is-now-a-museum.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2B2A486EE57AFE31F12A80B986387125&gwt=pay">"Once a 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Now a Museum"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216040837/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/01/us/cuckoos-nest-hospital-is-now-a-museum.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2B2A486EE57AFE31F12A80B986387125&gwt=pay">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Once+a+%27Cuckoo%27s+Nest%2C%27+Now+a+Museum&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F01%2Fus%2Fcuckoos-nest-hospital-is-now-a-museum.html%3F_r%3D0%26mtrref%3Dundefined%26gwh%3D2B2A486EE57AFE31F12A80B986387125%26gwt%3Dpay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauser,_Kitty2016" class="citation web cs1">Hauser, Kitty (March 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/mary-ellen-mark-ward-81-oregon-state-hospital/news-story/ca80f38c2f3d3f644fefbf1eb7c1b3ac">"Mary Ellen Mark: Ward 81, Oregon State Hospital"</a>. <i>The Australian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118102928/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/mary-ellen-mark-ward-81-oregon-state-hospital/news-story/ca80f38c2f3d3f644fefbf1eb7c1b3ac">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Mary+Ellen+Mark%3A+Ward+81%2C+Oregon+State+Hospital&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft.au=Hauser%2C+Kitty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Farts%2Freview%2Fmary-ellen-mark-ward-81-oregon-state-hospital%2Fnews-story%2Fca80f38c2f3d3f644fefbf1eb7c1b3ac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b244-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b244_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrelow,_Mike" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Strelow, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/richard_brautigan_1935_1989_/#.WQ_q5FKZPu0">"Richard Brautigan (1935-1989)"</a>. <i>The Oregon Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170521050559/https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/richard_brautigan_1935_1989_/#.WQ_q5FKZPu0">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+Brautigan+%281935-1989%29&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Encyclopedia&rft.au=Strelow%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Frichard_brautigan_1935_1989_%2F%23.WQ_q5FKZPu0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul,_Alex2009" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Alex (April 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazettetimes.com/news/local/focus/portrait-of-a-killer/article_9120448f-26b4-596c-a24c-2706f4a09972.html">"Portrait of a killer"</a>. <i>The Corvallis Gazette-Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201022807/https://www.gazettetimes.com/news/local/focus/portrait-of-a-killer/article_9120448f-26b4-596c-a24c-2706f4a09972.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Corvallis+Gazette-Times&rft.atitle=Portrait+of+a+killer&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft.au=Paul%2C+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazettetimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Ffocus%2Fportrait-of-a-killer%2Farticle_9120448f-26b4-596c-a24c-2706f4a09972.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a65-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013a65_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a">Goeres-Gardner 2013a</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b253-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoeres-Gardner2013b253_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b">Goeres-Gardner 2013b</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchitectural_Resources_Group2009" class="citation journal cs1">Architectural Resources Group, Inc. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.state.or.us/repository/2010/201006141441511/index.pdf">"Narrow-Gauge Rail Lines and Building 73"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oregon State Hospital–Salem Historical Review</i>. Oregon State Department of Human Services.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+State+Hospital%E2%80%93Salem+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Narrow-Gauge+Rail+Lines+and+Building+73&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Architectural+Resources+Group%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.state.or.us%2Frepository%2F2010%2F201006141441511%2Findex.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiennial_Report1897" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m9cYAQAAIAAJ&q=oregon+state+hospital">Biennial Report: Oregon State Insane Asylum</a> (Report). Salem, Oregon: W.H. Leeds. 1987 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Biennial+Report%3A+Oregon+State+Insane+Asylum&rft.place=Salem%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=W.H.+Leeds&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm9cYAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Doregon%2Bstate%2Bhospital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a" class="citation book cs1">Goeres-Gardner, Diane L. (2013a). <i>Oregon Asylum</i>. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-738-59988-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-738-59988-5"><bdi>978-0-738-59988-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oregon+Asylum&rft.series=Images+of+America&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-738-59988-5&rft.aulast=Goeres-Gardner&rft.aufirst=Diane+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b" class="citation book cs1">Goeres-Gardner, Diane L. (2013b). <i>Inside Oregon State Hospital: A History of Tragedy and Triumph</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_History_Press" title="The History Press">The History Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-626-19040-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-626-19040-5"><bdi>978-1-626-19040-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Oregon+State+Hospital%3A+A+History+of+Tragedy+and+Triumph&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-626-19040-5&rft.aulast=Goeres-Gardner&rft.aufirst=Diane+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oregon_State_Hospital" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Oregon State Hospital">Oregon State Hospital</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/osh/pages/index.aspx">Oregon State Hospital official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/oregonstatehospitalnumbers/">Oregon State Hospital Patient Phone Numbers</a></li></ul> <p><b>Research resources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/Pages/state_admin_schedules.aspx">"Oregon State Hospital – Agency History"</a>. <i>Oregon Blue Book (Online)</i>. Salem, Oregon: Oregon Secretary of State. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Blue+Book+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Oregon+State+Hospital+%E2%80%93+Agency+History&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.oregon.gov%2Farchives%2FPages%2Fstate_admin_schedules.