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<span>Categories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Categories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Categories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Female_gamer/gamer_girl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_gamer/gamer_girl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Female gamer/gamer girl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_gamer/gamer_girl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types and demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_and_demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types and demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_and_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaymer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaymer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gaymer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaymer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dedication_spectrum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dedication_spectrum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Dedication spectrum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dedication_spectrum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_gamer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_gamer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Professional gamer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_gamer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrogamer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrogamer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Retrogamer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrogamer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_in_taxonomies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_in_taxonomies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Classification in taxonomies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_in_taxonomies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Avatar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clans_and_guilds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clans_and_guilds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Clans and guilds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clans_and_guilds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Identity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Identity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Identity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Casualization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1" title="جيمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geymer" title="Geymer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Geymer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Геймър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геймър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojugador" title="Videojugador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Videojugador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugador_de_videojuegos" title="Jugador de videojuegos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jugador de videojuegos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گیمر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیمر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joueur_de_jeux_vid%C3%A9o" title="Joueur de jeux vidéo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joueur de jeux vidéo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A8%B8" title="게이머 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게이머" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemain_permainan" title="Pemain permainan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemain permainan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="גיימר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיימר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimeris" title="Geimeris – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Geimeris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemain_permainan" title="Pemain permainan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemain permainan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="ゲーマー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲーマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiller_(videospill)" title="Spiller (videospill) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spiller (videospill)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamer" title="Gamer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gamer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Геймер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геймер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱜᱮᱢᱟᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱮᱢᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igri%C4%8Dar" title="Igričar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Igričar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1" title="گەیمەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەیمەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videopelaaja" title="Videopelaaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Videopelaaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamer" title="Gamer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gamer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamer" title="Gamer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gamer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Геймер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геймер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گیمر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیمر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_th%E1%BB%A7" title="Game thủ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Game thủ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6" title="玩家 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玩家" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6" title="玩家 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="玩家" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6" title="玩家 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玩家" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamer"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamer&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamer&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gamer" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gamer" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamer&oldid=1272223387" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamer&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gamer&id=1272223387&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGamer"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGamer"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gamer&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamer&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gamers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5276395" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Gamer.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Someone who plays games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about people who play any type of game, especially video games. For gamblers, see <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">Gambling</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gamer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gamer (disambiguation)">Gamer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Weasel plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Weasel" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">weasel words</a>: vague phrasing that often accompanies <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">biased</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">unverifiable</a> information</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Such statements should be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">clarified or removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_man_posing_with_two_game_controllers,_while_playing_on_his_Xbox_One.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/A_man_posing_with_two_game_controllers%2C_while_playing_on_his_Xbox_One.jpg/250px-A_man_posing_with_two_game_controllers%2C_while_playing_on_his_Xbox_One.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/A_man_posing_with_two_game_controllers%2C_while_playing_on_his_Xbox_One.jpg/330px-A_man_posing_with_two_game_controllers%2C_while_playing_on_his_Xbox_One.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/A_man_posing_with_two_game_controllers%2C_while_playing_on_his_Xbox_One.jpg/500px-A_man_posing_with_two_game_controllers%2C_while_playing_on_his_Xbox_One.