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<span class="woocommerce-Price-amount amount"><bdi><span class="woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol">$</span>0.00</bdi></span> </a> <ul> <li><div class="widget woocommerce widget_shopping_cart"><div class="widget_shopping_cart_content"></div></div></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <a href="#top" class="nav-close"><span>Return to Content</span></a> </nav>  <div id="content" class="col-full"> <div id="main-sidebar-container">  <section id="main"> <div class="disclaimer">Dear Reader, we make this and other articles available for free online to serve those unable to afford or access the print edition of <em>Monthly Review</em>. If you read the magazine online and can afford a print subscription, we hope you will consider purchasing one. <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/press/subscriptions/">Please visit the MR store for subscription options</a>. Thank you very much. <span class="fillerauthorname">—Eds.</span></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/reprise/" rel="tag">Reprise</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-197858 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13921 category-volume-75-issue-11-april section-reprise geography-global subject-ecology subject-marxism subject-marxist-ecology subject-political-economy subject_geography-ecology subject_geography-geography subject_geography-global subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-marxist-ecology subject_geography-political-economy subject_geography-subject">  <header> <h1 class="title entry-title">The Ecological Crisis of Capitalism and Human Survival</h1> </header>  <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/harrymagdoff/" title="Posts by Harry Magdoff" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harry Magdoff</a> and <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/paulmsweezy/" title="Posts by Paul M. Sweezy" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paul M. Sweezy</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Apr 01, 2024)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ecology/" rel="tag">Ecology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxist-ecology/" rel="tag">Marxist Ecology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/political-economy/" rel="tag">Political Economy</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/global/" rel="tag">Global</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="post-image "> <div class="wp-caption"> <a href="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/A-gas-pipeline-burns-after-a-collision-with-a-barge-and-the-tugboat-Shannon-E.-Setton-near-Perot-Bay-in-Lafourche-Parish-LA-on-March-13-2013.jpg" rel="lightbox" title="The Ecological Crisis of Capitalism and Human Survival"><img src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/A-gas-pipeline-burns-after-a-collision-with-a-barge-and-the-tugboat-Shannon-E.-Setton-near-Perot-Bay-in-Lafourche-Parish-LA-on-March-13-2013-300x300.jpg" alt="A gas pipeline burns after a collision with a barge and the tugboat Shannon E. Setton near Perot Bay in Lafourche Parish, LA on March 13, 2013" width="300" height="300" title="The Ecological Crisis of Capitalism and Human Survival" class="woo-image thumbnail alignnone" /></a>  <p class="wp-caption-text">A gas pipeline burns after a collision with a barge and the tugboat Shannon E. Setton near Perot Bay in Lafourche Parish, LA (30 miles south of New Orleans) on March 13, 2013. (U.S. Coast Guard photo courtesy of Coast Guard Air Station, New Orleans) U.S. Coast Guard District 8. By <a class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/people/28650594@N03" rel="nofollow">DVIDSHUB</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" title="Flickr" href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flickr">Flickr</a>, <a title="Creative Commons Attribution 2.0" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">CC BY 2.0</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25478249">Link</a>.</p>  </div> </div> <section class="entry"> <div class="authorbio"> <p><span class="author-bio-name">Harry Magdoff</span> was coeditor of <i>Monthly Review</i> from 1969 until 2006. <span class="author-bio-name">Paul M. Sweezy</span> was a founding editor of <i>Monthly Review</i> (along with Leo Huberman) and coedited the magazine from 1949 until 2004.</p> <p>This article is taken from the “Notes from the Editors” of the October 1992 issue of <i>Monthly Review.</i></p> </div> <p>There are few well informed people nowadays who do not know that from an ecological point of view the human species is in deep trouble. If things continue to develop as they have over the past fifty years for another century or two鈥攁 very short time by historical standards鈥攊t is virtually certain that civilized life as we know it today will no longer be possible in large parts of the planet and its survival elsewhere will be problematic at best. A few years ago views of this kind would have been generally dismissed as the ravings of ecological extremists. No longer. Statements like the following from an impeccably mainstream source are no longer exceptional: “We cannot continue in our present methods of using energy, managing forests, farming, protecting plant and animal species, managing urban growth, and producing industrial goods. We certainly cannot continue to reproduce our own species at the present rate.” This comes from the prestigious Business Council for Sustainable Development whose members include a representative sample of the top officers of the world’s biggest multinational corporations: Chevron Oil, Mitsubishi, Ciba-Geigy, Dow Chemical, and DuPont, to name a few (Stephen Schmidheiny and the Business Council for Sustainable Development, <i>Changing Course: A Global Business Perspective on Development and the Environment</i>, MIT Press, 1992).</p> <p>It is somewhat surprising that such a sweeping assessment should come from the controlling stratum of society which is responsible for the practices said to be driving us toward disaster. But what is really surprising is that this assessment should be accompanied by a frank admission that those who are responsible and have the power to make changes are the very ones who have the least reason to want to do so. “The painful truth,” according to the Council, “is that the present is a relatively comfortable place for those who have reached positions of mainstream political or business leadership. That is the crux of the problem of sustainable development, and perhaps the main reason why there has been great acceptance of it in principle, but less concrete actions to put it into practice: many of those with the powers to effect the necessary changes have the least motivation to alter the status quo that gave them that power.”</p> <p>This is undoubtedly true as far as it goes. But it clearly does not go far enough. Let us suppose that those who occupy the positions of political and economic power in this society have been not only converted to the doctrine of “sustainable development” but have also overcome their reluctance to make the necessary changes that this requires. Fossil-burning energy industries must be phased out; a transportation system based on the internal combustion engine must be replaced, necessitating a comprehensive relocation of producing and consuming centers; polluting technologies must be banned or reduced to an absolute minimum鈥攖hese are just a few of the most obvious “necessary changes” that would have to be initiated and carried through over a long period of time. Can you really imagine corporate and political leaders starting out to do these things? The chairman of General Motors, for example, appearing before a Senate Committee to urge the necessity of downsizing the automobile industry by some 90 percent? How long would he remain chairman?