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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ambiguity in the definition of GMT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambiguity_in_the_definition_of_GMT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GMT_in_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GMT_in_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>GMT in legislation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-GMT_in_legislation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle GMT in legislation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-GMT_in_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Time zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenwich Mean Time</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="توقيت غرينتش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توقيت غرينتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrinvi%C3%A7_saat%C4%B1" title="Qrinviç saatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrinviç saatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="গ্রিনিচ মান সময় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিনিচ মান সময়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Сярэдні час па Грынвічы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сярэдні час па Грынвічы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%85%C4%83%D1%87%C4%95" title="Гринвич вăхăчĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гринвич вăхăчĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwichsk%C3%BD_st%C5%99edn%C3%AD_%C4%8Das" title="Greenwichský střední čas – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Greenwichský střední čas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailmaaeg" title="Maailmaaeg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maailmaaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Μέσος χρόνος Γκρίνουιτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέσος χρόνος Γκρίνουιτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_media_de_Greenwich" title="Hora media de Greenwich – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hora media de Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_meridianoko_ordua" title="Greenwich meridianoko ordua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Greenwich meridianoko ordua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86" title="ساعت گرینویچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساعت گرینویچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temps_moyen_de_Greenwich" title="Temps moyen de Greenwich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Temps moyen de Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C3%A1nam_Greenwich" title="Meánam Greenwich – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meánam Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo_Medio_de_Greenwich" title="Tempo Medio de Greenwich – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tempo Medio de Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%B9%98_%ED%8F%89%EA%B7%A0%EC%8B%9C" title="그리니치 평균시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리니치 평균시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Գրինվիչի միջին ժամանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրինվիչի միջին ժամանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="ग्रीनिच माध्य समय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रीनिच माध्य समय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_Greenwich" title="Waktu Greenwich – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Waktu Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C3%B0art%C3%ADmi_Greenwich" title="Staðartími Greenwich – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Staðartími Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_media_di_Greenwich" title="Ora media di Greenwich – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ora media di Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A5%27" title="שעון גריניץ' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שעון גריניץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಗ್ರೀನ್‌ವಿಚ್ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಕಾಲಮಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರೀನ್‌ವಿಚ್ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಕಾಲಮಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Гринвич уақыты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гринвич уақыты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grini%C4%8Das_laiks" title="Griničas laiks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Griničas laiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinvi%C4%8Do_laikas" title="Grinvičo laikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grinvičo laikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwichi_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pid%C5%91" title="Greenwichi középidő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Greenwichi középidő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्रीनविच मीन टाइम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ग्रीनविच मीन टाइम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Средно време по Гринич – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Средно време по Гринич" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഗ്രീനിച്ച് സമയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രീനിച്ച് സമയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B3" title="ग्रीनिच प्रमाणवेळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रीनिच प्रमाणवेळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="توقيت جرينيتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توقيت جرينيتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_Min_Greenwich" title="Waktu Min Greenwich – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Waktu Min Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂရင်းနစ် စံတော်ချိန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရင်းနစ် စံတော်ချိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="ग्रिनविच प्रमाणिक समय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्रिनविच प्रमाणिक समय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82" title="グリニッジ標準時 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グリニッジ標準時" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_middeltid" title="Greenwich middeltid – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Greenwich middeltid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efemerida" title="Efemerida – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Efemerida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" title="GMT – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="GMT" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="گرینچ معیاری وقت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرینچ معیاری وقت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czas_uniwersalny" title="Czas uniwersalny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czas uniwersalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo_M%C3%A9dio_de_Greenwich" title="Tempo Médio de Greenwich – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tempo Médio de Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_de_Greenwich" title="Ora de Greenwich – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ora de Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83" title="Среднее время по Гринвичу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Среднее время по Гринвичу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerenise_Uiga_Taimi" title="Kerenise Uiga Taimi – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kerenise Uiga Taimi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ග්‍රිනිච් මධ්‍යන්‍ය වේලාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ග්‍රිනිච් මධ්‍යන්‍ය වේලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwichsk%C3%BD_stredn%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Greenwichský stredný čas – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Greenwichský stredný čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwi%C5%A1ki_srednji_%C4%8Das" title="Greenwiški srednji čas – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Greenwiški srednji čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جی ئێم تی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جی ئێم تی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Гриничко средње време – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гриничко