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4460" data-file-height="2973" /></a><figcaption>A man posing with two <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">game controllers</a>, while playing on his <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:True_gamer-girl_@vivianepari_playing_God_of_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/True_gamer-girl_%40vivianepari_playing_God_of_War.jpg/220px-True_gamer-girl_%40vivianepari_playing_God_of_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/True_gamer-girl_%40vivianepari_playing_God_of_War.jpg/330px-True_gamer-girl_%40vivianepari_playing_God_of_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/True_gamer-girl_%40vivianepari_playing_God_of_War.jpg/440px-True_gamer-girl_%40vivianepari_playing_God_of_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>A woman playing a video game</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Video_games" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/60px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/120px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game#Platform" title="Video game">Platforms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Console game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld console</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_game" title="Electronic game">Electronic game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_game" title="Audio game">Audio game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">Electronic handheld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">Online game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browser_game" title="Browser game">Browser game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-network_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-network game">Social-network game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile gaming">Mobile game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC_game" title="PC game">PC game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_gaming" title="Mac gaming">Mac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_games" title="Lists of video games">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arcade_video_games" title="List of arcade video games">Arcade games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game#Highest-grossing" title="Arcade video game">highest-grossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_games" title="List of best-selling video games">Best-selling games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_game_franchises" title="List of best-selling video game franchises">franchises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-played_mobile_games_by_player_count" title="List of most-played mobile games by player count">Most-played mobile games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">Games considered the best</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Game_of_the_Year_awards" title="List of Game of the Year awards">Game of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_soundtracks_considered_the_best" title="List of video game soundtracks considered the best">soundtracks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_notable_for_negative_reception" title="List of video games notable for negative reception">Negative reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cancelled_video_games" title="Lists of cancelled video games">Cancelled games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_development" title="Video game development">Development</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_producer" title="Video game producer">Producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design#Game_designer" title="Video game design">Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design#Video_game_artist" title="Game art design">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programmer" title="Video game programmer">Programmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)#Level_design" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programming" title="Video game programming">Programming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_video_games" title="Artificial intelligence in video games">AI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_graphics" title="Video game graphics">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_testing" title="Game testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_games" title="Template:Video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_games" title="Template talk:Video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>gamer</b> is someone who <a href="/wiki/Player_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Player (game)">plays interactive games</a>, either <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>, tabletop <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Role-playing games">role-playing games</a>, skill-based <a href="/wiki/Card_game" title="Card game">card games</a>, or any combination thereof, and who often plays for extended periods of time. Originally a hobby, gaming has evolved into a <a href="/wiki/Professional_gamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional gamer">profession</a> for some, with some gamers routinely competing in games for money, prizes, or awards. In some countries, such as the US, UK, and Australia, the term "gaming" can refer to legalized <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a>, which can take both traditional and digital forms, such as through <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">online gambling</a>. There are many different gamer communities around the world. Since the advent of the Internet, many communities take the form of <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">Internet forums</a> or <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> or <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a> <a href="/wiki/Virtual_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual communities">virtual communities</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Real_life#As_distinct_from_the_Internet" title="Real life">in-person</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Social clubs">social clubs</a>. In 2021, there were an estimated 3.24 billion gamers across the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="What constitutes a "gamer" isn't defined on Statista, and primary sources are paywalled. This is an important number; please clarify, rather than deleting. (November 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The term <i>gamer</i> originally meant <i><a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambler</a></i>, and has been in use since at least 1422, when the town laws of <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a>, England, referred to "any dice-player, carder, tennis player, or other unlawful gamer". However, this description has not been adopted in the United States, where it became associated with other pastimes. In the US, they made their appearance as <a href="/wiki/Wargame" title="Wargame">wargames</a>. Wargames were originally created as a military and strategy tool. When <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i> was released, it was originally marketed as a wargame, but later was described by its creators as a <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing game</a>. They called their players <i>gamers</i> and this is where the word changed definition from someone who gambles to someone who plays <a href="/wiki/Board_game" title="Board game">board games</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-willaert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-willaert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Video_game#Demographics" title="Video game">Video game § Demographics</a></div> <p>In the United States as of 2018, 28% of gamers are under 18, 29% are 18–35, 20% are 36-49 and 23% are over 50.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the UK as of 2014, 29% are under 18, 32% are 18-35 and 39% are over 36.<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_and_Figures_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts_and_Figures-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 49% of adults have played a video game at some point in their life and those who have are more likely to let their children or future children play. Those who play video games regularly are split roughly equally between male and female, but men are more likely to call themselves a gamer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, the average gamer is 33 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Female_gamer/gamer_girl"><span id="Female_gamer.2Fgamer_girl"></span>Female gamer/gamer girl</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_and_video_games" title="Women and video games">Women and video games</a></div> <p>A female gamer, or gamer girl or girl gamer, is any female who regularly engages in playing video games. According to a study conducted by the Entertainment Software Association in 2009, 40% of the game playing population is female, and women 18 or older comprise 34% of all gamers. Also, the percentage of women playing online had risen to 43%, up 4% from 2004. The same study shows that 48% of game purchasers are female.<sup id="cite_ref-Theesa.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theesa.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Facts_and_Figures_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts_and_Figures-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2015 Pew survey, 6% of women in the United States identify as gamers, compared to 15% of men, and 48% of women and 50% of men play video games.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usage of the term "girl gamer" is controversial. Some critics have advocated use of the label as a <a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">reappropriated term</a>, while others see it as non-descriptive or perpetuating the minority position of female gamers. Some critics of the term believe there is no singular definition of a female gamer and that they are as diverse as any other group. However it is generally understood that the term "girl gamer" implies that it is a girl who plays video games.