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOregon+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130203221849/http://www.statesmanjournal.com/section/OSH/Oregon-State-Hospital">Rebuilding an Institution</a>, the <i>Statesman Journal'</i>s Oregon State Hospital Coverage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mentalhealthportland.org/?page_id=539">Mental Health Association of Portland</a> page about OSH cremains</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salemhistory.net/places/state_hospital.htm">Oregon State Hospital history</a> from Salem Public Library</li></ul> <p><b>Photographs</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photos.salemhistory.net/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/max&CISOBOX1=Insane">Historic images of Oregon State Hospital</a> from Salem Public Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryellenmark.com/books/titles/ward_81/300B-001-022_ward81_520.html">"Ward 81"</a>, a 1976 collection of photographs taken in a women's ward of the hospital by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Mark" title="Mary Ellen Mark">Mary Ellen Mark</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222032701/http://www.davidmaisel.com/works/picture.asp?cat=asy&tl=asylum">Photos of hospital interior</a>: "Asylum" photo essay by <a href="/wiki/David_Maisel_(visual_artist)" title="David Maisel (visual artist)">David Maisel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213092429/http://www.davidmaisel.com/works/picture.asp?cat=lod&tl=library%20of%20dust">Photos of cremains cans</a>: "Library of Dust" photo essay by David Maisel</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hospitals_in_Oregon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hospitals_in_Oregon" title="Template:Hospitals in Oregon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hospitals_in_Oregon" title="Template talk:Hospitals in Oregon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hospitals_in_Oregon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hospitals in Oregon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hospitals_in_Oregon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Oregon" title="List of hospitals in Oregon">Hospitals in Oregon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portland metropolitan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Medical Center">Adventist Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Doernbecher_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Doernbecher Children's Hospital">Doernbecher Children's Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro_Medical_Center" title="Hillsboro Medical Center">Hillsboro Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Sunnyside_Medical_Center" title="Kaiser Sunnyside Medical Center">Kaiser Sunnyside Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Westside_Medical_Center" title="Kaiser Westside Medical Center">Kaiser Westside Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Emanuel_Medical_Center" title="Legacy Emanuel Medical Center">Legacy Emanuel Medical Center</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Randall_Children%27s_Hospital_at_Legacy_Emanuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel">Randall Children's Hospital</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Meridian_Park_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Legacy Meridian Park Hospital">Legacy Meridian Park Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Mount_Hood_Medical_Center" title="Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center">Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Medical_Center" title="Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center">Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portland_Shriners_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland Shriners Hospital">Portland Shriners Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_Milwaukie_Hospital" title="Providence Milwaukie Hospital">Providence Milwaukie Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_Newberg_Medical_Center" title="Providence Newberg Medical Center">Providence Newberg Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_Portland_Medical_Center" title="Providence Portland Medical Center">Providence Portland Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_St._Vincent_Medical_Center" title="Providence St. Vincent Medical Center">Providence St. Vincent Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_Willamette_Falls_Medical_Center" title="Providence Willamette Falls Medical Center">Providence Willamette Falls Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tuality_Forest_Grove_Hospital" title="Tuality Forest Grove Hospital">Tuality Forest Grove Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Valley_Medical_Center" title="Willamette Valley Medical Center">Willamette Valley Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Affairs_Medical_Center_(Oregon)" title="Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Oregon)">Veterans Affairs Medical Center</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Willamette Valley</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cottage_Grove_Community_Hospital" title="Cottage Grove Community Hospital">Cottage Grove Community Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Good_Samaritan_Regional_Medical_Center_(Oregon)" title="Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center (Oregon)">Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/McKenzie-Willamette_Medical_Center" title="McKenzie-Willamette Medical Center">McKenzie-Willamette Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Medical_Center_at_RiverBend" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Medical Center at RiverBend">Sacred Heart Medical Center at RiverBend</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Medical_Center_University_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Medical Center University District">Sacred Heart Medical Center University District</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salem_Hospital_(Oregon)" title="Salem Hospital (Oregon)">Salem Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Albany_General_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Albany General Hospital">Samaritan Albany General Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Lebanon_Community_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Lebanon Community Hospital">Samaritan Lebanon Community Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiam_Hospital" title="Santiam Hospital">Santiam Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Silverton_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverton Hospital">Silverton Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Valley_Hospital_(Oregon)" title="West Valley Hospital (Oregon)">West Valley Hospital</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oregon Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_Area_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay Area Hospital (page does not exist)">Bay