средње време" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Greenwich Mean Time" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitnang_Oras_ng_Greenwich" title="Gitnang Oras ng Greenwich – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gitnang Oras ng Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கிரீன்விச் இடைநிலை நேரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரீன்விச் இடைநிலை நேரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="เวลามาตรฐานกรีนิช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวลามาตรฐานกรีนิช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Ortalama_Zaman%C4%B1" title="Greenwich Ortalama Zamanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Greenwich Ortalama Zamanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Гринвич дыр – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гринвич дыр" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Середній час за Гринвічем – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Середній час за Гринвічем" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="گرینوچ معیاری وقت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرینوچ معیاری وقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9D_chu%E1%BA%A9n_Greenwich" title="Giờ chuẩn Greenwich – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giờ chuẩn Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eure_del_Coistrece_di_Greenwich" title="Eure del Coistrece di Greenwich – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Eure del Coistrece di Greenwich" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B2%BB%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%BE%B0%E5%85%89" title="格林尼治标准辰光 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格林尼治标准辰光" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%80%A3%E5%B0%BC%E6%B2%BB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="格連尼治標準時間 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格連尼治標準時間" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B2%BB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Time zone of Western Europe, same as WET</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"GMT" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/GMT_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="GMT (disambiguation)">GMT (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1046119364">.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone td,.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .mergedtoprow .infobox-label{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .infobox-subheader{background-color:#ccf;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .infobox-header{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .infobox-label{background-color:#e6e6ff}</style><table class="infobox ib-time-zone vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Greenwich Mean Time</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">UTC offset</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GMT</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC+00:00</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Current time</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">21:57, 22 November 2024 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">GMT</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:85%;">[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=purge">refresh</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Observance of <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">DST is observed throughout this time zone.</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg/300px-Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg/450px-Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg/600px-Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Europe" title="Time in Europe">Time in Europe</a>: <table style="background-color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#AFB1FF;color:black;text-align:center;">Light Blue</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">Western European Time</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenwich Mean Time</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#5F61BF;color:white;text-align:center;">Blue</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">Western European Time</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenwich Mean Time</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time" title="Western European Summer Time">Western European Summer Time</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a></span> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Time in the Republic of Ireland">Irish Standard Time</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+1</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C15F61;color:white;text-align:center;">Red</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+1</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+2</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F7F689;text-align:center;width:32px">Yellow</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">Eastern European Time</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Time" title="Kaliningrad Time">Kaliningrad Time</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+2</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D7D65C;text-align:center;">Ochre</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">Eastern European Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+2</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">Eastern European Summer Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+3</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#a5ffa5;color:black;text-align:center;">Green</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">Moscow Time</a></span> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Turkey" title="Time in Turkey">Turkey Time</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+3</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#a6ecf2;color:black;text-align:center;">Turquoise</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Time" title="Armenia Time">Armenia Time</a></span> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Time" title="Azerbaijan Time">Azerbaijan Time</a></span> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Time" title="Georgia Time">Georgia Time</a></span> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samara_Time" title="Samara Time">Samara Time</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+4</a>)</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-size:11px;"><span style="color:#AFB1FF;">▉</span><span style="color:#F7F689;">▉</span><span style="color:#a5ffa5;">▉</span><span style="color:#a6ecf2;">▉</span> Pale colours: Standard time observed all year<br /><span style="color:#5F61BF;">▉</span><span style="color:#C15F61;">▉</span><span style="color:#D7D65C;">▉</span> Dark colours: <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Summer time</a> observed</span> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TimeZones-Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/TimeZones-Africa.svg/300px-TimeZones-Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/TimeZones-Africa.svg/450px-TimeZones-Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/TimeZones-Africa.svg/600px-TimeZones-Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><b>Time zones of Africa</b>:<br /> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#AFB1FF;text-align:center;width:34px;">Light Blue </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Time" title="Cape Verde Time">Cape Verde Time</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_template_footnote_a"><a href="#endnote_template_footnote_a">[a]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9201:00" title="UTC−01:00">UTC−1</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#5F61BF;color:white;text-align:center;">Blue </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenwich Mean Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C15F61;color:white;text-align:center;">Red </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Time" title="West Africa Time">West Africa Time</a></li></ul></div> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+1</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#D7D65C;text-align:center;">Ochre </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa_Time" title="Central Africa Time">Central