<sup id="cite_ref-Heather_Barefoot_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heather_Barefoot-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychology">Psychology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Learning_curve#Difficulty_curves_in_video_games" title="Learning curve">Learning curve § Difficulty curves in video games</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a> says that "I think that first a game needs a sense of accomplishment. And you have to have a sense that you have done something, so that you get that sense of satisfaction of completing something."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020, researchers found that top gamers shared the same <a href="/wiki/Mental_toughness" title="Mental toughness">mental toughness</a> as <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympian athletes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QUT-20200611_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUT-20200611-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FIP-20200423_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FIP-20200423-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Escapism is a major factor in why individuals enjoy gaming. This idea of being in another world while gaming has become very common with gamers, these video games create a new world where these gamers feel they fit in and can control what is going on<b>.</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaming is a form of escapism,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a> states that "If the player isn't tricked into believing that the world is real, then there's no point in making the game."<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_and_demographics">Types and demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamer&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexes">Sexes</h3></div> <p>Two highly controversial issues surrounding the gaming world in today's day and age are ideas of gender roles and LGBTQ+ involvement in the gaming industry. It is first important to understand the difference between men and women in the world of gaming. Although roughly the same number of men and women play games, the stereotype of a gamer is one that is predominantly male. A justification sometimes given for this is that while many women occasionally play games, they should not be considered "true" gamers because they tend to play games that are more casual and require fewer skills than men. This <a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotype</a> is perpetuated by the fact that at a professional level, most of the teams competing are composed of men, while female gamers of moderate skill are rendered invisible. The average gamer is seen as a male player who is usually Caucasian.<b><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b>A study has shown 48% of game purchases are from female consumers, but in 2015 only 6% of women that are in the U.S. identify as a gamer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ideas behind the word "girl gamer" tend to spark a contentious reaction, and the use of this name has been supported as a title that is seen as a <a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">reappropriated term</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaymer">Gaymer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaymer" title="Gaymer">Gaymer</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silicon_Valley_Pride_Parade_2016_-_-SVPride2016_(28844993833).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Silicon_Valley_Pride_Parade_2016_-_-SVPride2016_%2828844993833%29.jpg/220px-Silicon_Valley_Pride_Parade_2016_-_-SVPride2016_%2828844993833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Silicon_Valley_Pride_Parade_2016_-_-SVPride2016_%2828844993833%29.jpg/330px-Silicon_Valley_Pride_Parade_2016_-_-SVPride2016_%2828844993833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Silicon_Valley_Pride_Parade_2016_-_-SVPride2016_%2828844993833%29.jpg/440px-Silicon_Valley_Pride_Parade_2016_-_-SVPride2016_%2828844993833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Silicon Valley Pride Parade</figcaption></figure> <p>Besides the distinction of a "girl gamer" from a "male gamer", there is also a common understanding as <a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotype</a> of a "Gaymer." A Gaymer is a depiction of a gay gamer, and someone who identifies their sexual orientation to be a part of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>) community while participating in video games. The concept of Gaymers is a part of two surveys in 2006 and 2009. The 2006 survey took note of the levels of detriment that Gaymers may have experienced, and the 2009 survey kept detail of the content that Gaymers would find to be normalized in <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>. Staying the topic of ideas behind gaming and the relationship with the LGBTQ community, it has been noted that video games are starting to develop more characters and depictions of members from this specific community. Some of the topics of these specific LGBTQ-friendly video games include such ideas as <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">coming out</a> stories and <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> relationships.<b><sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b>These games are also providing the option of character creation with different forms of gender expression along with more LGBTQ romance options.<b><sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b>One example of these games in the LGBTQ+ realm of dating would be <i><a href="/wiki/Dream_Daddy:_A_Dad_Dating_Simulator" title="Dream Daddy: A Dad Dating Simulator">Dream Daddy: A Dad Dating Simulator</a>,</i> released in 2017.<b><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b>The game had many queer individuals debating, but the overall representation of the game was applauded by many LGBTQ+ people due to its accurate presentation and the way that it provided comfort to people of many sexualities. Having more of these gender- and sexuality-friendly games is providing LGBTQ+ members with a safe space to feel welcome and explore their queerness in a more confident manner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dedication_spectrum"><span class="anchor" id="Dedication_spectrum"></span> Dedication spectrum</h3></div> <p>It is common for games media, games industry analysts, and academics to divide gamers into broad behavioral categories. These categories are sometimes separated by level of dedication to gaming, sometimes by primary type of game played, and sometimes by a combination of those and other factors. There is no general consensus on the definitions or names of these categories, though many attempts have been made to formalize them. An overview of these attempts and their common elements follows. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newbie" title="Newbie">Newbie</a></i>: (commonly shortened to "noob", "n00b", or "newb") A slang term for a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/novice" class="extiw" title="wikt:novice">novice</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/newcomer" class="extiw" title="wikt:newcomer">newcomer</a> to a certain game, or to gaming in general.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Casual gamer</i>: The term often used for gamers who primarily play <a href="/wiki/Casual_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual games">casual games</a>, but can also refer to gamers who play less frequently than other gamers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Casual gamers may play games designed for ease of gameplay, or play more involved games in short sessions, or at a slower pace than hardcore gamers.<sup id="cite_ref-Heather_Barefoot_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heather_Barefoot-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The types of game that casual gamers play vary, and they are less likely to own a dedicated video game console.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable examples of casual games include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sims" title="The Sims">The Sims</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nintendogs" title="Nintendogs">Nintendogs</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaCasualization-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Casual gamer demographics vary greatly from those of other video gamers, as the typical casual gamer is older and more predominantly female.