Area Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Memorial_Hospital_(Oregon)" title="Columbia Memorial Hospital (Oregon)">Columbia Memorial Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Curry_General_Hospital" title="Curry General Hospital">Curry General Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coquille_Valley_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coquille Valley Hospital (page does not exist)">Coquille Valley Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peace_Harbor_Hospital" title="Peace Harbor Hospital">Peace Harbor Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Umpqua_Hospital_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Umpqua Hospital District (page does not exist)">Lower Umpqua Hospital District</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_Seaside_Hospital" title="Providence Seaside Hospital">Providence Seaside Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_North_Lincoln_Hospital" title="Samaritan North Lincoln Hospital">Samaritan North Lincoln Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pacific_Communities_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Pacific Communities Hospital">Samaritan Pacific Communities Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Coos_Hospital_and_Health_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Coos Hospital and Health Center (page does not exist)">Southern Coos Hospital and Health Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tillamook_County_General_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillamook County General Hospital">Tillamook County General Hospital</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Oregon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ashland_Community_Hospital_(Oregon)" title="Ashland Community Hospital (Oregon)">Ashland Community Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Asante_Three_Rivers_Medical_Center" title="Asante Three Rivers Medical Center">Asante Three Rivers Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Medical_Center_(Roseburg,_Oregon)" title="Mercy Medical Center (Roseburg, Oregon)">Mercy Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Medford_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providence Medford Medical Center (page does not exist)">Providence Medford Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Regional_Medical_Center" title="Rogue Regional Medical Center">Rogue Regional Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterans_Affairs_Roseburg_Healthcare_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterans Affairs Roseburg Healthcare System (page does not exist)">Veterans Affairs Roseburg Healthcare System</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Oregon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountain_Hospital" title="Blue Mountain Hospital">Blue Mountain Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Oregon_Psychiatric_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Oregon Psychiatric Center (page does not exist)">Eastern Oregon Psychiatric Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Good_Shepherd_Healthcare_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Good Shepherd Healthcare System (page does not exist)">Good Shepherd Healthcare System</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grande_Ronde_Hospital" title="Grande Ronde Hospital">Grande Ronde Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harney_District_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harney District Hospital (page does not exist)">Harney District Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Rosary_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Rosary Medical Center (page does not exist)">Holy Rosary Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lake_District_Hospital" title="Lake District Hospital">Lake District Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mid-Columbia_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Columbia Medical Center">Mid-Columbia Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Memorial_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pioneer Memorial Hospital (page does not exist)">Pioneer Memorial Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Hood_River_Memorial_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providence Hood River Memorial Hospital (page does not exist)">Providence Hood River Memorial Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Anthony_Hospital_(Pendleton,_Oregon)" title="St. Anthony Hospital (Pendleton, Oregon)">St. Anthony Hospital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Medical_Center_%E2%80%93_Bend" title="St. Charles Medical Center – Bend">St. Charles Medical Center – Bend</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Medical_Center_%E2%80%93_Madras" title="St. Charles Medical Center – Madras">St. Charles Medical Center – Madras</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Medical_Center_%E2%80%93_Redmond" title="St. Charles Medical Center – Redmond">St. Charles Medical Center – Redmond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeth_Health_Services" title="St. Elizabeth Health Services">St. Elizabeth Health Services</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Lakes_Medical_Center" title="Sky Lakes Medical Center">Sky Lakes Medical Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallowa_Memorial_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallowa Memorial Hospital (page does not exist)">Wallowa Memorial Hospital</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychiatric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oregon State Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research & teaching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_%26_Science_University_Hospital" title="Oregon Health & Science University Hospital">Oregon Health & Science University Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Kaiser_Hospital" title="Bess Kaiser Hospital">Bess Kaiser Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dammasch_State_Hospital" title="Dammasch State Hospital">Dammasch State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastmoreland_Hospital" title="Eastmoreland Hospital">Eastmoreland Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview_Training_Center" title="Fairview Training Center">Fairview Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Lake_Hotel" title="Hot Lake Hotel">Hot Lake Sanitorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Holladay_Park_Medical_Center" title="Legacy Holladay Park Medical Center">Legacy Holladay Park Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Hospital_(Oregon)" title="Morningside Hospital (Oregon)">Morningside Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Hospital_for_the_Insane" title="Oregon Hospital for the Insane">Oregon Hospital for the Insane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Tuberculosis_Hospital" title="Oregon State Tuberculosis Hospital">Oregon State Tuberculosis Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Tuberculosis_Hospital" title="University Tuberculosis