Africa Time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">Eastern European Time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_Standard_Time" title="Egypt Standard Time">Egypt Standard Time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Standard Time">South African Standard Time</a></li></ul></div> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+2</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#A5FFA5;text-align:center;">Green </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Time" title="East Africa Time">East Africa Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+3</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#A6ECF2;text-align:center;">Turquoise </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Time" title="Mauritius Time">Mauritius Time</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_template_footnote_b"><a href="#endnote_template_footnote_b">[b]</a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Time" title="Seychelles Time">Seychelles Time</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_template_footnote_b"><a href="#endnote_template_footnote_b">[b]</a></sup></li></ul></div> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+4</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_template_footnote_aa"><a href="#ref_template_footnote_aa"><b><sup>a</sup></b></a></span> The islands of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> are to the west of the African mainland.<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_template_footnote_bb"><a href="#ref_template_footnote_bb"><b><sup>b</sup></b></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> are to the east and north-east of Madagascar respectively.</small> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Greenwich Mean Time</b> (<b>GMT</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Local_mean_time" title="Local mean time">local mean time</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, counted from <a href="/wiki/Midnight" title="Midnight">midnight</a>. At different times in the past, it has been calculated in different ways, including being calculated from <a href="/wiki/Noon" title="Noon">noon</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a consequence, it cannot be used to specify a particular time unless a context is given. The term "GMT" is also used as <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">one of the names</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">time zone</a> <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC+00:00</a> and,<sup id="cite_ref-RMG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RMG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in UK law, is the basis for <a href="/wiki/Civil_time" title="Civil time">civil time</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-IA1978_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA1978-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of Earth's uneven <a href="/wiki/Angular_velocity" title="Angular velocity">angular velocity</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Elliptic_orbit" title="Elliptic orbit">elliptical orbit</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">axial tilt</a>, noon (12:00:00) GMT is rarely the exact moment the Sun crosses the <a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian_(Greenwich)" title="Prime meridian (Greenwich)">Greenwich Meridian</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and reaches its highest point in the sky there. This event may occur up to 16 minutes before or after noon GMT, a discrepancy described by the <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_time" title="Equation of time">equation of time</a>. Noon GMT is the annual average (the <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_mean" title="Arithmetic mean">arithmetic mean</a>) moment of this event, which accounts for the word "mean" in "Greenwich Mean Time".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, astronomers considered a GMT day to start at noon,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while for almost everyone else it started at midnight. To avoid confusion, the name <a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">Universal Time</a> was introduced in 1928 to denote GMT as counted from midnight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthySeidelmann200917_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthySeidelmann200917-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Universal Time usually refers to <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> (UTC) or UT1;<sup id="cite_ref-AAO-UT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAO-UT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English speakers often use GMT as a synonym for UTC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For navigation, it is considered equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT1</a> (the modern form of mean solar time at 0° longitude); but this meaning can differ from UTC by up to 0.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>s. The term "GMT" should thus not be used for purposes that require precision.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltonMcCarthy2013231–232_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltonMcCarthy2013231–232-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "GMT" is especially used by institutional bodies within the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a>; and others particularly in Arab countries, such as the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Broadcasting_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Broadcasting Centre">Middle East Broadcasting Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/OSN" title="OSN">OSN</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_longitude" title="History of longitude">History of longitude</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenwich_clock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Greenwich_clock.jpg/220px-Greenwich_clock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Greenwich_clock.jpg/330px-Greenwich_clock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Greenwich_clock.jpg/440px-Greenwich_clock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Gate_Clock" title="Shepherd Gate Clock">Shepherd Gate Clock</a> at the gates of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory, Greenwich</a> is permanently kept on Greenwich Mean Time.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> developed into an advanced <a href="/wiki/Maritime_nation" title="Maritime nation">maritime nation</a>, British mariners kept at least one <a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometer" title="Marine chronometer">chronometer</a> on GMT to calculate their <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> from the Greenwich meridian,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was considered to have longitude zero degrees, by a convention adopted in the <a href="/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference" title="International Meridian Conference">International Meridian Conference</a> of 1884. Synchronisation of the chronometer on GMT did not affect shipboard time, which was still solar time. But this practice, combined with mariners from other nations drawing from <a href="/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne" title="Nevil Maskelyne">Nevil Maskelyne</a>'s method of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_distance_(navigation)" title="Lunar distance (navigation)">lunar distances</a> based on observations at Greenwich, led to GMT being used worldwide as a standard time independent of location. Most <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">time zones</a> were based upon GMT, as an offset of a number of hours (and occasionally half or quarter hours) "ahead of GMT" or "behind GMT". </p><p>Greenwich Mean Time was adopted across the island of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Railway_Clearing_House" title="Railway Clearing House">Railway Clearing House</a> in 1847 and by almost all railway companies by the following year, from which the term <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_time" title="Railway time">railway time</a></i> is derived. It was gradually adopted for other purposes, but a legal case in 1858 held "<a href="/wiki/Local_mean_time" title="Local mean time">local mean time</a>" to be the official time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowse1997114_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowse1997114-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 May 1880, a letter signed by "Clerk to Justices" appeared in <i>The Times</i>, stating that "Greenwich time is now kept almost throughout England, but it appears that Greenwich time is not legal time. For example, our polling booths were opened, say, at 8 13 and closed at 4 13 p.m."