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fitness gamers, who play motion-based exercise games, are also seen as casual gamers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Core gamer</i>: (also mid-core) A player with a wider range of interests than a casual gamer and is more likely to enthusiastically play different types of games,<sup id="cite_ref-IwataAsksWiiU3definition_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IwataAsksWiiU3definition-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but without the amount of time spent and sense of competition of a hardcore gamer. The mid-core gamer enjoys games but may not finish every game they buy and is a <a href="/wiki/Target_consumer" class="mw-redirect" title="Target consumer">target consumer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NextGeneration_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NextGeneration-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Nintendo president <a href="/wiki/Satoru_Iwata" title="Satoru Iwata">Satoru Iwata</a> stated that they designed the <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a> to cater to core gamers who are in between the casual and hardcore categories.<sup id="cite_ref-IwataAsksWiiU3cater_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IwataAsksWiiU3cater-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of theories have been presented regarding the rise in popularity of mid-core games. James Hursthouse, the founder of Roadhouse Interactive, credits the evolution of devices towards tablets and touch-screen interfaces, whereas <a href="/wiki/Jon_Radoff" title="Jon Radoff">Jon Radoff</a> of <a href="/wiki/Disruptor_Beam" class="mw-redirect" title="Disruptor Beam">Disruptor Beam</a> compares the emergence of mid-core games to similar increases in media sophistication that have occurred in media such as television.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Hardcore gamer</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest W. Adams">Ernest Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Kim" title="Scott Kim">Scott Kim</a> have proposed classification metrics to distinguish "hardcore gamers" from casual gamers,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emphasizing action, competition, complexity, gaming communities, and staying abreast of developments in hardware and software. Others have attempted to draw the distinction based primarily on which platforms a gamer prefers,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to decry the entire concept of delineating casual from hardcore as divisive and vague.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_gamer">Professional gamer</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Professional" title="Professional">Professional</a> gamers generally play video games for prize money or salaries. Usually, such individuals deeply study the game in order to master it and usually to play in competitions like <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pro gamer may also be another type of gamer, such as a hardcore gamer, if he or she meets the additional criteria for that gamer type. In countries of Asia, particularly <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and China, professional gamers and teams are <a href="/wiki/Sponsorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sponsorship">sponsored</a> by large companies and can earn more than <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$100,000</span> a year.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Gaming" title="Major League Gaming">Major League Gaming</a> contracted several <i><a href="/wiki/Halo_2" title="Halo 2">Halo 2</a></i> players including <a href="/wiki/Tom_%22Tsquared%22_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom "Tsquared" Taylor">Tom "Tsquared" Taylor</a> and members of <a href="/wiki/Team_Final_Boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Final Boss">Team Final Boss</a> with $250,000 yearly deals.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many professional gamers find that competitions are able to provide a substantial amount of money to support themselves. However, oftentimes, these popular gamers can locate even more lucrative options. One such option is found through online <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">live streaming</a> of their games. These gamers who take time out of their lives to stream make money from their stream, usually through sponsorships with large companies looking for a new audience or donations from their fans just trying to support their favorite streamer. Live streaming often occurs through popular websites such as <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. Professional gamers with particularly large followings can often bring their fan bases to watch them play on live streams. An example of this is shown through retired professional <i><a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a></i> player Wei "CaoMei" Han-Dong.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han-Dong had decided to retire from <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a> due to his ability to acquire substantially higher pay through live streaming. His yearly salary through the Battle Flag TV live streaming service increased his pay to roughly $800,000 yearly.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Live streaming can be seen by many as a truly lucrative way for professional gamers to make money in a way that can also lessen the pressure in the competitive scene. We are seeing a rapid increase in the young video game players wanting to be professional gamers instead of the "pro athlete". The career path of becoming a professional gamer is open for anyone any race, gender, and background.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gaming community now has developed at a much faster rate and now is being considered esports. These more serious gamers are professional gamers; they are individuals that take the average everyday gaming much more seriously and profit from how they perform.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GaymerXLogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/GaymerXLogo.png/220px-GaymerXLogo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/GaymerXLogo.png/330px-GaymerXLogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/GaymerXLogo.png/440px-GaymerXLogo.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1058" /></a><figcaption>Gaymer Logo for LGBT Gaming Convention</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the LGBTQ+ gamers are starting to make more of a mark in the gaming world, there are still many disadvantages to this process. Homophobia in the gaming world does tend to take a toll on the problem of an equally shared gaming experience. This is both an issue within the games industry and many areas of the games culture. The brings back the thought of importance for increasing LGBTQ representation in games, especially with such events as GaymerX.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a study called the online roulette survey that shows that queer gamers are at a disadvantage financially for the fact that the highest earning professional gamers in the LGBTQ+ community bring in less money than popular heterosexual professional gamers.<b><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b>This highlights that not only is there a huge divide between male and female counterparts in the gaming industry, but there also happens to be a great divide when it comes to sexual preference in the gaming world, especially when it comes to the professional gaming scene. Often, tech companies' privilege men's point of view over women's participation in tech and their consumption, which could be seen as vice versa for people of a homosexual and heterosexual identity.<b><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b>The two topics will always hold a big weight in the gaming industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrogamer">Retrogamer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Retrogaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrogaming">Retrogaming</a></div> <p>A retro gamer is a gamer who prefers to play, and enough collect, <a href="/wiki/Retro_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Retro games">retro games</a>—older video games and <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a>. They may also be called <i>classic gamers</i> or <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/old_school" class="extiw" title="wikt:old school">old-school</a> gamers</i>, which are terms that are more prevalent in the United States. The games can be played on the original hardware, on modern hardware via <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">emulation</a>, or on modern hardware via <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">ports</a> or compilations (though those 'in the hobby' tend toward original hardware and emulation).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification_in_taxonomies">Classification in taxonomies</h3></div> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy (general)">taxonomies</a> have been proposed which classify gamer types and the aspects they value in games.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bartle_taxonomy_of_player_types" title="Bartle taxonomy of player types">Bartle taxonomy of player types</a> classifies gamers according to their preferred activities within the game: </p> <ul><li>Achievers, who like to gain points and overall succeed within the game parameters, collecting all rewards and <a href="/wiki/Game_badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Game badge">game badges</a>.</li> <li>Explorers, who like to discover all areas within the game, including <a href="/wiki/Secret_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret level">hidden areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glitch" title="Glitch">glitches</a>, and expose all game mechanics.