Hospital">University Tuberculosis Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Park_Hospital" title="Woodland Park Hospital">Woodland Park Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Charles_Bend_strike" title="2021 St. Charles Bend strike">2021 St. Charles Bend strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Kirkbride_Plan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kirkbride_Plan" title="Template:Kirkbride Plan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kirkbride_Plan" title="Template talk:Kirkbride Plan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kirkbride_Plan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kirkbride Plan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Kirkbride_Plan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kirkbride_Plan" title="Kirkbride Plan">The Kirkbride Plan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Story_Kirkbride" title="Thomas Story Kirkbride">Thomas Story Kirkbride</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sloan_(architect)" title="Samuel Sloan (architect)">Samuel Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Boyden" title="Elbridge Boyden">Elbridge Boyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Jeremiah_Bradlee" title="Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee">Nathaniel Bradlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Haskell" title="John G. Haskell">John G. Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Scofield" title="Levi Scofield">Levi Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepley,_Rutan_and_Coolidge" title="Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge">Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Snowden_Andrews" title="Richard Snowden Andrews">Richard Snowden Andrews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Psychiatric_Hospital" title="Trenton Psychiatric Hospital">New Jersey State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg_State_Hospital" title="Harrisburg State Hospital">Harrisburg State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton_State_Hospital" title="Taunton State Hospital">Taunton State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_State_Hospital" title="Northampton State Hospital">Northampton State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Pennsylvania_Hospital" title="Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital">Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixmont_State_Hospital" title="Dixmont State Hospital">Dixmont State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_State_Hospital" title="Hudson River State Hospital">Hudson River State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville_State_Hospital" title="Danville State Hospital">Danville State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson_Olmsted_Complex" title="Richardson Olmsted Complex">Buffalo State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_State_Hospital" title="Warren State Hospital">Warren State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greystone_Park_Psychiatric_Hospital" title="Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital">Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_State_Hospital" title="Worcester State Hospital">Worcester State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danvers_State_Hospital" title="Danvers State Hospital">Danvers State Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid-Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_State_Hospital_(Virginia)" title="Central State Hospital (Virginia)">Central State Hospital (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Hospital_Center" title="Spring Grove Hospital Center">Spring Grove Hospital Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_State_Hospital_(Indiana)" title="Central State Hospital (Indiana)">Central State Hospital (Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Developmental_Center" title="Jacksonville Developmental Center">Jacksonville State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ohio_Lunatic_Asylum" title="Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum">Dayton State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendota_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Mendota Mental Health Institute">Wisconsin State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Regional_Psychiatric_Hospital" title="Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital">Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Mount Pleasant Mental Health Institute">Mount Pleasant State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Security_Hospital" title="Minnesota Security Hospital">St. Peter State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_State_Hospital" title="Anna State Hospital">Anna State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Mental_Health_Center" title="Elgin Mental Health Center">Elgin State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osawatomie_State_Hospital" title="Osawatomie State Hospital">Osawatomie State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_State_Hospital" title="Topeka State Hospital">Topeka State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Winnebago Mental Health Institute">Winnebago State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_State_Hospital" title="Independence State Hospital">Independence State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Lunatic_Asylum" title="Athens Lunatic Asylum">Athens Lunatic Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_State_Hospital" title="Columbus State Hospital">Columbus State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Valley_Center" title="Clinton Valley Center">Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee_State_Hospital" title="Kankakee State Hospital">Kankakee State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarinda_Treatment_Complex" title="Clarinda Treatment Complex">Clarinda State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_State_Hospital" title="Traverse City State Hospital">Northern Michigan Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_State_Hospital" title="Nevada State Hospital">Nevada State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Cherokee Mental Health Institute">Cherokee Mental Health Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergus_Falls_Regional_Treatment_Center" title="Fergus Falls Regional Treatment Center">Fergus Falls Regional Treatment Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_State_Hospital_(Kentucky)" title="Western State Hospital (Kentucky)">Western State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson State Hospital">Jackson State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_State_Hospital" title="Austin State Hospital">Austin State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Hospital" title="Bryce Hospital">Bryce Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Allegheny_Lunatic_Asylum" title="Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum">Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_State_Hospital_(Kentucky)" title="Central State