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was changed later in 1880, when Greenwich Mean Time was legally adopted throughout the island of Great Britain. GMT was adopted in the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> in 1883, in <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> in 1898 and in <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a> in 1913. <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> adopted GMT in 1916, supplanting <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Mean_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Mean Time">Dublin Mean Time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hourly <a href="/wiki/Time_signal" title="Time signal">time signals</a> from Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">shortwave radio</a> on 5 February 1924 at 17:30:00 UTC,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rendering the <a href="/wiki/Time_ball" title="Time ball">time ball</a> at the observatory redundant.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The daily rotation of the Earth is irregular (see <a href="/wiki/%CE%94T_(timekeeping)" title="ΔT (timekeeping)">ΔT</a>) and has a slowing trend; therefore <a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">atomic clocks</a> constitute a much more stable timebase. On 1 January 1972, GMT as the international civil time standard was superseded by <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)</a>, maintained by an ensemble of atomic clocks around the world. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time"><i>Universal Time</i> (<i>UT</i>)</a>, a term introduced in 1928, initially represented mean time at Greenwich determined in the traditional way to accord with the originally defined <a href="/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference" title="International Meridian Conference">universal day</a>; from 1 January 1956 (as decided by the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> in 1955, at the initiative of <a href="/wiki/William_Markowitz" title="William Markowitz">William Markowitz</a>) this "raw" form of UT was re-labelled <i>UT0</i> and effectively superseded by refined forms UT1 (UT0 equalised for the effects of <a href="/wiki/Polar_wandering" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar wandering">polar wandering</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and UT2 (UT1 further equalised for annual seasonal variations in Earth rotation rate). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Indeed, even the Greenwich meridian itself is not quite what it used to be—defined by "the centre of the transit instrument at the Observatory at Greenwich". Although that instrument still survives in working order, it is no longer in use and now the meridian of origin of the world's longitude and time is not strictly defined in material form but from a statistical solution resulting from observations of all time-determination stations which the <a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">BIPM</a> takes into account when co-ordinating the world's time signals. Nevertheless, the line in the old observatory's courtyard today differs no more than a few metres from that imaginary line which is now the prime meridian of the world. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Howse, D. (1997). <i>Greenwich time and the longitude</i>. London: Philip Wilson.</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambiguity_in_the_definition_of_GMT">Ambiguity in the definition of GMT</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ambiguity in the definition of GMT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, GMT has been used with two different conventions for numbering hours. The long-standing astronomical convention, dating from the work of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>, was to refer to noon as zero hours (see <a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">Julian day</a>). This contrasted with the civil convention of referring to midnight as zero hours dating from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. The latter convention was adopted on and after 1 January 1925 for astronomical purposes, resulting in a discontinuity of 12 hours, or half a day. The instant that was designated as "December 31.5 GMT" in 1924 almanacs became "January 1.0 GMT" in 1925 almanacs. The term <i>Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time</i> (<i>GMAT</i>) was introduced to unambiguously refer to the previous noon-based astronomical convention for GMT.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more specific terms <i>UT</i> and <i>UTC</i> do not share this ambiguity, always referring to midnight as <i>zero hours</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GMT_in_legislation">GMT in legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: GMT in legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legally, the civil time used in the UK is called "Greenwich mean time" (without capitalisation), with an exception made for those periods when the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Time_Act_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Time Act 1972">Summer Time Act 1972</a> orders an hour's shift for daylight saving. The <a href="/wiki/Interpretation_Act_1978" title="Interpretation Act 1978">Interpretation Act 1978</a>, section 9, provides that whenever an expression of time occurs in any Act, the time referred to shall (unless otherwise specifically stated) be held to be Greenwich mean time.<sup id="cite_ref-IA1978_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA1978-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under subsection 23, the same rule applies to deeds and other instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers2007_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the experiment of 1968 to 1971, when the British Isles did not revert to Greenwich Mean Time during the winter, the all-year <a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a> was called <i>British Standard Time</i> (<i>BST</i>). </p><p>In the UK, UTC+00:00 is disseminated to the general public in winter and <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthySeidelmann200917_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthySeidelmann200917-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowse1997157_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowse1997157-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BBC radio stations broadcast the "six pips" of the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Time_Signal" title="Greenwich Time Signal">Greenwich Time Signal</a>. It is named from its original generation at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Greenwich Observatory</a>. If announced (such as near the start of summer time or of winter time), announcers on domestic channels declare the time as <i>GMT</i> or <i>BST</i> as appropriate. As the BBC World Service is broadcast to all time zones, the announcers use the term "Greenwich Mean Time" consistently throughout the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several countries define their local time by reference to Greenwich Mean Time.<sup id="cite_ref-AMANO_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMANO-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeagoSeidelmannAllen2011_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeagoSeidelmannAllen2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some examples are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: Decrees of 1946 and 1947 set legal time as one hour ahead of GMT.<sup id="cite_ref-AMANO_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMANO-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>: "Standard Time" (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Am Caighdeánach</i>) is defined as being one hour in advance of GMT.