</li> <li>Socializers, who prefer to play games for the social aspect, rather than the actual game itself.</li> <li>Beaters, who thrive on competition with other players.</li> <li>Completionists, who are combinations of the Achiever and Explorer types. They complete every aspect of the game (main story, side quests, achievements) while finding every secret within it.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/MDA_framework" title="MDA framework">MDA framework</a> describes various aspects of the game regarding the basic rules and actions (<i>Mechanics</i>), how they build up during game to develop the <a href="/wiki/Gameplay" title="Gameplay">gameplay</a> (<i>Dynamics</i>), and what emotional response they convey to the player (<i>Aesthetics</i>). The described esthetics are further classified as Sensation, Fantasy, Narrative, Challenge, Fellowship, Discovery, Expression and Submission. <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Schell" title="Jesse Schell">Jesse Schell</a> extends this classification with Anticipation, <a href="/wiki/Schadenfreude" title="Schadenfreude">Schadenfreude</a>, Gift giving, Humour, Possibility, Pride, Purification, Surprise, Thrill, Perseverance and Wonder, and proposes a number of generalizations of differences between how males and females play.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avatar">Avatar</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">Avatar (computing)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">Player character</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gamer" title="Special:EditPage/Gamer">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Creating an avatar can be one of the first interaction that a potential player makes to identify themselves among the gaming community.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An avatar, username, game name, alias, gamer tag, screen name, or handle is a name (usually a <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a>) adopted by a video gamer, often used as a main preferred identification to the gaming community. Usage of user names is often most prevalent in games with <a href="/wiki/Online_multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Online multiplayer">online multiplayer</a> support, or at <a href="/wiki/Electronic_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic sport">electronic sport</a> conventions. While some well-known gamers only go by their online handle, a number have adopted to using their handle within their real name typically presented as a <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ninja_(video_game_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninja (video game player)">Tyler "Ninja" Blevins</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sinatraa" title="Sinatraa">Jay "sinatraa" Won</a>. </p><p>Similarly, a <i>clan tag</i> is a prefix or suffix added to a name to identify that the gamer is in a clan. Clans are generally a group of gamers who play together as a team against other clans. They are most commonly found in online multi-player games in which one team can face off against another. Clans can also be formed to create loosely based affiliations perhaps by all being fans of the same game or merely gamers who have close personal ties to each other. A <i>team tag</i> is a prefix or suffix added to a name to identify that the gamer is in a team. Teams are generally sub-divisions within the same clan and are regarded within gaming circuits as being a purely competitive affiliation. These gamers are usually in an online league such as the Cyberathlete Amateur League (C.A.L.) and their parent company the Cyberathlete Professional League (C.P.L.) where all grouped players were labeled as teams and not clans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clans_and_guilds">Clans and guilds</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gamer" title="Special:EditPage/Gamer">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Clan_(video_games)" title="Clan (video games)">clan</a>, squad or <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> is a group of players that form, usually under an informal 'leader' or administrator. Clans are often formed by gamers with similar interests; many clans or guilds form to connect an 'offline' community that might otherwise be isolated due to geographic, cultural or physical barriers. Some clans are composed of <a href="/wiki/E-sports" class="mw-redirect" title="E-sports">professional gamers</a>, who enter competitive tournaments for cash or other prizes; most, however, are simply groups of like-minded players that band together for a mutual purpose (for example, a gaming-related interest or social group). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2></div> <p>The identity of being a gamer is partly self-determination and partly <a href="/wiki/Performativity" title="Performativity">performativity</a> of characteristics society expects a gamer to embody.<sup id="cite_ref-adaNotGamers_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adaNotGamers-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These expectations include not only a high level of dedication to playing games, but also preferences for certain types of games, as well as an interest in game-related paraphernalia like clothing and comic books.<sup id="cite_ref-adaNotGamers_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adaNotGamers-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Kirkpatrick" title="Graeme Kirkpatrick">Graeme Kirkpatrick</a>, the "true gamer" is concerned first and foremost with <a href="/wiki/Gameplay" title="Gameplay">gameplay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-overlandClueless_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overlandClueless-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Escapist_(magazine)" title="The Escapist (magazine)">The Escapist</a></i> founder Alexander Macris says a gamer is an enthusiast with greater dedication to games than just playing them, similar in connotation to "<a href="/wiki/Cinemaphile" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinemaphile">cinemaphile</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-escapistPublisherNote_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escapistPublisherNote-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People who play may not identify as gamers because they feel they do not play "enough" to qualify.<sup id="cite_ref-adaNotGamers_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adaNotGamers-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social stigma against games has influenced some women and minorities to distance themselves from the term "gamer", even though they may play regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-adaNotGamers_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adaNotGamers-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newmediaDoYou_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newmediaDoYou-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3></div> <p>Games are stereotypically associated with young males, but the diversity of the audience has been steadily increasing over time.<sup id="cite_ref-bizNotGender_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bizNotGender-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stereotype exists even among a majority of women who play video games regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among players using the same category of device (e.g., console or phone), patterns of play are largely the same between men and women. Diversity is driven in part by new hardware platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-bizNotGender_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bizNotGender-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expansion of the audience was catalyzed by <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_marketing#Demographic_shifts" title="Nintendo marketing">Nintendo's efforts to reach new demographics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaCasualization-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Market penetration of <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a> with gaming capabilities further expanded the audience,<sup id="cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaCasualization-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since in contrast to consoles or high-end PCs, mobile phone gaming requires only devices that non-gamers are likely to already own.<sup id="cite_ref-bizNotGender_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bizNotGender-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While 48% of women in the United States report having played a video game, only 6% identify as gamers, compared to 15% of men who identify as gamers.<sup id="cite_ref-pewGamer2015_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewGamer2015-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rises to 9% among women aged 18–29, compared to 33% of men in that age group. Half of female <a href="/wiki/Pc_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Pc game">PC gamers</a> in the U.S. consider themselves to be core or hardcore gamers.<sup id="cite_ref-pcgamerFemale_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcgamerFemale-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-superdataWhyAll_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superdataWhyAll-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Connotations of "gamer" with sexism on the fringe of gaming culture has caused women to be less willing to adopt the label.