Hospital (Kentucky)">Central State Hospital (Kentucky)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton_Hospital" title="Broughton Hospital">Broughton Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_State_Hospital" title="Arkansas State Hospital">Arkansas State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrell_State_Hospital" title="Terrell State Hospital">Terrell State Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnews_Developmental_Center" title="Agnews Developmental Center">Agnews State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Oregon_State_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Oregon State Hospital">Eastern Oregon State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_State_Hospital_(Washington)" title="Eastern State Hospital (Washington)">Eastern Washington State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_State_Hospital" title="Mendocino State Hospital">Mendocino State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_State_Hospital" title="Napa State Hospital">Napa State Hospital</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oregon State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patton_State_Hospital" title="Patton State Hospital">Patton State Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside the U.S.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Hospital" title="Nova Scotia Hospital">Nova Scotia Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callan_Park_Hospital_for_the_Insane" title="Callan Park Hospital for the Insane">Callan Park Hospital for the Insane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7101361#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7101361#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7101361#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000096886360">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143234184">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96069506">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007605577405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&oldid=1240221998">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&oldid=1240221998</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1862_establishments_in_Oregon" title="Category:1862 establishments in Oregon">1862 establishments in Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Salem,_Oregon" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Salem, Oregon">Buildings and structures in Salem, Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Oregon" title="Category:Government of Oregon">Government of Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_1883" title="Category:Hospitals established in 1883">Hospitals established in 1883</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_districts_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Oregon" title="Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon">Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kirkbride_Plan_hospitals" title="Category:Kirkbride Plan hospitals">Kirkbride Plan hospitals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychiatric_hospitals_in_Oregon" title="Category:Psychiatric hospitals in Oregon">Psychiatric hospitals in Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Residential_buildings_completed_in_1883" title="Category:Residential buildings completed in 1883">Residential buildings completed in 1883</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2013" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2013">Use mdy dates from February 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NRHP_infobox_with_nocat" title="Category:NRHP infobox with nocat">NRHP infobox with nocat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 August 2024, at 05:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oregon_State_Hospital&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-67847f4bfd-gd6zh","wgBackendResponseTime":167,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.910","walltime":"1.060","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10156,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":180295,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12578,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":182891,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 925.669 1 -total"," 28.18% 260.818 1 Template:Infobox_NRHP"," 26.31% 243.562 2 Template:Reflist"," 25.22% 233.412 2 Template:Infobox"," 15.95% 147.647 57 Template:Sfn"," 15.30% 141.614 20 Template:Cite_web"," 13.57% 125.617 68 Template:Main_other"," 8.91% 82.465 5 Template:Navbox"," 7.91% 73.180 1 Template:Hospitals_in_Oregon"," 6.43% 59.477 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.538","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11564791,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFArchitectural_Resources_Group2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtiyeh,_Meagan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAttigDoug_Bates2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiennial_Report1897\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBotkin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCeasar,_Stephen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClements,_Kathleen_Carlson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCole2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoyne,_Barry-Lee2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoeres-Gardner2013b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHauser,_Kitty2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson,_Kirk2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKullgren2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLehman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul,_Alex2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts,_Michelle2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrelow,_Mike\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2022\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 20,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 3,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Hospitals in Oregon\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox NRHP\"] = 1,\n [\"Kirkbride Plan\"] = 1,\n [\"Noteslist\"] = 1,\n [\"Open access\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 57,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 2,\n [\"Start date and years ago\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 5,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-hpw5r","timestamp":"20241203074248","ttl":2477836,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Oregon State Hospital","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon_State_Hospital","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7101361","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7101361","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-08-08T23:26:47Z","dateModified":"2024-08-14T05:50:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a6\/OSH-JoshPartee-8840-west-facade.jpg","headline":"hospital in Oregon, United States"}</script> </body> </html>