<sup id="cite_ref-IST_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IST-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Winter Time" (<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Am Geimhridh</i></span>) is defined as being the same as GMT.<sup id="cite_ref-IWT_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWT-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>: Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, section 35(1). This refers to "standard time" for the several provinces, defining each in relation to "Greenwich time", but does not use the expression "Greenwich mean time". Several provinces, such as <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> (Time Definition Act. R.S., c. 469, s. 1), have their own legislation which specifically mentions either "Greenwich Mean Time" or "Greenwich mean solar time".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: The term GMT is still in use when it comes to electronics such as cellular phones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Android phones are cell phones, so disproved straight away. Do iPhones say GMT or UTC? Something else? DECT phones maybe? (June 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Android phones use "UTC" but keypad phones<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> use "GMT" to define any time zone around the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_zone">Time zone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Time zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Greenwich Mean Time is defined in law as standard time in the following countries and areas, which also advance their clocks one hour (GMT+1) in summer. </p> <ul><li>United Kingdom, where the summer time is called <i><a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a></i> (<i>BST</i>)</li> <li>Ireland, where it is called <i>Winter Time</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-IWT_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWT-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> changing to Standard Time in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-IST_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IST-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Stewart%27s_Monument-_Kumasi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Stewart%27s_Monument-_Kumasi.jpg/220px-Donald_Stewart%27s_Monument-_Kumasi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Stewart%27s_Monument-_Kumasi.jpg/330px-Donald_Stewart%27s_Monument-_Kumasi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Stewart%27s_Monument-_Kumasi.jpg/440px-Donald_Stewart%27s_Monument-_Kumasi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="1697" /></a><figcaption>Clock in <a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, set to GMT</figcaption></figure> <p>Greenwich Mean Time is used as standard time all year round in the following countries and areas: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">(disputed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Belville" title="Ruth Belville">Ruth Belville</a> – "the Greenwich Time Lady", daughter of John Henry Belville, who was in the business of daily personal distribution of Greenwich Mean Time via a watch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> – Primary time standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Time_Signal" title="Greenwich Time Signal">Greenwich Time Signal</a> – Series of six pips broadcast by the BBC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometer" title="Marine chronometer">Marine chronometer</a> – Clock used on ships to aid in navigation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_clock" title="Radio clock">Radio clock</a> – Type of clock which self-synchronizes its time using dedicated radio transmitters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory, Greenwich</a> – Observatory in London, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Europe" title="Time in Europe">Time in Europe</a> – Time zones in Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Time in the United Kingdom">Time in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">Western European Time</a> – Time zone in Europe equal to UTC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time" title="Western European Summer Time">Western European Summer Time</a> – Time zone (UTC+01:00)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time#Time_zones" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Zulu Time</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a> is defined in law as being one hour in advance of Greenwich Mean Time.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 'Prime Meridian', 0°, was <a href="/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference" title="International Meridian Conference">originally defined</a> as being the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_meridian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich meridian">Greenwich meridian</a> but is now the "<a href="/wiki/IERS_Reference_Meridian" title="IERS Reference Meridian">IERS Reference Meridian</a>": they are not quite the same.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is no such thing as the "Greenwich Mean".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Astronomers preferred the old convention to simplify their observational data, so that each night was logged under a single calendar date.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For explanation, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_longitude#Chronometers" title="History of longitude">History of longitude#Chronometers</a> but simplistically, there is a 15° difference of longitude for each hour that the time of local noon differs from Greenwich noon.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/timescales.html#GMT">"Time scales"</a>. <i>UCO Lick</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCO+Lick&rft.atitle=Time+scales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucolick.org%2F~sla%2Fleapsecs%2Ftimescales.html%23GMT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RMG-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RMG_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/greenwich-mean-time-gmt">"What is Greenwich Mean Time?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a>. 2021. What does GMT stand for?<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Greenwich+Mean+Time%3F&rft.pages=What+does+GMT+stand+for%3F&rft.pub=Royal+Museums+Greenwich&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmg.co.uk%2Fstories%2Ftopics%2Fgreenwich-mean-time-gmt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IA1978-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IA1978_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IA1978_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1978/30/section/9/">"Interpretation Act 1978: Section 9"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 20 July 1978, 1978 c. 30  (s. 9)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Interpretation+Act+1978%26%2358%3B+Section+9&rft.date=1978-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1978%2F30%2Fsection%2F9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/what-prime-meridian-why-it-greenwich">"What is the Prime Meridian and why is it in Greenwich?"</a>. <i>Royal Museums Greeenwich</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>The IRM is the only meridian that may now be described as the prime meridian of the world, as it defines 0° longitude by international agreement. The IRM passes 102.5 metres to the east of the historic Prime Meridian of the World at the latitude of the Airy Transit Circle here. The entire Observatory and the historic Prime Meridian now lie to the west of the true prime meridian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Museums+Greeenwich&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Prime+Meridian+and+why+is+it+in+Greenwich%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmg.co.uk%2Fstories%2Ftopics%2Fwhat-prime-meridian-why-it-greenwich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthySeidelmann200917-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthySeidelmann200917_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthySeidelmann200917_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCarthySeidelmann2009">McCarthy & Seidelmann 2009</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greenwichmeantime.com/articles/history/utc/">"UTC (Universal Time Coordinated)"</a>. <i>Greenwich Mean Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenwich+Mean+Time&rft.atitle=UTC+%28Universal+Time+Coordinated%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreenwichmeantime.com%2Farticles%2Fhistory%2Futc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAO-UT-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAO-UT_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223151156/http://asa.hmnao.com/SecM/Glossary.html#ut">"Astronomical Almanac Online"</a>. Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office. 2020. "Glossary" s.v. Universal Time. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asa.hmnao.com/SecM/Glossary.html#ut">the original</a> on 23 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Almanac+Online&rft.pages=%22Glossary%22+s.v.+Universal+Time&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Nautical+Almanac+Office&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasa.hmnao.com%2FSecM%2FGlossary.html%23ut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614012007/https://www.lexico.com/definition/coordinated_universal_time">"Coordinated Universal Time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Coordinated_Universal_Time">the original</a> on 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coordinated+Universal+Time&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FCoordinated_Universal_Time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltonMcCarthy2013231–232-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltonMcCarthy2013231–232_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltonMcCarthy2013">Hilton & McCarthy 2013</a>, pp. 231–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowse1997114-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowse1997114_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHowse1997">Howse 1997</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CLERK TO JUSTICES. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=qubelfast&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS168214190&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0">"Time, Actual And Legal"</a>. Times, London, England, 14 May 1880: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartky2007" class="citation book cs1">Bartky, Ian R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rC6sAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Central+european+time%22+German+1893&pg=PA126"><i>One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804756426" title="Special:BookSources/978-0804756426"><bdi>978-0804756426</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Time+Fits+All%3A+The+Campaigns+for+Global+Uniformity&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0804756426&rft.aulast=Bartky&rft.aufirst=Ian+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrC6sAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Central%2Beuropean%2Btime%2522%2BGerman%2B1893%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers2007_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers2007_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyers2007">Myers 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Greenwich Time by Wireless— New Scheme Today". <i>Liverpool Daily Post</i>. 5 February 1924. p. 6. <q>the last four seconds of the preceding minute will be heard as 'clicks' when the signal is about to be given, representing the 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th and 59th second, and the final click, which will be a little louder than the others</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Daily+Post&rft.atitle=Greenwich+Time+by+Wireless%E2%80%94+New+Scheme+Today&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1924-02-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreet2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Street, Sean (2015). "Greenwich Time Signal". <i>Historical Dictionary of British Radio</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greenwich+Time+Signal&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+British+Radio&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Street&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/EarthRotation/UT1LOD.html">"Universal Time (UT1) and Length of Day (LOD)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030706/https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/EarthRotation/UT1LOD.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universal+Time+%28UT1%29+and+Length+of+Day+%28LOD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iers.org%2FIERS%2FEN%2FScience%2FEarthRotation%2FUT1LOD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Astronomical Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac</i>. University Science Books. 1992. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-935702-68-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-935702-68-7"><bdi>0-935702-68-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Supplement+to+the+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-935702-68-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowse1997157-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowse1997157_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHowse1997">Howse 1997</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMANO-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMANO_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMANO_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dumortier, Hannelore, & Loncke (n.d.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeagoSeidelmannAllen2011-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeagoSeidelmannAllen2011_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeagoSeidelmannAllen2011">Seago, Seidelmann & Allen 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IST-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IST_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IST_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1968/act/23/enacted/en/print.html">"STANDARD TIME ACT, 1968; Section 1"</a>. Government of Ireland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STANDARD+TIME+ACT%2C+1968%3B+Section+1&rft.pub=Government+of+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1968%2Fact%2F23%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fprint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IWT-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IWT_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IWT_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/index.html">"STANDARD TIME (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1971; Section 1"</a>. Government of Ireland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STANDARD+TIME+%28AMENDMENT%29+ACT%2C+1971%3B+Section+1&rft.pub=Government+of+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1971%2Fact%2F17%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice" class="citation web cs1">Office, Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas House Services Directorate Bills. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acts.ie/ga.act.1971.0017.1.html">"AN tACHT UM AM CAIGHDEÁNACH (LEASÚ), 1971"</a>. <i>www.acts.ie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.acts.ie&rft.atitle=AN+tACHT+UM+AM+CAIGHDE%C3%81NACH+%28LEAS%C3%9A%29%2C+1971&rft.aulast=Office&rft.aufirst=Office+of+the+Houses+of+the+Oireachtas+House+Services+Directorate+Bills&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acts.ie%2Fga.act.1971.0017.1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420225915/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/index.html">"Astronomical Almanac Online"</a>. United States Naval Observatory and Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asa.usno.navy.mil/index.html">the original</a> on 20 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Almanac+Online&rft.pub=United+States+Naval+Observatory+and+Her+Majesty%27s+Nautical+Almanac+Office&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasa.usno.navy.mil%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumortierHanneloreLoncken.d." class="citation web cs1">Dumortier, J; Hannelore, D; Loncke, M. (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003105251/http://www.e-timing.net/legal%20report%20E-timing%20ICRI%20TS.pdf">"Legal Aspects of Trusted Time services in Europe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. AMANO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-timing.net/legal%20report%20E-timing%20ICRI%20TS.