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesShunLabel_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesShunLabel-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Racial minorities responding to Pew Research were more likely to describe themselves as gamers, with 19% of <a href="/wiki/Hispanics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanics">Hispanics</a> identifying as gamers, compared to 11% of <a href="/wiki/African-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Americans">African-Americans</a> and 7% of <a href="/wiki/Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Whites">whites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pewGamer2015_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewGamer2015-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The competitive <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">fighting game</a> scene is noted as particularly racially diverse and tolerant.<sup id="cite_ref-polygonFightingGame_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygonFightingGame-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is attributed to its origin in arcades, where competitors met face to face and the barrier to entry was merely a <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-polygonFightingGame_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygonFightingGame-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 4% of those aged 50 and over identified as gamers.<sup id="cite_ref-pewGamer2015_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewGamer2015-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualization">Casualization</h3></div> <p>Casualization is a trend in video games towards simpler games appealing to larger audiences, especially women or the elderly.<sup id="cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaCasualization-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some developers, hoping to attract a broader audience, simplify or remove aspects of <a href="/wiki/Gameplay" title="Gameplay">gameplay</a> in established genres and franchises.<sup id="cite_ref-gamasutraDumbingDown_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamasutraDumbingDown-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to seminal titles like <i><a href="/wiki/Doom_(1993_video_game)" title="Doom (1993 video game)">DOOM</a></i>, more recent mass-market action games like the <a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a> series are less sensitive to player choice or skill, approaching the status of <a href="/wiki/Interactive_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive movie">interactive movies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eurogamerDoom_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurogamerDoom-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trend towards casual games is decried by some self-identified gamers who emphasize gameplay, meaning the activities that one undertakes in a game.<sup id="cite_ref-overlandClueless_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overlandClueless-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Brendan Keogh, these are inherently masculine activities such as fighting and exerting dominance. He further says that games women prefer are more passive experiences, and male gamers deride the lack of interactivity in these games because of this association with femininity.<sup id="cite_ref-overlandClueless_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overlandClueless-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belying these trends, games including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sims" title="The Sims">The Sims</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a></i> have some of the largest audiences in the industry while also being very complex.<sup id="cite_ref-gamasutraDumbingDown_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamasutraDumbingDown-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Joost van Dreunen of SuperData Research, girls who play Minecraft are "just as 'hardcore' as the next guy over who plays <i><a href="/wiki/Counter-Strike" title="Counter-Strike">Counter-Strike</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-washpoMoreWomen_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpoMoreWomen-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dreunen says being in control of a game's environment appeals equally to boys and girls.<sup id="cite_ref-washpoMoreWomen_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpoMoreWomen-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Alexander_(journalist)" title="Leigh Alexander (journalist)">Leigh Alexander</a> argued that appealing to women does not necessarily entail reduced difficulty or complexity.<sup id="cite_ref-edgeDumbingDown_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edgeDumbingDown-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/40px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/60px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Video Games">Video Games portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/40px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/60px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/120px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Consumers_Association" title="Entertainment Consumers Association">Entertainment Consumers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamers_Outreach_Foundation" title="Gamers Outreach Foundation">Gamers Outreach Foundation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Cardboard" title="Going Cardboard">Going Cardboard</a></i> (documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gaming_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of gaming topics">List of gaming topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Player (game)">Player (game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_addiction" title="Video game addiction">Video game addiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Escapist magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307122907/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/editorials/10699-In-Defense-of-the-Casual-Gamer">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Defense+of+the+Casual+Gamer&rft.pub=Escapist+magazine&rft.date=2013-10-30&rft.au=Heather+Barefoot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escapistmagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2Feditorials%2F10699-In-Defense-of-the-Casual-Gamer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">How the inventor of Mario designs a game – Vox</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QUT-20200611-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QUT-20200611_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/quot-egs061120.php">"Elite gamers share mental toughness with top athletes, study finds – The influence of mental toughness in elite esports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EurekAlert!" class="mw-redirect" title="EurekAlert!">EurekAlert!</a></i>. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-22392-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-22392-4"><bdi>978-1-317-22392-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125231331/https://books.google.com/books?id=cHhQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT121">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Gamer+Speak+for+Newbs&rft.date=2009-04-23&rft.au=Anna+Vander+Broek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2009%2F04%2F23%2Fwords-online-gaming-opinions-books-newbs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2011/04/30/core-and-casual-whats-the-difference/">"Core and Casual: What's the difference?"</a>. April 30, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726181350/https://venturebeat.com/2011/04/30/core-and-casual-whats-the-difference/">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Core+and+Casual%3A+What%27s+the+difference%3F&rft.date=2011-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2011%2F04%2F30%2Fcore-and-casual-whats-the-difference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magrino, Tom, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6178563.html?tag=result;title;1">GameStop: Casual gamers spurring hardcore holiday sales</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711072417/http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6178563.html?tag=result%3Btitle%3B1">Archived</a> July 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, GameSpot, September 11, 2007, Accessed May 3, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyes, Emma, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6186207.html?tag=result;title;0">GDC '08: Are casual games the future?