</p> <p>The point is an important one: what is at issue is not the personal inclinations of those in power but the nature of the power structure that put them there. In this society that structure is based at every level, directly or indirectly, on making profits鈥攏ot in some visionary future, but here and now, today and tomorrow. Those who refuse to play the game are soon eliminated or marginalized. In other words, they can hold onto their power only if they do not try to use it for purposes incompatible with the historically determined nature of the power structure itself.</p> <p>This does not mean of course that no ecologically beneficial changes can be made without changing the nature of the power structure. It is quite possible, for example, that solar energy for many purposes is, or soon will be, cheaper to produce than fossil-fuel energy. If so, replacement is a possibility, though probably only as a result of overcoming determined resistance by the losers. But the reorganization of society to minimize, let alone eliminate, dependence on the automobile would be something entirely different. Such radical changes, and there are certainly many others as urgently needed in the same category, could be realized only with the active and committed support of a new and differently based power structure.</p> <p>For better or worse, this line of reasoning leads to the inescapable conclusion that the kind of power structure that prevails in most of the world today is incapable of meeting the most basic survival needs of the species. And this in turn means that only a change in the nature of power structures on a global scale could bring a realistic hope for the long-term continuation of human civilization.</p> <p>This is obviously not a welcome, let alone popular, view these days. But serious people should be asking not who likes or dislikes it but whether or not it is true. If you think it is not true, please explain why. If you think that it is true, what do you think are the implications?</p> </section> <span class="categories"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/category/2024/" title="View all items in 2024">2024</a>, <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/category/2024/volume-75-issue-11-april/" title="View all items in Volume 75, Number 11 (April 2024)">Volume 75, Number 11 (April 2024)</a></span> <aside id="post-author"> <div class="profile-image"></div> <div class="profile-content"> <h4>About Harry Magdoff</h4> <div class="profile-link"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/harrymagdoff/"> View all posts by Harry Magdoff <span class="meta-nav">→</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="fix"></div> </aside> <aside id="connect"> <h3>Connect</h3> <div > <p>Subscribe to the Monthly Review e-newsletter (max of 1-3 per month).</p>  <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form class="newsletter-form fl" action="//monthlyreview.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=36ce609ae68971b4f060ad9c7&id=4f879628ac" method="post" target="popupwindow" onsubmit="window.open('//monthlyreview.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=36ce609ae68971b4f060ad9c7&id=4f879628ac', 'popupwindow', 'scrollbars=yes,width=650,height=520');return true"> <input type="text" name="EMAIL" class="required email" value="E-mail" id="mce-EMAIL" onfocus="if (this.value == 'E-mail') {this.value = '';}" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'E-mail';}"> <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn submit button"> </form> </div>  <div class="social"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/feed/" class="subscribe" title="RSS"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/monthly_review" class="twitter" title="Twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/monthly.review.magazine" class="facebook" title="Facebook"></a> </div> </div> <div class="fix"></div> </aside> <div class="post-utility"></div> </article> <div class="post-entries"> <div class="nav-prev fl"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/04/01/the-political-economy-of-migration/" rel="prev"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> The Political Economy of Migration</a></div> <div class="nav-next fr"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/04/01/who-owns-this-country/" rel="next">Who owns this ‘country’? <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div> <div class="fix"></div> </div> <div id="comments"><h5 class="nocomments">Comments are closed.</h5></div> </section> <aside id="sidebar"> <div id="crb_related_posts-3" class="widget widget_crb_related_posts"> <div id="related-articles"> <h3>Also in this issue</h3> <ul> <div class="related-post-image"> <picture class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MR-075-11-2024-04-100x146.png.webp"/> <img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MR-075-11-2024-04-100x146.png" alt="Monthly Review Volume 75, Number 11 (April 2024)" decoding="async"/> </picture> </div> <li> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/04/01/mr-075-11-2024-04_0/" rel="bookmark"> April 2024 (Volume 75, Number 11) </a> <span class="coauthors-yarp">, <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/monthlyrevieweditors/" title="Posts by The Editors" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Editors</a></span> </li> <li> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/04/01/extractivism-in-the-anthropocene/" rel="bookmark"> Extractivism in the Anthropocene </a> <span class="coauthors-yarp">, <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/johnbellamyfoster/" title="Posts by John Bellamy Foster" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Bellamy Foster</a></span> </li> <li> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/04/01/on-the-misery-of-left-nietzscheanism-or-philosophy-as-irrationalist-ideology/" rel="bookmark"> On the Misery of Left Nietzscheanism, or Philosophy as Irrationalist Ideology </a> <span class="coauthors-yarp">, <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/matthewsharpe/" title="Posts by Matthew Sharpe" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew Sharpe</a></span> </li> <li> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/04/01/old-age-but-no-rest-a-political-economic-reflection-on-delayed-retirement-policy/" rel="bookmark"> Old Age but No Rest: A Political-Economic Reflection on Delayed Retirement Policy </a> <span class="coauthors-yarp">, <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/caichao/" title="Posts by Cai Chao" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cai Chao</a></span> </li> <li> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/04/01/the-necessity-of-system-change-an-ecological-and-marxian-synthesis/" rel="bookmark"> The Necessity of System Change: An Ecological and Marxian Synthesis </a> <span class="coauthors-yarp">, <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/mgrazianoceddia/" title="Posts by M. 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