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Aspects+of+Trusted+Time+services+in+Europe&rft.pub=AMANO&rft.aulast=Dumortier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Hannelore%2C+D&rft.au=Loncke%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-timing.net%2Flegal%2520report%2520E-timing%2520ICRI%2520TS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuinot2011" class="citation journal cs1">Guinot, Bernard (August 2011). "Solar time, legal time, time in use". <i>Metrologia</i>. <b>48</b> (4): S181–185. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Metro..48S.181G">2011Metro..48S.181G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F48%2F4%2FS08">10.1088/0026-1394/48/4/S08</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:121852011">121852011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metrologia&rft.atitle=Solar+time%2C+legal+time%2C+time+in+use&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=S181-185&rft.date=2011-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A121852011%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F48%2F4%2FS08&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Metro..48S.181G&rft.aulast=Guinot&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiltonMcCarthy2013" class="citation book cs1">Hilton, James L; <a href="/wiki/Dennis_McCarthy_(scientist)" title="Dennis McCarthy (scientist)">McCarthy, Dennis D.</a> (2013). "Precession, Nutation, Polar Motion, and Earth Rotation". In Sean Urban; P. Kenneth Seidelmann (eds.). <i>Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac</i> (3rd ed.). Mill Valley CA: University Science Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Precession%2C+Nutation%2C+Polar+Motion%2C+and+Earth+Rotation&rft.btitle=Explanatory+Supplement+to+the+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.place=Mill+Valley+CA&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Hilton&rft.aufirst=James+L&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Dennis+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowse1997" class="citation book cs1">Howse, Derek (1997). <i>Greenwich time and the longitude</i>. London: Philip Wilson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780856674686" title="Special:BookSources/9780856674686"><bdi>9780856674686</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greenwich+time+and+the+longitude&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Philip+Wilson&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780856674686&rft.aulast=Howse&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090705082900/http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html">"Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21"</a>. Parliament of Canada. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html">the original</a> on 5 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interpretation+Act%2C+R.S.C.+1985%2C+c.+I-21.&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canlii.org%2Fen%2Fca%2Flaws%2Fstat%2Frsc-1985-c-i-21%2Flatest%2Frsc-1985-c-i-21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/CanLII" title="CanLII">CanLII</a>. (Canadian statute)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1978/30/contents">"Interpretation Act 1978"</a>. Parliament of the United Kingdom.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interpretation+Act+1978&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1978%2F30%2Fcontents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span> (UK statute, see also <a href="/wiki/Interpretation_Act_1978" title="Interpretation Act 1978">Interpretation Act 1978</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2005/act/23/enacted/en/print.html">"Interpretation Act 2005"</a>. <i>Electronic Irish Statute Book</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Interpretation+Act+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F2005%2Fact%2F23%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fprint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthySeidelmann2009" class="citation book cs1">McCarthy, Denis D; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2009). <i>TIME—From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics</i>. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783527407804" title="Special:BookSources/9783527407804"><bdi>9783527407804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TIME%E2%80%94From+Earth+Rotation+to+Atomic+Physics&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9783527407804&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Denis+D&rft.au=Seidelmann%2C+P.+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2007" class="citation web cs1">Myers, J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">"History of legal time in Britain"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+legal+time+in+Britain&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polyomino.org.uk%2Fbritish-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeagoSeidelmannAllen2011" class="citation journal cs1">Seago, J.H.; Seidelmann, P. K.; Allen, Steve (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/seago.pdf">"LEGISLATIVE SPECIFICATIONS FOR COORDINATING WITH UNIVERSAL TIME"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Astronomical Society Publishing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050204162503/http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/seago.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 February 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Astronomical+Society+Publishing&rft.atitle=LEGISLATIVE+SPECIFICATIONS+FOR+COORDINATING+WITH+UNIVERSAL+TIME&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Seago&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rft.au=Seidelmann%2C+P.+K.&rft.au=Allen%2C+Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucolick.org%2F~sla%2Fleapsecs%2Fseago.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/271319.stm">"Six pip salute"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 February 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Six+pip+salute&rft.date=1999-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F271319.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1968/en/act/pub/0023/sec0001.html">"Standard Time Act, 1968"</a>. Office of the Attorney General. 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Time+Act%2C+1968&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Attorney+General&rft.date=1968&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2F1968%2Fen%2Fact%2Fpub%2F0023%2Fsec0001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/html">"Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971"</a>. Office of the Attorney General. 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Time+%28Amendment%29+Act%2C+1971&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Attorney+General&rft.date=1971&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1971%2Fact%2F17%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span> (Irish statute)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hpiers.obspm.fr/">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ominous-valve.com/sounds/bbc0.mp3">The original BBC World Service GMT time signal in MP3 format</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodgers2009" class="citation news cs1">Rodgers, Lucy (20 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8266883.stm">"At the centre of time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=At+the+centre+of+time&rft.date=2009-10-20&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F8266883.