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711072428/http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6186207.html?tag=result;title;0">Archived</a> July 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>GameSpot</i>, February 18, 2008, Accessed May 3, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inaCasualization-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inaCasualization_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSarrazin2011" class="citation web cs1">Sarrazin, Vincent (October 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inaglobal.fr/en/video-games/article/casualisation-video-games">"The Casualisation of Video Games"</a>. <i>ina global</i>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">Institut national de l'audiovisuel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906195110/http://www.inaglobal.fr/en/video-games/article/casualisation-video-games">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ina+global&rft.atitle=The+Casualisation+of+Video+Games&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.aulast=Sarrazin&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inaglobal.fr%2Fen%2Fvideo-games%2Farticle%2Fcasualisation-video-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolverton2007" class="citation news cs1">Wolverton, Troy (August 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_6695921">"Women driving 'casual game' boom"</a>. <i>San Jose Mercury News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006163201/http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_6695921">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Women+driving+%27casual+game%27+boom&rft.date=2007-08-23&rft.aulast=Wolverton&rft.aufirst=Troy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fci_6695921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://playstationlifestyle.net/2010/04/19/plethora-of-fitness-titles-lined-up-for-playstation-move/">"Plethora of Fitness Titles Lined Up For PlayStation Move#"</a>. <i>PlayStation LifeStyle</i>. April 19, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100422210705/http://playstationlifestyle.net/2010/04/19/plethora-of-fitness-titles-lined-up-for-playstation-move/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlayStation+LifeStyle&rft.atitle=Plethora+of+Fitness+Titles+Lined+Up+For+PlayStation+Move%23&rft.date=2010-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplaystationlifestyle.net%2F2010%2F04%2F19%2Fplethora-of-fitness-titles-lined-up-for-playstation-move%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IwataAsksWiiU3definition-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IwataAsksWiiU3definition_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/index.html?disableNav=true/#/e32011/newhw/0/6">"Iwata Asks: E3 2011 Special Edition"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2011</span>. <q><b>Iwata</b>: the definition of a core gamer is much wider, namely, someone who has a much wider range of interests, someone who enthusiastically plays many types of games that challenges different creative directions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iwata+Asks%3A+E3+2011+Special+Edition&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Nintendo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwataasks.nintendo.com%2Finterviews%2Findex.html%3FdisableNav%3Dtrue%2F%23%2Fe32011%2Fnewhw%2F0%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott_Jon_Siegel" class="citation web cs1">Scott Jon Siegel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joystiq.com/2008/02/06/are-you-a-mid-core-gamer/">"Are you a mid-core gamer?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joystiq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Joystiq.com">joystiq.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130628160444/http://www.joystiq.com/2008/02/06/are-you-a-mid-core-gamer/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+you+a+mid-core+gamer%3F&rft.pub=joystiq.com&rft.au=Scott+Jon+Siegel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joystiq.com%2F2008%2F02%2F06%2Fare-you-a-mid-core-gamer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NextGeneration-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NextGeneration_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2005" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, Colin (October 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203110531/http://www.next-gen.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1277&Itemid=32">"GameStop"</a>. <i>Edge</i>. Future. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.next-gen.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1277&Itemid=32">the original</a> on December 3, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edge&rft.atitle=GameStop&rft.date=2005-10-10&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.next-gen.biz%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1277%26Itemid%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IwataAsksWiiU3cater-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IwataAsksWiiU3cater_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/index.html?disableNav=true/#/e32011/newhw/0/6">"Iwata Asks: E3 2011 Special Edition"</a>. Nintendo. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608122917/http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/index.html?disableNav=true%2F#/e32011/newhw/0/6">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2011</span>. <q><b>Iwata</b>: On the other hand, I certainly do not think that Wii was able to cater to every gamer's needs, so that's also something I wanted to resolve. [...] The keyword for our presentation at this year's E3 is "Deeper and Wider". With Wii U, I would like to offer this proposal with that concept.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iwata+Asks%3A+E3+2011+Special+Edition&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Nintendo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwataasks.nintendo.com%2Finterviews%2Findex.html%3FdisableNav%3Dtrue%2F%23%2Fe32011%2Fnewhw%2F0%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/2013/8/9/4604088/the-rise-of-midcore-gaming">"Core gamers, mobile games and the origins of the midcore audience"</a>. <i>Polygon</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Core+gamers%2C+mobile+games+and+the+origins+of+the+midcore+audience&rft.date=2013-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2013%2F8%2F9%2F4604088%2Fthe-rise-of-midcore-gaming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdams,_Ernest2002" class="citation web cs1">Adams, Ernest (June 5, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131397/from_casual_to_core_a_statistical_.php">"From Casual to Core: A Statistical Mechanism for Studying Gamer Dedication"</a>. <i>Gamasutra</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225558/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131397/from_casual_to_core_a_statistical_.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Women+Who+Play+Games+Shun+%27Gamer%27+Label&rft.date=2015-12-16&rft.aulast=McPhate&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F12%2F17%2Ftechnology%2Fpersonaltech%2Fwomen-who-play-games-shun-gamer-label.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polygonFightingGame-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polygonFightingGame_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygonFightingGame_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowman2014" class="citation web cs1">Bowman, Rich (February 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/features/2014/2/6/5361004/fighting-game-diversity">"Why the Fighting Game Community is Color Blind"</a>. <i>Polygon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112413/http://www.polygon.com/features/2014/2/6/5361004/fighting-game-diversity">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Why+the+Fighting+Game+Community+is+Color+Blind&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2Ffeatures%2F2014%2F2%2F6%2F5361004%2Ffighting-game-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamasutraDumbingDown-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamasutraDumbingDown_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamasutraDumbingDown_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwift2014" class="citation web cs1">Swift, Johnathon (January 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/JohnathonSwift/20140110/208440/quotDumbing_downquot.php">"Dumbing down"</a>. <i>Gamasutra</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222164844/http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/JohnathonSwift/20140110/208440/quotDumbing_downquot.php">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=Dumbing+down&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=Johnathon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FJohnathonSwift%2F20140110%2F208440%2FquotDumbing_downquot.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurogamerDoom-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eurogamerDoom_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStewart2015" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Keith (July 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-07-06-22-years-on-doom-retains-the-ability-to-shock">"22 years on, Doom retains the ability to shock"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081803/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-07-06-22-years-on-doom-retains-the-ability-to-shock">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=22+years+on%2C+Doom+retains+the+ability+to+shock&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2015-07-06-22-years-on-doom-retains-the-ability-to-shock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washpoMoreWomen-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-washpoMoreWomen_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-washpoMoreWomen_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarwell" class="citation news cs1">Harwell, Drew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/10/17/more-women-play-video-games-than-boys-and-other-surprising-facts-lost-in-the-mess-of-gamergate/">"More women play video games than boys, and other surprising facts lost in the mess of Gamergate"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223202854/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/10/17/more-women-play-video-games-than-boys-and-other-surprising-facts-lost-in-the-mess-of-gamergate/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=More+women+play+video+games+than+boys%2C+and+other+surprising+facts+lost+in+the+mess+of+Gamergate&rft.aulast=Harwell&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-switch%2Fwp%2F2014%2F10%2F17%2Fmore-women-play-video-games-than-boys-and-other-surprising-facts-lost-in-the-mess-of-gamergate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edgeDumbingDown-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edgeDumbingDown_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2013" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Leigh (August 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713174818/http://www.edge-online.com/features/too-many-gamers-think-diversity-means-dumbing-down-its-time-to-forget-that-outmoded-view/">"Too many gamers think diversity means dumbing down – it's time to forget that outmoded view"</a>. <i>Edge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edge-online.com/features/too-many-gamers-think-diversity-means-dumbing-down-its-time-to-forget-that-outmoded-view/">the original</a> on July 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edge&rft.atitle=Too+many+gamers+think+diversity+means+dumbing+down+%E2%80%93+it%27s+time+to+forget+that+outmoded+view&rft.date=2013-08-16&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edge-online.com%2Ffeatures%2Ftoo-many-gamers-think-diversity-means-dumbing-down-its-time-to-forget-that-outmoded-view%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anorak_(slang)" title="Anorak (slang)">Anorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fan" title="Anti-fan">Anti-fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_worship_syndrome" title="Celebrity worship syndrome">Celebrity worship syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">Cult following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(person)" title="Fan (person)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursona" title="Fursona">Furry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kemon%C4%81" title="Kemonā">Kemonā</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geek" title="Geek">Geek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupie" title="Groupie">Groupie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerd" title="Nerd">Nerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">Otaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_(fan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stan (fan)">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifosi" title="Tifosi">Tifosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras" title="Ultras">Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waifu" class="mw-redirect" title="Waifu">Waifu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_press_association" title="Amateur press association">Amateur press association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_club" title="Car club">Car club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_racer" title="Boy racer">Boy racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruising_(driving)" title="Cruising (driving)">Cruising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_scene" title="Import scene">Import scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rodding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kustom_Kulture" title="Kustom Kulture">Kustom Kulture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider_Club" title="Lowrider Club">Lowrider Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercar_Season" title="Supercar Season">Supercar Season</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">Cosplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_club" title="Fan club">Fan club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">Fan convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fandom_names" title="List of fandom names">Fandom names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Game club">Game club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">Historical reenactment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action_role-playing_game" title="Live action role-playing game">Live action role-playing game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_club" title="Motorcycle club">Motorcycle club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Owners_Group" title="Harley Owners Group">Harley Owners Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Transformative_Works" title="Organization for Transformative Works">Organization for Transformative Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railfan" title="Railfan">Railfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Twitter" title="Stan Twitter">Stan Twitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications<br />and activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_music_video" title="Anime music video">Anime music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autograph_collecting" title="Autograph collecting">Autograph collecting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doujin" title="Doujin">Doujin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_music" title="Doujin music"><i>Doujin</i> music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi" title="Doujinshi">Doujinshi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_art" title="Fan art">Fan art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_edit" title="Fan edit">Fan edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_film" title="Fan film">Fan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_labor" title="Fan labor">Fan labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_mail" title="Fan mail">Fan mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_rice" title="Fan rice">Fan rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_translation" title="Fan translation">Fan translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanac" title="Fanac">Fanac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft"><i>Doujin</i> soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Mod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fansite" title="Fansite">Fansite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_wiki" title="Fan wiki">Fan wiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fan_wikis" title="List of fan wikis">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanspeak" title="Fanspeak">Fanspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">Fanzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_person_fiction" title="Real person fiction">Real person fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidding" title="Vidding">Vidding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zine" title="Zine">Zine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">Conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime convention">Anime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anime conventions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book_convention" title="Comic book convention">Comic book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comic_book_conventions" title="List of comic book conventions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi_convention" title="Doujinshi convention"><i>Doujinshi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furry_convention" title="Furry convention">Furry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_convention" title="Gaming convention">Gaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gaming_conventions" title="List of gaming conventions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_convention" title="Horror convention">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multigenre_conventions" title="List of multigenre conventions">Multigenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_wrestling_conventions" title="List of professional wrestling conventions">Professional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_conventions" title="List of science fiction conventions">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fan_conventions_by_date_of_founding" title="List of fan conventions by date of founding">by date of establishment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autograph" title="Autograph">Autograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_loyalty" title="Fan loyalty">Fan loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_service" title="Fan service">Fan service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odagiri_effect" title="Odagiri effect">Odagiri effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_character" title="Original character">Original character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_(fandom)" title="Shipping (fandom)">Shipping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_discourse" title="Shipping discourse">Shipping discourse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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