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenwich+Mean+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time measurement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Time_standard" title="Time standard">standards</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronometry" title="Chronometry">Chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_metrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Time metrology">Metrology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTC_offset" title="UTC offset">offset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94T_(timekeeping)" title="ΔT (timekeeping)">ΔT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DUT1" title="DUT1">DUT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Earth_Rotation_and_Reference_Systems_Service" title="International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">ISO 31-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Time" title="International Atomic Time">International Atomic Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-hour_clock" title="12-hour clock">12-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_clock" title="24-hour clock">24-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time" title="Barycentric Coordinate Time">Barycentric Coordinate Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barycentric_Dynamical_Time" title="Barycentric Dynamical Time">Barycentric Dynamical Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_time" title="Civil time">Civil time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight saving time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time" title="Geocentric Coordinate Time">Geocentric Coordinate Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IERS_Reference_Meridian" title="IERS Reference Meridian">IERS Reference Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_second" title="Leap second">Leap second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_time" title="Solar time">Solar time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Time" title="Terrestrial Time">Terrestrial Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass"><img alt="template illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg/75px-Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg/113px-Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg/150px-Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="3819" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone"><img alt="template illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/75px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/113px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/150px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeris_time" title="Ephemeris time">Ephemeris time</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenwich Mean Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian" title="Prime meridian">Prime meridian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_physics" title="Time in physics">Time in physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time" title="Absolute space and time">Absolute space and time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronon" title="Chronon">Chronon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous signal">Continuous signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_time" title="Coordinate time">Coordinate time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_decade" title="Cosmological decade">Cosmological decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_time_and_continuous_time" title="Discrete time and continuous time">Discrete time and continuous time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_time" title="Proper time">Proper time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">Theory of relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_dilation" title="Time dilation">Time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation" title="Gravitational time dilation">Gravitational time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_domain" title="Time domain">Time domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-translation_symmetry" title="Time-translation symmetry">Time-translation symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-symmetry" title="T-symmetry">T-symmetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">Horology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrarium" title="Astrarium">Astrarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">Atomic clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complication_(horology)" title="Complication (horology)">Complication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices" title="History of timekeeping devices">History of timekeeping devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass">Hourglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometer" title="Marine chronometer">Marine chronometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_sandglass" title="Marine sandglass">Marine sandglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_clock" title="Radio clock">Radio clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stopwatch" title="Stopwatch">stopwatch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">Water clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">Sundial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialing_scales" title="Dialing scales">Dialing scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_of_time" title="Equation of time">Equation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sundials" title="History of sundials">History of sundials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema_for_horizontal_dials" title="Schema for horizontal dials">Sundial markup schema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> (lunar Hijri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominical_letter" title="Dominical letter">Dominical letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epact" title="Epact">Epact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">Equinox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">Intercalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">Julian day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">Solstice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">Tropical year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determination_of_the_day_of_the_week" title="Determination of the day of the week">Weekday determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_days_of_the_week" title="Names of the days of the week">Weekday names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology and geology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronological_dating" title="Chronological dating">Chronological dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" title="Astronomical chronology">Astronomical chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_year" title="Galactic year">Galactic year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_timescale" title="Nuclear timescale">Nuclear timescale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precession" title="Precession">Precession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_time" title="Sidereal time">Sidereal time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_time" title="Unit of time">units of time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instant" title="Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flick_(time)" title="Flick (time)">Flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shake_(unit)" title="Shake (unit)">Shake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiffy_(time)" title="Jiffy (time)">Jiffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">Minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moment_(unit)" title="Moment (unit)">Moment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Week" title="Week">Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">Fortnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Month" title="Month">Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustrum" title="Lustrum">Lustrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">Decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeculum" title="Saeculum">Saeculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(philosophy)" title="Duration (philosophy)">Duration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_chronometry" title="Mental chronometry">Mental chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimal_time" title="Decimal time">Decimal time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_time" title="Metric time">Metric time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_time" title="System time">System time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_metrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Time metrology">Time metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_value_of_money" title="Time value of money">Time value of money</a></li> <li><a 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